DOCSLIB.ORG

A Quantitative Study Based on a Sonographic Examination of Four Vowel Sounds in Alaryngeal Speech

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Quantitative Study Based on a Sonographic Examination of Four Vowel Sounds in Alaryngeal Speech Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1977 A Quantitative Study Based on a Sonographic Examination of Four Vowel Sounds in Alaryngeal Speech Cheryl Ann Schultz Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Speech and Hearing Science Commons, and the Speech Pathology and Audiology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Schultz, Cheryl Ann, "A Quantitative Study Based on a Sonographic Examination of Four Vowel Sounds in Alaryngeal Speech" (1977). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 2571. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.2568 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. -.~-. ........__ --- ···--..... ~-··~ --····------- .............. ..-.........-... - -~--·· -~~ --· .......... ____ . AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Cheryl Ann Schultz for the Master of Science in Speech Communication: Emphasis in Speech Pathoiogy/AUdioldgy presented May 3, 1977. Title: A Quantitative Study Based on a Sonographic Examina- tion of Four Vowel Sounds in Alaryngeal Speech. APPROVED BY MEMBERS OF THE THESIS COMMITTEE: Rober~ ~naliSh/~mg l.S • niS;.1r1.J..D. -, . .cas teel, Ph. n": Ronald ~· Smith, Ph.D. Laryngectomy, as a treatment for malignant laryngeal lesions, requires the patient to seek a substitute ~ethod of producing speech. Three types of alaryngeal speech were described: esophageal, Asai, and artificiai larynx. One consideration in deciding which mode of speech is best for the patient is how closely each type of'alaryngeal speech approximates normal. This investigation was an objective examination of -·~--~ -~~-- ...._ ------------&--· • & & - -~- &- &-- -&- 2 esophageal, Asai and artificial larynx speech as compared with normal in males and females. ·comparisons w~re based on production of four vowels /i/; /~/, /~/, /u/. Eight sub- jects were selected, one male and one female in each type of alaryngeal speech. All speakers were recorded producing the four vowels three times. Each production was analyzed sono­ . graphically to determine fundamental frequency and formants 1, 2, and 3. The following information was obtained to answer the questions posed: . 1. What is the difference in fundamental frequency and formant's 1, 2, and 3 of four vowels produced by esophageal speakers and normal speakers? Fundamental frequencies produced by male and female esophageal speakers were 60 and 70 Hz lowe·r than their normal counterparts, respectively. Formant frequency values for both esophageal speakers showed little relationship to normal, varying both higher and lower in no predictable pattern. 2. What is the difference in fundamental frequency and formants 1, 2, and 3 of four vowels produced by Asai speakers and normal speakers? The male Asai speaker produced a fundamental frequency approximately 30 Hz higher than the normal male speaker. Formant 1 was found to be lower than normal; however, this trend did not continue in formants ~ and 3. Female Asai ;fundamental frequency values, only 20 Hz .-... ........................... ~--..__ -- ·------·-----··--.. ·~----·&-• &·-- -------& . 3 lower than normal, suggest that the Asai technique may pro­ vide the female laryngectomee with the closest approximation to normal. 3. What is the difference in fundamental frequency and formants 1, 2 ,· ahd 3 of· .four vowels produced by speakers using electronic vibratory devices and normal speakers? Laryngectomees using an artificial larynx select the fundamental frequency they desire in operating the mechanical device. These chosen values are considerably lower than normal. As with·the other alaryngeal speakers, formant values were scattered above and below normal formant frequencies. 4. What is the difference between male and female production of these vowels in each of the four modes of speech? Male·alaryngeal speaker$ show~d much greater consis- tency in the production of fundamental frequency over the range of the four vowels. Female alaryngeal speakers varied as much as 53 Hz from one vowel to another. Artificial larynx speakers are not considered because of the mechanical production of fundamental frequency. 5. What is' the difference between esophageal, Asai and electronic vibratory device speakers for the four vowels examined? Esophageal speakers produce a low fundamental frequency when compared to Asai speakers. Artificial larynx also produces a low fundamental freq~ency, but this is at the - ~~~~~ ---- ·---.. ~~ ......... .