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Home , Atoms for Peace, Big Four Conference, Chance for Peace speech, Continuity of Government, Crusade for Freedom, Crusade in Europe

PROPAGANDA, AND : COLD AND HOT

A List of Holdings Dwight D. Presidential Library

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Compiled by: David J. Haight April 2008

INTRODUCTION

Such terms as “information,” “,” “,” “psychological strategy,” and “psychological warfare” are frequently used, often interchangeably, but are difficult to define. In preparing this guide, the Library recognizing this difficulty, have, therefore, interpreted the meanings of these related words broadly to cover actions, activities, symbols, thoughts, beliefs and media aimed at influencing public opinion at home and abroad. Efforts to “win the hearts and minds” of people have been attempted through many means including such conventional methods as and television broadcasts, public speeches, leaflets, , and the like. In addition, these efforts have covered such things as trade fairs, cultural (a term which may itself mean different things to different people), the People-to-People program as well as actions of themselves and developments within countries. For example, efforts to restore and protect civil rights for minority groups within the certainly had and continue to have an impact on opinion at home and abroad. Wide use of labels such as “Free World,” is, itself, a form of propaganda intended to influence particular audiences. One of the best known “psychological ,” C.D. Jackson, pointed out that psychological warfare (or any of its related terms) cannot be separated from the actions of the sponsoring entity (in Jackson’s case and in most instances listed herein, the United States ). Instead, each policy implemented or action taken by the government has an impact on national and/or international opinion.

This guide includes a select bibliography of works which address various aspects of information (or propaganda). Users are urged to consult these and other studies of the subject to gain a better understanding of information and propaganda activities. Please also note that given the nature of the subject matter covered by this guide, it is highly unlikely that all possible sources of documentation in the Library’s holdings on this topic are cited herein. Therefore, the guide should be considered as a supplement to, rather than a replacement for, finding aids to the Library’s 530-plus manuscript collections.

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Collections:

Adkins, Bertha S.: Papers, 1948-1971 Box 29 [Trip to , Norway, Sweden and , August-September 1959] (1) Box 30 [Trip to Finland, Norway, Sweden and Soviet Union, August-September 1959] (2)(3) Box 30 [Good-will Trip to Poland, November, 1959] (1)-(3)

Anderson, Robert B.: Papers, 1933-1989 Box 26 Miscellaneous (4) [torture of American POWs in Korea] Box 119 He-Hi (1)-(5) [H. Struve Hensel re William Godel] Box 227-229 Asia Foundation [including Asia Foundation Board meetings; budget] Box 230 Centennial Fund Campaign [American University at Beirut] Box 299 King Ranch [life in Cuban prison; Latin American reaction to Castro and Bay of Pigs] Box 323 Campbell, Paul, et al. [America Needs an ]

Aurand, Evan P.: Papers, 1934-1972 Box 8 Air War College, 1953 Study No. 3, The Current World conflict [ideological basis of conflict]

Aurand, Henry S.: Papers 1873-1978 Box 54 [Subject File:] Washington Trip (Army Commanders’ Conference), December 1950 (1)- (2) [Karl R. Bendetsen on , international and U.S. sponsored covert operations]

Bacon, Edward A.: Papers, 1864; 1896-1968 Box 25 Yarrow, Bernard “Bernie” 1964-67 [re Free Committee]

Barker, Ray W.: Papers, 1942-1946 Box 2 Leaflets dropped into occupied countries

Bauer, Robert A.: Papers, 1939-1998 (closed pending processing) Box 1 Manuscripts, Lectures, Etc. [historical issues of the VOA Broadcasts to , 1945-55; McCarty attack on the VOA] Box 1 Manuscripts, Lectures, Etc. [the art of in foreign affairs Box 1 [Women’s Training College and USIS; USIS monthly reports Box 1 Post Reports [Bauer’s coverage of the Hungarian Revolt and Crisis]

Edward L. Beach and Evan P. Aurand: Records, 1953-1961 Box 21 People-to-People Program [visit by Hope ship to Indonesia; Canberra; Italy]

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Benedict, Stephen: Papers, 1952-1960 Box 1 8-25-52 , American Legion [liberation of captive peoples; Communist expansion and ] Box 4 10-3-52 Statement to be broadcast to Countries By Radio Free Europe Box 4-5 10-8-52 San Francisco, California (1)-(3) [foreign policy speech; ] Box 8 Speech Suggestions (Mostly non-Staff) (1)-(3)

Benson, Ezra Taft: Papers, 1952-1961 Box 16 (1)-(6) [ in Russia; booklet on communist ideology]

Boillot, Claude E.: Papers, 1934-1984. Boillot served with British intelligence during II and participated in missions into Nazi occupied France. Check finding aid for complete folder list. Box 1 CALPO Box 1 Operation “Decoy” Box 1 Operation “Francois” Box 2 Reports (1)(2)

Bortman, Mark: Papers, 1956-1967. Mark Bortman was Chairman of the Civic Committee of the People-to-People Program and member of People-to-People’s National Board of Directors. His papers constitute a source of documentation on the role of cultural and personal diplomacy in fostering international understanding and consequently, projecting a positive image of America abroad. Please consult finding aid for a list of folder titles including countries, agencies, and general topics. A few selected folders are listed below. Box 3 [Department of State Course on Ideological Conflict] (1)-(3) Box 3 Hope-People-to-People Box 3-4 Information Agency 1963 (1)-(4) [includes material for 1964, 1965, 1967] Box 7 War College (1)-(3) Box 10 Dwight D. Eisenhower Box 10 Eisenhower-Chairman of PPP Box 12 Hubert H. Humphrey Box 12-13 Johnson, Lyndon B. (1)-(3) and background material Box 13 Kennedy, John F. (1)-(3) Box 15 Rowan, Carl, Director, USIA

Brownell, Herbert, Jr.: Papers, 1877-1988 Box 17 H (1)-(4) [GOP work with foreign language groups] Box 25 DR (1)(2) [ re , Korea trip] Box 27 S (1)(2) [Martha Schmidt re Radio Free Europe] Box 61 State, Secretary of (1)(2) [holdings of U.S. libraries abroad]

Bull, Harold R.: Papers, 1943-1968 Box 1 Miscellaneous Letters 25 Oct. 1943-5 July 1946 [8 folders] Contain scattered references to OSS and SOE activities

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Burns, Arthur F.: Papers, 1928-1969 Box 210 [Rylaarsdam, J. Coert. “The Arab State of Mind”, 1956]

Butcher, Harry C.: Papers, 1910-1959 Box 1-5 Correspondence 1942-1945 [scattered items regarding press relations, ] Box 16 Correspondence June 1945 [General Ed. C. Betts re OSS war crimes motion picture] Box 16 Items Concerning Operations of DDE Which Could Be Used for Speeches [POWs and war crimes]

Byroade, Henry A.: Papers, 1940-1992. Henry Byroade served as Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern, South Asian and African Affairs under President Truman and later was U.S. Ambassador to Egypt, the Union of , , the Philippines and . Box 1 Articles Miscellaneous [Arab newspapers commentary on U.S. Understanding of Arab culture]

Cabot, John M.: Papers, 1929-1978 [Microfilm copies]. John Cabot was a career foreign service officer, serving in the Department of State in Washington, DC and in posts in , Colombia, Brazil, Finland, Sweden, Poland and Yugoslavia. Reel 6-Folder #9 Yugoslavia, 1947 [Embassy correspondence] Reel 6-Folder #10 Yugoslavia, 1947 [Embassy correspondence and personal speeches] Reel 10-Folder #128 Poland 1962 [Embassy correspondence] Reel 10-Folder #129 Poland, 1962 cont. [Embassy correspondence] Reel 10-Folder #130 Poland, 1962-65 [speeches] Reel 10-Folders #131-133 Poland, 1963 [Embassy correspondence] Reel 11-Folders #135-139 [Poland 1964-1965]

Cochran, Jacqueline: Papers, 1932-75 I. General Files Series Box 98 People-to-People Program 1958 (1)(2) Box 106 People-to-People Program 1959 (1)(2) Box 106 Radio & TV Broadcasts 1959 [] Box 128 People-to-People Program 1960-61

Collins, J. Lawton: Papers, 1896-1975 Box 28 Lansdale, Edward G. () (1)(2) Box 29 Militant Liberty Plan Box 31 United States Information Agency Box 33 Advisory Committee on Non-military Instruction-DOD, 1962 (1)(2)

Combined Chiefs of Staff: Conference Proceedings, 1941-1945. Should check for discussions of policy of Unconditional and its psychological impact on Axis Powers. See for example, Box 1- CASABLANCA Conference for reference to announcement of this policy. Also see Box 3, TERMINAL Conference for application of concept to in summer of 1945.

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Cook, Gilbert R.: Papers, 1908-1959 Box 3 German Anti-Allied Propaganda, 1920s Box 5 of the U.S. Army, Study of, 1941 (1)-(3) [by H. Howell for New York Times]

Couch, Virgil L.: Papers, 1927-1980. Virgil Couch served in the Federal Administration during the Eisenhower Administration where he helped direct U.S. civil defense programs aimed at preparing the general public for a possible nuclear attack. While possibly technically not psychological warfare in a narrow sense, the materials contained within the Couch Papers reflect U.S. Government activities having psychological impact on the American people. Users should consult the finding aid for complete list of folder titles and description of the collection. A few folder titles are listed below. Box 2 Civil Defense Facts, Speakers Kit, 1955-1956 [information on fall out and evacuation; women in civil defense] Box 2 Defense Against Disaster, Speakers Kit, 1957-1958 [speeches for different audiences on civil defense] Box 3 Human Behavior under Disaster Conditions Box 3 Operation You, Your Role in Civil Defense, Information Kit, 1955

Devers, Jacob L.: Papers, 1939-1949. Microfilm copies of Papers at York County, Historical . Box 1-Reel 1 Stuttgart Data [504-631] [alleged rape of German women by French Troops] Box 1-Reel 3 Material from Captured Documents [302-390] [translation of German documents, 1944- 1945, re Ardennes campaign, Hitler’s speeches and meetings with advisors] Box 1-Reel 4 Stuttgart Notes and Copies [668-796] [behavior of French troops in Stuttgart]

Dulles, John Foster: Papers, 1951-1959 Draft Presidential Correspondence and Speeches Series Box 1 President’s Speech April 1953 (1)-(3) [ with comments by John Foster Dulles, Paul Nitze and Charles Bohlen] Box 1 Candor Speech Dec. 8, 1953 (1)-(3) [comments by John Foster Dulles, C.D Jackson and Henry Cabot Lodge] Box 1 President Eisenhower’s American Legion Speech-August 31, 1954

General Correspondence and Memoranda Series Box 1 Memos of Conversation - General J Through K (1) [C.D. Jackson re Cold War strategy] Box 1 Memos of Conversation-General J Through K (2) [Senator Knowland’s conversations including reference to Satellite resolution] Box 2 Strictly Confidential-C-D (3) [William Donovan and SEATO] Box 2 Strictly Confidential-I-K (1) [Correspondence and Memoranda] [C.D. Jackson re Hungary, political warfare, Near East, Africa, Free Europe Committee] Box 3 Strictly Confidential-M (3) [Correspondence and Memoranda] [John J. McCloy and overseas libraries, Joseph McCarthy] Box 4 [Miscellaneous Correspondence August 14, 1953-August 22, 1955] [Scott McLeod re USIA exhibit]

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Box 4 [Miscellaneous Correspondence August 15, 1956-October 11, 1956] [USIA budget proposal] Box 5 [Miscellaneous Correspondence October 12-30, 1956] [Dulles meeting with Ukranian- American group] Box 5 [Miscellaneous Correspondence November 5, 1956-December 28, 1956 [George V. Allen re Greece and Cyprus] Box 5 [Miscellaneous Correspondence May 16, 1957-August 9, 1957] [Olympic Games and Red China] Box 5 [Miscellaneous Correspondence September 5, 1957-October 24, 1957] [Harold Stassen re Little Rock desegregation]

JFD Chronological Series Box 1 Chronological-John Foster Dulles February 1953 (1)-(6) [Liberation Resolution] Box 1 Chronological March 1-17, 1953 (1)-(5) [Chance for Peace speech] Box 2 Chronological-John Foster Dulles March 18-31, 1953 (1)-(5) [RFE and VOA; Soviet Union and Eastern Europe] Box 2 Chronological-John Foster Dulles April 1-31, 1953 (1)-(6) [President’s Chance For Peace Speech; Senator Joseph McCarthy and communist books] Box 3 Chronological-John Foster Dulles June 1, 1953 (1)-(9) [overseas libraries; Walter White and books] Box 4 Chronological-John Foster Dulles July 1953 (1)-(6) [William J. Donovan; information program] Box 5 John Foster Dulles Chronological October 1953 (1)-(5) [genocide resolution; MIG pilot] Box 5 John Foster Dulles Chronological November 1953 (1)-(5) [genocide resolution] Box 7 John Foster Dulles Chronological March 1954 (1)-(4) [Radio Free Europe] Box 10 John Foster Dulles Chronological November 1954 (1)-(6) [William J. Donovan; VOA broadcasts] Box 11 John Foster Dulles Chronological February 1955 [Iron Curtain visitors] Box 11 John Foster Dulles Chronological May 1955 (1)-(4) [ and David Sarnoff’s cold war plan; Rodgers and Hammerstein and festival of American culture] Box 11 John Foster Dulles Chronological June 1955 (1)-(5) [] Box 12 John Foster Dulles Chronological August 1955 (1)-(7) [political warfare] Box 13 John Foster Dulles Chronological March 1956 (1)(2) [U.S. prestige] Box 13 John Foster Dulles Chronological July 1956 (1)(2) [East-West exchanges] Box 14 John Foster Dulles Chronological September 1956 (1)-(3) [liberation of captive peoples] Box 15 John Foster Dulles Chronological October 1957 (1)-(4) [USSR and cultural exchanges] Box 16 John Foster Dulles Chronological July 1958 (1)-(4) [Soviet exchanges] Box 16 John Foster Dulles Chronological November 1958 (1)-(3) [USIA broadcasts] Box 17 John Foster Dulles Chronological January 1959 (1)-(3) [C.D. Jackson and Hungary]

Personnel Series Box 1 Name File (Strictly Confidential) [D-F] [William Donovan and Thailand] Box 2 Name File (Strictly Confidential) [W-Y] [Whiting Willauer, Central America and C.D. Jackson] Box 3 Subject File (Strictly Confidential)-Negro Problem [consideration of black appointment for post behind Iron Curtain; representative of a non-Negro Minority group as Ambassador for cold war purposes] Box 8 Negro Ambassador [Eisenhower and positive progress in race relations] Box 10 V [Alan Valentine as President of Committee For a Free Asia] Box 16 Chron-June 1956 (1)-(4) [President’s Special Fund for sending performing artists on tour] Page 9 of 69

Box 16 Chron-September 1956 (1)-(4) [American National and Academy (ANTA)] Box 18 Chron-May 1957 (1)-(3) [American National Theater and Academy (ANTA)] Box 19 Chron File-February 1958 (1)-(3) [USIA and film festivals] Box 19 Chron File-April 1958 (1)-(3) [Boston University jazz combo; USIA and film festivals] Box 19 Chron File-May 1958 (1)-(3) [Boston University jazz-dance quintet] Box 19 Chron File-June 1958 (1)-(3) [Berlin film festival; Freedom Day Celebration and Eastern European exiles and refugees] Box 20 Chron File-November 1958 (1)(2) [educational exchanges with USSR] Box 20 Chron File - March 1959 [James Moody Jazz Band tour and U.S. cultural presentation program] Box 21 Chron File July 1959 (1)(2) [international film festivals]

Gerard C. Smith Series Box 1 Material from Gerard C. Smith’s Files 1958 (1)-(7) [psychological aspects of nuclear ; USSR propaganda] Box 2 [Notebook] General 10/1/58-1/10/59 [men of spirit (U.S.) vs. men of materialism (communists)]

Special Assistants Chronological Series Box 2 Chronological-O’Connor & Hanes March 19-31, 1953 (1)-(5) [statement re role of American Negro in international relations] Box 2 Chronological-O’Connor & Hanes April 1-31, 1953 (1)-(8) [anti-communist motion pictures and radio programs; Radio Free Europe] Box 3 Chronological-O’Connor & Hanes June 1-[30] 1953 (1)-(5) [International Information Agency; overseas libraries] Box 3 Chronological-O’Connor and Hanes July-1953 (1)-(4) [bookburning] Box 3 O’Connor-Hanes Chronological August 1953 (1)-(5) [National Committee for a Free Europe] Box 4 O’Connor-Hanes Chronological January 1954 (1)-(5) [Scott McLeod and USIA displays] Box 5 O’Connor-Hanes Chronological March 1954 (1)-(5) [U.S. information and propaganda programs] Box 6 O’Connor-Hanes Chronological August 1954 (1)-(5) [Ambassador William Donovan and SEATO; Pete Carroll re C.D. Jackson’s economic plan; Free Europe Committee] Box 9 O’Connor-Hanes Chronological October 1955 (1)-(4) [Karl Harr and Institute on Political Warfare; ] Box 9 Macomber-Hanes Chronological February 1956 (1)-(4) [Radio Free Europe] Box 11 Macomber-Drain Chronological April 1957 91)-(3) [National Symphony Orchestra and sponsored international tours] Box 11 Macomber-Drain Chronological May 1957 (1)-(3) [International University of Social Studies (Pro Deo) in Rome] Box 11 Macomber-Drain Chronological June 1957 (1)(2) [balloon testing] Box 12 Greene-Boster Chronological March 1958 (1)-(4) [U.S. overseas image] Box 12 Greene-Boster Chronological April 1958 (1)-(4) [Polish leaders’ visit to U.S.] Box 13 Greene-Boster Chronological October 1958 (1)-(3) [Free World Spiritual Values and Communist World]

Subject Series Box 1 Book-burning (1)-(6) [International Information Administration and use of Communist literature]

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Box 7 Nelson Rockefeller [United States information program; political warfare; David Sarnoff plan for waging cold war] Box 8 Yalta-Malta Papers etc. 1955 Box 8 Confidential-Memos and Letters (1)-(3) [psychological warfare] Box 12 USSR- Note of 12/21/53 re President’s Atomic Proposal of 12/8/53

Telephone Conversations Series Box 1 Telephone Memoranda (Excepting to or from ) January 1953-April 1953 (1) [C.D. Jackson and draft statement; International Information Agency reorganization; President’s Change for Peace speech] Box 1 Telephone Memoranda (Excepting to or from White House) January 1953-April 1953 (3) [psychological warfare; International Information Agency] Box 1 Telephone Memoranda (Excepting to or From White House) May-June 1953 (1) [Joseph McCarthy and Radio Berlin; East German uprising] Box 1 Telephone Memoranda (Excepting to or From White House) May-June 1953 (2) [General Smith re Thailand and Southeast Asia] Box 1 Telephone Memoranda (Except to and from White House) July-October 31, 1953 (1) [UN resolution re ; genocide convention; biological warfare charges] Box 1 Telephone Memoranda (Except to and from White House) July-October 31, 1953 (2) [, Heritage Foundation and Radio Free Europe] Box 1 Telephone Memoranda (Except to and from White House) July-Oct 31, 1953 (5) [C.D. Jackson and ] Box 2 Telephone Memoranda (Except to and From White House) November 1, 1953-December 31, 1953 (2) [Candor speech] Box 2 Telephone Memos (Except to and From White House) May 1, 1954-June 30, 1954 (2) [ re German riots] Box 2 Telephone Memos (Except to and From White House) July 1, 1954-August 31, 1954 (1) [C.D. Jackson re speech proposal] Box 2 Telephone Memos (Except to and From White House) July 1, 1954-August 31, 1954 (4) [C.D. Jackson; Henry Luce re C.D. Jackson and re Indochina] Box 2 Telephone Memos (Except to and From White House) July 1, 1954-August 31, 1954 (5) [C.D. Jackson re article on ] Box 4 Telephone Conv.-General May 2, 1955-Aug. 31, 1955 (3) [Allen Dulles re Rockefeller plan for political warfare] Box 4 Telephone Conv. –General May 2, 1955 –Aug 31, 1955 (7) [David Sarnoff plan re Cold War] Box 4 Telephone Conv. - General Sept. 1, 1955 to Dec. 1, 1955 (3) [Karl Harr and political warfare institution] Box 4 Memoranda of Telcon. General January 3, 1956-April 30, 1956 (4) [balloons] Box 5 Memoranda of Telcon. General January 3, 1956-April 30, 1956 (5) [balloons] Box 5 Memoranda of Tel. Conv. General July 12, 1956 to Sept. 29, 1956 (6) Radio Free Europe; Poland and riots] Box 7 Memoranda Tel. Conv. General September 2, 1957 to October 31, 1957 (2) [George Allen as head of USIA] Box 7 Memoranda Tel. Conv. General September 2, 1957 to October 31, 1957 (3) [Herbert Brownell and impact of Little Rock] Box 8 Memoranda Tel. Conv. General Jan. 2, 1958-March 31, 1958 (4) [C.D. Jackson and return to White House staff] Box 8 Memoranda of Tel. Conv. General June 2, 1958 to July 31, 1958 (1) [balloons and Poland] Page 11 of 69

Box 9 Memoranda of Tel. Conv. General August 1, 1958 to October 31, 1958 (4) [C.D. Jackson and Far East America Council] Box 9 Memoranda of Tel. Conv. General August 1, 1958 to October 31, 1958 (5) [C.D. Jackson and Middle East] Box 10 White House Telephone Conversations January to April 1953 [C.D. Jackson and draft of President’s Speech; Emmet Hughes and President’s speech; liberation resolutions] Box 10 White House Telephone Conversations May-December 31, 1953 (1) [C.D. Jackson and ] Box 10 White House Telephone Conversations May-December 31, 1953 (2) [C.D. Jackson and Candor speech] Box 10 White House Telephone Conversations May-December 31, 1953 (3) [Robert Johnson’s statement on books; Berlin uprising; overseas libraries; Radio Free Europe and Berlin] Box 10 White House Telephone Memos Jan. 1, 1954-June 30, 1954 (2) [C.D. Jackson; ] Box 10 Telephone Conv. White House Mar. 7, 1955 to Aug 29, 1955 (2) [executive branch and cold war strategy] Box 11 Telephone Conv. White House Sept. 1, 1955 to December 30, 1955 [Nelson Rockefeller and organizational matters; Volunteer Freedom Corp (VFC)] Box 11 Memoranda of Tel. Conv. White House January 3, 1956-August 31, 1956 (1) [Republican platform and liberation of Communist dominated countries] Box 11 Memoranda of Tel. Conv. White House September 4, 1956 to Dec. 31, 1956 (2) [Stevenson re 1952 Republican pledge on liberation] Box 12 Memoranda of Tel. Conv. White House March 1957 to Aug. 30, 1957 (1) [Crusade for Freedom] Box 12 Memoranda of Tel. Conv. White House Sept. 2, 1957 to Dec. 26, 1957 (3) [Little Rock] Box 12 Memoranda of Tel. Conv. White House Jan. 2, 1958 to March 31, 1958 (2) [C.D. Jackson] Box 12 Memoranda of Tel. Conv. White House April 1, 1958 to July 31, 1958 (1) [C.D. Jackson; planes and balloons] Box 13 Memoranda of Tel. Conv. White House April 1, 1958 to July 31, 1958 (3) [balloons] Box 13 Memoranda of Tel. Conv. White House April 1, 1958 to July 31, 1958 (4) [C.D. Jackson and psychological warfare slot] Box 13 Memoranda of Tel. Conv. White House August 1, 1958 to December 5, 1958 (1) [C.D. Jackson re Hungarian Kadar regime]

