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An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg. -
The Somali Maritime Space
LEA D A U THORS: C urtis Bell Ben L a wellin CONTRIB UTI NG AU THORS: A l e x andr a A mling J a y Benso n S asha Ego r o v a Joh n Filitz Maisie P igeon P aige Roberts OEF Research, Oceans Beyond Piracy, and Secure Fisheries are programs of One Earth Future http://dx.doi.org/10.18289/OEF.2017.015 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS With thanks to John R. Hoopes IV for data analysis and plotting, and to many others who offered valuable feedback on the content, including John Steed, Victor Odundo Owuor, Gregory Clough, Jérôme Michelet, Alasdair Walton, and many others who wish to remain unnamed. Graphic design and layout is by Andrea Kuenker and Timothy Schommer of One Earth Future. © 2017 One Earth Future Stable Seas: Somali Waters | i TABLE OF CONTENTS STABLE SEAS: SOMALI WATERS .......................................................................................................1 THE SOMALI MARITIME SPACE ........................................................................................................2 COASTAL GOVERNANCE.....................................................................................................................5 SOMALI EFFORTS TO PROVIDE MARITIME GOVERNANCE ..............................................8 INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS TO PROVIDE MARITIME GOVERNANCE ..........................11 MARITIME PIRACY AND TERRORISM ...........................................................................................13 ILLEGAL, UNREPORTED, AND UNREGULATED FISHING ....................................................17 ARMS TRAFFICKING -
The Palingenesis of Maritime Piracy and the Evolution of Contemporary Counter-Piracy Initiatives
THE PALINGENESIS OF MARITIME PIRACY AND THE EVOLUTION OF CONTEMPORARY COUNTER-PIRACY INITIATIVES BY ROBERT COLM MCCABE, M.A. THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF Ph.D. DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, MAYNOOTH HEAD OF DEPARTMENT Dr Jacinta Prunty SUPERVISOR OF RESEARCH Dr Ian Speller December 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents............................................................................................................. i Dedication.......................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments............................................................................................. v Abbreviations.................................................................................................... vii List of figures..................................................................................................... x INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER I - MARITIME PIRACY: A TWENTIETH-CENTURY PALINGENESIS? 1.1 Introduction and general context...................................................... 20 1.2 Early legal interpretations and historical evolution......................... 22 1.3 Twentieth century legal evolution.................................................... 25 1.4 Resurgence of maritime piracy in the nineteenth century................ 31 1.5 Suppression of maritime piracy in the nineteenth century............... 37 1.6 Pre-war period (1900-14)................................................................ -
IONS PREPARATORY WORKSHOP HOSTED by the KENYA NAVY at MOMBASA from 01 – 02 OCTOBER 2009 PURPOSE the Preparatory Workshop Wa
IONS PREPARATORY WORKSHOP HOSTED BY THE KENYA NAVY AT MOMBASA FROM 01 – 02 OCTOBER 2009 PURPOSE The preparatory workshop was aimed at providing a forum where member navies would be able to deliberate and discuss common interest issues in the spirit of promoting new avenues of enhancing friendship and professional cooperation in the IOR at the end of which it was expected that a finalized list of Agenda items and theme for the IONS Summit – 2010 would be agreed upon. The workshop evidenced participation by nominees from 15 member navies each of who made invaluable contributions and recommendations making this activity a truly all inclusive process. SESSION 1 – OPENING CEREMONY The Commander of the Kenya Navy, Major General S J Mwathethe outlined that the primary aim of IONS was to create Allied Naval Partnerships, establish a high degree of inter-operability, share information and to explore ways to overcome trans-national maritime threat, natural disasters and maintain good order at sea. In his key note address, the Chief Guest, Lt Gen J W Karangi VCGS, Kenya Armed Forces, applauded the conceivers of the IONS initiative and the member navies for efforts towards mitigating maritime insecurity in the IOR. He also noted that Indian Ocean Sea Lanes of Communication are heavily relied upon by world economies for trade, and the current threats of piracy and armed robbery at sea dictate an increased naval cooperation and interaction which can only be attained through coordinated efforts like sharing of information, experiences and ideas. SESSION 2/3 – PRESENTATIONS The workshop adopted its schedule as a basis for their discussion with a view to giving recommendations for the IONS meeting to be held in UAE in March 2010. -