-......... -------·----. 4 discretion of the user. Data on formant frequencies were inconsistent and provided minimal information. Conclusions derived from this invest~gation roust be guarded due to the small sample population. If the data on these subjects is representative of larger populations, it may be inferred that the fundamental frequency of ~~male Asai ~ I • ' < speakers is considerably closer to normal than the. ~ther two types of alaryngeal speech studied. Male alaryngeal speakers appear to have a broader choice of fund~ental frequency ranging above and below normal values. ~urther study is suggested on the qua~titativ~ aspects of alaryngeal speech using a considerably larger population of subjects. Extreme variations noted in some instances in formant relationships only clarify the need to minimize indi­ vidual differences through a larger sampl.e. &&• ••• ··-·--...._·~ ... ....-. ... ~-~- .................. - ............. ... .-...... -...... ...... ~-~ - --- ... ........................ ___ ...... ...... -... ....... -~-.................... _.... .... ... A QUANTITATIVE STUDY BASED.ON A SONOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF FOUR VOWEL SOUNDS IN ALARYNGEAL SPE.ECH I I by CHERYL ANN SCHU.LTZ A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for th~ degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in SPEECH COMMUNICATION: EMPHASIS IN SPEECH PATHOLOGY/AUDIOLOGY I I Portland State University I 1977 .... ... __ ....... -~- ____ ... _____ __ ·---.... , .......... ~ TO THE OFFICE OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH: The members of the Committee approve the thesis of Cheryl Ann Schultz presented May 3, 1977. Mary E.• crordon I Chairman Robert H.--Eng'Tif~ -- - i Ronald E. Smith, Ph .. D. APPROVED: Voge , Department of Speech Communication Graduate Sb.idies and Researc -66• ----........._ -...... ..,..... .............. - --........ _ -.-... ............... __ ..... - ..... ---- -- ... _.... ... ~ ..__~:....... _ __ ....... _ ......... _............ -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS l Reflecting back over the events which have ultimately l 1· resulted· in the completion of this project, certain person­ alities stand out as being invaluable ·contribut'ors to the effort. First and· foremost, I must express profound gratitude to my husband, Gary Schultz, for bearing up under what must have been trying periods for him throughout the process of making this project a finished product. He was a sounding board for ideas and frustrations, a traveling companion.and equipment .bearer during the data collection phase, and most of all a "rock" when I needed support. Mary Gordon will never know how app.reciated her efforts in this endeavor have been. Besides guidance and assistance as thesis Chairperson, she has given friendship during trying times, been understanding of frustrations, and calmed fraz- zled nerves. Dr. Robert English must be thanked for allowing him- self to be "hassled" all too frequently. His contributions to this project and to my life cannot be expressed. Dr. Robert Casteel a~lowed himself to become a sounding board for trying out the ideas whic~.led to this project. His guidance and help in making it into a workable pl~n;, his . ·-·---·-~ ............................... .-... ... .-.....-. ........................ ... .... ....._.. ---------.-....- ... ............... .- ......................................................... _____ .................. ...-. iv insights, t~oughtfulness, and assistance have been ipvalu-. able. Finally, I must acknowledge gratefully each of the individuals who allowed themselves to be used as subjects for this project. Each offered his time, his hospitality, and many personal insights into the daily life problems and feelings of laryngec~omees which cannot be learned from reading research studies or textbooks. They were each warm, willing, eager subjects without whom this project would never have been completed. To all who participated in this project go my si~cerest thanks, and profound gratitude. -·- ·--...-.. ... .................. --............. ____ ·-- ~ &------- ................ ... TABLE ·OF CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS • • . iii LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES .. •• viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF PURPOSE . .. 1 Introduction ..•••• 1 Statement of Purpose. 2 II REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. 4 Three Types of ·Alaryngeal Speech. • 4 Esophageal Speech Asai Speech Artificial Larynx Speech Quantitative Assessment of Normal Phonation • • • . 8 Quantitative Assessment bf Alaryngeal Speech. 13 Quantitative Assessment of Esopha- geal Speech Quantitative Assessment of Asai Speech Quantitative Assessment of Arti- f icial Larynx Speech III METHODS.AND PROCEDURES. 20 General Plan. 20 ................ ---,, --- -~-------~·- ~-- ....................................................... __..~--....-..... ......... vi CHAPTER PAGE Subjects . • • • • • • • • • 20