White House Memoranda Series Box 1 White House Correspondence 1953 (1) [C.D. Jackson and Berlin Conference] Box 1 White House Correspondence 1953 (2) [C.D. Jackson re USSR and Germany] Box 1 White House Correspondence 1953 (4) [Chance for Peace speech] Box 1 White House Correspondence 1953 (5) [C.D. Jackson re Voice of America; Liberation Resolution] Box 1 Meeting with the President 1953 [$100,000 Mig; Candor speech] Box 1 White House Correspondence 1954 (4) [C.D. Jackson] Box 1 Meetings with the President 1954 (1)(2) [C.D. Jackson economic plan] Box 3 Meetings with the President 1955 (3) [satellite resolution] Box 3 Meetings with the President 1955 (5) [William Donovan and Thailand] Box 4 White House Correspondence-General 1956 (5) [Quantico Panel and Geneva Conference] Box 4 Meetings with the President January 1956 through July 1956 (6) [RIAS and Eastern Europe] Page 12 of 69

Box 5 White House Correspondence-General 1957 (4) [Little Rock] Box 5 Meetings with the President 1957 (1) [U.S. disarmament proposals and world wide information campaign] Box 5 Meetings with the President 1957 (4) [USAF balloons] Box 6 Meetings with the President 1957 (5) [Arthur Larson and USIA] Box 6 White House-General Correspondence 1958 (1) [C.D. Jackson re seating of Hungarian delegates in UN] Box 6 White House-Meetings with the President 1/1-6/30/1958 (2) [balloon operations] Box 6 White House-Meetings with the President 1/1-6/30/1958 (6) [U.S. militaristic image] Box 6 White House-Meetings with the President 1/1-6/30/1958 (7) [C.D. Jackson] Box 7 White House-Meetings with the President July 1, 1958-December 31, 1958 (9) [balloons] Box 8 General Foreign Policy Matters (4) [Candor speech; C.D. Jackson]

Dwight D. Eisenhower Library: Collection of 20th Century Military Records, 1918-1959

Series I: Historical Studies Air University Box 19 78 Morale in the AAF in World War II Box 36 121 Special Operations: AAF Aid to European Resistance Movements, 1943-1945

Series II: Library Reference Publications Box 3 What the Soldier Thinks, a Monthly Digest of War Department Studies on the Attitudes of American Troops, January 1944 Box 19 Annex III: Civil Censorship (Excluding Press Censorship), Basic Preliminary Plan, Allied and Control of Germany Box 21 Annex XXVI (Education) to Basic Preliminary Plan, Allied Control and Occupation of Germany (Control Council Period) Box 21 Annex XXXIII (Denazification) of Basic Preliminary Plan for Allied Control and Occupation of Germany

Series VI: Recent Acquisitions Box 1 SHAEF Booklet “Current Combat Leaflets” 1944

Series VII: European Advisory Committee Material Box 7 OSS, R&A Branch, Study 1934.1, The Clandestine Nazi Movement in Post-War Germany Box 7 OSS, R&A Branch, Study 2189, Identification of Anti-Nazis in Germany Box 8 OSS, R&A Branch, Study 3110, Leadership Principle and Criminal Responsibility

Eisenhower, Dwight D.: Papers, Pre-Presidential, 1916-1952 Box 2 Adcock, C.L [Crusade for Freedom; Polish Army units] Box 10 Benton, William (1)(2) [information–propaganda program; expanding information program] Box 11 Biddle, Anthony [memorandum to Biddle re psychological warfare] Box 13 Bracken, Brendan [British Minister of Information] Box 21 Catlin, George (2) [propaganda and NATO] Box 22 Churchill, Winston (8) [correspondence re propaganda and censorship] Box 24 Clay, Lucius D. (6) Crusade for Freedom] Page 13 of 69

Box 25 Collins, J. Lawton (3) [re of Arthur Godfrey for propaganda purposes] Box 33 Davis, Elmer [Director, OWI] Box 35 Donovan, William [OSS Director] Box 41 Floege, Ernest F. [organizer of a resistance network in occupied Europe] Box 42 Forrestal, James (2) [Secretary of Army Kenneth Royall report on European Military situation in early 1949] Box 42 Forrestal, James (5) [psychological warfare] Box 45 Gailey, Charles K. Jr. [observations about U.S. morale, war effort] Box 48 Gray, Gordon [Director, Psychological Strategy Board] Box 51 Henm-Heral (Misc.) [interrogation report of Oscar Henschel, German industrialist and Nazi sympathizer] Box 52 Hoffman, G-Hoffr (Misc.) Gen. Tokarzewski, leader of Polish underground during WWII] Box 55 Harriman, W. Averell (3)(5) [need for skillful propaganda to counter Communist agenda; Arthur Godfrey and propaganda] Box 55 Hartle, Russell P. [Axis propaganda re disaffected behavior of American soldiers; need for positive propaganda to promote Anglo-American partnership] Box 58 Huebner, Clarence R. [a “subversive” editorial re editorial policy of The Stars and Stripes] Box 58 Hughes, Everett (3) [memo re release of casualty figures] Box 61 Jackson, C.D. [Deputy Chief of Psychological War Division, SHAEF; psychological warfare activities in the West] Box 66 Keyes, Geoffrey [occupation forces and morale, administration; denazification program] Box 71 Lee, John C.H. [film for morale purposes, elimination of Nazism; the Army Talks Program] Box 73 McGre, MacGre-McKel, MacKel (Misc.) [B.M. McKelway re inspection of European concentration camps by American newspapermen] Box 75 McCloy, John J. (1)-(3) [German evaluations of NATO; administration of of Germany] Box 75 McClure, Robert A. [Chief PWD, SHAEF; reports re German reactions to Allied propaganda] Box 76 McNarney, Joseph T. (1)(2) [U.S. military forces in Germany; editorial policies for Stars and Stripes] Box 79 Macmillan, Harold [Italian government, political figures and armistice] Box 80 Marshall, George C. (1)-(12) [French morale; civil government in Germany; future occupation of Germany; importance of soldiers understanding causes and effects of the war] Box 87 OD-OE (Misc.) [Gen. John O’Daniel re “Combat Principles of the Cold War”] Box 89 Pil-Pit (Misc.) [Walther B. Pitkin re psychological warfare] Box 90 PRO-PULI (Misc.) [Eisenhower memorandum re censorship] Box 90 Paley, William S. Box 91 Patton, George S. Jr. (1) [denazification policy; statement re U.S. and Britain ruling the world; censorship problems] Box 93 Price, Byron [Director, Office of Censorship; report to President Truman re relations between U.S. occupation forces and German people] Box 94 Aral-Ran (Misc.) [H.R. Ramsdell re use of balloons for propaganda] Box 96 Ron-Roose (Misc.) [J.E. Ron re need to re-educate German children about Nazism and ultra-nationalism] Box 102 Sherl-Shev (Misc.) [Arthur Godfrey for information dissemination; Robert Sherwood re negative criticism of in England] Page 14 of 69

Box 104 Soci-Soll (Misc.) [Eisenhower’s order establishing freedom of press for Stars and Stripes] Box 106 Sarnoff, David [recommendations for a Voice of America to combat Russian propaganda] Box 107 Sherwood, Robert E. [head of Overseas Branch, Office of War Information; release of Darlan message; C.D. Jackson’s assignment to North Africa] Box 109 Smith, Walter B. [censorship] Box 111 Stars and Stripes [G.I ; 1945 survey re soldier opinion of the paper; Eisenhower commendations of the newspaper] Box 111 Stimson, Henry [treatment of Jews in U.S. Zone Germany; postwar administration of Germany] Box 112 Sulzberger, Arthur H. (2) [importance of improving military’s I and E programs] Box 113 Surles, A.D. (1)(2) [; public feeling in America and military situation in Europe; Japanese propagandist, ; censorship policies; negative impact of creating newspaper heroes] Box 113 Swope, Herbert Bayard (1) [correspondence re Eisenhower’s talking too much] Box 114 Tex-Thomas, C (Misc.) [religious programming for Voice of America] Box 116 Thompson, Paul W. [Chief, Information and Education Division, ETO; USSR and the Red soldier] Box 116 Truman, Harry S. (4) [civil control of German government] Box 150-151 Military Government of Germany: Monthly Report of Military Governor; Weekly Information Bulletin Box 155 Post-Hostilities Handbook Governing Policy and Procedure for the Military Occupation of Western Europe following VE Day

Eisenhower, Dwight D.: Papers as President of the United States, 1952-1961 (Ann Whitman File) Administration Series Box 2 Allen, George V.-U.S. I A. [June 1958-Nov 1959] Box 4 Atomic Energy Commission, 1955-56 (1)-(8) [report “Human Effects of Nuclear Weapons Development”] Box 5 Atoms for Peace [Sept. 1953- Nov. 1956] Box 9 Operation “Candor” (1)(2) [Eisenhower’s Atoms for Peace speech] Box 13 Dulles, Allen (1)-(4) Box 21-22 Jackson, C.D. [1953-1960] [should check all folders; key advisor to President on psychological warfare; Atoms for Peace; overseas libraries, Italian elections; Indochina; Bermuda Conference, Soviet vulnerabilities; Berlin Conference; Quantico Conference; Radio Free Europe; Hungarian uprising; Eastern Europe; Eisenhower’s speech before 15th U.N. General Assembly; ] Box 22 Jackson, William H. [Operations Coordinating Board and coordination of policies] Box 23 Lodge, Henry Cabot 1952-53 (1) [world reaction to Eisenhower’s Atoms For Peace speech] [may want to check other Lodge folders in Boxes 23-24] Box 25 Luce, Clare Boothe [Ambassador to Italy, 1953-1956; Italy; Trieste; U.S. foreign policy; Russian atomic power] Box 28 Nixon, Richard M. (4) [Crusade for Freedom] Box 29 Psychological Warfare [1952-1953] Box 30 Rockefeller, Nelson 1952-1955 (1)-(4) [Quantico Conference; American public opinion on international issues; psychological warfare] Box 31 Rockefeller, Nelson, 1956-57 (1)-(5) [USIA public opinion trends; Foreign Ministers’ Conference, 1955] Page 15 of 69

Box 32 Rosenberg Case Statement [1953; international impact] Box 33 Sprague Committee [President’s Committee on] Information Activities Abroad [1960] [report covering U.S. psychological warfare and international information programs; topics covered include radio broadcasting; Free Europe Committee; voluntary foreign aid; unattributed activities; image of America abroad] Box 37 USIA [United States Information Agency] (1)(2) [1953-1961]

Ann C. Whitman (ACW) Diary Series Box 1 ACW Diary Nov.-Dec. 1953 (2) [phone call from C.D Jackson re Operation Candor] Box 1 ACW Diary January 1954 (3) [international information activities] Box 3 ACW Diary August 1954 (3) [C.D. Jackson re foreign policy including psychological warfare] Box 3 ACW Diary November 1954 (1) [U.S. information program] Box 5 ACW Diary May 1955 (2) [Nelson Rockefeller; USIA; Knowland’s proposed cold war strategy board; Eisenhower and definition of “Cold War”] Box 5 ACW Diary June 1955 (4) [psychological warfare] Box 6 ACW Diary July 1955 (1)(2) [Open Skies proposal; Geneva Conference] Box 6 ACW Diary August 1955 (5) [U.S. information program] Box 10 ACW Diary June 1959 (2) [USIA] Box 11 ACW Diary November 1959 [U.S. propaganda activities]

Cabinet Series (See also Cabinet Series in Records of White House Staff Secretary for handwritten notes of Cabinet meetings] Box 1 Cabinet meeting of February 25, 1953 [C.D. Jackson presentation on psychological warfare] Box 1 Cabinet Meeting of March 6, 1953 [Stalin’s death] Box 2 Cabinet Meeting of March 27, 1953 [psychological warfare] Box 2 Cabinet Meeting of April 24, 1953 [Eisenhower’s speech before American Society of Newspaper Editors (Chance for Peace Speech)] Box 2 Cabinet Meeting of July 10, 1953 [information center libraries overseas] Box 3 Cabinet Meeting of August 18, 1954 [International Trade Fair and cultural relations] Box 5 Cabinet Meeting of July 1, 1955 [Theodore Streibert briefing on communist propaganda] Box 10 Cabinet Meeting of March 21, 1958 [U.S. militaristic image in Far East] Box 14 Cabinet Meeting of November 6, 1959 [harm to foreign relations caused by racial discrimination] Box 15 Cabinet Meeting of December 11, 1959 [book On the Beach and concern over psychological impact on American people concerning nuclear war] Box 15 Cabinet Meeting of March 4, 1960 [Air Force manual alleging Communist infiltration of churches]

Campaign Series Box 20 Livingston-Long [Eisenhower letter to Henry Cabot Lodge re Poland, Katyn Massacre]

DDE Diary Series Box 3 DDE Diary Aug-Sept 1953 (1)(2) [$100,000 MIG] Box 3 DDE Diary October 1953 (1)-(4) [C.D. Jackson speech] Box 4 DDE Diary December 1953 (1)(2) [Eisenhower’s Atoms for Peace speech; Psychological Warfare Board and Korea] Box 5 Phone Calls July-Dec. 1953 (1)(2) [Atoms for Peace] Box 5 DDE Diary-January 1954 (1)(2) [Sigurd Larmon as replacement for C.D. Jackson] Page 16 of 69

Box 6 DDE Diary April 1954 (1)-(3) [letter to C.D. Jackson re foreign economic policy; Eisenhower re Robert McClure and psychological warfare] Box 11 DDE Diary August 1955 (1)(2) [Eisenhower to Nelson Rockefeller re psychological warfare and coordination of government operations] Box 11 DDE Diary-November 1955 (1)(2) [Radio Free Europe; Eisenhower to Edgar Eisenhower re musicians in propaganda abroad] Box 16 July ’56 Miscellaneous (1)-(3) [Eisenhower to Eugene Holman on Radio Free Europe] Box 17 Aug. ’56 Diary-Staff Memos [memcon, Eisenhower, Streibert, Washburn, etc. re People-to-People conference; Senator Bush re platform mention of liberation of people behind Iron Curtain] Box 19 Oct. ’56 Diary-Staff memos [Hungary] Box 19 Nov. ’56 Diary-Staff Memos [Eisenhower conversation re Hungary and Cardinal Mindszenty] Box 20 Nov. ’56 Miscellaneous (1)-(4) [Eisenhower to C.D. Jackson re Hungary] Box 26 August 1957-Memo on Appts. (1)(2) [reaction to Eisenhower’s Islamic Center address; report re People-to-People program] Box 27 DDE Diary Oct. 1957 [letter, Eisenhower to Frank Altschull re USSR, expansion of communism in world and American free society] Box 27 October ’57 Staff Notes (1)(2) [People-to-People program; Little Rock] Box 30 DDE Dictation Jan. 1958 [Eisenhower to C.D. Jackson re position as Under Secretary of State; Eisenhower to Herter re cultural exchanges with USSR] Box 31 DDE Dictation March 1958 [U.S.-USSR exchange] Box 31 Telephone Calls April 1958 [Eisenhower to Dulles re C.D. Jackson and psychological warfare] Box 32 May 1958-Staff Notes (1)(2) [Abbott Washburn on Spyros Skouras and Russian film exchange] Box 33 Toner Notes-May 1958 (1)(2) [Soviet Bloc propaganda on Vice President’s trip] Box 33 May 1958 DDE Dic. [memo re Strauss appointment and Atoms for Peace] Box 33 Telephone Calls-May 1958 [Eisenhower-Dulles re anti-American feeling in world] Box 33 June 1958-Staff Notes (1)-(3) [Brussels exhibit including memorandum of conversations and discussion of “Unfinished Business” exhibit] Box 34 Telephone Calls-July 1958 [John Foster Dulles and C.D. Jackson’s services] Box 35 Staff Memos July 1958 (1)(2) [Eisenhower and George V. Allen re radio operations in Middle East] Box 35 August 1958 Telephone Calls [Eisenhower to C.D. Jackson re Middle East speech drafts] Box 35 August 1958-Staff Notes (1)-(3) [USIA broadcast facilities] Box 37 DDE Dictation-Nov. 1958 [C.D. Jackson letter on Hungary] Box 37 Staff Notes Nov. 1958 [OCB and U.S. fair in ] Box 37 DDE Dictation-Dec. 1958 [George V. Allen re VOA] Box 38 DDE Diary-Dec. 1958 [Kadar regime in Hungary and C.D. Jackson] Box 38 Staff Notes-Jan. 1959 (1)(2) [C.D. Jackson call re Willie Brandt visit as symbol to Europe and Germany] Box 39 Staff Notes March 1-15, 1959 (1)(2) [Hagerty, Leslie Glass of British Information Services re public statements by Macmillan during visit to Washington] Box 40 Staff Notes March 15-31, 1959 [Eisenhower conference with George V. Allen re Moscow Exhibit, People-to-People program, reorganization of USIA] Box 42 Staff Notes June 1-15, 1959 (1)(2) [Robert Thayer, Senator Fulbright re educational and cultural exchanges; Moscow Exhibit] Box 42 Staff Notes June 16-30, 1959 (1)(2) [Congresswoman Frances Bolton, Mrs. Zelma George and People-to-People program] Page 17 of 69

Box 43 DDE Dictation July 1959 (1)(2) [C.D. Jackson on meeting on Cold War] Box 45 Staff Notes October 1959 (1)(2) [Eisenhower re People-to-People] Box 46 DDE Dictation January 1960 [Eisenhower to C.D. Jackson re President’s Committee on Information Activities Abroad] Box 49 DDE Dictation April 1960 [Eisenhower re spiritual values and world situation] Box 52 DDE Dictation September 1960 [Eisenhower to C.D. Jackson re Khrushchev and ]

Dulles-Herter Series Box 1 Dulles, John F. June 1953 (1) [overseas libraries] Box 1 Dulles, John F. Sept. 1953 [$100,000 MIG] Box 2 Dulles, John F. Nov. 1953 [Berlin riots and psychological warfare] Box 2 Dulles, Feb. 1954 (1) [C.D. Jackson at Berlin] Box 2 Dulles, March 1954 (2) [Soviet Union and post-Berlin “psyche”] Box 3 Dulles, John Foster May 1954 (4) [Soviet aide-memoire re Atoms for Peace] Box 5 Dulles, John Foster March 1955 [American cultural festival in Paris] Box 5 Dulles, John Foster July 1955 [Lansdale and the Philippines] Box 7 Dulles, Foster, Sept. 1956 (2) [C.D. Jackson and visas for trips to Communist China; Adlai Stevenson and liberation pledge in Republican platform] Box 8 Dulles, John Foster June 1957 [Voice of America and propaganda] Box 9 Dulles, John Foster August 1957 (2) [Voice of America broadcasting policy] Box 9 Dulles, John Foster September 1957 (1) [SEATO and information activities] Box 9 Dulles, John Foster November 1957 (1) [Brussels Fair] Box 9 Dulles, John Foster January 58 (1) [U.S.-USSR exchange] Box 10 Dulles, John Foster March 1958 (1) [Eisenhower’s Chance For Peace speech; U.S.-USSR armaments and student exchange] Box 10 Dulles, John Foster November 1958 [C.D. Jackson re Hungary] Box 10 Dulles, John Foster December 1958 [spiritual values of free world]

International Series Box 1 Albania Box 3 Bermuda-Pres Notes 12/53 (1)(2) [Atoms for Peace] Box 5 Bulgaria Box 8 Box 14 Germany 1953 (1)-(6) Box 28 Hungarian (1)(2) Box 28 Hungary, Mindzenty, Cardinal Box 33 Italy (1)-(9) Box 49-53 USSR, Bulganin, Khrushchev folders Box 54 Yugoslavia

International Meetings Series Box 1 Bermuda-State Dept. Rpt –TOP SECRET (1)(3) Box 1 Bermuda-Hagerty Notes Box 1 Bermuda-British Memorandum Box 1 Geneva Conference July 18-23, 1955 (1)(2) [Folder 1] Box 2 Geneva Conference July 18-23, 1955 [Folders 1 and 2] Box 2 Geneva Notes-Goodpaster, Maj. , Ann C. Whitman

Page 18 of 69

Legislative Meetings Series Box 1 Meeting of February 16 [Supplementary Notes re secret agreements] Box 1 Meeting of March 2 [resolution on secret agreements] Box 1 Meeting of March 22, 1955 [memorandum re USIA] Box 1 Meeting of March 29 [USIA appropriations] Box 1 Bipartisan Congressional Luncheon Meeting, March 30, 1955 [Four-Power Conference and Russians use for propaganda purposes] Box 2 Meeting of June 8, 1955 [USIA] Box 2 Meeting of March 13, 1956 [USIA] Box 2 Meeting of May 8, 1957 [memorandum re Brussels Exhibition] Box 3 Meeting of June 5, 1958 [memorandum re USIA appropriations; Brussels Fair] Box 3 Meeting of June 17, 1958 [Brussels Fair] Box 3 Meeting of July 16, 1958 [Voice of America] Box 3 Meeting of July 29, 1958 [USIA supplemental appropriation] Box 3 Meeting of August 12, 1958 [USIA broadcast facilities; Surrender Studies] Box 3 Meeting of August 19, 1958 [USIA]

Miscellaneous Series Box 5 President’s Committee on International Information Activities Report to the President June 30, 1953 [Jackson Committee report covering U.S. psychological warfare activities, overt and otherwise]

NSC Series Box 4 131st Meeting February 11, 1953 [use of radio] Box 4 132nd Meeting of NSC, February 18, 1953 [Volunteer Freedom Corps] Box 4 134th Meeting of NSC, February 25, 1953 [Volunteer Freedom Corps] Box 4 135th Meeting of NSC, March 4, 1953 [USSR and Stalin] Box 4 140th Meeting of NSC, April 22, 1953 [Eisenhower’s Speech of April 16] Box 4 141st Meeting of NSC, April 28, 1953 [Eisenhower’s Speech of April 16] Box 4 143rd Meeting of NSC, May 6, 1953 [Thailand] Box 4 144th Meeting of NSC, May 13, 1953 [Thailand] Box 4 145th Meeting of NSC, May 20, 1953 [Volunteer Freedom Corps] Box 4 149th Meeting of NSC, June 9, 1953 [electro-magnetic communications] Box 4 150th Meeting of NSC, June 18, 1953 [; Czechoslovakia] Box 4 151st Meeting of NSC, June 25, 1953 [Czechoslovakia; Eastern Europe] Box 4 152nd Meeting of NSC, July 2, 1953 [report by President’s Committee on International Information Activities] Box 4 153rd Meeting of NSC, July 9, 1953 [electromagnetic communications; Eastern Europe; Volunteer Freedom Corps Box 4 Minutes of 155th Meeting of NSC, July 16, 1953 [] Box 4 157th Meeting of NSC, July 30, 1953 [U.S. prestige abroad; Project Solarium] Box 4 159th Meeting of NSC, August 13, 1953 [Thailand] Box 4 164th Meeting of NSC, October 1, 1953 [U.S. prestige abroad] Box 4 167th Meeting of NSC, October 22, 1953 [electromagnetic communications; Jackson Committee recommendations] Box 5 174th Meeting of NSC, December 10, 1953 [Eisenhower’s United Nations speech; Bermuda Conference] Box 5 188th Meeting of NSC, March 11, 1954 [Thailand] Box 5 189th Meeting of NSC, March 18, 1954 [electromagnetic communications] Box 5 193rd Meeting of NSC, April 13, 1954 [USIA and educational exchanges] Page 19 of 69

