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The Future of Reindeer Herding Peoples

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YOUTH THE FUTURE OF REINDEER HERDING PEOPLES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Arctic Council EALLIN Reindeer Herding Youth Project 2012-2015 International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry (ICR) & Association of World Reindeer Herders (WRH) in cooperation with the UArctic EALÁT Institute (UEI). EALLIN is an Arctic Council project of the Russian Federation and Norway in partnership with the Sámi Council, UArctic and others. EALLIN is led and implemented by the Association of World Reindeer Herders in cooperation with the International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry. Cover: Arctic Lavvu dialogue in Kautokeino, March 2012, between circumpolar reindeer herding youth, teachers and HSH Prince Albert II & HSH Princess Charlene of Monaco. Pic: Riccardo Pravettoni Partners Supported by Project leader: Dr. Mikhail Pogodaev, Association of World Reindeer Herders, Yakutsk, Russia [email protected], +7 911 916 9780 Co-project leader: Anders Oskal, International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry, Kautokeino, Norway [email protected], +47 9945 0010 reindeerportal.org Mikhail Pogodaev & Anders Oskal in collaboration with (in alphabetical order): Svetlana Avelova, Piere Bergkvist, Philip Burgess, Anna Degteva, Rávdná Biret Márjá Eira, Inger Marie Gaup Eira, Ol Johan Gaup, Alena Gerasimova, Yunting Gu, Kia Krarup Hansen, Mikkel Anders Kemi, Anne-Maria Magga, Svein Disch Mathiesen, Helena Omma, Per Jonas Partapuoli, Vadim Parfenov, Elna Sara, Nechei Serotetto, Igor Slepushkin, Anne Silviken, Petter Stoor, Ksenia Tibichi, Johan Daniel Turi, Issat Turi, Ellen Inga Turi, Elena Walkeapää. Eallin means “life” in Sámi language. It is related to the word Ealát which means “good pasture conditions” and Eallu which means “herd” Pic: Yuri Kokovin R E I N D E E R have always been and remain the foundation of reindeer herding peoples’ lives. Reindeer provide people with shelter, food, clothing, security and are at the center of herding peoples’ universe, the foundation of their cultures, languages, worldviews and ways of knowing. Reindeer are also the foundation of reindeer herders’ economy. It goes without saying that reindeer herding youth are the future of reindeer peoples everywhere. Reindeer herding is an ancient livelihood practiced across the Arctic and Sub-Arctic regions, areas that have recently become the intense focus of development and policy interests, and are predicted to experience dramatic climate shifts over the next decades. Young herders today face an uncertain future. Reindeer pastures are being lost wherever they are and the full range of consequences and impacts of climate change is unclear. The conditions under which they practice herding today will likely be very different by the time they are middle aged. What kind of herding will the coming generations of herders be able to practice? The goal of the EALLIN project is to bring the voice of reindeer herding youth to the Arctic Council: the good, the not so good and most importantly, what young herders want to see changed in order that they can bring their EALLIN Kautokeino Pic: Riccardo Pravettoni livelihoods into a future which the following generations will want to choose. This report is a summary of one of the deliverables to the Arctic Council Sustainable Development Working Group project ‘EALLIN – The Voice of Reindeer Herding Youth 2012-2015’. The main goal of the project was to maintain and further develop a sustainable and resilient reindeer husbandry in the Arctic, working towards a vision of creating a better life for circumpolar reindeer herders. The full report is available for download at eallin.org. Through this project, over 160 youth from different reindeer herding peoples had the opportunity to meet each other, learning maybe as much about themselves in the process as they learned from their peers. This report is co-produced by the participants of 12 community-based workshops in Norway, Sweden and Russia, China and Mongolia, where herding youth were both organizers and participants. “For us, the reindeer is everything. If we lose the reindeer we lose our language, our culture, our traditions and the knowledge to move in the nature.” Participant, EALLIN Jokkmokk 2013 4 EALLIN Kautokeino Pic: Riccardo Pravettoni Since the future of reindeer husbandry and its traditions lies with youth, the most pressing question is whether young herders want to continue herding and under what terms? Through this work it has become apparent that young herders not only have a lot to say about the things that matter to them but also about what they think should be done to make their lives better. HOW BEST TO ENCOURAGE YOUNG HERDERS TO TALK? BRING THEM TOGETHER. As EALLIN means ‘life’, young herders wanted to stress that ‘life is good’, and they want to make it better as there are many factors that are making life ‘not so good’. Therefore we have gathered our material in a way that reflects these discussions. The challenges are many and they are as diverse as the peoples’ herding reindeer. But reindeer herding youth, just as their parents and grandparents who initiated international collaboration among reindeer peoples’ 25 years ago have found through the EALLIN process, that through dialogue, networking and communication, they gain strength from each other to meet the challenges of the future. Climate change and globalization are long-term challenges therefore our responses must also be long-term – such as investing in our youth. 