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Consonant Intelligibility of Alaryngeal Talkers: Pilot Data* P.C
    CLINICAL ARTICLE Consonant Intelligibility of Alaryngeal Talkers: Pilot Data* P.c. Doyle and J.L Danhauer Abstract Until recently those larygectomized patients who This study investigated the intelligibility of conson­ had met with limited success in acquiring functional eso­ ants produced by two highly proficient and well­ phageal speech were given the sole alternative of using matched alaryngeal talkers, one esophageal (E) and one either externally applied or intraoral artificial laryngeal tracheoesophagea/ (TE). A group of professional and a devices (Salmon and Goldstein, 1979). However, the group of lay listeners orthographically transcribed their recent development of the tracheosophageal (TE) punc­ responses to the speech stimuli. The data were co/­ ture technique (Singer and Blom, 1980) and use of a lapsed into confusion matrices, pooled across listener prosthetic "air shunt" may offer a remarkably successful groups for each talker, and analyzed for the perceptual! and viable alternative for the patient incapable of acquir­ productive features for each talker. The most frequent ing traditional esophageal speech. Further, TE speech perceptual confusion observed for both talkers related has the benefit of being supplied by the pulmonary air to the voicing feature. Based on these pilot data, the TE source, thereby distinguishing it aerodynamically from talker was perceived to be more intelligible than the E the characteristics of esophageal speech. Although both talker. TE and esophageal speech use the pharyngeoesopha­ geal (PE) segment as an alaryngeal voicing source, the Consonant Intelligibility Alaryngeal differences in aerodynamic support and esophageal 0/ insufflation for voicing are critical factors to consider in Talkers: Pilot Data the alaryngeal speech which is ultimately produced.
    [Show full text]
  • Voice Rehabilitation After Laryngectomy Voice Rehabilitation After Laryngectomy
    AIJOC REVIEW ARTICLE Voice Rehabilitation after Laryngectomy Voice Rehabilitation after Laryngectomy 1Audrey B Erman, 2Daniel G Deschler 1Department of Otology and Laryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 2Director, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otology and Laryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Correspondence: Audrey B Erman, Department of Otology and Laryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Abstract Improvements in voice rehabilitation over the past century have paralleled the surgical success of laryngectomy. The establishment of the tracheoesophageal puncture marked a turning point in the development of successful and dependable voice rehabilitation. Surgical options include both primary and secondary placement of a tracheoesophageal puncture. Though complications, such as pharyngoesophageal spasm or prosthesis leakage may occur, patients should expect functional voice restoration after laryngectomy. Keywords: Voice rehabilitation, Laryngectomy, Tracheoesophageal puncture, Pharyngoesophageal spasm. INTRODUCTION mechanical and electric options, and many are still used today as a bridge prior to tracheoesophageal speech. Even in the current era of evolving organ preservation The development of esophageal speech may be attainable protocols for treating laryngeal cancer, total laryngectomy by some patients after laryngectomy. With this technique, continues to play a prominent role in curative treatment air is swallowed into the cervical esophagus and then plans. Soon after the first reports of the laryngectomy expelled, vibrating the patient’s own pharyngoesophageal procedure by Billroth, voice rehabilitation was likewise tissue forming a “pseudoglottis” which produces a introduced as an important element in the treatment of functional, yet limited sound source for speech formation.