Box 5 197th Meeting of NSC, May 13, 1954 [Communist propaganda] Box 5 209th Meeting of NSC, August 5, 1954 [psychological warfare] Box 6 223rd Meeting of NSC, November 9, 1954 [electro-magnetic communications] Box 6 235th Meeting of NSC, February 3, 1955 [international broadcasting] Box 6 236th Meeting of NSC, February 10, 1955 [education and exchange] Box 6 240th Meeting of NSC, March 10, 1955 [foreign information and psychological warfare] Box 6 243rd Meeting of NSC, March 31, 1955 [Communist periodicals] Box 6 246th Meeting of NSC, April 28, 1955 [international broadcasting] Box 7 258th Meeting of NSC, September 8, 1955 [Volunteer Freedom Corps] Box 7 260th Meeting of NSC, October 6, 1955 [human effects of nuclear weapons development] Box 7 262nd Meeting of NSC, October 20, 1955 [Geneva and U.S. information programs] Box 7 267th Meeting of NSC, November 21, 1955 [U.S. foreign aid, military assistance and information programs] Box 7 268th Meeting of NSC, December 1, 1955 [Thailand] Box 7 279th Meeting of NSC, March 8, 1956 [Communist activities in U.S.] Box 8 289th Meeting of NSC, June 28, 1956 [East-West exchanges] Box 8 301st Meeting of NSC, October 26, 1956 [Poland; Hungary] Box 8 302nd Meeting of NSC, November 1, 1956 [Hungary] Box 8 303rd Meeting of NSC, November 8, 1956 [Hungary] Box 8 304th Meeting of NSC, November 15, 1956 [Hungary] Box 8 305th Meeting of NSC, [Hungary] Box 8 312th Meeting of NSC, [human effects of nuclear weapons development] Box 8 313th Meeting of NSC, February 21, 1957 [Poland; Hungary; defectors; escapees and refugees] Box 8 315th Meeting of NSC, March 6, 1957 [defectors, escapees and refugees] Box 8 320th Meeting of NSC, April 17, 1957 [political elements of national strategy] Box 9 327th Meeting of NSC, June 20, 1957 [Thailand] Box 9 333rd Meeting of NSC, August 1, 1957 [human effects of nuclear weapons development] Box 9 337th Meeting of NSC, September 22, 1957 [Thailand] Box 9 338th Meeting of NSC, October 2, 1957 [electro-magnetic communications] Box 10 369th Meeting of NSC, June 19, 1958 [organization for overseas psychological operations] Box 10 381st Meeting of NSC, October 2, 1958 [image of America] Box 10 383rd Meeting of NSC, October 16, 1958 [Thailand] Box 10 392nd Meeting of NSC, December 23, 1958 [USIA report re President’s message and Moscow Exhibit] Box 11 405th Meeting of NSC, May 7, 1959 [overseas internal security program] Box 11 407th Meeting of the NSC, May 21, 1959 [East-West exchanges] Box 11 415th Meeting of the NSC, July 30, 1959 [Youth Festival in Vienna] Box 12 429th Meeting of NSC, December 16, 1959 [cold war; policy toward USSR and satellites] Box 12 441st Meeting of NSC, April 14, 1960 [Communist propaganda] Box 12 448th Meeting of NSC, June 22, 1960 [U.S. -morale and physical condition] Box 12 451st Meeting of NSC, July 15, 1960 [technical surveillance; East Germany] Box 13 460th Meeting of NSC, September 21, 1960 [defectors and refugees] Box 13 462nd Meeting of NSC, October 6, 1960 [East Germany]

Name Series Box 7 Crittenberger, Gen. Willis D. Box 8 Donovan, General William [Algeria, Indochina; nuclear weapons] Page 20 of 69

Box 19 Howard Roy [USIA] Box 20 Larmon, Sigurd (2) [U.S. information program abroad, British public opinion polls] Box 22 McCloy, John J. [U.S. information program in Europe] Box 25 Pawley, William D. [Latin America; ] Box 32 Stevenson, Adlai [Voice of America]

Press Conferences Series Box 1 Press Conference 7/8/53 [message from George Meany and Walter Reuther re U.S. aid to workers in East Germany] Box 1 Press Conference 7/22/53 [notes and statements on East Germany and food] Box 4 Press Conference 8/4/55 [exchange of groups with USSR] Box 5 Press Conference 6/6/56 [People-to-People Program] Box 5 Press Conference 8/1/56 [hate campaign] Box 6 Press Conference 7/31/57 [ visiting Moscow; Youth Festival] Box 6 Press Conference 8/7/57 [Youth Festival] Box 7 Press Conference 8/6/58 [meeting with remarks by C.D. Jackson and ] Box 8 Press Conference 6/17/59 [Olympic Games and Nationalist China; student exchange] Box 10 Press and Radio Conference 9/7/60 [U.S.-Soviet rivalry at Olympic Games]

Speech Series Box 3 Speech 4/16/53 American Society Newspaper Editors Reading Copy Box 3 Speech-American Society of Newspaper Editors April 16, 1953 Box 5 U.S. Information Agency-11/10/53 Box 5 United Nations Speech 12/8/53 (1)(2) [Atoms for Peace Speech; Russian reaction to speech, New York Times article] Box 8 D-Day Statement 6/4/54 [memorandum and draft by C.D. Jackson] Box 11 Crusade for Freedom (TV) 2/8/55[transcript of closed circuit TV broadcast] Box 12 Penn State Graduation 6/11/55 [digest of Soviet activities and propaganda re peaceful uses of atomic energy] Box 12 UN 10th Anniversary 6/20/55 Box 13 Atoms for Peace 7/28/55 Box 16 Baylor University 5/25/56 (1)-(5)

Dwight D. Eisenhower, Papers: Post-Presidential, 1961-1969. Processed series containing relevant documentation are listed below.

1961 Principal File Box 11 International Rescue Committee’s Caribbean Refugee Program Box 11 Jackson, C.D. Box 14 Military Participation in Information Programs Box 16 People-to-People Box 16 People-to-People-Joyce Hall Box 24 Cronkite, Walter, Interview with DDE, May 23-29, 1961 (1)-(6) [Hungary, 1956; Yalta Agreement; moral and intellectual strength]

1962 Principal File Box 20 Trips (TR)-Philadelphia, Pa. Radio Free Europe Luncheon, May 14, 1962 Box 35 Hall, Joyce (only) [People-to-People] Page 21 of 69

Box 36 Ja [C.D. Jackson] Box 39 McK [Eisenhower trip to support People-to-People program] Box 41 Pau [William D. Pawley-Cuba] Box 41 Pe [Peace Corps] Box 42 Ri [Free Europe Committee] Box 44 Stennis, John (Subcommittee) [Eisenhower re communist threat, extremism, military role re communism] Box 47 Chron File February 1962 (3) [J. Edgar Hoover-Birch Society claims] Box 48 Chron File March 1962 (4)-(10) [troop informational programs] Box 48 Chron File April 1962 (1)-(6) [communist infiltration] Box 49 Chron File April 1962 (7)-(9) [People-to-People]

1962-63 Signature File Box 11 Invitations Declined (IN-2) Fl [C.D. Jackson, Free Europe Committee] Box 11 Invitations Declined (IN-2) L [right wing organization] Box 14 Legislation (LE) (1)(2) [Senator Stennis- censorship of military officers’ speeches] Box 26 Ben (1)-(3) [troop information programs] Box 35 Gas [Thomas S. Gates-use of military in Cold War education activities] Box 39 Hom [J. Edgar Hoover, John Birch Society] Box 40 Ja (1)(2) [C.D. Jackson; Project Hope] Box 46 Mer [Eisenhower-Eric Hoffer, The True Believer] Box 47 Mor (1)(2) [Moral Rearmament] Box 52 Ros (1)-(5) [WWII-Dachau] Box 56 Su [John Birch Society] Box 57 Ts (1)(2) [captive nations] Box 60 Whi (1)-(3) [ultraconservatives] Box 60 Wilson (1)-(3) [C. Wilson re conference of scientists, historians and People-to-People at United Nations]

1963 Principal File Box 1 AP-1 Appointments-Brodeur, Malabar; Wells, Sam; Jackson, C.D. September 24, 1963 Box 2 AP-1 Appointments-Hockey Team Oct 19, 1963 [People-to-People] Box 3 AP-1 Appointments-Reader’s Digest October 4, 1963 [People-to-People] Box 12 IN-1 Invitations Accepted-Radio Free Europe (Murphy, W.B.), May 23, 1963 Box 17 IN-2 Invitations Declined (Ja-Je) [C.D. Jackson] Box 23 MB Memberships (E-G) [People-to-People] Box 24 MB Memberships (S) (1)(2) [Radio Liberty; Allen Dulles] Box 28 ME-4 Messages-General (S) (1) [Radio Liberty] Box 31 SP Speech, Radio Free Europe Luncheon, May 23, 1963 Box 34 Ba (1)-(7) [Moral Rearmament] Box 35 Be (4)-(7) [extremists of left and right] Box 40 Cha (1)-(3) [People-to-People] Box 41 Co (2)-(9) [People-to-People] Box 43 Du (1)-(3) [Allen Dulles-Radio Liberty-American Liberation Committee] Box 45 Fi (1)-(4) [Leonard Finder-John Birch Society-extreme right] Box 45 Fo (1)-(3) [People-to-People] Box 58 Pe (1)-(3) [People-to-People] Box 60 Re (1)-(6) [John Birch Society; People-to-People] Box 62 Sch (1)-(6) [Radio Liberty] Box 66 U (1)-(3) [USIA-Voice of America] Page 22 of 69

Box 68 We (1)-(7) [Freedoms Foundation–preserving basic rights and freedoms; R. Welch book] Box 68 Wh (1)-(4) [Eastern Europe]

1964 Principal File Box 3 AP-1 Appointments Approved-Washburn, Abbott, Dec. 11, 1964 [People-to-People] Box 9 IN-1 Invitations Accepted People-to-People Planning Comm. Sept 14, 1964 Box 9 IN-1 Invitations Accepted-People-to-People Board Meeting June 1, 1964 Box 12 IN-2 Invitations Declined D M [Project HOPE] Box 19 ME-3-9 Messages-Veterans-Patriotic Groups (1)-(3) [Lithuania] Box 20 PP-People-to-People, 1964 (1)-(3) Box 35 Fo (1)-(3) [People-to-People] Box 38 Ha (1)-(11) [People-to-People] Box 40 Ja (1)-(4) [C.D. Jackson] Box 42 Ko (2)(3) [Korean Cultural and Freedom Foundation] Box 43 Le (1)-(5) [People-to-People] Box 45 Me (1)-(4) [People-to-People Forum] Box 50 Pr (1)-(4) [Project Hope] Box 54 St (3)-(10) [T. Streibert- Radio Free Europe] Box 56 Washburn, Abbott [People-to-People; role of USIA] Box 58 Wr [World War II propaganda]

1964 Signature File Box 4 A (1)-(3) [“: A Communist Blueprint for Victory”, by R. Allen] Box 8 J [C.D. Jackson] Box 9 P [People-to-People] Box 9 Party-to-People Forums [U.S. prestige; communism] Box 9 R (1)-(3) [Free Europe Committee report for 1963]

1965 Principal File Box 1 AP-1 Greenewalt, C.H. (Radio Free Europe) [film interview and fund raising; current situation in Eastern Europe] Box 2 AP 1 Little Angels (Korean Cultural Freedom Foundation) Box 2 AP 1 Moon, S.M. (Korean Religious and Youth Leader) Box 2 AP 1 Morin, Pat, 8-25/65 (1)(2) [unconditional surrender demand; background of Atoms For Peace speech] Box 7 IN-1 People-to-People Community Chapter Conference, 10-7-65 Box 7 IN-1 People-to-People Trustees Meeting (Bishop, L.K.) 9-16-65 Box 7 IN-1 Polish association of Former Political Prisoners Box 13 Memoranda (For the Record or Files) (1)(2) [Radio Free Europe] Box 14 ME-5 Messages- (1)-(3) [People-to-People] Box 15 ME-5 Messages-Organizations (4)-(7) [USIA; Carl Rowan] Box 15 PP-1 People-to-People (Lists, Meetings, Minutes, etc.) Box 15 PP-2 People-to-People (General) Box 16 PP-2 People-to-People (General) (5)(6) Box 20 BER (1)(2) [People-to-People] Box 20 BI (1)(2) [People-to-People] Box 20 BOR [Frank Borman, Eisenhower and space program and race to Moon] Box 21 BRO (1)(2) [memo on Radio Free Europe broadcasts] Box 26 DIR [Walt Disney re People-to-People] Box 26 E (1) [Abbott Washburn; People-to-People] Page 23 of 69

Box 28 FRI (1)(2) [Eisenhower comments on psychological warfare during WWII] Box 29 GE (1)(2) [Eisenhower re effect of dropping leaflets to German troops during WWII] Box 29 GOO (1)(2) [Radio Free Europe] Box 30 GOT [People-to-People] Box 30 GRE (1)(2) [Radio Free Europe] Box 32 HIL (1)-(3) [Eisenhower statement in 1951 concerning Hitler, German people and German army during WWII] Box 35 KI (1)(3) [People-to-People in Korea] Box 35 KR [Committee for Handicapped of People-to-People] Box 36 LAR (1)(2) [Sigurd Larmon and work of USIA and USIS libraries] Box 36 LE (1)(2) [People-to-People; World War II psychological warfare leaflets] Box 39 Miller (1)(2) [All American Conference to Combat Communism] Box 43 PI (1)-(3) [People-to-People] Box 43 R (1)-(4) [Radio Free Europe] Box 51 VE Day Program, CBS 5/7-8/65 [Eisenhower cautions about disparaging remarks about Germany] Box 52 WAS (1)-(3) [Abbott Washburn; People-to-People; Eisenhower and origins of People-to- People]

1965 Signature File Box 9 Birthday Correspondence (Gen. Eisenhower-1965) B (1)(2) [Mark Bortman; People-to- People] Box 18 People-to-People Box 18 RA (1)-(4) Free Europe Committee report; behind Iron Curtain] Box 19 “Town Meeting of the World” (CBS-TV Presentation, 10-26-65-DDE Participating) [J. Edgar Hoover comments on communists speaking on college campuses]

1966 Principal File Box 3 FA Foreign Affairs () (1)(2) [troop morale] Box 10 PE People-to-People (1)-(5) Box 11 PE People-to-People (6) Box 22 BAR (1)-(3) [ Velma Barkley and troop morale in Vietnam] Box 27 COO (1)(2) [Lyndon B. Johnson and Eisenhower re People-to-People; Sister Program] Box 33 Hall, Joyce (1)-(3) [People-to-People] Box 36 KI (1)-(5) [Asia University] Box 37 KN (1)-(3) [Korean Cultural and Freedom Foundation and Radio Free Asia] Box 38 LI (2)(3) [Korean Cultural and Freedom Foundation] Box 44 R (1)-(3) [Korean Cultural and Freedom Foundation; Radio Free Asia] Box 45 RI (1)(2) [Free Europe, Inc.]

1967 Principal File Box 3 AP-1 Appointments Accepted, April 1967 (1)-(5) [Japanese-American Society for promotion of Goodwill and Friendship; transcript of 1953 Voice of America broadcast to USSR re election of Eisenhower] Box 6 ED Education (1)-(4) [Eisenhower letter re Governor Romney and “brainwashed” on Vietnam] Box 9 FA Foreign Affairs, Vietnam (1)-(6) [difficulties of getting Asians to oppose expansion of Communism; Citizens For Victory in Vietnam]

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Box 23 ME-3 Messages to Organizations, Mar.-Aug. 1967 (1)-(4) [People- to-People; Japan- American Society; parade to support troops in Vietnam] Box 25 MR Mid-East Relief Corp., June-Aug. 1967 (1)-(4) [letters from Arab women and deep divisions in Middle East] Box 25 NS National Security-Defense (1)-(5) [Walt Rostow’s help on United Nations speech in 1958; war and need to defend principles, rights and helpless] Box 25 PE People-to-People Oct.-Dec. 1967 (1)-(3) Box 25 PE People-to-People, Jan.-Sept. 1967] Box 27 PL-7 Republican National Committee (1)(2) [foreign policy papers on American image abroad] Box 34 PR-5-1-1 Broadcasts, Tapes, Films, Telecasts (CBS Interview on Vietnam) James Hagerty criticizes staging; Eisenhower not explaining how progress could be made] Box 56 U (1)(2) [USO]

1968 Principal File Box 5 FA-Vietnam (1)-(4) [Goodpaster report on situation in Vietnam; need for leadership; Tet ; Oriental attitude toward life] Box 5 FF Freedoms Foundation (1)-(6) [correspondence re Vietnam, freedom, , dissenters] Box 12 MB-1 Memberships Accepted (Peace with Freedom) (1)-(5) [Citizens Committee for Peace with Freedom in Vietnam; Eisenhower statement for use] Box 13 MB-1 Memberships Accepted (Peace with Freedom)–Abbott Washburn Statement (1)(2) [Eisenhower comments on proposed policy statement on bombing ] Box 16 MR Middle East Relief (1)(2) [Eisenhower re declining influence of U.S. in Middle East; report on cultural mission to Arab countries] Box 16 PE People-to-People (1)-(3) Box 40 G (1)-(3) [free nations vs. communism, , ; Ngo Dinh Diem]

Convenience File, 1945-69 Box 1 Messages-Speeches [Radio Free Asia; People-to-People] Box 1 Miscellaneous [Eisenhower views on topics including Cardinal Mindszenty] Box 1 People-to-People, Inc.

Speeches Series Box 1 October 18, 1961 Al Smith Dinner Talk (1)-(3) [weaknesses of the Communist system] Box 1 November 10, 1961 Cleveland Case institute (1) [intellectual and spiritual preeminence of U.S. vis-à-vis global threat of communism] Box 2 November 11, 1961 Kansas City [People-to-People] Box 2 July 31, 1962 , Sweden (1) [People-to-People; education in promoting friendship among nations] Box 4 November 13, 1962 Economic Club of New York (1)-(4) [Soviet Union, cold war and effects on Americans] Box 5 December 7, 1962 National Association of Manufacturers New York, New York (1)-(3) [Communist threat; military industrial complex] Box 5 Speeches (by Others 1962) (1)-(9) [William S. Paley; Nelson Rockefeller, Martin Luther King] Box 6 May 23, 1963 Radio Free Europe Luncheon [security based on moral, economic and military strength] Box 7 SP-1 Taras Shevchenko 6/27/64 [tribute to Tara Shevchenko, Ukranian hero; independence from Russian colonial rule] Page 25 of 69

Box 8 SP-2 [Speeches Made by Others-Sent to DDE 1964] [Ayn Rand speech draft on ideological topics; Robert Merriam on People-to-People]

Augusta-Walter Reed Series Box 1 Cuba (2) [William Pawley; Tractors For Freedom] Box 1 Goodpaster 1968 [Vietnam; ] Box 1 Johnson, President Lyndon B. 1967 [international information programs] Box 2 Kennedy, John F. 1960-61 (1) [communist penetration of Latin America] Box 2 Memoranda of Conferences 1961-63 (1)(2) [Bay of Pigs; Sputnik; intelligence; Khrushchev; Laos, Thailand, Vietnam] Box 5 Drafts (3) [international propaganda] Box 8 The Cold War (1)-(7) [Eisenhower’s introduction to communism at Army War College, pre-war and wartime experiences with communism; Cold War during 1950s]

Special Names Series Box 2 Bullis, Harry A. [People-to-People] Box 4 Eisenhower, Milton, 1961 [“Tractors For Freedom”] Box 5 Gray, Gordon, 1963-66 [5412 Group, Cuban refugees] Box 5 Gruenther, Alfred M. 1963-66 (2) [People-to-People] Box 6 Gruenther, Alfred M. 1963-66 (3)(5) [People-to-People] Box 10 Hoover, J. Edgar 1961, 1962 [communism] Box 11 Jones, Charles S. 1964 [People-to-People] Box 17 Romney, 1967 (1) [Eisenhower and “ ”, Vietnam] Box 18 Romney, George 1968 [brainwashing story] Box 19 Strauss, Lewis, 1963-66 (3)(4) [People-to-People; “Tractors For Freedom; U.S. prestige abroad] Box 20 Whitney, John Hay, 1961 [Eisenhower and Castro; Peace Corps]

Dwight D. Eisenhower, Records as President 1953-1961 (White House Central Files) Confidential File Box 12-13 Candor and United Nations Speech, 12/8/53 [26 folders; speech drafts, memoranda, working group memoranda and other materials regarding development of President Eisenhower’s Atoms For Peace speech] Box 13-14 Central Intelligence Agency (1)-(4) Box 28-30 Geneva Conference (Big Four Conference) Box 44 National Committee For a Free Europe (1)(2) Box 45 National Science Foundation [Atoms For Peace speech] Box 49-50 Operations Coordinating Board [six folders] Box 50 President’s Committee on International Information Activities [Korean conflict and POWs] Box 61 Psychological Warfare [use of radio in psychological warfare; foreign policy] Box 61 Radio Free Europe Box 61-62 Rockefeller, Nelson [public opinion polls; psychological aspects of U.S. strategy] Box 62 Russia (1)-(5) [vulnerability of Soviet Union to political warfare] Box 63 Russia (6)(9) [Communist bloc vulnerabilities] Box 64 Russia (26)-(27) Communist propaganda Box 65 Russia-Stalin’s Death and Reaction and Results of President’s Speech of 4/16/53 Box 67 State Department and Voice of America; East Berlin and East Germany; U.S. public opinion poll on Korea and Indochina] Page 26 of 69

Box 72 State Department of [Aug. 1956; opinion trends among America’s European Allies] Box 72 State Department of Nov. 1956 [Hungarian ] Box 77 State Department of Jan.-Aug. 1959 [radio broadcasts to Eastern Europe; psychological warfare] Box 84 Tolstoy Foundation Box 99 United Nations Box 99 United Nations Speech of 12/8/53 Box 99 United States Information Agency (1)-(3)

Official File Series Box 33 OF 3-A-8, Army Department of the, Psychological Warfare Corps Box 87-88 OF 3-R-3 Armed Forces Missing Members of Armed Forces Box 90 OF 3-R-10, Armed Forces Committee on the Armed Forces Education Program Box 91 OF 3-Z Office of Psychological Policy Box 91 OF-3-II Office of Armed Forces Information and Education Box 92 OF 3-PP Defense Advisory Committee on Prisoners of War Box 135 OF 8-F Donovan, Ambassadors and Ministers, Donovan, Hon. William J. Box 139 OF 8-F Wharton, Ambassadors and Ministers, Wharton, Clifton R. Box 141 OF-N International Educational Exchange Service (1)-(4) Box 142 OF 8-O United States Advisory Commission on Educational Exchange (1)(2) Box 244 OF 72-A-2 Harr, White House Office, Aides to the President, Harr, Hon. Karl Box 244 OF 72-A-2 Jackson, White House Office, Aides to the President, Jackson, C. D. Box 246 OF 72-A-2 Rockefeller, White House Office, Aides to the President, Rockefeller, Nelson Box 281 OF 72-F-1 National Security Council, Central Intelligence Agency (1)-(4) Box 281 OF 72-F-3 National Security Council, Operations Coordinating Board Box 453-454 OF 108-F Atoms For Peace (1)-(12) Box 492-493 OF 116-G Refugees—Displaced Persons 1953-1960 Box 503 OF 116-DD American Culture Festival Box 503 OF 116-FF Asian-African Conference () Box 570 OF 133-M Psychological Warfare Box 570 OF 133-M-1 Psychological Warfare, Pre. Common Internal Information Activities (1)-(5) Box 570 OF 133 M-2 Psychological Warfare, Psychological Operations Coordinating Committee Box 603-604 OF 139-B-1 International Trade Fairs Box 607 OF 139-C Propaganda Box 686 OF 154-G Korean Emergency Box 686 OF 154-H , Prisoners of War Box 687 OF 154-K War Atrocities Box 687 OF 154-M Wars, Germ Warfare Box 687 OF 154-N-1 and N-2 Wars Against Russia in Poland and Hungary Box 688 OF 154-P Wars, Cold War Box 724 OF 188 Hungary (Government and Legation of) Box 724 OF 188-A Joseph Cardinal Mindszenty Box 733-735 OF 225 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Box 735 OF 225-A Stalin’s Death and Reactions and Results of Pres. Speech of 4/16/53 Box 737 OF 230 Psychological Strategy Board Box 748-749 OF 247 United States Information Agency Box 755 OF 262 Operations Coordinating Board Box 755 OF 263- Free Europe Committee Inc. Crusade For Freedom Box 762 OF 302 American Council for Nationalities Service Box 763 OF 315 Committee on Non-Military Defense Page 27 of 69