2019 Programmatic Overview 1
IOM SOMALIA 2019 PROGRAMMATIC OVERVIEW 1 2019 PROGRAMMATIC OVERVIEW SOMALIA IOM SOMALIA 2019 PROGRAMMATIC OVERVIEW 2 In Memorium IOM stands in solidarity with the people of Somalia who have suffered numerous deadly attacks on civilians during the course of 2019. We are deeply saddened by the terrible loss of one of our colleagues, Abdifatah Mohamed Abdow, who dedicated his life and work to Somalia. IOM extends its deepest condolences to the families and loved ones of all those who lost their lives in Kismayo in July 2019. IOM SOMALIA 2019 PROGRAMMATIC OVERVIEW 3 Cover photo: A family benefited from IOM’s Baidoa relocation project © IOM Somalia 2019 IOM staff organizing the relocation of IDP families in Baidoa © IOM Somalia 2019 DISCLAIMER: The names and boundaries shown do not imply official endorsement nor acceptance by IOM. They are meant for illustrative purposes. EDITOR: Erin Bowser, Jan Van’t Land, Yuko Tomita LAYOUT DESIGN: Claudia Barrios Rosel IOM SOMALIA 2019 PROGRAMMATIC OVERVIEW 4 IOM SOMALIA 2019 OVERVIEW CONTENTS IOM OVERVIEW 2019 HIGHLIGHTS HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Health Shelter and Non-Food Items (S-NFI) STABILIZATION, RECOVERY AND DURABLE SOLUTIONS Recovery and Durable Solutions (RDS) Somalia Stabilization Initiative (SSI) Disengagement, Disassociation, Reintegration and Reconciliation (DDRR) MIGRATION GOVERNANCE & DEVELOPMENT Immigration and Border Management (IBM) Labour Mobility and Human Development (LHD) Migrant Protection and Assistance (MPA) IOM SOMALIA 2019 PROGRAMMATIC OVERVIEW 5 1/ IOM OVERVIEW Established in 2006, IOM Somalia has set a strong record on the delivery of frontline services to crisis-affected populations, while steadily developing models and partnerships for longer term recovery and migration governance. -
Maritime Security Issues on the East Coast of Africa
QuickTime™ and a QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. are needed to see this picture. MARITIME SECURITY ISSUES ON THE EAST COAST OF AFRICA SAS DRAKENSBERG MOMBASA HARBOUR 26 NOVEMBER 2007 CONFERENCE REPORT Introduction A South African Navy Ship, the SAS Drakensberg, visited Kenya during late November and was in Mombasa harbour on the 26th of November 2007. The SA Navy kindly consented that the ISS may host a one-day conference on board the SAS Drakensberg on this day and the Hanns Seidel Foundation agreed to fund the event. Rationale for the Conference This opportunity, to arrange a conference on board a SA Navy ship in Mombasa, presented a forum to further the mission of the ISS ‘to enhance human security in Africa’ as well as that of the Hanns Seidel Foundation ‘in the service of democracy, peace and development’. Africa has many maritime interests, including trade and the use of its marine resources to support development on the continent. Unfortunately, these resources are illegally plundered by others (illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is an example) and free trade is hampered by phenomena such as piracy and organised crime. This is to the disadvantage of the people of the African continent. At the same time, little is being done in Africa to protect these interests and resources. The Common African Defence and Security Policy (CADSP), in addressing threats to peace, security and development pays little attention to the maritime dimensions thereof. The African Standby Force, as an instrument for the implementation of the CADSP, also does not address maritime forces or their contribution to African security and development. -
Hargeisa, Somaliland – Invisible City David Kilcullen