    [Show full text]
  • Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 13: 2
    LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 13 : 2 February 2013 ISSN 1930-2940 Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D. B. A. Sharada, Ph.D. A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D. Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D. Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D. S. M. Ravichandran, Ph.D. G. Baskaran, Ph.D. L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D. Assistant Managing Editor: Swarna Thirumalai, M.A. Vowel Duration across Age and Dialects of Telugu Language Krishna Y, Ph.D. (Sp. & Hg.), CCC-A B. Rajashekhar, Ph.D. Abstract Vowel duration, one of the important acoustic characteristics, is important in vowel perception. Vowel duration varies based on individual, linguistic and non-linguistic characteristics. This study was to study vowel duration in all Telugu vowels across different gender, region and age groups. Using cross sectional study design, a total of 4320 tokens from 72 randomly selected Telugu speaking participants from three age groups, two gender and three region groups were analyzed. Vowel duration of the target vowel was extracted and analyzed using spectrogram. From the results it is interpreted that significant variations in vowel duration of vowels in Telugu exist between children, adolescents and adults; Coastal, Rayalaseema and Telengana speakers. Vowels /e/ and /a:/ had longest vowel duration, while short and long vowels /i/ have shortest vowel duration. Children found to have longer vowel duration as compared to adolescents or adults. Regional influences are seen on vowel duration. Rayalaseema speakers Language in India www.languageinindia.com 13 : 1 February 2013 Krishna Y, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Voice Onset Time (VOT) Characteristics of Esophageal, Title Tracheoesophageal and Laryngeal Speech of Cantonese
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by HKU Scholars Hub Voice onset time (VOT) characteristics of esophageal, Title tracheoesophageal and laryngeal speech of Cantonese Other Contributor(s) University of Hong Kong. Author(s) Wong, Ching-yin, Juliana Citation Issued Date 2007 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10722/55506 Rights Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License VOT characteristics 1 Voice onset time (VOT) characteristics of esophageal, tracheoesophageal and laryngeal speech of Cantonese Wong, Juliana Ching-Yin A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, June 30, 2007 VOT characteristics 2 Abstract The ability of esophageal (SE) and tracheoesophageal (TE) speakers of Cantonese to differentiate between aspirated and unaspirated stops in three places of articulations were investigated. Six Cantonese stops /p, ph, t, t h, k, k h/ followed by the vowel /a/ produced by 10 SE, TE and laryngeal (NL) speakers were examined through perceptual judgement tasks and voice onset time (VOT) analysis. Results from perceptual experiment showed lower identification accuracy in SE and TE than NL speech for all stops. Misidentification of aspirated stops as their unaspirated counterparts was the dominant error. Acoustic analysis revealed that aspirated stops produced by NL, SE and TE speakers were associated with significantly longer VOT values than their unaspirated counterparts. Velar unaspirated stops showed significantly longer VOT values than bilabial and alveolar stops in NL and SE speech. In conclusion, SE and TE speakers were still able to use VOT to signal aspiration contrast, but TE was unable to differentiate among different places of articulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Article Assessment of Alaryngeal Speech Using
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE ASSESSMENT OF ALARYNGEAL SPEECH USING A SOUND-PRODUCING VOICE PROSTHESIS IN RELATION TO SEX AND PHARYNGOESOPHAGEAL SEGMENT TONICITY M. van der Torn, MD,1 C. D. L. van Gogh, MD,1 I. M. Verdonck-de Leeuw, PhD,1 J. M. Festen, PhD,1 G. J. Verkerke, PhD,2 H. F. Mahieu, PhD1 1 Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, P. O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Accepted 23 August 2005 Published online 9 February 2006 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/hed.20355 Keywords: laryngectomy; artificial larynx; voice prosthesis; Abstract: Background. A pneumatic artificial sound source alaryngeal speech; voice incorporated in a regular tracheoesophageal shunt valve may improve alaryngeal voice quality. Methods. In 20 laryngectomees categorized for sex and pharyngoesophageal segment tonicity, a prototype sound-pro- Total laryngectomy, as surgical treatment for ducing voice prosthesis (SPVP) is evaluated for a brief period and compared with their regular tracheoesophageal shunt locally advanced laryngeal tumors, interferes speech. with all functions of the larynx (ie, phonation, res- Results. Perceptual voice evaluation by an expert listener piration, deglutition, and indirectly olfaction). and acoustical analysis demonstrate a uniform rise of vocal pitch The most persistent problems of patients with lar- when using the SPVP. Female laryngectomees with an atonic yngectomies are related to the loss of voice.1,2 It is pharyngoesophageal segment gain vocal strength with the SPVP. Exerted tracheal pressure and airflow rate are equivalent generally acknowledged that rapid and effective to those required for regular tracheoesophageal shunt valves.