Box 764-768 OF 325 People-to-People Program Box 768 OF 328 Girard, William S. Box 775 OF 363 President’s Committee on Information Activities Abroad

General File Series Box 160 GF 7-A Jackson [C.D. Jackson] Box 172 GF 7-F Dir End. Operations Coordinating Board (as of 7/1/57) Box 207-209 GF 9-F International Information Administration Box 212 GF 9-M Int’l Cultural Exch. and Trade Fair Participation Act of 1956 Box 851-856 GF 122-B Iron Curtain and Iron Curtain Countries Box 872-873 GF 122-J Displaced Persons and Refugees Box 875 GF 122-L Political Prisoners U.S. Citizens Held by Foreign Countries Box 926 GF 125-E-2 Box 927-929 GF 125-F Wars and War Veterans - Korean Emergency Box 937 GF 125-T War and War Veterans-Cold War Box 938 GF 125-U War and War Veterans Thirteen Americans Imprisoned by Chinese Communists Box 938 GF 125-V Germ Warfare Box 1079-1082 GF 137-I Exhibitions, Expositions and Fairs Box 1181-1184 GF 150-C-1 Communist Party Box 1184-1185 GF 150-E Psychological Warfare Box 1185 GF 150-E-1- President’s Committee on International Information Activities 1952-53 Box 1217 GF 155-C Atoms For Peace Box 1218 GF 156-A Propaganda Box 1309-1311 GF 229 People-to-People Program

President’s Personal File Series Box 620-623 PPF 20-L American Society of Newspaper Editors Box 628-629 PPF 20-A-7 Speech at United Nations General Assembly, Dec. 8, 1953 Box 784 PPF 47 American Friends of the Captive Nations Box 784 PPF 47 American Friends of the Middle East Box 784 PPF 47 American Friends of Vietnam Box 797 PPF 47 Baltic States Freedom Committee Box 811 PPF 47 Federation of Islamic Associations Box 811 PPF 47 First Aid For Hungary Box 821 PPF 47 International Rescue Committee Box 928 PPF 58-F Wars World War III Box 928 PPF 58-G Wars Korean Emergency Box 933 PPF 135 Sarnoff, David Box 947 PPF 393 Crittenberger, Lt. Gen. Willis D. Box 947 PPF 423 Jackson, C.D. Box 955 PPF 653 McClure, Maj. Gen. Robert

Eisenhower, Milton S.: Papers, 1938-85. Milton Eisenhower, a of Dwight Eisenhower, was president of three major universities, an adviser to President Eisenhower and held various government positions including Associate Director of the Office of War Information in 1942-1943 (The Papers of Edward Lilly contain numerous messages and memoranda from, to, or concerning Milton Eisenhower). Box 1 1938-1945 [Office of War Information] Box 13 Presidential Commission on Radio Free Europe Page 28 of 69

Box 13 Presidential Study Commission on International Radio Broadcasting (1)-(4)

Eskind, David B.: Papers, 1940-1973. David Eskind was a radio scriptwriter and producer. His papers consist primarily of copies of radio scripts and recordings of programs he prepared for the Armed Forces Radio Service in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Box 1 Armed Forces Radio Recordings Box 1 Armed Forces Radio Scripts (1)-(14)

Finder, Leonard V.: Papers, 1930-69. Leonard Finder was a newspaper editor and personal friend of Dwight Eisenhower. His papers document his opposition to the John Birch Society and other extremist groups and contain samples of political propaganda. Box 7 Anti-Semitism (1951-52) Box 15 Propaganda Correspondence [United Nations and communism, Goldwater, Rockefeller, Republican Party and extremist groups] Box 16-18 Extremist Associations Box 32 Anti-Communism Box 33-34 Propaganda (1)-(8)

FitzGerald, Dennis A.: Papers, 1945-69. Dennis FitzGerald, an agricultural economist, helped direct the Agricultural Division of the Economic Cooperation Division and remained in government service as a Deputy Director of the Mutual Security Administration, Foreign Operations Administration and International Cooperation Administration. Box 20 Telephone Conversations January 1-April 30, 1953 (1)-(4) [U.S. Information services] Box 21 Telephone Conversations October 1-December 30, 1953 (1)-(4) [National Committee For a Free Europe] Box 24 Telephone Conversations July 13-August 3, 1956 (1)(2) [NSC 1290-d program] Box 24 Telephone Conversations August 6-August 31, 1956 (1)-(4) [propaganda and malaria program; Guatemala and 1290-d program] Box 25 Telephone Conversations April-May 1957 (1)-(4) [Radio Vietnam] Box 26 Telephone Conversations March-April 1958 (1)-(4) [cultural and training activities] Box 27 Telephone Conversations October, November, December 1958 (1)-(5) [U.S. cultural exhibit in USSR] Box 27 Telephone Conversations May 1959 (1)-(3) [Project Hope] Box 28 Telephone Conversations January, February and March 1960 (1)-(5) [Project Hope] Box 28 Telephone Conversations May 1960 (1)(2) [English language training; Saigon Mission and civil ] Box 29 Telephone Conversations September-October 1960 (1)-(4) [English language teaching in the Congo; African-American Institute and the education of African students in the U.S.] Box 30 Telephone Conversations April 1961 (1)-(3) [Edward Lansdale, Vietnam and field arrangements] Box 30 Telephone Conversations May 1961 (1)-(4) [Project Hope] Box 31 Telephone Conversations July-August 1961 (1)-(6) [women’s rights conference; English language teaching] Box 34 Reading File August 1, 1953-September 30, 1953 (3) [FOA and psychological strategy; morale situation in Saigon]

Page 29 of 69

Box 36 Reading File 1/5/58 6/30/58 (1)-(5) [ICA and the promotion of home economics as means of combating communism among women; cultural and educational exchange activities] Box 37 Reading File 7/1/58- 12/3j0/58 (1)-(5) [overseas internal security in Lebanon] Box 37 Reading File 7/1/59-12/30/59 [Project Hope; University of Beirut and other Middle Eastern universities; international educational activities] Box 37 Reading File 7/1/60-12/30/60 (1)-(4) [American University in Beirut; foreign exchange] Box 37 Administration-Operation Reindeer (Christmas Food Package Program) [U.S. Government program of distributing food to foreign governments and peoples in order to promote more favorable attitudes toward America]

Flemming, Arthur S.: Papers, 1939-1996. Arthur Flemming held many position within the U.S. Government including member of the U.S. Civil Service Commission, Director, Office of Defense Mobilization and from 1958 to 1961, Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare. He was also a university president and was active in the National Council of Churches. He served as Chairman, U.S. Commission on Civil Rights from 1974-1982. Box 20 People-to-People Program Box 30 [Williams, Walter] [Gus Hall visit to University of Oregon] Box 86 COEBG, 53-55: Intelligence Activities Box 104 Japan International University Foundation (1)-(8) [1949-1952] Box 121 NCCC: Division of Overseas Ministries (1)-(6) [religion in communist dominated areas] Box 122 NCCC: General Board and Office of General Secretary 1967[religious freedom in Communist dominated areas] Box 197 [Candor and Credibility] [policy towards Southeast Asia] Box 220 September 11, 1943 “This is Our War” Armed Services Forces, War Department

Francis, Clarence: Papers, 1933-73. Clarence Francis, a prominent food industry executive, held numerous government positions involving defense mobilization, distribution of food services and, during the Eisenhower Administration was a special consultant in charge of disposal of agricultural surpluses in accordance with Public Law 480. Box 9 Trip to Russia- July 1959 [U.S. exhibition in Moscow, Khrushchev-Nixon ]

Francis, Clarence: Records, 1954-60 Box 14 Crusade For Freedom [Radio Free Europe] Box 14 Crusade For Freedom 1956 Box 16 Amer.-Korean Foundation Box 21 America Illustrated-final English Texts (an American Public for distribution in the USSR) Box 21 Crusade for Freedom

Frank, Tim: Propaganda Leaflets, 1945 and 1952-53 Box 1 Free World Weekly Digest (Chinese) (1)(2) [newsletter giving news from Allied viewpoint] Box 1 Free World Weekly Digest (Korean) (1)(2) Box 1 Rehabilitation News (Korean) [reconstruction of South Korea] Page 30 of 69

Box 1 Miscellaneous Leaflets (Chinese) (1)-(3) [Korean War] Box 1 Miscellaneous Leaflets (Korean) (1)-(6) [Korean War] Box 1 Korean Army Leaflets [Korean War] Box 2 8th U.S. Army Leaflets (Chinese) (1)-(3) Box 2 8th U.S. Army Leaflets (Korean) (1)-(3) Box 2 Allied Leaflets (1)(2) [includes Russian language leaflet aimed at Soviet pilots flying for North Korea] Box 2 Communist Leaflets [English leaflets aimed at U.S. and British forces, Korean War] Box 2 World War II Leaflets [one Nazi leaflet and three Allied leaflets, 1945]

Gale, Oliver M.: Papers, 1957-60, 1971, 1974. Oliver Gale was a special assistant to the Secretary of Defense from 1957-1960. His duties involved speech and public statement preparation, press relations, liaison with the White House, contacts with Congressional leaders and handling of the Secretary of Defense’s personal correspondence. Box 1 Washington Journal, Vol. I, July 1957 to Dec. 1958 (5) [USIA; Voice of America] Box 1 Washington Journal, Vol. II, Jan. 1959 to June 1960 (3) [George V. Allen re American Exhibition in Moscow] Box 1 Washington Journal, Vol. II, Jan 1959 to June 1960 (5) [movie “On the Beach”] Box 2 Washington Journal, Vol. II, Jan 1959 to June 1960 (6) [Air Force manual alleges communist inclinations by officials of National Council of Churches]

Gray, Gordon: Papers, 1946-76. Gordon Gray was a government official, newspaper publisher, and university president. He served in the Truman Administration as Secretary of the Army, was involved with National Security Council matters in both the Truman and Eisenhower Administrations and from 1958 to 1961 was Special Assistant to the President For National Security Affairs. Box 1 Miscellaneous Correspondence 1963 [U.S. ideological offensive] Box 1 [Miscellaneous Correspondence, 1967-68] [Sprague Committee] Box 1 [Dwight D. Eisenhower 1947-55] [Committee on International Information Activities] Box 2 [Gordon Gray-President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board] Box 2 [PSB Personal 1951-52] J (1)-(3) [; cold war policy; psychological warfare seminar; Psychological Strategy Board and Department of State] Box 3 PSB Personal Box 3 PSB Chronological File August-Oct. 1951 Box 3 PSB Chronological File November-December 1951 Box 3 President Truman- Psychological Strategy Board 1951 and 1952 [Italian elections; psychological warfare seminar]

Gruenther, Alfred: Papers, 1941-83. Alfred Gruenther was Chief of Staff to SACEURs Dwight Eisenhower and Alfred Gruenther, 1951-1953 and SACEUR from 1953 to 1956.

Family Correspondence Series, 1946-56 Box 1 Homer Gruenther 1953 (1)(2) [C.D. Jackson; C.D. Jackson and Emmet Hughes as authors of “Chance For Peace” speech] Box 1 Homer Gruenther, 1954 (1) [Crusade for Freedom] Box 2 Homer Gruenther 1955 (1) [conversation between Eisenhower and Molotov at Geneva comparing freedom in U.S. and Russia]

Page 31 of 69

General Correspondence Series, 1946-62 Box 6 Donovan, William J. (1)(2) [Communist party in France] Box 7 Fodor, M.W. (1)(2) [Yugoslavia, USSR in Eastern Europe] Box 17 Spofford, C.M. [psychological warfare; Radio Free Europe] Box 28 Donovan, Hon. Wm. J. (1)(2) Box 32 Jackson, C.D. Box 45 Wilson, Charles E. [Radio Free Europe]

NATO Series Box 1 [TOP SECRET Correspondence] (1)-(3) [Communism in Italy] Box 4 Rockefeller, Nelson A. [1954-56] [opinion surveys of Western Europe’s reaction to Geneva Conference] Box 5 C (3) [Free Europe Committee] Box 6 H (2) [Free Europe Committee] Box 8 U [Free Europe Committee and Human Rights Day] Box 12 Correspondence, Speeches and Miscellaneous Materials (2) [transcript of Khrushchev’s speech to 20th Congress of Communist Party] Box 15 “A Psychological Defence of the Free World” by Jean-Paul David

U.S. Army Series Box 1 Joint Civilian Orientation Conference (1)-(7) [JCS conference on USSR and U.S. strategic planning, 1948-49] Box 3 Correspondence 1943-50 (1)-(8) [General William Donovan and OSS; neuropsychiatric casualties in Fifth Army during Italian, Sicilian and Tunisian campaigns]

Hagerty, James C.: Papers, 1952-1974. James Hagerty served as Press Secretary to President Eisenhower from 1953 to 1961 and later was an executive with American Broadcasting Company Box 1-1A Hagerty Diary-covers primarily year 1954 with scattered items in 1955 and a few for early 1956. Psychological warfare not cited in index but a few topics with psychological overtones are. These include Bandung Conference, April 27, 1955, Central Intelligence Agency- several dates; Guatemala; Alger Hiss; internal security; Ladejinsky Case; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; United States Information Agency; Voice of America; Yalta Papers] Box 2 Big Four Summit, Geneva, July 1955 JCH Notes [cold war, international tensions, international communism] Box 2 Bi-Partisan Leaders Meetings, 1955 JCH Notes [cultural exchange] Box 2 Bi-Partisan Leaders Meetings, 1956 JCH Notes [Hungary] Box 2 Bi-Partisan Leaders Meetings, 1959 JCH Notes [USIA] Box 2 Bi-Partisan Leaders Meetings, 1960 JCH Notes [intelligence and ] Box 2 Cabinet Meetings, 1954 JCH Notes [cultural exchange] Box 3 Memos of Conversation (JCH) 1960 [Eisenhower meeting with Ben Gurion including reference to propaganda; Khrushchev visit to United Nations] Box 3 Miscellaneous Notes (JCH) 1955 [anti-Red legislation] Box 3 Miscellaneous Notes (JCH) 1959 (1) [captive nations] Box 4 Miscellaneous Notes (JCH) 1959 (2) [cultural exchange] Box 4 Miscellaneous Notes (JCH) Undated (2) [psychological warfare, State and USIA, cultural exchange] Box 7 Operation Ambassador [1957-59, orphanage run by U.S. Naval Air Facility, Naples] Box 20 European Trip-Overall Reaction [poll results on success of trip] Page 32 of 69

Box 21 Khrushchev Visit-State Dept. Notes on [personal account by State Department observer on Khrushchev’s daily reactions] Box 21 Khrushchev Visit --#2 folder [USIA bulletin on Soviet propaganda] Box 22 USIS [11 Nation Trip- Italy] Box 23 [USIS report on Eisenhower visit] Box 27 South American Trip—Confidential Data on Each Country [USIA information on Argentina and Brazil] Box 110 Dwight D. Eisenhower Correspondence, 1964 [C.D. Jackson] Box 114 JCH Personal Correspondence, 1971 (2)-(3) [USIA] Box 115 Lyndon B. Johnson Correspondence, 1967-1973 [Hagerty and offer of position with USIA] Box 117 Speeches 1961 [speech re how rest of world views the U.S.] Box 117 Speeches, 1962 (1) [communism vs. free world] Box 118 Speeches 1962 (2)(3) [need for Free World to promote its values] Box 118 Speeches, 1963 (1)(2) [free world vs. communism] Box 118 Speeches, 1964 (1)-(4) [Army Information School]

Hall, George: Papers, 1976-1999. George Hall was a Professor of English at the University of Main at Presque Islands. In the 1970s he gathered information for a biography of his aunt Mattie Pinette who served in the Women’s Army Corps in World War II, seeing duty with Robert McClure, Chief, Psychological Warfare Branch, Allied Forces Headquarters. After serving in General Eisenhower’s headquarters at the time of OVERLORD, Ms. Pinette later served on the staff of Major General John T. Lewis, head of SHAEF mission to French Government. After the war she accompanied diplomatic missions to Palestine and Greece and eventually became a personnel officer at the Atomic Energy Commission. Box 1 Articles by Mattie Pinette (1) [draft speech re Atoms for Peace, 1957] Box 1 Interview-Mattie on Casablanca [work for Col. McClure] Box 1 Interview-Mattie on Greece and Palestine [psychological warfare; Charles Hazeltine, Richard Crossman, propaganda leaflets; study of Palestine; Greece; actors put in concentration camps]

Hanes, John W. Jr.: Papers, 1950-1970. John Hanes was a Special Assistant to Secretary of State John Foster Dulles from 1953-57 and Administrator, Bureau of Security and Consular Affairs, 1958-61. Hanes worked with immigration and refugee issues so his papers should be checked for psychological aspects of immigration legislation. Box 5 Congressional Meeting on the Hill 1959-1960 [Hanes memcons re refugee Legislation] Box 9 Oct. 7, 1957 Annual Meeting of the American Immigration Conference, New York [Hanes speech “The United States Role in International Migration] Box 10 Mar. 12, 1959 National Council on Naturalization and Citizenship “The Individual and United States Foreign Policy” (1)(2) Box 10 Mar. 24, 1959 Chicago Conference of Foreign Relations—“Passports and the Communist Conspiracy” (1)-(4)

Harr, Karl G., Jr.: Papers, 1943-90. Karl Harr served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense and from 1958-1961 as Special Assistant to the President for Security Operations Coordination. In this capacity he was vice chairman of the Operations Coordinating Board and was concerned with the psychological impact of various national security policy actions. Page 33 of 69

Box 1 Personal Correspondence, 1955 (1)(2) [David Sarnoff and Cold War program; C.D. Jackson; proposal for political warfare with communists; William Jackson; William R. Kintner] Box 1 Personal Correspondence, 1956 (1)-(4) [William Kintner; proposal for institution to combat communism; American Committee for Cultural Freedom] Box 1 Personal Correspondence, 1957 (1)-(5) [lack of response to Sputnik] Box 1 Personal Correspondence, 1958 (1)-(3) [psychological warfare; book, Ugly American] Box 2 Personal Correspondence, 1958 (4)-(8) [American propaganda effort abroad; USIA] Box 2 Personal Correspondence, 1960 (1)-(3) [comments on Sprague Report] Box 3 International Freedom, Proposal for Fund and Institute, Notebook 1954-55 (1)-(5) [communist threat; need to develop institute to combat communism] Box 4 International Freedom, Proposed Institute and Committee, 1955-56 Box 4 Khrushchev’s Use of the Scriptures, 1959 [memo by Frederic Fox listing Khrushchev’s citing of Biblical texts and references to the Deity during visit to U.S. in 1959] Box 4 Operations Coordinating Board, 1953-1959 (1)(2) Box 5-6 Writings by Karl Harr-Chapter Drafts [proposed book on Cold War; political warfare in Free World; C.D. Jackson]

Hauge, Gabriel: Records, 1952-58. Gabriel Hauge served as Assistant to the President for Economic Affairs from 1953 to 1958. Box 1-2 Reports [materials related to the Fifth International Conference sponsored by The Congress for Cultural Freedom in Milan, Italy, 1955; basic theme of reports is freedom versus totalitarianism, nature of Soviet system, capitalism compared with communism]

Hazeltine, Charles B: Papers, 1942-1944. Charles Hazeltine served as chief of the Psychological Warfare Branch, Allied Forces Headquarters (PWB/AFHQ) from 1942-44. Box 1 P.W. B. (1)-(4) [includes history of psychological warfare in North African Theater; numerous memoranda and printed matter re psychological warfare in North Africa and Mediterranean. Also includes a PWB “report” on the birth of Christ apparently prepared by someone in PSB as a joke]

Jackson, C.D.: Papers, 1931-1967. C.D. Jackson, a publishing executive in Henry Luce’s Time, Incorporated publishing company, was a practitioner of psychological warfare during World War II and in the cold war years which followed. His early propaganda work involved running the Council For Democracy, an organization aimed at warning the American people of the threats posed by such as communism and Nazism. He served in General Eisenhower’s combined operational headquarters, AFHQ and SHAEF as a civilian employee of OWI and a deputy director dealing with psychological warfare matters. During the late 1940s Jackson helped establish and run the Free Europe Committee and its organ, Radio Free Europe and during the 1950s served President Eisenhower as a Special Assistant for Cold War Planning with his focus on international information and psychological warfare matters. His papers constitute one of the most important sources of information on propaganda and psychological warfare in the Library’s holdings. The first 20 or so boxes pertain primarily to Jackson’s duties in World War II while the remainder of the collection contains extensive files on the Council For Democracy, the Free Europe Committee or National Committee For a Free Europe as it was formerly called, and on Jackson’s work in the Eisenhower Administration as a Presidential advisor. The files listed below are selective and users are urged to consult the finding aid to the Jackson Papers for a complete list of file folders. Page 34 of 69

Box 1 Algiers- (1)-(9) [Psychological Warfare Branch, Allied Forces Headquarters (PWB/AFHQ) matters Italy, Mediterranean, France] Box 2 “A” Day Paris (1)(2) [plans for dissemination of information upon end of resistance in Germany] Box 2 Atrocities [German atrocities in France and Belgium; report on concentration camp] Box 2-3 Basic PWB-AFHQ [6 folders] [“black” and “white” propaganda; German home front; Italy and North Africa; France; Middle East; psychological warfare operations] Box 3 Brussels-Paris (1)(2) [Allied propaganda; PWD activities in liberated territory; displaced persons; Germany] Box 3-4 Cairo-Algiers [6 folders] [radio broadcasting; Political Warfare Executive; leaflet and radio operations Office of War Information in Cairo; sample leaflets] Box 4 Cinema-Paris [OWI film production; French film preferences] Box 4 Crossman, R.H.S. [6 folders] [PWD organization, plans, techniques, German morale; prisoner interrogation; German troops and foreign workers; PWD information control in occupied areas; PWD use of POWs] Box 5 D-Day [PWD preparations for D-Day] Box 5 Deputies-London (1)-(3) [minutes of Joint Deputies Committee meetings; PWD plans, propaganda directives; use of German POWs; leaflets for France, Germany and liberated areas] Box 5 Displaced Persons-Paris (1)(2) [Buchenwald camp; psychological warfare aimed at displaced persons] Box 6 French-London [relations of PWD to French; French underground] Box 6 French Relations (1)-(4) [General DeGaulle; intelligence contacts with French; collaboration during German occupation] Box 6-7 Intelligence Paris [seven folders] [German propaganda; OSS report on Japanese government; BBC broadcasts to Poland; French reaction to Negro troops; collection of psychological warfare intelligence; Ohrdurf camp; poll of POWs; French Forces of the Interior (FFI)] Box 7-9 Folders on Leaflets, SHAEF, Leaflets-Algiers; Leaflets-Paris [leaflets dropped to German troops with translations; sample leaflets in Italian, German, Greek, Italian, Rumanian, Bulgarian, Russian, French with translations; leaflet warning about treatment of Allied airborne troops; PWD Leaflet section; news bulletins; concentration camps] Box 9-10 McClure, General [five folders] General Robert McClure was head of Psychological Warfare Branch (PWB), AFHQ and Psychological Warfare Division (PWD), SHAEF [PWD personnel, operations, organization; public opinion surveys in France; participation of French in PWD operations; consolidation propaganda in France and low countries; Richard H.S. Crossman; public opinion surveys in Germany; POWs; censorship] Box 10 Overlord-London [political warfare plans; leaflet distribution on D-Day; interview with German POWs re activities; operations in France] Box 11 [Virtually entire box consists of folders on Office of War Information activities in Paris, and London; information on OWI operations in France, OWI personnel; Films; OWI operations in Turkey; German POWs, information in Germany; German atrocities; strategic bombing survey; Allied Press Service; Polish Displaced persons; State Department-cultural relations and international information policy] Box 11 Paley, William-Paris [U.S.-French relations, Dieppe; control of information services in Germany] Box 12 Paris City [plan for PWD participation in liberation of Paris] Box 12 Personnel-Paris

