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Final Sea Report VOLUME 1: MILESTONE 3 - FINAL SEA REPORT Strategic Environmental Assessment of Wood Buffalo National Park World Heritage Site It will be iniS May 2018 FINAL REPORT: Strategic Environmental Assessment of Wood Buffalo National Park COVERING LETTER Independent Environmental Consultants 70 Valleywood Drive, Suite 200 Markham, ON, L3R 4T5 Tel/Fax: 844-736-7369 PSX16-0057 30 May 2018 Parks Canada Government of Canada 145 McDermot Avenue Winnipeg MB R3B 0R9 Attention: Katherine Cumming National Manager of Impact Assessment, Natural Resource Conservation Branch RE: Final Strategic Environmental Assessment of Potential Cumulative Impacts of all Developments on the Outstanding Universal Value of Wood Buffalo National Park World Heritage Site Independent Environmental Consultants (IEC) is pleased to submit this final Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) report. This two-volume report is being submitted in accordance with completion of Milestone 3 of the above noted Contract. Yours very truly, Independent Environmental Consultants Donald M. Gorber, PhD, P. Eng. President Page i FINAL REPORT: Strategic Environmental Assessment of Wood Buffalo National Park ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The journey to complete this Strategic Environmental Assessment has involved the gathering of a significant volume of available information, including both western science and Indigenous Traditional Knowledge. All of this has been accomplished through phone discussions with government staff, researchers, industrial associations and Non-Government Environmental Organizations, and face-to-face meetings with the local Cree, Dene and Métis representatives. This valuable and graciously provided information has made this report a more complete and holistic document. In particular we valued the participation, cooperation, direct input, and review from the Indigenous groups in and around the Wood Buffalo National Park, including Mikisew Cree First Nation, Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation, Fort Chipewyan Métis Local 125, Little Red River Cree Nation, Salt River First Nation, Smith’s Landing First Nation, K’atlodeeche First Nation, Deninu K’ue First Nation, and Northwest Territories Métis Nation (Hay River Métis Government Council and Fort Smith Métis, and Fort Resolution Métis Council). These groups have a generational commitment to the land, water and animals of the park and its surrounding area. They have lived there since long before the park was formed and, in remembering what it was like in the past, hope to restore it for future generations. They are proud and eloquent peoples with the ability to cut to the heart of the issue to develop powerful sayings such as “Water is Boss”, which directly communicate their thoughts in a very meaningful way. The various meetings with Elders, councillors, land users and other community members were extremely valuable to this report. In spite of sharing their stories many times for similar studies, the land users were very generous with their time and participated in the SEA process in good faith. Each of the Indigenous groups were given an opportunity to review, edit and provide input to the report before it went out to others for review. For these generous and open contributions, we are extremely grateful. There are many researchers working on environmental, social, cultural, Indigenous and engineering issues related to the park. Where there were alternative views on topics, we have tried to present both sides. We thank those researchers for their valuable input. To all members of the IEC team and all your valuable contributions, a heartfelt thanks. In particular, the endless hours put in by Lisa White and Cole Atlin in researching, writing, editing and meeting with the Indigenous peoples has to be recognized. Lastly, this was a Parks Canada project. Their help in directing, coordinating, writing and editing the report, facilitating meetings with researchers, government partners, and Indigenous groups and providing guidance throughout the project was an extremely valuable contribution. Specifically, the extensive input and involvement by Katherine Cumming, Steve Oates, Patrick Yarnell, Stuart Macmillan, Cam Zimmer and Don Aubrey is greatly appreciated. Page ii FINAL REPORT: Strategic Environmental Assessment of Wood Buffalo National Park VOLUME 1: FINAL SEA REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS COVERING LETTER ............................................................................................................................................................ I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................................................................................... II SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................ VIII DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................................................................. XV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1: ASSESSMENT SCOPE AND FOCUS ............................................................................................................................1-1 The World Heritage Convention ...............................................................................................................................1-1 1.1.1 Initiating Petition ........................................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.2 Request for an SEA ......................................................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.1.3 Reactive Monitoring Mission ......................................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.1.4 Request for Action Plan .................................................................................................................................................. 1-3 Introduction to Strategic Environmental Assessment ...............................................................................................1-4 1.2.1 Cumulative Effects and SEA ........................................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.2.2 Cumulative Impacts to Indigenous Ways of Life ............................................................................................................ 1-6 1.2.3 Benefits of SEA ............................................................................................................................................................... 1-8 Purpose of the SEA ....................................................................................................................................................1-9 Guiding Principles ...................................................................................................................................................1-10 1.4.1 World Heritage Values ................................................................................................................................................. 1-10 1.4.2 Ecological Integrity ....................................................................................................................................................... 1-10 1.4.3 Indigenous Rights and Ways of Life.............................................................................................................................. 1-11 Approach to the SEA ...............................................................................................................................................1-12 1.5.1 Study Limitations.......................................................................................................................................................... 1-13 1.5.2 Changes Based on the Review of the Draft Scoping Report ......................................................................................... 1-14 1.5.3 Structure of the SEA ..................................................................................................................................................... 1-15 CHAPTER 2: SITE CONTEXT ...................................................................................................................................................2-1 Wood Buffalo National Park .....................................................................................................................................2-1 World Heritage Values ..............................................................................................................................................2-2 Indigenous Perspectives on the SEA ..........................................................................................................................2-3 2.3.1 Indigenous Perspectives on World Heritage Values ....................................................................................................... 2-5 2.3.2 Concerns about Water Levels in the PAD ....................................................................................................................... 2-5 2.3.3 Negative Histories Between Parks Canada and Indigenous Peoples .............................................................................
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