CIVIL - MILITARY FUSION CEN TRE

Anti-Piracy Review Week 38 20 September 2011 Comprehensive Information on Complex Crises

INSIDE THIS ISSUE This document provides a weekly overview of developments in Anti-Piracy from 30 August—19

Economics September 2011. Further information on the topics covered is available at www.cimicweb.org. Hy- International Response perlinks to source material are highlighted in blue and underlined in the text. We encourage you to contact the Anti-Piracy Team Leader or our Subject-Matter Experts for more detailed information. Justice Security ————————— Economics Erin Foster ► [email protected] Humanitarian Affairs—Somalia iracy attacks on oil, shipping and fish- Central African States (ECCAS) to ensure the Regional Issues—Somalia ing vessels are growing in West Afri- safety of vessels in the region. A regional ap- ca’s Gulf of Guinea, threatening region- proach to countering piracy is set to be dis- P ABOUT THE CFC al economic stability and international trade, cussed at an anticipated Gulf of Guinea heads

says Lisa Otto of Consultancy Africa Intelli- of state summit; the date is yet unknown. Ni- The Civil-Military Fusion Centre gence (CAI). The report notes that attacks geria and Benin have already launched joint (CFC) is an information and have previously occurred near Nigeria’s Delta coastal patrolling exercises. The UN plans to knowledge management region, with the Nigerian Maritime Security conduct an assessment mission in the region to organisation focused on improving Task Force recording 293 incidents against determine the extent of its counter-piracy sup- civil-military interaction, facilitating fishing vessels between 2003 and 2008. Ac- port. information sharing and enhancing cording to CAI, pirates have stolen the equiva- situational awareness through the CimicWeb portal and our weekly lent of USD 300 to 400 billion in oil revenues In other news, the Southern African Develop- and monthly publications. in the past five years, while pirate attacks have ment Community (SADC) will host a counter- resulted in a 20% decrease in oil production, piracy summit in October, according to the CFC products are based upon and further reducing revenues by USD 202 mil- South African government news agency Bu- link to open-source information lion. According to Otto, as pirate activity aNews. Piracy is not only a coastal security from a wide variety of organisations, spreads to other waters in the Gulf of Guinea problem says BuaNews, but also impacts the research centres and media sources. and more countries are added to the War Risk economies of coastal and inland countries that However, the CFC does not endorse List (Llyod’s Market Association Joint War rely on maritime trade. South African Defence and cannot necessarily guarantee Committee), the regional economic loss of and Military Veterans Minister, Lindiwe Si- the accuracy or objectivity of these USD 2 billion could be even greater if inves- sulu told BuaNews, “SADC should strengthen sources. CFC publications are tors’ confidence in West African oil is lost due and harmonise regional and domestic legal independently produced by to concerns over profitability. Countries on the frameworks for arrest, awaiting trial detention, Knowledge Managers and do not Gulf of Guinea produce an estimated 4% of prosecution and imprisonment or repatriation reflect NATO policies or positions global oil supplies and two-thirds of the of pirates” (see Justice section). Similarly, of any other organisation. world’s cocoa, and the entire region is consid- Ben Coetzee of the Institute for Security Stud- ered an emerging market for iron ore explora- ies recently wrote about the dangerous impacts The CFC is part of NATO Allied tion, reports Reuters. of piracy on trade in Southern Africa. Accord- Command Operations.. ing to Coetzee, as piracy spreads beyond the Although piracy in the Gulf of Guinea has not coast of Somalia there is the potential to stunt

reached the scale or use the same tactics as in growth in Southern Africa as import and ex- Somalia, its potential damage to regional trade port business suffers losses. and economies, along with potential security

implications, has led to scrutiny by the United Finally, Somalia Report suggests that Somali CONTACT THE CFC Nations Security Council. A UN News Service fishermen and the fishing industry are being For further information, contact: article noted the Council’s emphasis on the targeted by pirates, with new reports of miss-