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Box 12 Powell, Colonel-Paris [PWB organization; radio broadcasts; behavior of American troops; OSS black radio project] Box 12 Proclamation-London [proclamation by Gen. De Gaulle on D-Day; Eisenhower Proclamation re liberation of France; D-Day statements] Box 12-13 Publications and Display-Paris [6 folders; French reaction to Allied posters; information control in Germany] Box 13 PWB-AFHQ-Paris (1)-(4) [PWB operations in Italy and North Africa; France; control of news and radio in liberated areas; Allied propaganda; German controlled radio; sample leaflets] Box 13 PWB-PWD Story Paris Box 13 PWD Reports Paris Box 13 PWD Rear-Paris (1)-(3) [PWD organization and activities; revolt of German generals; speech by Hitler and Doenitz; French press and radio; intelligence surveys; displaced persons; POWs] Box 13 PWE-Algiers [Political Warfare Executive; plans for France, Holland and Belgium; information control; PWE/OWI plan for psychological warfare toward German troops and people and occupied countries] Box 14 Radio and Public Address-Paris (1)-(5) [mobile radio transmitters; PWB operations; French relations; black radio-OSS; censorship; Holland Radio; broadcasts to French prisoners, refugees and workers in Germany] Box 14 SHAEF Mission-Paris [PWD/Allied Information Service operations in Paris] Box 14 Strasbourg-Paris [PWD Combat Team report on situation in Strasbourg; German propaganda] Box 15 Survey-Paris [public opinion surveys in liberated France; survey of German POWs re combat leaflets; attitudes of Normans toward Allied landings and toward Germany] Box 15 Talisman-London [PWD plans for Operation Talisman] Box 15 Needed From War Files (1)-(5) [PWB organization in North Africa, Balkans and Italy; Eisenhower re PWB; PWD organization; Allied propaganda in North Africa; intelligence; plans for occupation of Germany; OSS; combat; propaganda] Box 17 Personal Miscellaneous (1)-(4) [OWI Patton; psychological warfare personnel and operations] Box 17 Personal Correspondence (1)-(6) [psychological warfare in North Africa and Italy; PWD organization] Box 17 Psych Warfare Interview with CDJ [C.D. Jackson] Box 18 Les Atrocities Commises Par Les Polonais Contre Les Allemands de Pologne [German propaganda written in French re alleged atrocities in Poland] Box 18 Manual for Control of German Information Services Box 18 Psychological Warfare in the Mediterranean Theater [enemy reactions to Allied propaganda] Box 19 The German News Agency and the News Box 19 P.W.B. Combat Propaganda Box 20-27 Consists of Photostats of documents pertaining primarily to Psychological Warfare Branch (PWB/AFHQ) operations in North Africa, the Mediterranean and Italy. Only selected folder titles are listed below. Please see finding aid to the C.D. Jackson Papers for complete list. Box 20 AMGOT [Allied Military Government; plan for PWB operation in occupied territory] Box 21 Avalanche-Baytown [leaflets for Italy; radio broadcasts] Box 21 BIGOT, PSYCHE, HUSKY [PWB propaganda plans and operations] Box 21 Box 22 Corsican Leaflets Page 36 of 69

Box 22 CYCLONE [PWB plan for propaganda and for AVALANCHE] Box 22 Dodds-Parker, Lt. Col. D [plan for psych warfare for Baytown and Avalanche; Mediterranean radio and leaflet plan] Box 22 Eisenhower, General [Milton Eisenhower-OWI; work of PWB and OWI in North Africa] Box 22 French Propaganda Box 22 German Leaflet [PWB dissemination of tactical leaflets] Box 22 Hazeltine, Colonel [PWB personnel, organization, plans and operations] Box 22 Holmes, Brig Gen. J.C. [military government section of AFHQ] Box 23 Folders on various Inter-Office functions [films propaganda teams; radio] Box 24 Italian Armistice [terms of armistice; propaganda directive; PWB activity] Box 24 Italian King Speech Box 24 Italian Situation [OWI plan for Bulgaria; plan for Italy; Italian opinion on surrender; German broadcasts to Italians] Box 24 McClure, R.A. [PWB operations; President Roosevelt re surrender of Italy; Radio France] Box 24 Military Government Section Box 25 O.S.S. [proposed leaflets for Italy] Box 25 O.W.I. New York [report on ; leaflet distribution in North Africa; Morocco; Turkey; OSS-OWI relationship; German POWs; broadcasts to Germany; personnel] Box 25 Prisoner Interrogation Box 25 P.W.B. Results Box 26 Survey [PWB occupation work in N. Africa and Sicily; survey of public opinion in Sicily] Box 26 Tunis [PWB propaganda policy for Italy; leaflets] Box 27 War Criminals [hearings re Italian war criminals; charges and proceedings; PWB publicity re war criminals] Box 28 Adamic, Louis [Yugoslavia; Hitler interview] Box 28 Adams, Governor Sherman (1)(2) and also Book and Life [1952 campaign and Korea; attitude toward U.S. in Europe] Box 29 A.N.T.A. [American National Theater and Academy; international exchange program; Porgy and Bess] Box 29-30 Atoms for Peace Evolution [Seven folders document preparation, editing and delivery of Eisenhower’s Atoms For Peace speech given December 8, 1953. This is a key source of documentation on this famous speech; includes chronology of development of Candor/Wheaties project; USIA plans, Operations Coordinating Board Working Group] Box 30 Auberjonois, Fernand [Voice of America; French press] Box 30 Ba-Misc. [charge of communist infiltration of Radio Free Europe; U.S. Cold war policies] Box 30 Bl-Misc. [OWI-WWII] Box 31 Br-Misc. [Free Europe Committee; Radio Free Europe; American Committee for Liberation from Bolshevism] Box 31 Bu-By-Misc. [National Committee for a Free Europe] Box 31 Baker, Edgar [Sprague Committee- political warfare; Jackson Committee; cold war planning] Box 31 Barrett, Edward W. [press censorship; psych warfare; cold war propaganda; Korean War propaganda] Box 32 Beaver-Foreign Economic Policy [Soviet Union; drafts of presidential speech; paper by Max Millikan and Walt Rostow] Box 33 Benet, Stephen Vincent [Council For Democracy; correspondence re “Dear Adolf” letters as wartime broadcasts] Page 37 of 69

Box 33 Benton, William [U.S. propaganda operations, 1952] Box 33 Berlin-Basics and Working Papers [psychological aspects of Berlin Conference, January- February 1954] Box 34-35 Berlin Plenary and Restricted Sessions transcripts Box 35 Bernhard, H.R. H. Prince [Bilderberg Conferences; U.S.-Europe relations; Communism] Box 36-37 Folders on Bilderberg Conferences, 1955-1963 [meetings re U.S.-European relations; struggle with communists; cold war, economic cooperation] Box 37 Bogdan, Norbert [Committee to Defend American by Aiding the Allies, 1935-42; Council For Democracy] Box 37-38 Boston Symphony [several folders include information on cultural exchanges including USSR] Box 39 Byrd, Richard [Council For Democracy] Box 40 Cp-Cu-Misc. [Lt. Gen. Willis Crittenberger- Free Europe Committee; Crusade For Freedom] Box 40 Carroll, Pete [EDC, OCB organization; psychological warfare and foreign policy] Box 41 Citizens For Victory [World War II home front activities; Council For Democracy; Charles Lindberg] Box 42-45 Council For Democracy [contains minutes of meetings, posters, radio scripts; texts of “Dear Adolf” broadcasts; World War II home front; efforts to prepare American people for possible involvement in World War II and to inform them of the menaces posed by fascism, Nazism and communism; treatment of Blacks in U.S.; Committee to Defend America by Aiding Allies; Chicago Tribune criticism of Council For Democracy; booklets, pamphlets, reports, scrapbook; Council For Democracy material covers period 1940-1942] Box 45 Crossman, R.H.S. [psychological warfare; Radio Free Europe; U.S.-British relations] Box 45 Cutler, General Robert [Volunteer Freedom Corps; USIA] Box 46 Di-Misc. [psychological warfare; General McClure] Box 46 Daily Worker [attacks on C.D. Jackson and National Committee For a Free Europe] Box 47 Disarmament [USIA exhibit; OCB re peace initiative] Box 48 Dulles, Allen [psychological or political warfare; Free Europe Committee; Radio Free Europe; balloon operations; Eastern Europe; Pro Deo] Box 48-49 Dulles, John Foster [Free Europe Committee and Radio Free Europe; U.S.-Soviet relations] Box 49 Dunkirk and Related Projects 1947 [People-To-People, city-to-city movement] Box 49 E-Misc. [Eastern Europe; WWII psychological warfare efforts; Robert McClure] Box 49-51 Eisenhower, Pres. Dwight D. [several folders of Eisenhower-Jackson correspondence, speech drafts, on cold war topics, U.S. information service, Unit ed Nations; Berlin Conference, Hungarian situation; Radio Free Europe; political warfare; People-to-People program] Box 51 Fu-Misc. [Council For Democracy, 1942] Box 51 Fabian, Dr. Bella [Radio Free Europe and Hungarian revolt] Box 52 Fehr, Joe [WWII psychological warfare; Radio Free Europe; VOA] Box 52-55 [Folders on Free Europe Committee 1951-1965; Radio Free Europe; Soviet jamming; survey of Bulgarian listeners to RFE; U.S. policy on Eastern Europe; Polish listeners; Khrushchev and Soviet policy; defection of athletes, exile groups; RFE broadcasts; East- West contacts, FEC organization and operations; charges against Radio Free Europe; RFE scripts and policy] Box 55 Freedom House [domestic support of war effort, WWII; Herbert Agar; radio broadcasts; Black Americans and the war, Jews] Box 55 Friends of Democracy [extremist groups; black listing of leftwing performers, 1949-50] Page 38 of 69

Box 55 Ga-Misc. [psychological warfare in Vietnam] Box 55 Gj-Gl-Misc. [Radio Free Europe; Committee for a Free Europe] Box 55 Go-Misc. [anti-American broadcasts; pro-Nazi propaganda; Council For Democracy] Box 56 Gr-Misc. [psychological warfare training] Box 56 Goodfriend, Arthur [folders 1942-1963; Army instructional materials, combat morale program; USIA; SS Hope] Box 56 Gowen, William [U.S. propaganda, political parties and Vatican] Box 57 Great White Fleet (Project Hope) [folders 1959-1964; People-to-People Program; medical education programs abroad; fundraising] Box 57 Griffith, W.E. [situation in Poland; Radio Free Europe; balloon/leaflet operations; German criticism of Radio Free Europe; Radio Free Europe Polish broadcasts; Voice of America] Box 57 Ha-Misc. [training for political warfare] Box 58 Hadley, Arthur [postwar Army psychological warfare programs; tactical propaganda company] Box 59 Hamblet, Philip [OWI, USIS, 1945] Box 59 Hauge, Gabriel [Atoms For Peace; political warfare] Box 59 Herter, Chris (Sr.-Jr.) [U.S. image abroad; Soviet propaganda re U.S. in Korea] Box 60 Hughes, Emmet J. [presidential speechwriter; United Nations speech; C.D. Jackson recommendations for Presidential foreign policy speech] Box 60 Hughes, John C. [Hungarian delegation to United Nations; Free Europe Committee] Box 60 Hungarian Olympic Team [defectors] Box 60 Hungary [delegation to United Nations] Box 60 Huot, Louis [OSS booklet re supply operations in Yugoslavia 1943-44] Box 61 Institute for Democratic Leadership-Plans [Council for Democracy, 1941] Box 62 International Sports [1954-56; sports and political competition with USSR; USIA; role of Sports Illustrated] Box 62 Italian Project [anti-communism program in Italy; democratic propaganda] Box 62 Jackson, Charles W. [War Council in WWII] Box 62-63 Jackson Committee [3 folders; November 1952 proposal to Eisenhower for survey of U.S. cold war efforts and Eisenhower’s authorization for the committee; international information activities; cold war strategy; propaganda] Box 63 Jackson, William H. [Hungary; OCB and NSC organization; cold war; Atoms For Peace] Box 63 Kh-Ki-Misc. [radio broadcasting to USSR] Box 64 La-Misc. [the Maquis; psychological warfare in World War II; Soviet jamming and BBC broadcasts] Box 64 Li-Misc. [psychological warfare in World War II] Box 64 Labin, Suzanne [political warfare with Soviets; ] Box 65 Latin America (1)(2) [Latin American Information Committee; counter Communist propaganda] Box 65 Lerner, Daniel [psychological warfare in World War II; OWI; black operations; evaluation of psychological warfare] Box 65 Lewis, Charles S. [U.S. Information Program; Voice of America] Box 68 Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr. [Free Europe Committee; Hungarian delegates; Atoms For Peace] Box 68 Lodigensky, Alexis A. [Communist redefection drive; Radio free Europe; psychological warfare; USIA; Radio Liberation] Box 68 Log 1953 (1)-(5) [Psychological Strategy Board (PSB); psychological warfare program; Volunteer Freedom Corps; Joseph Stalin; President’s speech problems; Jackson

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Committee; Operation Candor; Korean truce negotiations; Bermuda Conference; Solarium meetings; Wheaties] Box 68 Log 1954 (1)-(4) [Clare Boothe Luce; Berlin Conference; Indochina; Europe; Joseph McCarthy; John Foster Dulles; USIA; defectors; Dien Bien Phu; psychological warfare; 9th General Assembly of U.N.] Box 68-69 Log 1955 (1)(2) [Soviet Union; Quantico meetings and Soviet Vulnerabilities Panel; Zhukov; Boston Symphony, Middle East] Box 69 Log 1956 (1)-(4) [Soviet Union; Korean War; balloon operations; Joseph Stalin; Atoms For Peace; Middle East; anti-colonialism; Hungarian Olympic athletes; Volunteer Freedom Corps] Box 69 Log 1957 (1)-(4) [Middle East; broadcasting to Hungary; Hungarian athletes; Hungarian uprising; nationalism and neutralism; world economic policy; ; anti- American sentiment in ; Vietnam; Laos; psychological warfare] Box 69 Log 1958 (1)(2) [John Foster Dulles and foreign policy; C.D. Jackson’s position in the Eisenhower Administration; Hungary; Lebanon Crisis; Kadar regime’s credentials] Box 69 Log 1959 (1)(2) [political warfare; 1952 campaign and Korea speech; Radio Free Europe; Jackson committee; dinner at White House re political warfare and diplomacy; Radio Free Europe in Poland; Khrushchev’s visit to U.S.] Box 69 Log 1960 [Free Europe Committee; psychological warfare; Sprague Committee] Box 69 Log 1961 [evaluation of cold war efforts during Eisenhower Administration; Jackson Committee] Box 69 Log 1962-64 [communist infiltration of Black organizations in U.S.; Catholic Church and Pro Deo movement; People-to-People; Free Europe Committee; Cuba; Berlin; Walt Rostow] Box 70 Luce, Henry R. 1943 [OWI and PWB personnel and operations] Box 70 Luce, Henry R. 1944 [PWB operations in France; U.S.-British-French relations] Box 70 Luce, Henry R. and Clare, 1953 [U.S.-Italian relations] Box 70 Luce, Henry R. and Clare 1954 (2) [Sports Illustrated] Box 70 Luce, Henry R. and Clare, 1955 J (1) [USSR; ] Box 71 Luce, Henry R. and Clare, 1955 (5) [Italy; Eisenhower-Zhukov; U.S. vs. communism] Box 71 Luce, Henry R. and Clare 1956 (1) [Soviet troops in Hungary; BBC; developments in Hungary and Poland] Box 71 Luce, Luce, Henry R. and Clare 1956 (3) [VOA]; (5) [Sports Illustrated]; (6) [redefection campaigns] Box 71 Luce Henry R. 1957 [People-to-People; USIA; U.S.-Soviet cultural relations] Box 71 Luce, Henry R. 1958 [Catholic Church; Brussels World’s Fair exhibit; Crusade For Freedom] Box 71 Luce, Henry R. 1959-60 [Moscow Exhibition; cold war] Box 71 Luce, Henry R. 1963-64 [Pro Deo] Should check other Henry Luce folders in Boxes 70-71 for relevant items Box 72 Ma-Misc. (1)-(3) [Radio Free Europe; WWII psychological warfare] Box 72 Mu-Misc. [USIA- Edward R. Murrow] Box 72 Marshall, Edison [Council For Democracy] Box 73 McChrystal, Arthur J. (1)(2) [World War II PWB personnel; U.S.-Soviet relations, 1951; CIA; Italy] Box 73 McClure, Robert A. Brig. Gen. (1)-(4) [ and Shah’s takeover; Korean War psychological warfare; evaluation of World War II psychological warfare; information control in occupied Germany; food and in Europe] Box 76 Meyer, Cord, Jr. [Vienna Youth Festival; United Nations Hungarian delegation credentials] Page 40 of 69

Box 77 Middle East Crisis-Working Papers, Results, etc. (1)-(5) [desalination project; role of USSR in Middle East; economic development] Box 78 Moral Rearmament [Catholic Church in Italy] Box 78 N-Misc. (1)-(3) [Hungarian revolution; Voice of America and Radio Free Europe re Hungary] Box 78 Nabokov, Nicolas [Congress For Cultural Freedom; Hungary] Box 79-80 National Committee For a Free Europe [9 folders on National Committee for a Free Europe] Box 80 New Leader [USIA; forum for anti-communist intellectuals] Box 80 Nixon, Richard [Vice President’s political warfare] Box 80 O-Misc. [C.D. Jackson memo on psychological warfare] Box 80 O.I.C. (1)-(4) [State Department foreign information program; radio broadcasting; Voice of America; France, Italy, Middle East, Japan, Korea, , Britain, Germany and Italy] Box 80 Operation Democracy, Inc. [town to town aid affiliations, 1949; forerunner of People-to- People Sister Cities program] Box 81 Orlando Group (1)-(4) [Freedom Academy; cold war academy, training in political warfare] Box 81 Orlando Committee (Lincoln-Petkov) [plan for free world academy to teach ideas and methods for countering communism] Box 81 Pe-Misc. (1)(2) [Operation Candor and Atoms For Peace] Box 81 Ph-Pi-Misc. [National Committee for a Free Europe] Box 81 Po-Misc. [Radio Free Europe] Box 82 Page, Arthur W. [Free Europe Committee] Box 82 Paley, William S. [1940s list of French newspapers] Box 82 Parsons College [Council For Democracy] Box 82 Pennink, Karel B. [Committee for a Free Asia, Inc.; USIS] Box 82 People-to-People Box 82 Port, Tyler [Department of Army psychological warfare planning for Korean War; World War II psychological warfare materials] Box 83 Princeton Meeting, May 10-11, 1952 (1)-(5) [Radio Free Europe; political warfare and U.S. interests in Eastern Europe; transcripts of psychological warfare conference; Abbott Washburn to Eisenhower re psychological warfare program] Box 83 Princeton Meeting, Digest Only, May 1952 Box 84-87 Pro Deo [1952-1964; American Council for the International Promotion of Democracy Under God, Inc.; Father Felix Morlion; objectives, background and plans for Pro Deo; methods to use in Catholic Church to educate for democracy; Pro Deo efforts in Latin America; Morlion paper on Americans in psychological against European ] Box 87 Quellennec, J. [Communist propaganda; Advertising Council] Box 87-89 Quantico Meetings 1955 [30 folders- Report of Quantico Vulnerabilities Panel; psychological aspects of U.S. strategy; papers by Henry Kissinger; Stephany Possony, C.D. Jackson, Walt Rostow and others] Box 89 Rh-Ri-Misc. [radio in American sector of Berlin; Hungary] Box 90 Ro-Misc. (2) [Radio Free Europe] Box 90 Radio Free Cuba [proposal for, 1962] Box 90 Radio Free Europe (1)(2) [minutes of meetings; goals, psychological warfare; broadcasting] Box 90 Radio Luxembourg [USIS programming] Box 90 Refugees [Soviet redefection campaign] Page 41 of 69

Box 90 Rerrich, Bela [propaganda aimed at USSR; defected Hungarian athlete] Box 91 Rockefeller, Nelson [Quantico II papers, Atoms for Peace; Porgy and Bess] Box 91 Rosenbaum, Samuel [psychological warfare against Germany in WWII] Box 91-92 Rostow, Walt W. [1953-1964; 13 folders-political warfare; Jackson Committee; U.S.- Soviet relations; de-Stalinization; Hungarian delegates; Sprague Committee] Box 92 Sa-Misc. (1)(2) [David Sarnoff; political warfare] Box 92 Sc-Misc. (1)(2) [Radio Free Europe] Box 92 SE-Misc. (1)(2) [National Committee For a Free Europe] Box 92 Sh-Misc. [Committee For Liberation; Radio Free Europe; NCFE] Box 93 Sp-Misc. [Council For Democracy] Box 93 St-Misc. (1)-(4) [Streibert, USIA; Little Rock in 1959; Cold War; Streibert and USIA] Box 93 Sandburg, Carl [Council For Democracy] Box 93 San Francisco Chronicle [Council For Democracy] Box 93 Santa Clara Youth Village (1)-(3) [defected Hungarian athletes; Free Europe Committee] Box 93 Sargeant, Howland [radio broadcasts to USSR] Box 93-94 Sarrazac-Soulage, Robert (1)-(3) [situation in Hungary, 1956; Russia’s psychological campaign] Box 94 Shulman, Marshall D. [Council For Democracy, 1942] Box 94 Smith, Francis [Council For Democracy] Box 95 Smith, G.E. Kidder [U.S. relations with Moslem world] Box 95 Smith, Robert L. [Czechoslovakia, 1948; Gen. Arthur McChrystal] Box 95 Smith, Gen. Walter B. [National Comm. For a Free Europe] Box 95 Speeches, Comments, Misc. [folders from 1964 back to 1953 with numerous references to psychological warfare including Army War College and National War College addresses] Box 96-103 Speech Texts [from 1964 going back to 1938; cover cold war; political warfare; psychological warfare and Sputnik; U.S.-Soviet relations; USIA; Hungary; Radio Free Europe; addresses at National War College; “Rust Holes in the Iron Curtain”; U.S. information overseas; Council For Democracy; isolationism and America First Committee] Box 103-104 Speeches Background Material (1)-(11) [1963-1939; Berlin; Soviet propaganda; Stalin; George Kennan and cold war] Box 104 Spofford, Charles [National Committee for Free Europe] Box 104 Sports Illustrated-Hungarian Olympic Team Defectors Box 104 Sprague, Mansfield-Sprague Committee (1)(2) [Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty, Voice of America; Work of Sprague Committee] Box 104 Stalin’s Death-Speech Text & Comments, Full Evolution (1)-(4) [background and development of Chance for Peace Speech; plan for psychological warfare offensive] Box 104 State of Union, Jan. 1953 (Evolution) (1)-(4) [Walt Rostow to Jackson re origins of Eisenhower’s Chance For Peace speech] Box 104 Strauss, Adm. Lewis L. [Atoms for Peach chronology] Box 104 Te-Misc. [National Comm. for Free Europe, 1952] Box 105-106 Toothache [United Nations speech, Sept 22, 1960; U.S.-USSR relations; communist system] Box 106 Truman, Harry S. [National Committee for a Free Europe] Box 106 Turkey-OWI 1943 [Jackson’s appointment as deputy director of OWI Operations in Mediterranean Theater; psychological warfare in North Africa] Box 106 Underhill, Garret [German psychological warfare] Box 106 U.N. Czechoslovak Item [radio broadcasts, Voice of America; USIA; Radio Free Europe]