5 ARCTIC LAVVU DIALOGUE A forum where herders dialogue with scientists, authorities and industry in more familiar surroundings such as traditional tent poles, fire & reindeer skins. “Lavvu” is the Sámi term for the traditional nomadic tent used in Sápmi Evenki use the term “Djuh”, Chukchi use the term “Yaranga”, Nenets and others use the “Chum” EALLIN Kautokeino Pic: Riccardo Pravettoni CO-PRODUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE EALLIN brought people together by arranging a series of community workshops in Norway, Sweden, Russia and China and involved young herders as well as scientists and experts in the field of traditional knowledge, natural resources and environment, representatives of indigenous peoples, the executive and legislative authorities, NGOs and the media. Reindeer herding youth participants included Sámi from Fennoscandia, Nenets and Khanty from the Yamal Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and Dolgany, Chukchi, Yukagir, Eveny and Evenki from the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); Russia as well as Evenki from China and Dukha from Mongolia. The project was built on the successes and methodologies of one part of the International Polar Year EALÁT project , whereby young reindeer herders interviewed reindeer herding elders about traditional land use, climate change and reindeer. EALLIN has further expanded the use of place-based community workshop methodologies developed in Arctic Council SDWG EALÁT Information. There is a strong need to use all available knowledge, including scientific and traditional knowledge to better adapt to a changing Arctic. Community-based workshops address this need and represent an arena where science and traditional knowledge meet, where reindeer herders, scientists and local authorities have been brought together in dynamic discussions on important issues related to reindeer husbandry. These workshops are a way to “co-produce”, where herders’ local observations of change and their resilience and adaptive capacity, are used to explore, analyze, interpret and understand change. They help to give an in- depth understanding of the complex human-ecological relationships in reindeer husbandry, and expand the co-production of knowledge about adaption. The hope is that information derived from these workshops could lead to new research questions and projects, where a process of co-production between herders and scientists in monitoring change could be nurtured and developed. EALLIN Kautokeino Pic: Riccardo Pravettoni 7 EALLIN FROM SÁPMI TO SAKHA 1 TROMSØ 7 AOLUGUYA January 23-26, 2012 July 26, 2013 2 KOLYMSKOE 8 SALEKHARD March 9-12, 2012 September 26, 2013 3 KAUTOKEINO 9 UMEÅ March 22-30, 2012 January 30 - February 1, 2014 4 SAINT-PETERSBURG 10 KAUTOKEINO November 30, 2012 March 24 – 27, 2014 5 JOKKMOKK 11 LAPONIA February 15-16, 2013 March 28 - 30, 2014 Joint Skype seminar with Yakutsk 12 KAUTOKEINO 6 YAKUTSK March 31, 2014 March 15-18, 2013 8 Pic: Riccardo Pravettoni 1 3, 10 9 11 12 5 2 4 8 6 7 Pic: Riccardo Pravettoni 9 The Arctic Council SDWG EALLIN project has achieved major goals: bringing young herders together, facilitating exchange of knowledge, understanding and improving adaptation practices. Through these EALLIN workshops reindeer herding youth expressed their wishes and need for new insights into matters of land use change, industry, and the shared experiences of reindeer peoples. EALLIN revealed that there is a need for new tools to meet the present and future challenges in reindeer husbandry, such as relevant education programs for herding youth, tundra and taiga Internet and innovative co-production methods. The EALLIN workshops showed that the exchange of knowledge and co-production of knowledge are necessary for a better understanding of rapid change in the Arctic and for the development of better adaptation strategies. Steps towards building capacity were seen to be key for youth if they are to thrive in traditional livelihoods such as herding. Reindeer herding youth pointed out that first of all we need to secure the physical and mental health of reindeer herders and their families since there are a lot of external stressors that can make this life
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