The Anti-Piracy Team need for regional coordination to combat pira- ing fishermen in the Red Sea and Indian [email protected] cy, as well as international support of the Eco- Ocean. Pirates allegedly target fishermen to nomic Community of West African States overtake their boats and weapons, endangering Anti-Piracy Team Leader (ECOWAS) and the Economic Community of lives and jeopardizing local fishing industries. Erin Foster [email protected] International Response Britta Rinehard ► [email protected]

n 12 September, the United Nations reported that Palau joined the International Maritime Organization O (IMO) becoming its 170th Member State. In more IMO-related news, the Inter-sessional Maritime Security and Piracy Working Group of the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) met at IMO Headquarters in London from 13-15 Sep- tember. The aim of the meeting was to elaborate further on the discussion of the use of privately contracted armed securi- ty personnel (PCASP). In particular the use of armed guards on board ships traveling through Somalia’s pirate-affected waters. The outcome was the approval of several MSC circu- lars, such as the MSC.1/Circ.1408 Interim Recommendations for port and coastal States, MSC.1/Circ.1406/Rev.1 Revised Interim Recommendations for flag States and MSC.1/ Circ.1405/Rev.1 Revised Interim Guidance to shipowners, ship operators and shipmasters. However, according to the IMO, these circulars only serve as “guidance and recommen- SG Stein Olav Hagalid, Branch Head, NATO Shipping Centre dations and are not intended to endorse or institutionalize the who discussed “key issues and best practice around security, use of armed guards.” The use of PCASP should not replace safety and crime prevention”. Presentations of the speakers the implementation of Best Management Practices (BMP) or will be posted to the conference website. “other protective measures”. In other news, the Anti-piracy Maritime Security and Interna- A Maritime Security and Counter Piracy Conference took tional Maritime Information Sharing Conference took place in place in London on 13 September. The conference was orga- Victoria, Mahe, Seychelles from 06-09 September. The Re- nized by the IMO, the NATO Shipping Centre (NSC) and the public of Seychelles and the South Asia and Africa Regional Transported Asset Protection Association. The speakers in- Port Stability Cooperative (SAARPSCO) co-organized the cluded, amongst others, Mr. Giles Noakes, Chief Maritime conference with a focus on finding “robust programs to com- Security Officer, BIMCO; Pottengal Mukundan, Di- bat piracy, fortify port security, safeguard the oceanic environ- rector, International Maritime Bureau (IMB); Ms. Ursula ment, and ease conditions for international commerce on our Neder, Criminal Intelligence Officer, INTERPOL; and Cdr. waterways” (see Justice section).

Justice Amber Ramsey ► [email protected]

he Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) of Finland has find them.” He further stated, “[u]pholding fundamental rights offered EUR 190,000 (approx. USD 260,000) in sup- including fair trial guarantees is key to moving forward.” The T port of the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime statement also suggested that Somalia President Sheikh Sharif (UNODC) Piracy Prisoner Transfer Programme (PPTP); part Ahmed should prohibit the use of military courts in civilian of UNODC’s larger Counter-Piracy Programme. The PPTP trials and further strengthen Somalia’s civilian courts. Amnes- was created by UNODC in June 2010 in response to calls from ty International and Human Rights Watch both called on the prosecuting states for a long-term imprisonment solution for TFG to prioritise efforts to improve the human rights situation pirates convicted in their courts. The additional funding will be in Somalia and restore rule of law at the 04-06 September Na- used to support the construction of a 500-bed prison in Ga- tional Consultative Conference in Mogadishu (see Regional rowe, the capital of Puntland, to hold pirates convicted at home Issues section). and in other regional states. The project is set to begin in Sep- tember 2011 and is expected to be completed by early 2013. At a small opening ceremony, the Seychelles inaugurated a new secure prison block at Montagne Posée, the county’s main On 02 September, Amnesty International and Human Rights prison facility, with the capacity to hold 60 prisoners, reports Watch released a joint statement condemning Somalia’s Tran- Seychelles Nation. The prison block was jointly funded by the sitional Federal Government (TFG) for unfair trials and execu- Government of Seychelles and UNODC. According to the tions. The organisations called on the TFG to immediately halt article, Montagne Posée currently houses 53 convicted and 11 all executions and ensure that the country’s military court re- suspected Somali pirates that will soon be transferred to the spects basic international fair trial standards. As stated by Hu- new facility. According to the Seychelles Minister of Home man Rights Watch Africa Director Daniel Bekele, “[u]nfair Affairs, Environment and Transport Joel Morgan, “[t]his new trials and executions are no answer for lack of accountability prison facility is also an important symbol of the joint commit- in Somalia, no matter how politically expedient the TFG may