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Box 106-107 U.N. Misc. 9th General Assembly, 1954 (1)-(7) [China; Czech resolution on propaganda; Atoms For peace; defection of Polish ship crew] Box 107 United Negro College Fund 1952 [paper re communist propaganda and treatment of Negroes in U.S.] Box 109 U.S.I.S. Surveys [report on USIS in Vietnam, 1950-57] Box 109 V-Misc. [Office of International Information and Cultural Affairs; Voice of America] Box 109 Volman, Sacha [political training in Dominican Republic and Costa Rica; Cuba; NCFE] Box 110 Volunteers for Freedom [Hungary; Kermit Roosevelt] Box 110 Volunteer Freedom Corps Box 110 Wh-Misc. [WWII home front; Council For Democracy] Box 110 Wallach, Sidney [Palestine; Council For Democracy] Box 110 War By Cease Fire [Communist truce violations in Korea, Indochina and China] Box 111 Washburn, Abbott (1)-(5) [USIA; People-to-People movement; Moscow Fair; wartime organization for foreign information and psychological operations] Box 111 Watt, Robert J. [Council For Democracy] Box 111 Whiteley, Major Gen. [Jackson notes on speech on psychological warfare] Box 111 Wisner, Frank [refugees and escapees from Communist dominated East Europe] Box 115 Youth Festival, Vienna, general Correspondence [Gloria Steinem; American activities; USIA] Box 120 Council For Democracy-Scrapbook

Jackson, C.D.: Records, 1953-1954. Jackson served on the White House Staff as Special Assistant to the President from February 1953 to March 1954. The entire seven processed boxes are pertinent to studies of psychological warfare and the Cold War; consequently, the finding aid should be consulted for specific topics. A selective list of file folders follows: Box 1 All PSB and OCB folders; see particularly PSB Plans for Psychological Exploitation of Stalin's Death and PSB-US Psychological Strategy Based on Thailand, PSB Korean Contingency Plan; PSB Doctrinal Warfare; plus others in this box Box 2 Berlin Conference Box 2 Brainwashing Box 2 Brownell, Herbert Box 3 Dulles, Allen Box 3 Dulles, John Foster Box 3 Geneva Conference Box 4 Korea (1)-(3) Box 4 Lodge, Amb. Henry Cabot Box 4 Luxembourg Meeting Box 5 Movies Box 5 P [Korean POWs] Box 5 Radio Free Asia Box 5 RFE [Radio Free Europe] Box 6 Rostow, Walter W. [China, Korea, CENIS; Bermuda; USSR] Box 6 Volunteer Freedom Corps Box 7 Washburn, Abbott

Lambie, James M. Jr.: Records, 1952-61. James Lambie, as a Special Assistant to President Eisenhower, was in charge of the White House advertising liaison office. He coordinated use of the Advertising Council for public service campaigns. Page 43 of 69

Box 8 Voice of America Box 12 Crusade For Freedom Campaign 1954 Box 15 U.S. Information Agency 1954 Box 19 Crusade For Freedom-Correspondence 1955 Box 19 Crusade For Freedom-Newsletter 1955 Box 19 Crusade For Freedom-Press Releases 1955 Box 23 People’s Capitalism 1955 Box 24 U.S. Information Agency-Correspondence 1955 Box 24 U.S. Information Agency-General 1955 Box 27 Crusade For Freedom-Correspondence 1956 Box 27 Crusade For Freedom-Miscellaneous, Printed 1956 Box 27 Crusade For Freedom-Newsletter 1956 Box 30 Overseas Propaganda (Questions of the Advertising Community’s role) [correspondence re USIA request for Ad Council non paying sponsorship of a European radio show about the United States] 1956 Box 30 People-to-People Partnerships (1)(2) 1956 Box 31 People’s Capitalism (1)(2) 1956 Box 32 U.S. Information Agency-Correspondence 1956 U.S. Information Agency-Misc. Printed 1956 Box 35 Crusade For Freedom-Correspondence 1957 Box 35 Crusade For Freedom-Luncheon 1957 Box 35 Crusade For Freedom-Misc. Printed 1957 Box 37 “J” Misc. 1957 [includes copy of C.D. Jackson speech to Ohio Bankers Association in Cleveland, November 7, 1957] Box 38 People’s Capitalism 1957 Box 38 People-to-People Partnership 1957 Box 39 United States Information Agency, Correspondence 1957 Box 39 United States Information Agency-Miscellaneous, Printed 1957 Box 42 Crusade For Freedom-Correspondence 1958 Box 42 Crusade For Freedom-(Europe) Luncheon 1958 Box 42 Crusade For Freedom-Misc. Printed 1958 Box 42 Crusade For Freedom-Newsletter 1958 Box 44 People’s Capitalism 1958 Box 44 People-to-People Partnership 1958 Box 45 United States Information Agency, Misc. Printed 1958 Box 48 Crusade For Freedom-Correspondence 1959 Box 48 Crusade For Freedom-Europe 1959 Box 48 Crusade For Freedom-Luncheon 1959 Box 48 Crusade For Freedom-Miscellaneous-Printed 1959 Box 50 Moscow Fair (1)(2) 1959 Box 50 National Association of Broadcasters 1959 [materials re Khrushchev’s visit-for use by radio and television media] Box 51 People-to-People Partnerships 1959 Box 51 People’s Capitalism 1959 Box 51 United States Information Agency (USIA) Corres. 1959 Box 55 Crusade For Freedom, Correspondence 1960 Box 55 Crusade For Freedom, Luncheon 1960 Box 57 People-to-People Partnerships 1960 Box 57 United States Information Agency –Corres 1960 Box 57 USIA Misc. 1960 Page 44 of 69

Lilly, Edward, Papers, 1928-1992. Edward Lilly, a professor of history at Loyola University in Chicago and then at the Catholic University of American became the designated historian for the Office of War Information (OWI) in 1944. In this capacity, Lilly began writing the agency’s history while collecting documentation from OWI’s domestic and overseas bureaus. Consequently, he accumulated several thousand pages of correspondence, memoranda, messages and reports documenting the Office of War Information’s activities around the world during World War II. Consequently, the Lilly Papers constitute a source of documentation on World War II psychological warfare which is global in scope with considerable materials on the Southwest Pacific, Japan, the Philippines, Southeast Asia and China as well as extensive files on North Africa, Europe and the Middle East.

After the end of World War II Lilly served as a consultant to the and continued to write histories (unpublished) of United States psychological warfare programs. He collected a file on the Unconditional Surrender policy imposed upon the Axis Powers by the Allies in World War II. In 1951 he became a member of the National Security Council staff and served on both the Psychological Strategy Board and its successor, the Operations Coordinating Board. He remained with the NSC until 1965. He focused on doctrinal and ideological issues while writing histories of the PSB and OCB and collection much documentation on these interagency boards which functioned within the machinery of the National Security Council.

Edward Lilly’s Papers constitute a highly significant source of information on psychological warfare during both the hot war of WWII and the Cold War. Even a limited amount of information on can be found in this collection. The Lilly Papers along with the Jackson Papers greatly enhance the Eisenhower Library as a research center for studying propaganda in cold war and in hot. The list of file folders below is selective; therefore users should consult the finding aid to the Lilly Papers for a complete list of pertinent file folders Box 15 ABSIE History [American Broadcasting Station in Europe] Box 15 American Film Center Box 15 British Division Box 15 British Military Mission to the Netherlands [psychological warfare goals and accomplishments in the Netherlands] Box 15 Broadcasting [criticism of American broadcasting statements, conceit, etc.] Box 16 Burma (1)-(5) [OWI psychological warfare team in Burma report; use of Nisei for leaflet production; OSS and black and white propaganda; Japanese] Box 16-17 Coordinator of Information (1)-(10) [predecessor of OWI and OSS; William Donovan; radio broadcasting; Franklin D. Roosevelt and William Donovan; Nazi rule and conquered peoples; Finland; Alfred Rosenberg; Dutch Guiana; President’s speech of December 9, 1941; German home front; Vichy France; German morale and barbarism; political warfare; James Warburg mission to London] Box 17 Davis, Elmer (1)-(3) [1943 material re OWI broadcasts; OWI China Division; OWI- military relations; army training films; Clare Boothe Luce and OWI India Office; William Donovan and OWI-OSS relations; Russian prisoners; coal mine situation in U.S.] Box 17 Domestic News Bureau, OWI Box 17 Evaluations Division [POW interrogations; effectiveness of leaflet operations] Box 17 Foreign Information Service (1)-(6) [Allies military information; William Donovan; broadcasts; British propaganda; organization; foreign language section; Finland] Box 18 Foreign Information Service History Box 18 Foreign News Bureau Page 45 of 69

Box 18 France Box 18 German Propaganda [German propaganda on Russian front July-Dec. 1941] Box 18 Jackson, C.D. Box 18 Katyn Massacre Box 18 Leaflet Operations Box 19 Lilly, Edward Personal-Correspondence 1944-1945 Box 19 Lilly, Edward-Trip 1945 [Edward Lilly’s trip to conduct research for history of OWI; interview with Brigadier Gen. Arthur McChrystal; PWB-PWD relations] Box 19-23 Messages [1942-1945; covering wide range of topics, bureaus and theaters of operation; consult finding aid for details] Box 23-24 OWI-Beginnings [several folders on organization; broadcasting; domestic branch; Foreign Information Service; history; policy; racial policy including African-Americans] Box 24 OWI Board of War Information Meetings [minutes of meetings Sept. 1942 to June 1943 covering numerous topics] Box 25 OWI Domestic Branch Box 25 OWI General Box 25 OWI-History Box 26-27 OWI-History [several chapters in Edward Lilly’s unpublished history of OWI] Box 28 OWI London [Several folders for Bernard Barnes and Wallace Carroll covering Germany; displaced persons; OWI personnel; German concentration camps; Arabs in U.S.; African-American troops in UK; Japanese broadcasts; Anglo-American relations; censorship; German morale; leaflets; Tito and Mihailovic] Box 29-30 OWI-London [folders on Brewster Morgan and William Webber covering variety of topics; leaflet operations; Germany; consolidation propaganda; psychological warfare against German armed forces; Rankin Case C and many more topics] Box 30 OWI Office of Facts and Figures [Japanese Americans; Negro participation; Pearl Harbor; Nazi propaganda; enemy brutality; liaison with Congress] Box 31-33 OWI Outpost Bureau [Australia; Baghdad; Beirut; Cairo; Chungking; France; Iceland; India; : Istanbul; Jidda; Johannesburg; Ledo; London; Moscow; Outpost Report] Box 33 OWI-Outpost Bureau-Pacific [Americans of Japanese ancestry; leaflet operations re the Japanese; Japanese surrender; warnings directed at Japan after Potsdam Declaration] Box 33 OWI Outpost Bureau-PWB/AFQ Box 33 OWI Outpost Bureau-PWD/SHAEF Box 34 OWI Overseas Branch-Board of War Information 1942-1944 [film on relocation of Japanese-Americans; use of name Hirohito; motion picture industry; information to Russians; William Donovan; atrocities; Monte Cassino] Box 34 OWI Overseas Branch-China Division [Nisei tams; leaflet operations vs. communists; history of China information operations] Box 35 OWI Overseas Branch-Directives and Guidance [Japan; extermination of Jews in Warsaw Ghetto; Russian campaign; Japan’s subject peoples; German counter-offensive in Ardennes; death of President Roosevelt; atomic power and the atomic bomb; post VE propaganda and Japan] Box 35 OWI Overseas Branch-Executive Committee [minutes of meetings Sept. 1943-March 1944; Middle East; Finland; Japanese POWs; South Africa and Germany; radio broadcasts; Douglas MacArthur and Philippines] Box 36 OWI Overseas Branch General [Pacific Bureau; Ireland; Italy; Vichy France; OWI propaganda in Europe; fall of Rangoon; Okinawa; personnel] Box 36 OWI Overseas Branch-German Propaganda Program Box 36 OWI Overseas Branch-India

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Box 36 OWI Overseas Branch-Intelligence Officers [1942-1943; Alan Cranston; propaganda campaigns; Survey of Foreign Experts; Darlan statement; coordination of psychological warfare planning among U.S.-UK, Russia and other allies] Box 36 OWI Overseas Branch-Iraq [basic directive for Iraq including historical background and themes to address in information aimed at Iraq] Box 36 OWI Overseas Branch- Japan [transmission of Potsdam Proclamation to Japan] Box 37 OWI Overseas Branch- Pacific [Japan; Japanese POWs; Japanese soldiers; weekly propaganda directives regarding Asia in general; Japanese execution of U.S. airmen; Douglas MacArthur; Philippines] Box 37 OWI Overseas Branch Planning Board 1942-1944 [German submarines; Japanese atrocities; Stalingrad; German home front; Italian POWs and unconditional surrender policy] Box 37 OWI Overseas Branch-Prisoners of War [German POWs; German attitudes toward Allies and unconditional surrender policy] Box 37 OWI Overseas Branch-Ward Reports [Japanese troops; U.S.-UK propaganda in S.E. Asia; Balkans; leaflets and Indochina] Box 37 Pearl Harbor Box 37 Operations [Admiral Darlan; Iceland; war propaganda plan; Japanese treatment of POWs; Stalingrad; Katyn Forest; Rome Massacre; Japanese Emperor; Unconditional Surrender; guidance in producing broadcasts- “dos” and “don’ts”-terms to avoid] Box 38 Propaganda [Nazi war propaganda, 1938; OSS; Russian demands for second front; Italy; post-hostilities planning for Germany] Box 38 Psychological Warfare-OWI Box 38-39 PWB-AFHQ [several folders on OWI and psychological warfare in North Africa, the Mediterranean, Italy and Middle East; German war crimes; personnel; Operation TORCH; Axis Sally; leaflets; William Donovan; C.D. Jackson; Italian radio and many other topics] Box 40 Psychological Warfare Directives [Joseph Kennedy; Josef Goebbel’s speech treatment; Chinese communists; future of Japanese Emperor; proclamation to Japan; atomic bomb; war criminals; Swiss neutrality; unconditional surrender] Box 40 Psychological Warfare Division (PWD) SHAEF [directives; German treatment of allied POWs; Political Warfare Executive and OWI; Germany] Box 40 Psychological Warfare Plan-Pacific [Japanese troops; leaflets; Japanese ; Philippines; Australian propaganda operations] Box 42 Reading File Dec. 1-9, 1943 [Japanese-Americans; George Patton and slapping incident; U.S. Marines at Tarawa] Box 42 Colonel Solbert [OWI general directives; Middle East; Hitler’s speech; General MacArthur and political warfare; ; nature of enemy; German casualties] Box 43 Theater Planning; C.D. Jackson and Brigadier General Robert McClure in SHAEF Box 47-49 [Several chapters in Edward Lilly’s unpublished history of psychological warfare] Box 49 Interviews-Psychological Warfare [Lilly’s analysis and definition of psychological warfare; U.S.-UK and India and South East Asia; German General Blumentritt re Russian front; Iran; unconditional surrender; Japanese Emperor; OWI-OSS relation; Owen Lattimore re OWI in Pacific; George Marshall re military and psychological warfare, unconditional surrender and decision to use atomic bomb; Brig Gen. Robert McClure re Italian surrender, AFHQ and PWD-SHAEF] Box 49 Lilly, Dr. Edward: Historian, Joint Chiefs of staff [Lilly re unsettled problems of psychological warfare; psychological warfare in Pacific]

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Box 49 Psychological Warfare-Background [World War I; industrial mobilization plans of 1930s; George Creel and voluntary censorship; President Roosevelt and opposition to clamping down on news] Box 50 Psychological Warfare-Organization [President Roosevelt, William Donovan and Office of Coordinator of Information; Nelson Rockefeller and CIAA; Japan plan; notes by Dwight Eisenhower on psychological warfare and War Planning Division] Box 50 Psychological Warfare Pacific [Philippines; Japan; unconditional surrender; Mount Fujiyama; Japanese POWs; Japanese Emperor; Okinawa] Box 50 Psychological Warfare Planning [World War I psychological warfare; War Plan Orange; Germany; East coast sinkings of ships; William Donovan, OSS and psychological warfare; Japanese Emperor; Iraq; Iran; Southeast Asia Command; unconditional surrender; Japanese war crimes] Box 51 Psychological Warfare Reports-Combat Propaganda Leaflets 1942-1944 [leaflet operations in North Africa, Italy, and France; American Expeditionary Forces World War I leaflets used in orientation lectures; German army] Box 51-52 Report on Psychological Warfare in Southwest Pacific Area 1944-45 [detailed report on theory and practice of psychological warfare against Japan; Japanese reaction to Potsdam declaration; Emperor and Japanese militarists; conference on psychological warfare against Japan; psychology of the Japanese soldier; texts of leaflets aimed at Japanese] Box 52 State Department [OWI; war against Japan; PWB; Italy 1943] Box 53 Unconditional Surrender 1941-1951 [manuscript draft on topic; interviews; German propaganda; ; war aims; Casablanca Conference; January 24, 1943 press conference with President Roosevelt; Ulysses S. Grant, Gen. S.B. Buckner and Ft. Donelson; Italian surrender; USSR and National Free Germany; propaganda treatment of Japanese Emperor; atomic bomb; Hiroshima bombing; seminar on the Unconditional Surrender chapter] Box 54 Book Programs Box 54 Covert Operations Box 54 Cultural Presentations Box 54-55 Doctrinal Programs 1952-1964 Box 55 Freedom Academy Box 55 Islamic Organizations Box 55 Militant Liberty [doctrinal program aimed at resisting communist influences; Vietnam] Box 55 Moral and Religious Box 55 OCB Historical [1953-1961] [organization; Korea; POWs; Eastern Europe; Austria; China; Burma; Indochina; Vietnam; U.S.-USSR; Olympics; psychological warfare school; People-to-People; Tibet; religion; overseas labor and other topics] Box 56 OCB Meetings (1)(2) Box 56 OCB Organization Box 56 OCB Reading File 1953-1955 (1)-(7) [Philippine Government; Korean Armistice; brainwashing; Africa; doctrinal warfare; Vietnam; Henry Kissinger; U.S.-USSR; origins of Jackson Committee; psychological warfare in Europe; Palestine; Committee For a Free Asia] Box 56 OCB-Regain Initiative [plans for regaining psychological initiative in cold war; U.S.- USSR relations; food from sea water; Afro-Asian Conference; Arab refugees; aid to underdeveloped countries] Box 56 OCB Staff Meeting Notes [International Volunteer Air Force; Vietnam; POWs] Box 56 Overseas Education Box 57 Political Warfare Meeting-Princeton May 1952 [plans for political and psychological warfare initiatives; see Papers of C.D. Jackson for transcript of this meeting] Page 48 of 69

Box 57 Psychological Operations 1945-1951 [Dr. Lilly’s classified history of U.S. psychological operations 1945-51] Box 57 Psychological Strategy Board-Historical (1)-(4) Box 57 Psychological Strategy Board-Memoranda Summaries Box 57 Psychological Strategy Board-Office of Coordination Box 58 Psychological Strategy Board Planning [1951-1953; establishment of PSB; handling of covert affairs; radio broadcasting; Acheson-Mossadegh talks; national psychological strategy; POWs; PSB planning objectives re USSR, Asia, Middle East, Africa, Western Europe, Western Hemisphere; Moslem world; doctrinal warfare; Korea; Eastern Europe; Thailand USIA; Lodge Project] Box 58-59 Psychological Warfare History [Chapters I-XII plus fragment drafts] Box 59 Psychological Warfare-Planning Box 59 Radio Free Europe Box 59 USSR

Lyons, John Coriden: Propaganda Leaflets, 1944-45 and 1950. Major John Coriden Lyons served in the Psychological Warfare Division of the U.S. Army in the North African, Mediterranean and China Theaters of Operation during World War II. Box 1 Psychological Warfare Branch: History of the development of the Propaganda [Leaflet bomb (M-26) and account of its use to date] Box 1 Psychological Warfare Branch: Propaganda Leaflets (European Theater of Operations, World War II) (1)-(4) Box 1 Psychological Warfare Branch: Propaganda Leaflets (China Theater of Operations, World War II) (1)-(4)

Martin, I. Jack: Records, 1953-58. Jack Martin, as an Administrative Assistant to President Eisenhower, was a member of the White House congressional liaison staff. Box 3 U.S. Information Agency

Masterson, Charles F.: Records, 1953-56. Charles Masterson, an Administrative Assistant to the President, served in the Executive Branch Liaison Office to function as the liaison between the White House and cabinet level and independent agencies. His office produced weekly fact papers on various issues facing the Administration. He also drafted speeches and correspondence for White House staff members including Sherman Adams. Box 1 Operation Candor [program to demonstrate to public that Americans live in an age of peril] Box 2 Book Burning [policy statement re USIA libraries and book program]

McCann, Kevin: Records, 1946-60. Kevin McCann served on General Eisenhower’s Staff from 1946- 1951 and again as a Special Assistant to the President from 1955-1957. His duties included drafting speeches, correspondence and reports for General Eisenhower and speeches and correspondence for the President. Box 5 Crusade For Freedom Remarks [Feb. 8, 1955] Box 9 Commencement Address by the President-Baylor University, May 25, 1956 [President proposed international people-to-people contacts and promotion of exchange of knowledge among peoples in order to resist threat of communism] Page 49 of 69

McCardle, Carl W.: Papers, 1953-57. Carl McCardle was Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs from 1953-57. Box 1 Korean Truce Negotiations Box 10 Khrushchev “The Cult of the Individual” Box 10 Khrushchev’s Seven Hour Speech Box 10 Hagerty Statement-July 8, 1955 [re Dulles’ view of Soviet weakness]

Schooley, C. Herschel: Papers, 1954-60, 1975. C. Herschel Schooley served as Director of the Office of Public Information for the Department of Defense and the Department of Interior. Box 2 Green Chronological File 1 January-31 March 1956 (1)-(4) [DoD cooperation with movie industry; news censorship during Korean conflict] Box 2 Green Chronological File 1 October-31 December 1956 (1)-(3) [DoD information program proposals; racial integration within services in Alaska] Box 2 Green Chronological File 1 June-31 August 1957 (1)(2) [DoD relations with movie industry; U.S. troop reinforcements along Iron Curtain]

Seaton, Fred A.: Papers, 1946-1972. Fred Seaton served as a U.S. Senator, Assistant Secretary of Defense, Administrative and Deputy Assistant to the President, and Secretary of the Interior.