FUTURE OF AFRICAN CITIES PROJECT DISCUSSION PAPER 4/2019 Hargeisa, Somaliland – Invisible City David Kilcullen Strengthening Africa’s economic performance Hargeisa, Somaliland – Invisible City Contents Executive Summary .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Key Facts and Figures .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 Introduction .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Invisible City .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Clan and Camel .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 Observations on urban-rural relations .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 Diaspora and Development .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 Observations on Banking, Remittances and Financial Transfers .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 A Two-Speed City .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 Observations on Utilities and Critical Infrastructure .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 The Case for International Recognition .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 Observations on International Recognition .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 Ports and bases .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 21 Human Capital .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 22 The Diaspora ‘Brain Gain’ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . -
ROUGH SEAS: the CAUSES and CONSEQUENCES of FISHERIES CONFLICT in SOMALI WATERS
ROUGH SEAS THE CAUSES and CONSEQUENCES of FISHERIES CONFLICT IN SOMALI WATERS This page intentionally left blank ROUGH SEAS: THE CAUSES and CONSEQUENCES of FISHERIES CONFLICT IN SOMALI WATERS Colleen Devlin Sarah M. Glaser Ciera Villegas Natasia Poinsatte January 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.18289/OEF.2020.042 Cover Image: Two fishers prepare their boat for a night of fishing at a port in Bossaso, Puntland. Photo: Tobin Jones, United Nations. Design & layout by Liz Allen, One Earth Future. This page intentionally left blank TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... iv I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 01 II. THE SOMALI REGION ................................................................................................................ 02 Civil Conflict in the Somali Region ............................................................................................................... 02 Fisheries in the Somali Region ...................................................................................................................... 03 III. RESEARCH APPROACH ............................................................................................................. 06 IV. RESULTS ......................................................................................................................................... 08 V. CONCLUSIONS -
Somalia – Country Report
GLOBAL EVALUATION OF FISHERIES MONITORING CONTROL AND SURVEILLANCE IN 84 COUNTRIES SOMALIA – COUNTRY REPORT GANAPATHIRAJU PRAMOD IUU RISK INTELLIGENCE Policy Report - Volume 1 Number 1 © Pramod Ganapathiraju MAY 2018 SUMMARY This evaluation of Fisheries Monitoring Control and Surveillance report for Somalia is one of 84 such country evaluations that covers nations landing 92% of world’s fish catch. Using a wide range of interviews and in-country consultations with both military and civilian agencies, the report exemplifies the best attempt by the author(s) at evaluation of MCS compliance using 12 questions derived from international fisheries laws. The twelve questions are divided into two evaluation fields, (MCS Infrastructure and Inspections). Complete details of the methods and results of this global evaluation would be published shortly through IUU Risk Intelligence website. Over a five-year period, this global assessment has been subjected to several cross-checks from both regional and global MCS experts familiar with compliance aspects in the country concerned. Uncertainty in assigning each score is depicted explicitly through score range. However, the author(s) are aware that gaps may remain for some aspects. The lead author remains open at any time to comments, and revisions will be made upon submission of evidence where necessary. Throughout the report, extreme precaution has been taken to maintain confidentiality of individuals who were willing to share information but expressed an inclination to remain anonymous out of concern for their job security, and information from such sources was cited as ‘anonymous’ throughout the report. Suggested citation: Pramod, G. (2018) Somalia – Country Report, 7 pages, In: Policing the Open Seas: Global Assessment of Fisheries Monitoring Control and Surveillance in 84 countries, IUU Risk Intelligence - Policy Report No. -
Budgeting for the Military Sector in Africa the Processes and Mechanisms of Control