Page 2 20 September 2011 ment between the Government of Seychelles and partners from of piracy to a European country. A court in Brussels has al- the European Union to strengthen the criminal justice system ready sentenced another suspect in the same incident to 10 in Seychelles.” Earlier in the same week, at the international years in prison, which was the first pirate case to be held in the anti-piracy conference co-hosted by the Seychelles Govern- country. ment, entitled, “Piracy: Orchestrat- ing a Response”, Seychelles Presi- According to Tamil News Network (TNN), 120 captured Somali pi- dent James Michel noted that the “Unfair trials and executions are no answer for lack of piracy problem is taking a heavy rates will face trial at the Sewri accountability in Somalia, no matter how politically toll on regional states. He added fast-track court in India, begin- that many regional states lack the expedient the TFG may find them”. ning on 20 September 2011. The capacity and resources to prosecute 120 pirates were captured in four and imprison pirates. According to Daniel Bekele separate operations conducted by the Seychelles Tourism Board, Africa Director, Human Rights Watch the Indian and the President Michel called on the in- Indian earlier this year. ternational community to do more Meanwhile, India’s Permanent to tackle the financing of piracy, saying, “[w]e must build on Representative to the UN, the already strong law enforcement networks that have been Hardeep Singh Puri, who has repeatedly called on the interna- built to fight money laundering and trace the funds that finance tional community to address the “serious” issue of piracy, re- terrorism. We must also be prepared to be innovative and al- cently indicated his country’s willingness to work with UN low regional mechanisms that go beyond national jurisdictions Security Council members on a draft resolution to establish a to seize proceeds of crime”. legal mechanism for the prosecution and detention of pirates. He told journalists, “[w]e also stand ready to help in capacity In related news, the Seychelles will extradite a Somali man to building of the TFIs [Transitional Federal Institutions] and the Belgium who is suspected of taking part in the hijacking of a states in the region for effective measures against piracy off Belgian frigate two years ago. According to a government the coast of Somalia”, according to Press Trust of India (PTI). statement cited by Agence France-Presse (AFP), this will be the first time the Seychelles has extradited a person suspected

Security Britta Rinehard ► [email protected]