Department of Defense Series, Bound Reports and Printed Material Subseries Box 1 Public Information Coordinating Council-Minutes of Meetings, 7/29/54- 2/10/55 Box 3 Stars and Stripes’ and “Army Times,” Material re (1)-(10) Box 3 “Trends in West German Appraisal of the United States Forces in Germany”

Ewald Research Files Series Box 3 Captive Nations Box 4 Communism Box 12 Government Information Box 16 Isms [Marxism, Liberalism, Nazism, Capitalism, etc] Box 23 Propaganda Box 27 Russia: General Box 29 Socialism

FAS Eyes Only Series Box 1 Classified (1)-(3) [mostly declassified now; non-repatriated American ex-prisoners of war]

Republican Party Series, 1960 Campaign Subseries Box 5 Campaign Issues-Captive Nations Box 5 Campaign Issues-Communism Box 6 Campaign Issues-U.S. Prestige

Subject Series Box 10 “DoD Code of Conduct Program” Second Progress Report 1956

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Smith, Walter Bedell: Collection of World War II Documents, 1941-45 Box 1-13 Cable Log [AFHQ] [contain texts of messages on wide variety of topics including incoming and outgoing messages from, to or concerning, OWI, PWE, OSS and other agencies involved in psychological warfare operations in North Africa, the Mediterranean and Italy] Box 16-18 Capitulation of Italy [include propaganda aspects of Allied efforts to induce Italy to surrender] Box 21-17 Cable Logs [SHAEF] [contain texts of widely scattered messages from or to OWI, OSS, PWE, SOE, PWD and other agencies involved in psychological warfare operations against Germany in 1944-45] Box 30-32 SHAEF Weekly Intelligence Summaries, March 1944-April 22, 1945 [contains profiles of prominent German officers, POW interrogation information and extracts from captured enemy documents] Box 35 Current Combat Leaflets [propaganda leaflet prepared by Psychological Warfare Division, SHAEF] Box 36 Eighth Air Force Leaflet Operations [report, April 11, 1945] Box 37 Manual for Control of German Information Services (1)-(3) Box 42 I[nformation] and E[ducation] Division ETOUSA, Organization Charts Box 42-43 Weekly Intelligence Summary (1)-(2) [July 10-December 6, 1945] [includes counter- intelligence data, information on propaganda as well as other activities by NAZI and other groups] Box 50 Richardson Reports, 1944-45 [reports by U.S. War Correspondence on fraternization, African-American soldiers, soldier thinking and other topics]

Smith, Walter Bedell: Papers, 1942-61. Lt. General was General Eisenhower’s Chief of Staff at AFHQ and SHAEF and later served as U.S. Ambassador to the USSR, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and Under Secretary of State. His papers are fairly sparse and the current finding aid is inadequate. Nevertheless, items related to propaganda and psychological warfare can be found scattered within his papers. A few folders identifiable from the finding aid are listed as follows: Box 1 Iron Curtain Refugee Campaign-25 October 1949 Box 4 American Committee on United Europe (1)(2) Box 6 National War College [report on strengths and weaknesses of Communist Bloc, 1955] Box 26 Correspondence (of Military and/or Historical Significance) (1) [memo regarding paramilitary, guerrilla and intelligence capabilities, 1961] Box 26 Correspondence (of Military and/or Historical Significance) (2) [Major General John O’Daniel paper on cold war]

Sturman, Paul, Papers, 1938-1989. Paul Sturman served in the Foreign Language Division of the Office of War Information (OWI) during World War II. Sturman monitored activities of foreign language groups within the United States primarily from Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and Yugoslavia. He disseminated pro-Ally propaganda to these groups while countering Axis propaganda. Box 1 OWI General (1)-(6) [Central European News bulletins; publications on Austria and Hungary; speeches by Alan Cranston; guide for Foreign Language Press] Box 1 Czechoslovakia [speech by Elmer Davis re Dr. Benes; propaganda dissemination methods]

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Box 2 Czechoslovakia (4)-(10) [Slovak League; Axis propaganda; Slovak resentment of German anti-Jewish activities] Box 2 Hungary (1) [anti-American sentiment in Hungarian papers; Otto Hapsburg] Box 3 Hungary (2)-(4) [Hungarian-Nazi spies; Axis and anti-Axis Jokes; radio broadcast] Box 3 Poland (1)-(3) [Jewish communities in Poland; Jews in Polish concentration camps; documents on Axis propaganda] Box 4 Yugoslavia (1)-(6)

Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, Office of Secretary, General Staff: Records, 1943-45 [copies of records in Record Group 331, Archives II, College Park, Maryland; paper copies of microfilm records now available at the Eisenhower Library. Relevant information is likely to be found throughout these records. Selected folders are listed below: Box 10 091.411 SOE/OSS Activities [frames 919-1121] Box 10 091.412 Vol. II Propaganda [1122-1563] Box 11 091.412 Vol. I Propaganda [1-446] Box 11 091-412/1 Trojan Horse [447-468] Box 11 091-412/3 Vol. II Psychological Warfare Against Germany [469-852] Box 12 091.412/3 Vol. I Psychological Warfare Against Germany [853-1132] Box 12 091.412/4 Propaganda Directed to Non-Germans Serving in the Wehrmacht [1133-1212] Box 23 319.1/10 Monthly SOE/SO Reports [390-682] Box 24 319.1/35 Weekly Political Intelligence Summary [872-1065] Box 24 319.1/43 Weekly Political Intelligence Report [1293-1371] Box 33 322.01 P & PW Organization and Personnel Publicity and Psychological Warfare Division [461-615] Box 33 322.01 PRD Volume II Organization and Personnel Public Relations Division SHAEF [616-653] Box 34 322.01 PRD Vol. 1 Organization and Personnel Public Relations Division SHAEF [654- 951] Box 34 322.01 PWD Organization and Personnel Psychological Warfare Division SHAEF [964- 1090] Box 36 334 JIC SHAEF Joint Intelligence Committee SHAEF [1365-1400] Box 37 334 PW, JPC Psychological Warfare Joint Planning Committee [8-25] Box 42 350.09/1 Vol. II Intelligence (General) [923-1117] Box 42 350.09/1 Vol. I Intelligence (General) [1118-1429] Box 56 381 Bodyguard [924-1010] Box 60 381 Fortitude Vol. II [963-975] Box 60 381-Fortitude Vol. I Operation Fortitude [976-1283] Box 62 381/1 Overlord R and PW Outline Plan [1209-1498] Box 70 363.6/4 Interrogation of Prisoners of War [1013-1222] Box 70-73 Contain other files pertaining to POW issues Box 92 704/3 Casualty Reports [858-872] Box 92 704/4 Policy & Release Re Publication of casualties (PRD) [873-898] Box 96 091.412 Austria Control of Information Services in Austria [20-102] Box 96 014.1 Balkans Civil Affairs in the Balkans [103-159] Box 97 091.412 Belgium PWD Activities in Belgium [1065-1070] Box 97 370.64 Belgium Resistance Groups [1135-1266] Box 98 014.1 Berlin Vol. II Military Government Berlin [147-332] Box 98 014.1 Berlin Vol. I Military Government Berlin [333-568] Box 99 370.64 Czechoslovakia Resistance Groups [751-777] Page 52 of 69

Box 99 091.412. Control of Information and Propaganda Service [1020-1022] Box 99 370.64 Denmark Danish Resistance [1023-1037] Box 101-102 92 France French Relations [Volumes I- IV] [1-263; 820-1353] Box 102-103 370.64 France Vol. I-III Groups (Guerilla Warfare] Box 106 091.4/1 Germany Public Opinion and Morale of German People [376-401] Box 107 091. 412 Germany Control of Information of Propaganda Service in Germany [402-776] Box 107 091.412 Germany B.P. Directive for Psychological Warfare and Control of Armies for Combat Propaganda [777-823] Box 109 370.64 Germany German Resistance Groups [1044-1057] Box 113 370.64 Italy Italian Resistance Groups [801-821] Box 115 370.64 Netherlands Resistance Groups [1013-1059] Box 116 091.412 Norway Propaganda [471-501] Box 116 091.412. Norway Intelligence re Norway [531-534] Box 116 370.64 Norway Resistance in Norway [535-538] Box 118 370.64 Poland Polish Resistance Groups [400-443] Box 119 091 Swiss Relations [618-743] Box 119 091 Yugoslavia Miscellaneous [897-985]

U.S. President’s Committee on Information Activities Abroad (Sprague Committee): Records, 1959-61. This committee, appointed by the President in 1959 reviewed the implantation of recommendations of the Committee on International Information Activities (Jackson Committee) established in 1953. (See entry for the Jackson Committee for a description.) The Sprague Committee apparently covered a broader range of informational activities than did its predecessor, the Jackson Committee; consequently its documentation is more extensive and more diverse than that of the Jackson Committee. The entire body of records is pertinent to studies of information and propaganda so the following list of folders is selective. Copies of certain papers produced by the Sprague Committee can be also found in the NSC Registry Series, NSC Staff Papers (description below for that series and collection). Box 1 Radio and Television (1)-(16) [China, Radio Free Europe; Voice of America, U.S. Armed Forces Radio and Television Service; Radio in the American sector of Berlin; Korea] Box 1 Attributed and Unattributed #2 [Grey propaganda] Box 1 English Teaching Program Box 1-2 Soviet Bloc [Soviet image; communist threat] Box 3 Communist China #11 Box 3 Latin America #12 Box 3 American Labor in International Affairs Box 4 International Flow of the News Box 4-5 Western Europe #17 Box 5 Psychological Aspects of Foreign Aid #19 Box 5 Voluntary Foreign Aid#2 Box 5 U.S. Public Understanding #21 [statements by government officials; surveys of U.S. public opinion on foreign policy issues] Box 5-7 Science and Technology Box 8 International Travel #25 Box 8 Military #28 [troop orientation; military personnel abroad; military activities during cold war] Box 9 People-to-People Activities #29 Box 9 Asia #30 Box 9 Africa #31 Page 53 of 69

Box 10 Middle East #36 Box 10 Themes #37 Box 10 Exchanges-General & Cultural, Technical and Military Box 14 Establishment of PCIAA Box 14 Exhibits [U.S. exhibit in Moscow; U.S. overseas exhibits] Box 15 History and Background [U.S. propaganda capabilities] Box 15 Jackson, C.D. Box 15 Jackson Recommendations and Agencies Comments Box 16 OCB-Operations Coordinating Board Box 20 Policy Staff Papers #1-44 paralleling the files in boxes 1-11 [covering topics such as International Radio and Television; roles of attributed and unattributed information; USIA and CIA; Voice of America, Radio Free Europe; English Teach program; Soviet Bloc; Communist China; Latin America, American Labor, International flow of news; Western Europe; the United Nations psychological impact of foreign aid; U.S. public understanding; disarmament; science and technology; travel; role of armed forces in psychological activities; Asia; Africa; People-to-People; U.S. trade fair program; communist propaganda; Middle East; exchanges and other topics] Box 27 Minutes (1)-(14) [covers most topics studied by the Committee and should be examined for considerable details on psychological aspects of relations with countries, national security related actions and the like; most regions are covered here]

U.S. President’s Committee on International Information Activities (Jackson Committee): Records, 1950-53. This committee was appointed in early 1953 to study the United States Government’s actions and accomplishments in area of psychological warfare and information activities and to recommend future courses of actions. (See previous entry for description of the Sprague Committee which was established late in the Administration to also study information and propaganda programs. A copy of the Jackson Committee’s Report with most current declassification actions can be found in the Miscellaneous Series, Dwight D. Eisenhower’s Papers as President and agency comments on the Report can be found in the Records of the White House Office of the Special Assistant For National Security Affairs. Box 1-10 Correspondence A-Z [covering variety of cold war issues, proposals, issues, and countries such as Iran, Italy, Korea, Japan, Radio Free Europe; The Middle East; U.S. military personnel; J. Robert Oppenheimer, Germany, the USSR and other topics] Box 11-12 J[ackson] C[ommittee] [numbered documents] (1)-(11) [reports, briefings and memoranda covering the USSR, military psychological warfare activities in Korea and in the Cold War, intelligence including covert activities, and various psychological warfare themes] Box 14 Overt Information and Propaganda, Data for Jackson Committee Box 14 The President’s Committee on International Information Activities Report to the President, June 30, 1953 Box 15 Psychological Warfare Research

Washburn, Abbott: Papers, 1938-2003. Abbott Washburn served on President Eisenhower’s Committee on International Information activities, as Deputy Special Assistant to C.D. Jackson and then from November 1953 to March 1961 was Deputy Director, U.S. Information Agency. He also was president of People-to-People, Inc. in 1964-1965, an advisor in the U.S. office of Telecommunications Policy from 1972-1974 and later was a Member of the president’s Task Force on U.S. Government International Broadcasting. Since he devoted much of his career to various types of information Page 54 of 69 activities and programs much of his large collection (308 archives boxes) pertains to information and propaganda in some form. Listed below are selected folders but users should consult the finding aid for a complete list of folder titles of possible interest.

Box 4-5 Balloons (1)-(11) [propaganda leaflets over Poland and Czechoslovakia by balloon, 1951 Box 7 Jackson Committee February Meeting Notes Box 7 Jackson Committee- March Meeting Notes [Darrel Zanuck re motion pictures; role of military in cold war operations] Box 7 Memos to C.D. Jackson June-Sept 1953 [VOA; RIAS; propaganda balloons; Aftermath of Chance for Peace speech] Box 7 Princeton Meeting re Psychological Warfare May 1952 Box 8 Speeches (1)-(3) [C.D. Jackson re psychological warfare in World War II] Box 8-34 U.S. Information Agency Series [check finding aid for folder title list; topics include Brussels Fair; education in underdeveloped countries; Moscow Exhibit; NSC and OCB; People-to-People; People’s Capitalism; Quemoy Matsu Daily Opinion Summaries; Sprague Committee Material on Education; 1956 trip to Far East; U-2 and foreign reactions; Vietnam Transmitter; and Voice of America (VOA)] Box 35-38 Advertising Council 1961-1968 Box 62 C.D. Jackson (1)-(4) Box 64 Edward P. Lilly [draft history of Jackson Committee; creation of OCB; Abbott Washburn comments on Jackson Committee, OCB, USIA, U-2 and Bay of Pigs] Box 67 Mexico City Trip March 19-24 (1)-(12) [Advertising Council; 1961 report on USIA work in Mexico] Box 80-92 People-to-People Box 104-105 USIA Box 105 Vietnam 1967 (1)-(3) Box 105 Vietnam–Peace With Freedom Committee Box 105 Voice of America Box 125-126 Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Box 131-132 USIA Box 170 USIA 1975-1982 Box 187 Radio Marti Box 222-228 Series VIII: Task Force on U.S. Government International Broadcasting [includes minutes of meetings; Radio Free China; RFE/RL; USIA; VOA Box 286-289 USIA

White House Office, National Security Council Staff: Papers, 1948-61. This collection contains correspondence, memoranda, meeting minutes and reports originated by the Operations Coordinating Board, 1953-61, the Psychological Strategy Board, 1951-53, the National Security Council, 1948-61, and the President’s Committee on Information Activities Abroad (Sprague Committee). Consequently it constitutes a major source of documentation pertaining to cold war psychological warfare activities. Series containing relevant information are listed below.

Executive Secretary’s Subject Series Box 14 Planning Coordination Group (1)(2) [1955] [report re psychological aspects of U.S. strategy

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Box 15 President’s Committee on International Information Activities [1953] [the William H. Jackson Committee] Box 15 Project Solarium (1)-(4) [1953] Box 16 Special (File #1) (1)-(6) [Psychological Strategy Board] Box 17 Special (File #2) (1)-(6) [Soviet propaganda Box 17 Special Assistant (Cutler)-Memoranda 1953 (1)-(8) [Project Solarium; Volunteer Freedom Corps] Box 18 Special Assistant (Cutler)-Memoranda 1955 (1)(2) [Volunteer Freedom Corps] Box 18 Special Assistant (Anderson) Memoranda 1955-56 (1)-(6) [human effects of nuclear weapons]

Disaster File Series Box 6 Atomic Energy-Official Statements Regarding Nuclear Weapons (1)(2) [overseas reactions; OCB follow up report; AEC statement re effects of nuclear explosions] Box 9 NSC 135 (4)-(7) [psychological program] Box 11 NSC 161 (1)-(10) [psychological program] Box 14 NSC 5509 (6)(7) [activities of OCB] Box 18 NSC 5912 (1)-(8) [USIA] Box 20 Communications 1950-52 [NSC 66/1 re Soviet jamming] Box 20 Communications 1953 (1)-(3) [NSC 137/1- psychological operations, monitoring, electro magnetic communications] Box 21 Communications 1955 [effectiveness of International Broadcasting] Box 21 Communications 1956-58 [OCB Progress Reports Box 21 Communications-Technical Surveillance Counter measures Box 26 Disarmament 1953 [C.D. Jackson; PSB report re “Age of Peril”] Box 27 Economic Defense 1953 (1)(2) [Psychological Strategy Board Report re UK and psychological impact of U.S. policies] Box 31 Intelligence (1)(3) [covert operations] Box 32-33 Internal Security-Foreign Constabulary Forces-Overseas Internal Security Program Box 33 Internal Security-Importation of Communist propaganda Box 34 International Military Organizations-Volunteer Freedom Corps (1)-(4) Box 34 Military Programs (1)-(6) [morale and physical condition of military] Box 39-40 Project Solarium [Task Force Reports-include recommendations for psychological and covert actions against Soviet bloc] Box 40 Psychological and Informational Programs (1)-(12) [NSC 43, 74, 59/1, 10/3, 10/4, Jackson Report; PSB D-34; NSC 5812/1; Psychological Strategy Board; Planning Coordination Group] Box 41 Refugees, Escapees & Exchanges J (1)-(3) Box 51 Eastern Europe (1)-(9) [NSC, PSB and OCB papers re Stalin and re developments in Eastern Europe] Box 52 Eastern Europe (1)-(12) [OCB Working Group study re Germany, Czechoslovakia, Rumania, Bulgaria and Albania] Box 52 Eastern Europe-Defectors, Escapees, Refugees Box 52-53 Poland (1)-(4) Box 53 Yugoslavia [NSC and OCB papers] Box 54 Indochina (1)-(9) [includes OCB paper on psychological activities] Box 59-62 Korea [1948-1961] Box 62 Thailand [PSB D-23]

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Miscellaneous Staff File Box 5 President’s Committee on International Information Activities-Report [Jackson Committee Report]

NSC Registry Series Box 3 CIA-FBIB (5)-(10) [Foreign Broadcast Information Branch] Box 5 RIR 5-21 [Resistance Intelligence Reports] Box 12 President’s Committee on Information Activities Broad, Conclusions and Recommendations (Final Report) (1)(2) [Sprague Committee] [see also copy in Administration Series, Dwight D. Eisenhower’s Papers as President and in Records of the President’s Committee on Information Activities Abroad (Sprague Committee] Box 12-14 (PCIAA Staff Study No. 1 through 44) [copies of studies found in Records of the President’s Committee on Information Activities Abroad (Sprague Committee)] Box 14 Psychological Operations, the Development of American, 1945-51 [see also copy in OCB Secretariat Series, NSC Staff Papers] Box 14-17 PSB Documents, Master Book of Vols. I through IV [PSB numbered Papers regarding Japan (PSB D-27; Middle East PSB D-22; Germany, Korea, France (PSB 14-d), USSR, Berlin, Italy, Communist propaganda, Europe, Southeast Asia (PSB D-23) and other topics] Box 16-17 PSB Documents, Master Book of (1)-(6) [minutes of PSB meetings]

OCB Central Files Series. This entire 129 box series pertains to psychological warfare, propaganda and information in some form because of the function of the Operations Coordinating Board (OCB). The OCB was an arm of the NSC, consisting of representatives of various agencies. It considered the psychological and public relations impact of various national security policies. The following is merely selective so we recommend that users consult the finding aid to this series. Box 1 OCB 000.1 USSR (Files 1 and 2) [working group on and related problems] Box 2 OCB 000.3 [Religion] [Buddhism; Islam; Russian Orthodox Church] Box 2-7 OCB 000.77 [Radio Broadcasts] [Working Group on U.S. international broadcasting; NSC 169 and followup; country papers, Korea, Poland and many others; effectiveness of U.S. International Broadcasting] Box 8 Jansky and , December 1954 [engineering aspects of frequency usage in international broadcasting] Box 9-11 OCB 000.9 [Atomic Energy] [Eisenhower’s Atoms For Peace speech; ; fallout questions; Lucky Dragon] Box 12-13 OCB 001. [expositions, fairs, etc.] Box 14-16 OCB 007. [Cultural Activities] [Porgy and Bess on tour; working group on cultural activities; President’s special international program] Box 17-18 OCB 014.12 [Internal Security] [Working Group on NSC Action 1290d regarding use of constabulary forces to counter subversion in selected Southeast Asian, Latin American, European and Middle Eastern countries] Box 18 OCB 014.31 [East West Contacts and Exchanges] Box 20 OCB 040. RFE [Radio Free Europe] [1955] Box 20 OCB 040. USIA [United States Information Agency] Box 20 OCB 062.2 [Motion Picture Films] Box 21 OCB 080 International Volunteer Air Group (IVAG) [April 1954-May 1957; proposed international air group to counter communism in Southeast Asia] Box 21-22 OCB 080-Volunteer Freedom Corps

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Box 22-58 Consists of country files arranged alphabetically. Documentation relating to propaganda or information programs is likely to be found for each country. Selected sizeable country files are listed below: Box 23 Austria Box 26-28 China Box 28-29 Ethiopia Box 29 Finland Box 30-31 Formosa Box 32 France Box 33-34 Germany Box 34-36 Iceland Box 37-40 Indochina Box 40-41 Indonesia Box 42-43 Iran Box 45-46 Italy Box 47-49 Japan Box 49-50 Korea Box 51 Malaya Box 51-52 Pakistan Box 52-53 Philippine Islands Box 54-55 Spain Box 55-56 Thailand Box 56-57 Turkey Box 57 Yugoslavia Box 58-61 OCB 091.3 [Economics][international communication of U.S. economic policy; Working Group on Overseas Understanding of U.S. Assistance] Box 61 OCB 091.4 Africa Box 61-64 OCB 091.4 Antarctica Box 64-66 OCB 091.4 Asia Box 66-69 OCB 091.4 Eastern Europe Box 69-70 OCB 091.4 Far East [educational and technical exchange programs; Vice President Nixon’s report on trip to Far East] Box 70-71 OCB 091.4 Ideological Programs Box 71-77 OCB 091.4 Latin America Box 77-79 OCB 091.4 Near East Box 79-81 OCB 091.4 Southeast Asia Box 82 OCB 091.4 U.S. Box 82-83 Western Europe Box 84-85 OCB 092-USSR Box 85-86 [International Affairs-Conferences and Boards] Box 86 B [Robert Blum of Committee of Free Asia, Inc] Box 87 OCB 095 “R” Box 87 OCB 095 “S” [Howland Sargent of American Committee for Liberation from Bolshevism, Inc.] Box 100 OCB 334 President’s Committee on International Information Activities Box 101 OCB 334 POC [Psychological Operations Coordinating Committee] Box 101 OCB 334 State Box 102 OCB 334 USIA Box 102-103 OCB 334-UN Box 106-109 OCB 350 [education] Page 58 of 69

Box 110-112 OCB 350.05 [Daily Intelligence Abstracts] Box 112 OCB 353 [Training] [Working Group on National Psychological Warfare Training Programs] Box 112 OCB 353.8 [Amusements and Athletics] [Working Group on 1956 Olympics] Box 113 OCB 370.64 [] Box 117 OCB 381 U.S. Box 117-118 OCB 383.6 [prisoners of war- Korean War] Box 118-120 OCB 383.7 [refugees and interned Persons] Box 120-121 OCB 384.51 [civil defense- Operation Alert] Box 121 OCB 385 [Psychological Operations Planning] Box 121 OCB 387.4 Korea [Armistice] Box 121-122 OCB 388.3 [Disarmament and Arms Control] [Working Group on implementation of President’s United Nations Speech] Box 124 OCB 702.5 [brainwashing and psychological examination] Box 124 OCB 729.2 [biological Warfare]

OCB Secretariat Series. The entire series pertains to general propaganda and psychological warfare topics. Users should therefore consult the finding aid thoroughly. Listed below are selected folder titles: Box 1 Assistance Overseas Box 1 Baylor Proposals Box 1 Book Program Box 1 Doctrinal Periodicals Box 1 Doctrinal Warfare Box 2 Doctrinal Warfare Box 2 Education, American Overseas Box 3 Electro-Magnetic Communications Box 3 Film Festivals Box 3-4 Ideological Documents Files Box 4 Dr. Lilly - Miscellaneous (3) [State Department intelligence report on Crisis of Modernization in Near East] Box 4 Lodge’s Human Rights Project Box 4-5 Moral Factor Box 6 Personal Dr. Lilly (1)-(4) [correspondence re history of psychological warfare] Box 6 PSB [Psychological Strategy Board] Historical File Box 6 PSB Short History of (by Dr. Lilly) Box 6 Psychological Aspects of U.S. Strategy Box 7 Record of Actions Board Assistants Meetings [see finding aid for details] Box 8 USSR Plan Box 8 Volunteer Freedom Corps Box 9-11 OCB 319.1 Activity Report [see finding aid for details] Box 11-17 OCB 337 Minutes [1953-61; most complete of OCB meeting minutes in Library’s holdings; consult finding aid for detailed annotation of topics covered]