    [Show full text]
  • Ingressive Phonation in Contemporary Vocal Music, Works by Helmut Lachenmann, Georges Aperghis, Michael Baldwin, and Nicholas
    © 2012 Amanda DeBoer Bartlett All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Jane Schoonmaker Rodgers, Advisor The use of ingressive phonation (inward singing) in contemporary vocal music is becoming more frequent, yet there is limited research on the physiological demands, risks, and pedagogical requirements of the various ingressive phonation techniques. This paper will discuss ingressive phonation as it is used in contemporary vocal music. The research investigates the ways in which ingressive phonation differs acoustically, physiologically, and aesthetically from typical (egressive) phonation, and explores why and how composers and performers use the various ingressive vocal techniques. Using non-invasive methods, such as electroglottograph waveforms, aerodynamic (pressure, flow, flow resistance) measures, and acoustic analyses of recorded singing, specific data about ingressive phonation were obtained, and various categories of vocal techniques were distinguished. Results are presented for basic vocal exercises and tasks, as well as for specific excerpts from the repertoire, including temA by Helmut Lachenmann and Ursularia by Nicholas DeMaison. The findings of this study were applied to a discussion surrounding pedagogical and aesthetic applications of ingressive phonation in contemporary art music intended for concert performance. Topics of this discussion include physical differences in the production and performance of ingressive phonation, descriptive information regarding the various techniques, as well as notational and practical recommendations for composers. iv This document is dedicated to: my husband, Tom Bartlett my parents, John and Gail DeBoer and my siblings, Mike, Matt, and Leslie DeBoer Thank you for helping me laugh through the process – at times ingressively – and for supporting me endlessly. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have endless gratitude for my advisor and committee chair, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Neural Coding of Natural and Synthetic Speech
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2017 Neural coding of natural and synthetic speech. Allison Brown University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Communication Sciences and Disorders Commons Recommended Citation Brown, Allison, "Neural coding of natural and synthetic speech." (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2648. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/2648 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEURAL CODING OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC SPEECH By Allison Brown B.S.- University of Kentucky, Lexington Kentucky, 2015 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Medicine of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Communicative Disorders Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky May 2017 © 2017 Allison Brown All rights reserved NEURAL CODING OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC SPEECH By Allison Brown B.S.- University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 2015 A Thesis Approved on April 21, 2017 by the following Thesis Committee: _________________________________________ Teresa Pitts, Ph.D., Thesis Director _________________________________________ Sharon E. Miller, Ph.D. _________________________________________ Alan Smith, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Intelligibility in Tracheoesophageal Speech: a Descriptive Analysis
    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 6-19-2012 12:00 AM Exploring Intelligibility in Tracheoesophageal Speech: A Descriptive Analysis Lindsay E. Sleeth The University of Western Ontariio Supervisor Dr. Philip C. Doyle The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Health and Rehabilitation Sciences A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Master of Science © Lindsay E. Sleeth 2012 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Speech Pathology and Audiology Commons Recommended Citation Sleeth, Lindsay E., "Exploring Intelligibility in Tracheoesophageal Speech: A Descriptive Analysis" (2012). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 623. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/623 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EXPLORING INTELLIGIBILITY IN TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL SPEECH: A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS (Spine title: Intelligibility in Tracheoesophageal Speech) (Thesis format: Monograph) by Lindsay E. Sleeth BHSc. Graduate Program in Health and Rehabilitation Science A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada © Lindsay Eileen Sleeth, 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Prognostic Factors for Esophageal Voice Christine G
    Loma Linda University TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects 6-1980 Review of prognostic factors for esophageal voice Christine G. Bravos Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd Part of the Biostatistics Commons, and the Speech Pathology and Audiology Commons Recommended Citation Bravos, Christine G., "Review of prognostic factors for esophageal voice" (1980). Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects. 541. https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/541 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects by an authorized administrator of TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT Plan A of this study was completed. Plan B of the study is the subject for future research. A review of _the laryngectomy literature, from the earliest mention of the laryngectomy surgical procedure to the present was conducted; with specific emphasis upon factors pertinent to laryngectomee rehabilitation and esophageal speech development. Psychological, idiosyn­ cratic, social, therapeutic and physiological factors were reported as affecting esophageal voice development. There were a great diversity of variables that might be predictive in judging acquisition of esophageal voice. However, much of the information regarding predictive variables was based on subjective reports, poorly controlled statistical research, or insignificant correlations. A Preliminary Esophageal Voice Checklist was developed to provide a systematic survey of variables frequently reported in the literature as affecting esophageal voice development.