onflicting reports have surfaced concerning the where- Colombo and the crew member. abouts of Judith Tebbutt, a British citizen abducted C from the Kiwayu Safari Village resort in Kenya on 11 EU NAVFOR reported on the Russian Federation’s ASW war- September. The true identity of her abductors remains in ques- ship RFS SEVEROMORSK, part of the coalition of warships tion. Among the differing accounts, The Sun reported on 19 that escorted the M\V Medi Chennai. The World Food Pro- September, that Mrs. Tebbutt was taken by Somali warlords gramme (WFP) vessel was traveling through the Red Sea to and currently being held in Kismayo. On the same day, alt- Djibouti, carrying 45,936 metric tons of wheat. The destroyer hough not providing specifics about the location, CNN report- SEVEROMORSK has also been the lead of a Russian task ed that she was kidnapped by Somali pirates. Still other infor- force from the Northern Fleet which included a tanker and a mation from Somalia Report, claimed that the widow of Mr. rescue tugboat escorting vessels in the Gulf of Aden and the Tebbutt was taken to Hobyo in Mudug region by al Shabaab, Red Sea. Their anti-piracy mission has concluded and they are an Islamist militant group. Somalia’s Shabelle Media Network on their way home. alleged that Mrs. Tebbutt had been captured by Somali pirates NATO Allied Command Operations (ACO) issued a press and was being held in Haradhere town of Mudug region. Since her abduction, BBC reports that two Kenyan men have been release about the visit of the NATO Counter Piracy Flag Ship arrested for alleged links to the case. An article release by Reu- ITS ANDREA DORIA in Mombasa. Rear Admiral Gualtiero ters on19 September stated that one of the men, Kenyan Ali Mattesi and the Commanding Officer of the ITS ANDREA Babitu Kololo, was charged with robbery, violence and kid- DORIA, Capt. Fabrizio Cerrai, hosted a meeting on board the napping with intention to murder. ship with the Kenyan navy and local authorities to “assure them that NATO remains firm in its commitment to fighting In other news, the French Sailing Yacht (SY) Tribal Kat was piracy in the region”. NATO has extended its counter-piracy attacked by pirates on 08 September, killing one crew member mission, Operation Ocean Shield, until December 2012 with and the owner of the vessel, Mr. Colombo. His wife survived forces currently contributed by Italy, Portugal and the United the attack and was allegedly taken hostage after being trans- States. ferred to a Somali pirate skiff. Two days later, EU NAVFOR forces successfully achieved the release of Mrs. Colombo On Tuesday, 06 September, Reuters announced that the con- when forces approached the skiff and it capsized after an ex- tainer ship MV Panama was released after a ransom of USD 7 change of fire. Seven suspects were arrested and will face million was paid. The Liberian-flagged vessel and its crew of prosecution for the attack as well as the deaths of both Mr.

Page 3 20 September 2011 23 from Myanmar were hijacked by Somali pirates on 10 NAVFOR reports that 15 vessels and 321 hostages are cur- December 2010 while traveling from Tanzania to Mozam- rently being held by pirates. bique. Another ship was released after a ransom was paid, the Mongolian-flagged bulker MV Hoang Son Sun and its crew BBC reported on 07 September, on the release of the Danish of 24 Vietnamese nationals were release on 15 September, family Johansen and their two deckhands after a ransom of Reuters reported. The bulk carrier was hijacked off the coast USD 3 million was paid. The parents, their three children of Oman in January. According to EU NAVFOR, the ship between the ages of 12 and 16 and the two other adults were was not registered with Maritime Security Centre - Horn of hijacked on 24 February 2011. According to the Danish for- Africa (MSCHOA) and/or reporting to The UK Maritime eign ministry, they are “in relatively good condition and ex- Trade Operations (UKMTO). As of 19 September, EU pected back in Denmark shortly”.

Humanitarian Affairs—Somalia Erin Foster ► [email protected]