Planning Coordination Group Series Box 1 #2 NSC 5502/1 U.S Policy Toward Russian Anti-Soviet Political Activities Box 1 #3 Soviet-Communist Vulnerabilities (1)-(8) Box 1 #4 NSC 174 U.S. Policy Toward the Soviet Satellites in Eastern Europe Box 1 #6 Overseas Chinese Students (1)(2) Box 1 #7 Near and Middle East Box 2 #8 Defection and Redefection (1)(2) Page 59 of 69

Box 2 #9 Bandung (1)-(4) Box 2 #18 Psychological Aspects of U.S. Strategy, Panel Rpt. (1)(2) Box 3 Soviet Vulnerabilities (1)(2) Box 3 Soviet Vulnerabilities (File #2) (1)-(8) Box 3 Quantico Vulnerabilities, Report of the (1)-(3)

Psychological Strategy Board Central Files Series. This entire 29 box series pertains to propaganda, psychological warfare and/or information policy in one form or another. Therefore, only selected folders are listed below. Users should consult the finding aid for a full list of file folder titles. Box 8 PSB 000.1 Communism (1)(2) Box 8-9 PSB 001. USSR (1)-(3) Box 9 PSB 000.77 [radio broadcasts] Box 11 PSB 080. Volunteer Freedom Corps (1)-(4) Box 11 PSB 091 China (1)(2) Box 12 PSB 091. France (1)-(5) Box 12 PSB 091. Germany (1)-(7) Box 12 PSB 091 Indo-China (1)-(3) Box 13 PSB 091 Italy (1)-(3) Box 13 PSB 091 Japan (1)-(4) Box 13 PSB 091 Korea Box 13 PSB 091 Thailand Box 13 PSB 091 Yugoslavia Box 14 PSB 091.3 France (1)-(3) Box 14 PSB 091.3 Italy Box 14 PSB 091.3 United Kingdom (1)-(3) Box 14 PSB 091.4 Africa Box 14 PSB 091.4 Asia Box 15 PSB 091.4 Doctrinal Warfare (1)-(4) Box 15 PSB 091.4 Eastern Europe (1)-(5) Box 15 PSB 091.4 LENAP (1)(2) Box 15-16 PSB 091.4 Middle East (1)-(5) Box 16 PSB 091.4 Southeast Asia (1)(2) Box 17 PSB 091.4 United States (1)-(3) [Project Candor and atomic energy speech] Box 17 PSB 091.412 (1)-(3) [propaganda] Box 17 PSB 092. [U.S. prestige abroad; Rosenberg Case] Box 18 PSB 092. USSR (1)-(4) Box 22 PSB 334 Advisory Group on Psychological and Box 22 PSB 334 LENAP Box 22 PSB 334 President’s Committee on International Information Activities (PCIIA) [Jackson Committee] Box 22 PSB 334 POC [Psychological Operations Coordinating Committee; memoranda re POC meetings January to April 1953 re USSR, Korea and other cold war developments] Box 23 PSB 334 PSB (1)-(4) [experiences and organization of PSB] Box 23 Background material for PSB [history of PSB’s first year] Box 23-24 PSB 334 UN [Henry Cabot Lodge project on publicizing communist vulnerabilities on human rights at United Nations] Box 24 PSB 337-Minutes Box 25 PSB 350.05 [Intelligence Abstracts] [cover developments around world and continue in the OCB Central Files Series] Box 26 PSB 381 United States [U.S. prestige abroad] Page 60 of 69

Box 26 PSB 383.4 [espionage and spies; Rosenberg Case] Box 26 PSB 383.6 [prisoners of war; U.S. POWs during Korean War] Box 26-27 PSB 383.7 [escapees] Box 28 PSB 387.4 Korea Box 28 PSB 388.3 [disarmament; Eisenhower’s Chance For Peace speech; Atoms For Peace speech] Box 29 PSB 470 [armaments and American Policy; Project Candor] Box 29 PSB 702.5 (1)(2) [brainwashing during Korean War] Box 29 PSB 729.2 [biological warfare propaganda]

Special Staff File Series Box 2 Coordination of Foreign, Political, Military, Economic, Information and Covert Operations Box 2 Decline in U.S. Prestige Abroad Box 3 East-West Exchange Box 3 Human Effects of Nuclear Weapons Box 3 Importation of Communist Propaganda Box 3 Intelligence Box 4 CP Iraq (Philip Halla’s Files) (1)-(6) [memoranda of meetings of Special Committee on Iraq, 1958-61] Box 4 Jackson Committee Box 4 Labor Service Organization Box 6 Overseas Internal Security Program Box 6 Russian Anti-Soviet Political Activities Box 7 Special Staff Memos (1)-(3) [Volunteer Freedom Corps; Stalin’s death] Box 7 Soviet Satellites in Eastern Europe Box 7 Soviet Vulnerabilities Box 8 Technical Surveillance Countermeasures Box 8 U.S. Information Program [image of America; USIA status reports; Geneva Conference] Box 8 USSR Box 8 Volunteer Freedom Corps Box 9 Memos for the Vice President [communist propaganda; Jackson Committee report; Volunteer Freedom Corps]

White House Office, Office of the Special Assistant For National Security Affairs (Robert Cutler, Dillon Anderson and Gordon Gray): Records, 1952-61.

FBI Series. This 16 box series focuses heavily on FBI reporting on Communist subversion and propaganda within the United States and consists primarily of memoranda from FBI Director, J. Edgar Hoover addressed to the Special Assistant for National Security Affairs, plus FBI monographs and reports. Box 1-3 FBI correspondence A- Z Box 4 FBI Intelligence (1)-(3) [] Box 7 Communist Propaganda in the United States Parts VI & VII [entertainment, organizations] Box 8 Communist Propaganda in the United States Part V Press and Publications Box 11 The Menace of Communism in the United States Today Box 12 The Educational Program of the Communist Party USA, Part II [inner party schools]

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Box 12 Soviet Military, Naval and Air Representatives in the United States [covert operational methods, Feb. 1955] Box 15-16 Communist Strategy and Tactics

NSC Series, Briefing Notes Subseries Box 4 [CIA Foreign Broadcast Information] Box 5 Communism in Eastern Europe Box 5 Communist countries, Report re Difference Between] Box 5 [Communist Developments in Bulgaria, Report re] [1959] Box 7 [East-West Educational and Cultural Exchanges] Box 9 [Human Effects of Nuclear Weapons Development] (1)-(4) Box 11 Indochina 1954 Box 11 [Italian Political Situation and U.S. Policy Toward Italy 1953-60] Box 12 [Miscellaneous; 1956-60; NSC 5412 activities ; Communist propaganda] Box 12 [Morale and Physical Condition of U.S. Military Personnel] 1960 Box 14 [People-to-People, Proposed Award 1960] Box 15 [Psychological Aspects of United States Strategy, 1955-57] Box 15 [Radio Facilities in the Mideast, 1958] Box 16 [Soviet Dominated Nations in Eastern Europe, U.S. Policy Toward] Box 18 [USSR-Report on U.S. Policy For the Exploitation of Soviet Vulnerabilities 1954] Box 18 USSR-[U.S. Policy Toward Russian Anti-Soviet Political Activities 1955] Box 18 U.S. Advisory Commission on Information [1959] Box 18 [United States Information Agency 1954-60] Box 19 [U.S. Overseas Radio Broadcasting 1957-60] Box 19 [Volunteer Freedom Corps] Box 19 [Yugoslavia and Poland, U.S. Policy toward, 1958-60]

NSC Series, Policy Papers Subseries. See also Disaster File Series, NSC Staff Papers for additional set of NSC numbered policy papers. Several numbered papers, particularly for the Truman period are found there but not here; on the other hand a few papers may be found here but not in Disaster File Series. Users should consult both series. Box 1 NSC 59/1- Psychological Warfare Planning Box 1 NSC 67/3 Policy Toward Italy Box 1 NSC86/1 Defectors, Escapees & Refugees from Communist Areas Box 3 NSC 126 [public statements re atomic weapons] Box 3 NSC 127/1 Psychological Warfare Planning Box 3 NSC 137/1 Effect of Radio as Psycho. Medium Upon Nat. Interest in Electro. Mag. Plans Box 4 NSC 143/2 Volunteer Freedom Corps (1)(2) Box 5 NSC 154 U.S. Tactics Immediately Following an Armistice in Korea Box 6 NSC 157 U.S. Objectives with Respect to Korea Following an Armistice Box 6 NSC 158 Exploiting Unrest in the Satellite States Box 7 NSC 165/1 United States Information Agency Box 7 NSC 169 Electromagnetic Communications [broadcast jamming] Box 7 NSC 170/1 Korea Box 8 NSC 174 Policy Toward Soviet Satellites in Eastern Europe Box 10 NSC 5412/2 Covert Operations Box 11 NSC 5421 Studies with Respect to Possible U.S. Actions Regarding Indochina [includes OCB material on psychological aspects of situation]

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Box 13 NSC 5434/1 Military Assistance Program [use of constabulary forces in countries threatened by ] Box 14 NSC 5502/1 Russian Anti-Soviet Political Activities Box 14 NSC 5505/1 Exploitation of Soviet and European Satellite Vulnerabilities Box 16 NSC 5523 Volunteer Freedom Corps Box 17 NSC 5607 East-West Exchanges Box 17 NSC 5608/1 Policy Toward Soviet Satellites in Eastern Europe (1)(2) Box 19 NSC 5616/2 Interim U.S. Policy on Developments in Poland and Hungary Box 20 NSC 5705/1 U.S. policy toward certain contingencies in Poland Box 20 NSC 5706/2 Defectors, Escapees and Refugees from Communist Areas Box 24 NSC 5808/1 Policy Toward Poland Box 25 NSC 5812/1 Psychological Warfare Planning

NSC Series, Status of Projects Subseries Box 3 NSC 142 (5) [the psychological program] Box 3 NSC 142 (6) [foreign intelligence program; internal security program] Box 4 NSC 161, Vol. II (3) [the psychological program] Box 4 NSC 161, Vol. II (4) [the foreign intelligence program; the internal security program] Box 4 NSC 5407 (6) [the USIA program; foreign intelligence program] Box 4 NSC 5407 (7) [the internal security program] Box 5 NSC 5430 (5) [USIA program] Box 5 NSC 5430 (6) [intelligence and related activities; internal security] Box 5 NSC 5430 (7) [comparable data on Soviet Bloc; activities of OCB] Box 5 NSC 5509 (7) [USIA program] Box 5 NSC 5509 (8) [intelligence; internal security; activities of OCB] Box 6 NSC 5525 (6) [USIA program] Box 6 NSC 5525 (7) [intelligence; internal security; OCB activities] Box 7 NSC 5611, Part II (3) [USIA program; foreign intelligence program] Box 7 NSC 5611, Part II (4) [internal security; activities of OCB] Box 7 NSC 5720 (5) [USIA program Box 7 NSC 5720 (6) [foreign intelligence program; internal security] Box 8 NSC 5819 (5) [USIA program; foreign intelligence program] Box 8 NSC 5819 (6) [internal security program] Box 8 NSC 5912 (6) [USIA program; foreign intelligence program Box 8 NSC 5912 (7) [internal security program] Box 9 NSC 6013 (4) [USIA program] Box 9 NSC 6013 (5) [foreign intelligence program; internal security] Box 10 Key Data Book - Status of U.S. National Security Programs in Relation To Approved Objectives [1953; intelligence; comparable date on Soviet Bloc; activities of OCB]

NSC Series, Subject Subseries Box 4 Jackson Committee Report [1953; material re report of President’s Committee on International Information Activities] Box 4 Legislative Program and Congressional Relations (1) [Volunteer Freedom Corps] Box 5 Miscellaneous (1) [international information activities; establishment of OCB; Stalin’s death] Box 5 Miscellaneous (2) [Psychological Strategy Board report re Thailand]; (4) [Communist Propaganda]; (5) [education and exchange programs] Box 7-8 President’s Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities [materials, including reports on intelligence, clandestine activities and other cold war matters] Page 63 of 69

Box 9 Project Solarium, Report to the NSC [Task Forces A, B and C] [These major studies included psychological aspects of proposed U.S. actions vis-à-vis the Soviet Bloc in various regions of the world] Box 10 Project Solarium 1953 Box 10 Psychological Aspects of U.S. Strategy

OCB Series, Administrative Subseries Box 1 [numerous scattered references to Eastern Europe and Satellites] Box 2 [U.S. Advisory Commission on Information] Box 3-5 OCB Minutes of Meetings [see also OCB Secretariat Series, NSC Staff Papers for more complete set of OCB meeting minutes] Box 5 Special OCB Committee (1)-(5) [social-capitalism; Afro-Asian Conference; relations with USSR; information and propaganda] Box 5 Special OCB Committee (Chron File) (1)-(8) [David Sarnoff article re Program for Political Offensive against World Communism; USIA activities; psychological initiative in the cold war]

OCB Series, Subject Subseries. This file falls primarily into the period 1955-61. See also OCB Central Files Series, NSC Staff Papers for extensive documentation for 1953-mid 1957 period. Most folders in this series are relevant to studies of information and propaganda. Selected folders are listed below. Box 1 Africa Box 1 Coordination of Informational and Public Opinion Aspects of National Security Policy Box 1 Cultural Exchange and Training, Education, etc. Box 2 East-West Exchange program Box 2 Electromagnetic Communications [broadcast jamming; Voice of America; U.S. Advisory Commission on Information; broadcast policy] Box 2 Escapees and Refugees Box 2 Exhibits, Fairs [U.S. participation in trade fairs; U.S. exhibit in Moscow] Box 2 Freedom Academy; [proposed academy for teaching methods for resisting communism] Box 2 Hungary Box 3 Image of America [foreign opinion of U.S.; foreign reaction on racial issue; USIA studies of foreign public opinion] Box 3 International Voluntary Services Report Box 3 Korea [popular uprisings; U.S. programs in Korea] Box 3 Latin America [educational programs; U.S. internal security programs] Box 3 Militant Liberty [concept of liberty vs. communism in underdeveloped countries] Box 3 Miscellaneous (1)-(5) [OCB working groups; bacteriological warfare; open house for world youth; Quantico meeting and open skies proposal; anti-Communist meeting in Mexico] Box 4 Miscellaneous (6)-(11) [anti-communist goals; international exchange of technical information; racial factors in international relations; psychological warfare] Box 4 National Security Policy- Basic [public awareness of Communist confrontation] Box 4 Near East- Radio Broadcasting [Voice of America; broadcasting facilities in Middle East] Box 4 Nuclear Energy Matters (1) [On The Beach; release of information] Box 5 Overseas Internal Security [prevention of communist subversion abroad] Box 5 People-to-People (1)-(7) Box 6 Psychological Warfare Planning Box 6 Southeast Asia [civil activities] Box 6 Soviet and Related Problems Page 64 of 69

Box 6 Soviet Dominated Nations- Eastern Europe Box 8 Third World Congress Against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs-Tokyo Box 8 Weapons and Technological Field [possible actions to increase confidence in U.S. capabilities]

Papers Received Since January 10, 1961 Series Box 1 Papers received since January 10, 1961 (1)-(6) [Cold War power positions; Soviet dominated nations of Eastern Europe; Voice of America; foreign intelligence activities]

Special Assistant Series, Chronological Subseries Box 1 May 1955 (1) [internal security program; Volunteer Freedom Corps] Box 1 July 1955 (3) [Volunteer Freedom Corps] Box 1 August 1955 (2) [psychological aspects of future U.S. strategy] Box 1 September 1955 (1) [Volunteer Freedom Corps] Box 3 March 1956 (2) [human effects of nuclear weapons development] Box 3 May 1956 (5) [U.S. policy on Soviet and satellite defectors] Box 3 June 1956 (6) [East-West exchanges] Box 4 November 1956 [developments in Poland and Hungary] Box 4 January 1957 (2) [reorganization of the Operations Coordinating Board] Box 6 February 1959 (2) [Voice of America]

Special Assistant Series, Name Subseries Box 2 E-General J (1) [exchange of scholars, U.S.-USSR]; (3) [Eisenhower’s proposals at Baylor University for educational facilities abroad] Box 2 G-General (1) [1956-57] [Dr. Eli Ginzberg’s paper, “Misconceptions of the West Concerning the of the Middle East”] Box 3 K-General (1) [1954-55] [Representative Charles Kersten and Volunteer Freedom Corps] Box 3 K-General (3) [1958-59] [Colk Kintner book Forging a New Sword] Box 4 R-General (3) [1957-59] [M.J. Rathbone and Middle East nationalism] Box 4 S-General (1) [1955-56] [anti-Stalin campaign; David Sarnoff memo re political offensive against world communism] (5) [1957; also Sarnoff views]

Special Assistant Series, Presidential Subseries Box 1 President’s Papers 1953 (5) [NSC 158 re Soviet Satellites]; (8) [use of radio in psychological operations]; (9) [President’s Committee on International Information Activities]; (10) [effect of U.S. economic policies on United Kingdom] Box 2 President’s Papers 1954 (5) [coordination of economic, psychological and political warfare] Box 2 President’s Papers 1955 (1) [coordination of economic, psychological and political warfare; NSC 5412/2; OCB]; (7) [NSC 5412/1] Box 3 President’s Papers 1956 (3) [anti-Stalin campaign] Box 3 Meetings with the President 1958 (1) [USIA and Voice of America] Box 3 Meetings with the President 1958 (4) [Arab nationalism] Box 4 Meetings with the President 1959 (1) [NSC 5412]; (2) [East-West student exchanges; Dali Lama] Box 4 Meetings with the President June-December 1959 (1) [Sprague Committee]; (2) [5412 activities]; (3) [Committee on International Information Activities; USSR jamming]; (4) [NSC 5412 matters; C.D. Jackson meeting]; (6) [Russian exchange students] Box 4 1960 Meetings with President Volume I (1) [Report on Moral and Physical Condition of U.S. Personnel]; (2) [NSC 5412 matter]; (4) [Dali Lama]; (5) [NSC 5412 matters]; (6) Page 65 of 69

[NSC 5412 matters]; (7) [Sprague Committee; NSC 5412 matters]; (8) [NSC 5412 matters] Box 5 1960 Meetings with President Volume 2 (2) [5412 Group]; (8) [5412 activities]; (9) [5412 matters; Sprague Committee]

Special Assistant Series, Subject Subseries Box 1 Atomic Energy Commission-General (2) [Operation Candor] Box 2 Civil and Defense Mobilization, Office of (1) [radio broadcasting facilities abroad] Box 2 Code of Conduct Program (Defense) (1)-(5) [re Korean War and U.S. POWs and conduct during captivity] Box 3 Covert Acquisition of Strategic Intelligence Information Box 3 Department of Defense (4) [Cold War Advisory Panel] Box 5 Elliott, William Y. (4) [education and training of foreign nationals in political warfare]; (5) [cultural coordination] Box 7 Princeton Study Group (C.D. Jackson) [foreign economic policy] Box 10 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1)(2) [speech by Khrushchev before 20th Communist Party Congress attacking Stalinism, February 1956; CIA report re foreign section of Communist Party Central Committee]

White House Office, Office of the Staff Secretary: Records of Paul T. Carroll, Andrew J. Goodpaster, L. Arthur Minnich, and Christopher H. Russell, 1952-61. This collection is a key source of documentation on most aspects of national security policy during the Eisenhower Administration with emphasis on crisis management, relations with countries, international trips, intelligence, nuclear policies, military planning and defense matters and continuity of government. Information on the psychological impact of U.S. Government activities can be found scattered throughout these records. Below are listed selected folders from various series. Please consult the finding aid for additional information about these records.

Emergency Action Series. Estimated 8,000 pages of correspondence, memoranda, reports and exercise documents regarding Operation Alert and continuity of government planning in general.

International Series Box 4 CIA Policy Paper re Cuba [March 17,1960] Box 10-11 Laos Situation Reports, August 1960-January 1961 [JCS and CIA reports detailing diplomatic, military, para-military and psychological aspects of Crisis in Laos 1960-61] Box 16-18 USSR, Khrushchev and TASS Reports

International Trips and Meetings Series Box 1 Geneva Conference of Heads of Government-several folders Box 3 NATO File No. 1 (1)-(4) [public opinion and NATO] Box 3 NATO File No. 2 (1)-(5) [report on Non-military Cooperation in NATO] Box 7 Vice President’s Trip to Russia and Poland (1)-(3) Box 8-9 Khrushchev Visit (several folders)

L. Arthur Minnich Series Box 1 Miscellaneous I [Indo-China] Box 1 Miscellaneous J [U.S. Information Library] Box 1 Miscellaneous R [Russian cultural relations]

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Subject Series, Alphabetical Subseries Box 1 Governor Adams (6) [Soviet propaganda] Box 2 Air Force, Department of the (4) [paper by Dr. Stefan Possony “Comments on Soviet Conflict Doctrine”] Box 7 Cantril, Hadley (1)(2) [India; U.S.-USSR relations] Box 21-22 Operations Coordinating Board (several folders) [psychological warfare; overseas understanding of U.S. assistance; cold war strategy; USSR launching of moon vehicle; report re Soviet landing on moon; Khrushchev visit to U.S.] Box 24-25 U.S. Information Agency (1)-(8) [People-to-People; broadcasting facilities; Khrushchev visit; post summit trends in British and French opinion of U.S. and USSR; U.S.-USSR power balance]

Subject Series, Department of Defense Subseries Box 10 SAC Exercises (1)-(9) [ programs]

Subject Series, Department of State Subseries Box 1 State Department 1956 (2) [Hungary] Box 1 State Department 1957 (5) [Cardinal Mindszenty] Box 2 State Department 1957 June-July (2) [Cardinal Mindszenty] Box 2 State Department 1957 August-October (2) [Cardinal Mindszenty] Box 2 State Department November 1957-January 1958 (6) [] Box 2 State Department 1958 February-April (3) [U.S.-USSR student exchanges] Box 3 State Department 1958 May-August (4) [trade fairs] Box 4 State Department [various references to Cardinal Mindszenty]

Subject Series, White House Subseries Boxes 2-4 [weekly summaries of NSC Planning Board and Operations Coordinating Board activities; folders entitled General Robert Cutler, Gordon Gray and William Jackson]

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SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Burnette, Mary Catherine. The Art of Persuasion: The Role of the Leaflet in Psychological Warfare During World War II. M.A. Thesis, Emporia State University, Emporia, Kansas, 1993

Buschbaum, John H. German Psychological Warfare on the Russian Front, 1941-1945. Washington, DC: Office of the Chief of , Department of the Army (undated draft manuscript)

Daugherty, William (in collaboration with Morris Janowitz). A Psychological Warfare Casebook. Baltimore: Press, 1958

Dudziak, Mary L. Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000

Erdmann, James M. Leaflet Operations in the Second World War. James Erdmann 1969 (Reprinted by Institute Printing)

Laurie, Clayton D. The Propaganda Warriors: America’s Crusade Against . Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1996

Hixon, Walter L. Parting the Curtain: Propaganda, Culture, and the Cold War, 1945-1961. New York: St. Martins Griffin, 1997

Lerner, Daniel. Sykewar: Psychological Warfare Against Germany, D-Day to VE Day. New York: G.W. Stewart, 1949

Marchio, James D. “The Planning Coordination Group: Bureaucratic Casualty in the Cold War Campaign to Exploit Soviet-Bloc Vulnerabilities.” Journal of Cold 4 (Fall 2002): 3- 28

Medhurst, Martin J., ed. Eisenhower’s War of Words: Rhetoric and Leadership. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1994

Medhurst, Martin J., Robert Lk. Ivie, Philip Wander, and Robert L. Scott. Cold War Rhetoric: Strategy, Metaphor, and Ideology. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1990

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