    [Show full text]
  • Artificial Speech for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Patients and Laryngectomees
    Artificial Speech for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Patients and Laryngecton1ees by Marilyn Adeline Mei l-im B .E. (Hons 1) A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand 31 July 2005 Abstract A method and prototype device to provide artificial speech for intensive care unit (leU) patients and laryngectomees is presented. The method assists these patients to produce natural sounding speech by "mouthing the words". A review of the current communication techniques for these patients is presented. The limitations of these techniques suggests that there is a need for a device that produces natural sounding speech (pitch variation and glottal sound source that resembles the actual glottal pulse generated by the vibrating vocal folds) and a device that is user friendly. As vocal folds only vibrate during vowel production, only vowel sounds are considered. Since pitch variation plays a major role in the naturalness of a person's voice, a number of alternative (automatic) pitch control tecbniques were explored. A unique pitch control technique utilising the changes in jaw height when a person "mouth the words" is presented. The electroglottographic (EGG) signal is used as the glottal sound source signal for this research as the properties of the EGG signal offers a number of advantages compared with other glottal sound source measurement techniques. A new glottal source model known as the twin-bar model, based on EGG measurements from normal volunteers, is also introduced. This model changes the shape of the glottal pulse based on a single parameter: pitch.
    [Show full text]
  • © Copyrighted Material by PRO-ED, Inc
    Index AAC. See Augmentative and alternative communication CLD clients and, 446, 447Inc. (AAC) dementia and, 377 Abdominal muscles, 6, 7 dysarthria and, 369 Abuse, 161-162 fetal alcohol effects (FAE), 163-164 Academic skills, 150,220 fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), 162-163 Acceleration, 93 gastroesophagealPRO-ED, reflux and, 313, 319 Accent training, 240 Native Americans and, 446 Acetylcholine, 30 traumaticby brain injury (TBI) and, 391 Acoustic analysis, 95-96, 304 Alexia, 363 Acoustic immitance, 486-487 Allomorphs, definition of, 106 Acoustic neuromas, 480, 483 Allophones, definition of, 70, 208 Acoustic phonetics, definition of, 70 Alternate-form reliability, 530,567 Acoustic reflex, 465 materialAlternating motion rates (AMRs), 374 Acoustics, 468-471 Alveolar ducts, 2 Active sentences, 107 Alveolar ridge, 19 Adaptation effect, 264-265 Alzheimer's Association, 377 Adjacency effect, 266 Alzheimer's disease, 349, 372, 378-379 Adolescent Language Screening Test (ALST; Morgan & Alzheimer's Disease Education and Referral Center, 377 Guilford),179 copyrighted American Academy ofAudiology (AAA), 463 Adopted children, 433 © American Idol, 578 Aerodynamic measurements, 305-306 American Indian Hand Talk (AMER-IND), 191 Affricates, 82, 210, 218 American Psychiatric Association (APA), 155, 157, 164 African American English (AAE), 420-425, 438, 445, American Sign Language (ASL), 191, 503-504 447 American Speech-language-Hearing Association African Americans, 348, 415 (ASHA), 223, 357, 418, 463 Agnosia, 363-364 Au.D. and, 463 Agraphia, 363 clinical
    [Show full text]
  • The Application of Clear Speech in Electrolaryngeal Speakers
    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 3-10-2016 12:00 AM The Application of Clear Speech in Electrolaryngeal Speakers Steven R. Cox The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Dr. Philip C. Doyle The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Health and Rehabilitation Sciences A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Steven R. Cox 2016 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Speech Pathology and Audiology Commons Recommended Citation Cox, Steven R., "The Application of Clear Speech in Electrolaryngeal Speakers" (2016). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 3533. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3533 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract The present work was comprised of a series of experiments that investigated the application of clear speech (CS) in a group of electrolaryngeal (EL) speakers. Three experiments were conducted to assess the impact of CS on three important aspects of EL speech. More specifically, Experiment 1 sought to identify the impact of CS on EL speakers’ word and consonant intelligibility; Experiment 2 examined the influence of CS on the acoustic characteristics of words and vowels in EL speech; and finally, Experiment 3 sought to identify the influence of CS produced by EL speakers on auditory-perceptual ratings by naïve listeners. Results revealed that overall word and consonant intelligibility were minimally different when EL speakers used CS compared to their everyday, ‘habitual’ speech (HS) (Experiment 1).
    [Show full text]