he United Nations Office for the Coordination of Hu- curity. The East African leaders agreed on the creation of a manitarian Affairs (OCHA) reports that the number of multi-donor trust fund for natural disasters that will be man- T Somalis arriving in Mogadishu continues to decrease, aged by the Intergovernmental Authority on Development with 5,000 internally displaced (IDPs) recorded in August (IGAD) and promoted a change from rain-fed crops to irriga- compared to 28,000 in July. The number of daily arrivals of tion techniques. Somalia’s President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed told Somalis to Kenya has similarly dropped from 1,500 to between reporters, “[…] we have agreed to an action plan which com- 1,000 and 1,200 and in Ethiopia from 1,000 to 250. The de- prises urgent humanitarian assistance to supply food aid to the crease of movement has been attributed to the mobilisation of affected people and also to approach a long term solution for aid to affected communities as well as increased security re- the recurring droughts and famine in the region.” The Emirates strictions by al Shabaab. OCHA further reports that there are News Agency reports that food security and famine in the Horn now six famine-affected areas in Somalia: Bay, Bakool, Lower of Africa will also be discussed at the Second Arab Food In- Shabelle, Middle Shabelle, the Afgooye corridor IDP settle- dustries Forum in January 2012. The United Arab Emirates ment and Mogadishu IDP community. The Food Security and will host this initiative, which the Minister of Economy, Sultan Nutrition Analysis Unit (FSNAU) predicts the spread of fam- Al Mansoori, told reporters is aimed to share lessons learned ine to the agro-pastoral areas of Gedo, Juba, Middle Shabelle and the latest technology to mitigate the impacts of drought in and Hirran by December 2011. FSNAU estimates that nearly 4 the region. million Somalis are affected by the current drought and fam- ine, with three million in southern Somalia and 750,000 people A regional meeting of experts on food security in Kenya pro- at risk of death in the coming four months. Figures provided in duced four key recommendations to prevent future famines in the latest OCHA “Somalia Famine and Drought Situation Re- the Horn of Africa, says Reuters AlertNet. The recommenda- port No.13”, indicate a total of 917,000 Somali refugees in tions include: (i) the private sector adopting new findings of neighbouring countries and 1.4 million internally displaced. scientific research, (ii) diversifying local diets, (iii) investing in The crisis continues to impact multiple sectors with immediate livestock and agriculture, and (iv) utilising irrigation methods needs ranging from food, water and sanitation, shelter, to support pastoralism. “The main drivers of the hunger crisis healthcare, and livelihood support, among others. are poor rain, high food prices and conflict”, says Mark Gor- don of the World Food Programme and the Somalia Food As- In addition to security concerns in the country, aid agencies sistance Cluster Co-Chair. Humanitarian organisations are also also face the threat of pirates in the delivery of their supplies. adapting their methods to assist vulnerable populations. The A recent article from The National (UAE), explained that aid United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) is now issuing agencies are facing increased costs for the delivery of aid sup- vouchers and cash transfers in southern Somalia to empower plies by sea due to increased insurance costs for sea cargo or families to access food and essential items from the local mar- the alternative expensive route of air freight. ket. Meanwhile, according to the Washington Post, the compo- sition of food aid is changing to include food that is highly In response to the growing crisis, a meeting was held by East nutritious and ready to eat without cooking or water, such as African leaders in Nairobi, Kenya to address the need to end the peanut-butter-based Plumpy’nut drought emergencies, culminating in the “Nairobi Action Plan”, according to Somalia Report. The Plan addressed lead- For further information, reports and maps pertaining to the ers’ concerns over the on-going drought and famine as well as drought/famine in the Horn of Africa, please see UN OCHA’s the lack of humanitarian access in Somalia as a result of inse- websites for Somalia and the Horn of Africa Crisis.

Regional Issues—Somalia Amber Ramsey ► [email protected]

