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Draft Environmental Assessment Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge

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Draft Environmental Assessment Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge Draft Environmental Assessment Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge Potable Water Delivery System April 2020 Prepared by David Farmer, Dan McDonald, Lynn Cartmell Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge Indiahoma, OK Table of Contents Proposed Action .............................................................................................................................. 3 Background ................................................................................................................................. 3 Purpose and Need for the Proposed Action ................................................................................ 4 Alternatives Considered .................................................................................................................. 5 Alternative A – Current Management [No Action Alternative] ............................................. 5 Alternative B – Install a New Water Delivery System and Purchase Potable Water [Proposed Action Alternative] ................................................................................................ 6 Mitigation Measures and Best Management Practices ............................................................... 8 Affected Environment ..................................................................................................................... 8 Environmental Consequences of the Action ................................................................................... 9 Affected Natural Resources and Anticipated Impacts of the Alternatives ............................... 10 Affected Visitor Use and Experience Resources and Anticipated Impacts Alternatives ......... 17 Affected Cultural Resources and Anticipated Impacts of the Alternatives .............................. 19 Affected Refuge Management and Operations Resources and Anticipated Impacts of the Alternatives ............................................................................................................................... 20 Affected Socioeconomic Resources and Anticipated Impacts of the Alternatives ................... 21 Cumulative Impact Analysis ..................................................................................................... 24 Anticipated Cumulative Impacts of the Alternatives ................................................................ 24 Summary of Analysis ................................................................................................................ 28 Monitoring ................................................................................................................................ 29 List of Sources, Agencies, and Persons Consulted ................................................................... 29 References ................................................................................................................................. 31 Appendix 1 .................................................................................................................................... 33 Appendix 2 – Proposed Rural Water District Water Supply Line Maps ..................................... 35 2 Draft Environmental Assessment for Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge Rural Water District Waterline Installation This Draft Environmental Assessment (EA) is being prepared to evaluate the effects associated with this proposed action and complies with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) in accordance with Council on Environmental Quality regulations (40 CFR 1500-1509) and Department of the Interior (43 CFR 46; 516 DM 8) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service)(550 FW 3) regulations and policies. NEPA requires examination of the effects of proposed actions on the natural and human environment. Proposed Action The Service is proposing to install a new water delivery system to supply potable water to visitors and staff at refuge facilities, Holy City of the Wichitas (Holy City), and Doris Campground on Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge (WR/refuge). The refuge would purchase potable water from Comanche County Rural Water District (RWD) 4 in Cache, Oklahoma. The water supply line would be extended from approximately 3 miles west of Cache along Highway 62, travel north on Highway 115 to the refuge boundary, and be buried along existing roadsides. The total expansion length would be approximately 15.22 miles, about 9.03 miles of which would be installed on refuge lands. A proposed action is often iterative and may evolve during the NEPA process as the agency refines its proposal and gathers feedback from the public, tribes, and other agencies. Therefore, the final proposed action may be different from the original. The proposed action would be finalized at the conclusion of the public comment period for the EA. Background National wildlife refuges are guided by the mission and goals of the National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS), the purposes of an individual refuge, Service policy, and laws and international treaties. Relevant guidance includes the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966, as amended by the National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997, Refuge Recreation Act of 1962, and selected portions of the Code of Federal Regulations and Fish and Wildlife Service Manual. The mission of the NWRS, as outlined by the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act (NWRSAA), as amended by the National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act (16 U.S.C. 668dd et seq.), is to: “... to administer a national network of lands and waters for the conservation, management and, where appropriate, restoration of the fish, wildlife, and plant resources and their habitats within the United States for the benefit of present and future generations of Americans.” The refuge was established pursuant to Presidential Proclamation 563, on June 2, 1905. The primary purpose of the refuge is “…for the protection of game animals and birds and shall be recognized as a breeding place thereof.” 3 The refuge is a tract of 59,020 acres embracing a major portion of the ancient Wichita Mountains in southwestern Oklahoma. Protection of this area dates back to 1901 when it was established as a forest reserve by President McKinley and 1905 when President Roosevelt re-designated the area as the Wichita Forest and Game Preserve. The long history of the preservation of the refuge has protected this unique vast land as a reminder of southwestern Oklahoma’s natural conditions prior to European settlement. On October 23, 1970, the Wichita Mountains Wilderness Area was established by Public Law 91-504. It consists of two units totaling 8,570 acres. The Public Use Area (PUA) of the refuge, an administrative designation, is an area for public access, intended to benefit public use opportunities and promote awareness of the refuge’s wildlife and habitats. The PUA covers 24,088 acres of the south and southeastern portions of the refuge. The refuge consists of approximately 92.22 square miles in Comanche County, Ok. Management goals established by the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan (USFWS 2013) relevant to this action include: To provide visitors a chance to enjoy a world-class, wildlife-focused experience through public use opportunities that educate and increase the quality of life for current and future generations and promote the long-term health of the refuge. To administer safe, well-maintained, and energy-efficient facilities that allow the public and staff to enjoy and support the purpose of the refuge and the mission of the NWRS. Purpose and Need for the Proposed Action The purpose of the proposed action is to install a new water delivery system to provide potable water to visitors, volunteers, and staff of the refuge at the visitor center, environmental education center complex area, Doris Campground, and Holy City. The proposed action meets the Service’s priorities and mandates as outlined by the NWRSAA to “recognize compatible wildlife-dependent recreational uses as the priority general uses of the NWRS” and “ensure that opportunities are provided within the NWRS for compatible wildlife-dependent recreational uses” 16 U.S.C. 668dd(a)(4). This project is needed because the refuge does not currently meet state requirements for water treatment standards or well depth. Refuge wells are shallow and are now classified as groundwater under the direct influence of surface water. In early 2017, the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) issued a boil order for refuge water based on health and safety concerns associated with the presence of E. coli in the water from the current well and delivery system. This eliminated the use of drinking fountains, ice machines, and faucets to obtain potable water. The refuge does not have adequate water treatment to meet regulatory requirements with the new water source classification. The Service must provide potable water for employees in accordance with 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910.141. Public safety is an utmost priority to the Service, and we must ensure that visitors engaged in approved activities, including overnight camping, at a developed campground are doing so safely. 4 The NWRSAA mandates the Secretary of the Interior in administering the System to (16 U.S.C. 668dd (a)(4): ● Provide for the conservation of fish, wildlife, and plants, and their habitats within the NWRS; ● Ensure that the mission of the NWRS described at 16 U.S.C. 668dd(a)(2) and the purposes of each refuge are carried out; ● Ensure that opportunities
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