Omitoog.qxd 19/1/06 10:30 am Page 1 Wuyi Omitoogun (Nigeria) is a This book describes and analyses the Researcher with the SIPRI Military budgetary processes for military Expenditure and Arms Production Project expenditure in eight African countries— and is the co-coordinator of the Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, SIPRI/African Security Dialogue and Recent and forthcoming SIPRI books from Oxford University Press AND HUTCHFUL OMITOOGUN Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Research project on Military Budgetary South Africa—spanning the continent’s Processes in Africa. He previously worked SIPRI Yearbook 2005: Armaments, Disarmament and International sub-regions. While the military sector in Security BUDGETING FOR at the Centre for Trans-Saharan Studies, many African states is believed to be University of Maiduguri, and Obafemi favoured in terms of resource allocation Awolowo University, both in Nigeria. His Europe and Iran: Perspectives on Non-proliferation and degree of political autonomy, it is not Edited by Shannon N. Kile publications include ‘Arms control and THE MILITARY subject to the same rules and procedures SIPRI Research Report no. 21 conflict in Africa’ in Arms Control and paperback and hardback as other sectors. In this comprehensive Disarmament: A New Conceptual study, researchers from the region Approach (UN Department for Technology and Security in the 21st Century: A Demand-Side SECTOR IN AFRICA address questions on the oversight and Disarmament Affairs, 2000) and Military Perspective control of the military budgetary process, Expenditure Data in Africa: A Survey of Amitav Mallik SECTOR IN AFRICA BUDGETING FOR THE MILITARY such as the roles of the finance and Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, SIPRI Research Report no. -
Australian Submarines from 1914 Africa's Indian Ocean Navies: Naval
ISSUE 152 JUNE 2014 Australian Submarines from 1914 Africa’s Indian Ocean Navies: Naval evolution in a complex and volatile region The Aussie military history your kids aren’t learning Cooperation or Trust: What comes first in the South China Sea? Israel Navy Dolphin-II class submarine Netherlands-Belgian Naval Squadron World Naval Developments The War of 1812: What it Means to the United States Flying the ASEAN Flag Centenary of ANZAC (Navy) The Far Flank of the Indo-Pacific: India and China in the South-West Pacific Confrontation at Sea: The Midshipman Who Almost Shot ‘The General’ JOURNAL OF THE Sponsorship_Ad_Outlines.indd 1 30/11/2013 10:43:20 PM Issue 152 3 Letter to the Editor Contents Dear Readers, As before, we require you to Australian Submarines from 1914 4 Headmark is going through conform to the Style Notes and other some changes. It will henceforth be guidelines printed at the back of the published constantly online, and paper edition, and also to be found on Africa’s Indian Ocean Navies: Naval in print twice a year, for June and the website. evolution in a complex and volatile December. The changes will bring more region 11 Publishing online will mean a steady immediacy, and less costs to the stream of articles reaching the website, ANI. Publishing world-wide is going The Aussie military history your kids which you can access at: through changes, and we are also aren’t learning 17 www.navalinstitute.com.au altering ourselves to best fit the new ANI members will have access to world. -
Ministry of Defence Memorandum to The
: . MINISTRY OF DEFENCE MEMORANDUM TO THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ON THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF DENMARK ON DEFENCE CO-OPERATION / 1.0 PURPOSE 1.1 The purpose of this Memorandum to apprise the National Assembly on the signed Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Kenya and the Government of the Kingdom of Denmark on Defence Co-operation and seek approval for its ratification. 2.0 BACKGROUND 1.2 The bilateral co-operation on defence between the Republic of Kenya and the Kingdom of Demark is currently by a Defence Co-operation Agreement dated l T" day of September 2013. I .3 The initial Agreement was approved by Cabinet at a meeting held on 13 August 2013. The initial Agreement was to remain in force for a period of five (5) years, lapsing on 16 September 2018. Owing to ongoing projects under the initial Agreement, the parties, by mutual consent agreed to renew the Agreement. 1.4 The Attorney General considered the text of the Agreement and approved the same. He further advised that despite having operated the Agreement for the last five years, the proposed renewal text ought to be subjected to ratification under the sections 3, 7, 8 and 9 of the Treaty Making and Ratification Act. A copy of the Attorney general's advisory opinion is at Annex A. 1.5 The Cabinet approved the renewal and execution of the Agreement on 22nd November 2018. The Agreement was signed on 17 July 2020 when the Kingdom of Denmark confirmed the text of the Agreement.