head of the three-day National Consultative Confer- visit to the semi-autonomous State of Puntland to discuss ence held in Mogadishu between 04 and 06 Septem- plans for the conference and to call on Puntland’s leaders to A ber, Somali President Sheikh Sharif Ahmed paid a Page 4 20 September 2011 support the peace process, reports the United Nations News prove unrealistic considering the instability that plagues the Service. This marked the first official visit of President Ahmed country. to Puntland since becoming Somalia’s president in January 2009. United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary On 08 September, just a few days following the conclusion of General (SRSG) for Somalia, Augustine Mahiga, who assisted Somalia’s National Consultative Conference, the TFG’s in facilitating the meeting, called it “a new chapter in the rela- Council of Ministers approved the adoption of the new tions between the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and roadmap and issued a statement on the way ahead. In an effort Puntland.” During discussions, the leaders agreed that the Na- to meet one of the first deadlines outlined in the roadmap, the tional Consultative Conference, which seeks to adopt a Council of Ministers held an extraordinary meeting on 11 Sep- roadmap outlining key tasks to be undertaken by the TFG over tember to further discuss its implementation and agreed on the next 12 months, would consist of two parts, the first to be eight deadlines to further push forward the transition. Accord- held in Mogadishu and a second to be held in Garowe, the cap- ing to Somali Prime Minister Abdiweli Mohamed Gas, “[t]he ital of Puntland. implementation process of the roadmap will be inclusive of all TFIs [Transitional Federal Institutions], regional administra- Participants at the 04-06 September National Consultative tions, Ahlu Sunna and all segments of the society,” further Conference included TFG President Sheikh Sharif Ahmed, calling on “all Somalis to take part in the process.” Prime Minister Abdiweli Mohamed Gas, Speaker of the House Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden and Puntland’s President Abdirah- With the recent withdrawal of al Shabaab militants from the man Mohamed Farole, along with a 25-member delegation capital city of Mogadishu, experts agree that now is an ex- from Puntland and the local administrations of the semi- tremely important time for the TFG. As stated by SRSG Ma- autonomous region of Galmudug and the Ahlu Sunna militia. higa, “[w]ith al Shabaab in retreat and the country the focus of Neither nor al Shabaab were represented, notes international attention, this is the chance for the people of So- Agence France-Presse (AFP). The main topics discussed dur- malia to rise above parochial interests and demonstrate the ing the three-day conference included security developments, commitment to progress.” Some argue, however, that the national reconciliation, the adoption of a new constitution, and scramble has already begun for control over the recently va- government and parliamentary reforms. Participants agreed to cated al-Shabaab-controlled areas. According to The New York reach several deadlines, including the adoption of a constitu- Times, “the government is still too weak, corrupt, divided and tion by 01 July 2012 and holding parliamentary elections by 20 disorganized to mount a claim beyond Mogadishu […] leaving August 2012. In a 17-minute speech delivered during the con- clan warlords, Islamist militias and proxy forces armed by ference, Puntland President Farole noted the urgent need for foreign governments” to fill the vacuum. “viable national institutions that deliver security and social services” and pointed out major obstacles to security and de- Meanwhile, a committee appointed to combat piracy off the velopment in Somalia, including conflict and poverty, tribal- coast of Somaliland held its first meeting in the capital city of ism and ignorance, extremism and piracy, protracted civil war , reports Somaliland Press. The committee consists of and “war profiteers”. While warning that future support for the representatives from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry Somali administration would depend on the TFG reaching the of Interior, Ministry of Justice, and deadlines set out in the roadmap, SRSG Mahiga explained, “[t] independent attorneys, says the article. Somaliland’s Minister his roadmap, unlike before, there are going to be timelines, of Foreign Affairs, Mohamed Abdullahi Omar, told the media, there are going to be compliance mechanisms and there is go- “the responsibility of the committee is to look back and exam- ing to be oversight by the political leaders of the whole re- ine the possibilities on how Somaliland can co-operate with gion.” Nevertheless, observers are skeptical, says Voice of the international committees as well as taking part in playing a America (VOA), with some concerned that the timeline may vital role in the fight against piracy.”

New CFC Report: Changes in Maritime Practice as a Result of Piracy in the Gulf of Aden

Please read our latest thematic report entitled, “Changes in Maritime Practice as a Result of Piracy in the Gulf of Aden”. This paper provides an overview of changes in maritime practice as a result of piracy in the Gulf of Aden. Rerouting of vessels, group transits and the use of private security are discussed in more detail. .

We welcome your feedback and comments as well as any resources or information pertaining to this topic that we may make available to other CimicWeb users.

ENGAGE WITH US Civil.Military.Fusion.Centre [email protected] www.cimicweb.org Page 5 20 September 2011