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Proposed Tshwane Open Space Framework

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Proposed Tshwane Open Space Framework PROPOSED TSHWANE OPEN SPACE FRAMEWORK VOLUME 1 STATUS QUO NOVEMBER 2005 i TSHWANE OPEN SPACE FRAMEWORK VOLUME 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Consultants: Holm Jordaan Group Strategic Environmental Focus Internal CTMM Departments: Housing, City Planning and Environmental Management Department Service Delivery Department Legal and Secretarial Services Division Office of Chief Financial Officer Economic Development Department Provincial Departments: Gauteng Department of Agriculture Conservation and Environment i TSHWANE OPEN SPACE FRAMEWORK VOLUME 1 ABBREVIATIONS BID Business Improvement District CBO Community-Based Organisation CMOSS Cape Town Metropolitan Open Space System C-Plan Conservation Plan CTMM City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality DEAT Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism DMOSS Durban Metropolitan Open Space System ECA Environmental Conservation Act, 1989 (Act 73 of 1989) EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ERP Environmental Resources Plan GIS Geographical Information System GPMC Greater Pretoria Metropolitan Municipality Ha Hectare I&AP Interested and Affected Party ICLEI International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives IDP Integrated Development Plan JMOSS Johannesburg Metropolitan Open Space System MAR Mean Annual Run-off MEC Member of Executive Committee MFMA Municipal Finance Management Act MSDF Metropolitan Spatial Development Framework NWA National Water Act, 1998 (Act 36 of 1998) NEMA National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act 107 of 1998) NEMPA National Environmental Management Protected Areas Act, 2003 (Act 57 of 2003) NGO Non-Governmental Organisation PED Park Enhancement District PDR Purchase of Development Rights PNE Protected Natural Environment RSDF Regional Spatial Development Framework SADC Southern African Development Community SPD Special Park District TDR Transfer of Development Rights TOSF Tshwane Open Space Framework MIG Municipal Infrastructure Grant ii TSHWANE OPEN SPACE FRAMEWORK VOLUME 1 GLOSSARY OF TERMS Biodiversity The variability among living organisms from all sources including, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part and also includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. Biome A major biotic community characterised by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate e.g. grassland, savanna, forest. (Little Red Data Book of the Mammals of South Africa) City Development Strategy A bold initiative of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (CTMM) to influence the development path of the City over the next 20 years, highlighting seven critical focus areas. City Vision “An internationally acclaimed African capital city that empowers the community to prosper in a safe and healthy environment”. Conservancy A contractually legitimated co-management entity which involves two or more recognised land and resource authorities formed for the use and conservation of natural resources on land under their jurisdiction. C-Plan The Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Environment’s C-Plan focuses on the mapping and management of biodiversity priority areas within Gauteng. The C-Plan includes protected areas, irreplaceable and important sites due to the presence of Red Data species, endemic species and potential habitat for these species to occur. Cultivated An area which is still perceived as predominantly “green” but that is no longer in its natural state and has been developed by human intervention and care for human use. Development A process for improving human well-being through a reallocation of resources that involves some modification of the environment. It addresses basic needs, equity and the redistribution of wealth. Its focus is on the quality of life rather than the quantity of economic activity. Ecological cycles A variety of processes, driven ultimately by solar energy that maintain ecosystems by sustaining life and replenishing renewable resources. They include Nutrient, Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and water cycles. Ecological corridors Roadways of natural habitat providing connectivity of various patches of native habitats along or through which faunal species may travel without any obstructions. Ecological integrity Based on the concept of biological integrity described as “the ability to support and maintain a balanced, integrated, adaptive community of organisms having a species composition, diversity and functional organisation comparable to that of natural habitat of the region” (Karr and Dudley, 1981). iii TSHWANE OPEN SPACE FRAMEWORK VOLUME 1 Ecological sensitivity Sensitivity of vegetation habitat types mapped digitally onscreen from 1m resolution orthophotos, assessed using a pair-wise comparison matrix based on the following criteria: Red Data species habitat· Percentage Disturbance Species Diversity Percentage Alien infestation Local Importance Regional Importance Ecological footprint The bio-productive space used for producing the environmental resources consumed in the city and for absorbing the waste produced. Ecological integrity The sum of the biological, physical and chemical components of an ecosystem, and their interactions which maintain the ecosystem and its products, functions and attributes. Ecosystem A dynamic complex of animal, plant and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit. Environment The surroundings within which humans exist and that are made up of- (i) the land, water and atmosphere of the earth; (ii) micro-organisms, plant and animal life; (iii) any part or combination of (i) and (ii) and the interrelationships among and between them; and (iv) the physical, chemical, aesthetic and cultural properties and conditions of the foregoing that influence human health and well- being. Environmental goods and Such goods and services includes- services benefits obtained from ecosystems such as food, fuel and fibre and genetic resources; benefits from the regulation of ecosystem processes such as climate regulation, disease and flood control and detoxification; and cultural non-material benefits obtained from ecosystems such as benefits of a spiritual, recreational, aesthetic, inspirational, educational, community and symbolic nature. Externalities Economic activities that cause uncompensated environmental loss or damage to others. Globalisation The drive to create a single world market, mainly by large corporations with global interests, mostly situated in the developed world. It encourages conformity to global standards and economic approached by governments and promotes a single global lifestyle Habitat In relation to a specific species, a place or type of site where such species naturally occurs. iv TSHWANE OPEN SPACE FRAMEWORK VOLUME 1 Indigenous specie In relation to a specific area, a species that occurs, or has historically occurred, naturally in a free state in nature within that specific area, but excludes a species introduced in that area as a result of human activity. Internalisation The incorporation of externalities into market prices. Management Open Space Management which include aspects and activities in relation to planning, development implementation and operational maintenance. Natural An area existing in or produced by nature, not artificial or imitated, where vegetation is usually dominant, where little human intervention has taken place and which is not intensively utilised by humans. Nature Conservation Area As defined by the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality’s By-Laws on Public Amenities: any area classified as such according to the method used by the Nature Conservation and Resorts Section of the Municipality to classify nature conservation areas . Nature Reserve An area, declared, or regarded as having been declared, in terms of section 23 of the National Environmental Management Protected Areas Act, 2003 (Act 57 of 2003) as a nature reserve; or an area which before or after the commencement of this Act was or is declared or designated in terms of provincial legislation for a purpose for which that area could in terms of section 23(2) be declared as a nature reserve, and includes an area declared in terms of section 23 (1) as part of an area referred to in the above. Open Space Areas predominantly free of building that provide ecological, socio- economic and place-making functions at all scales of the metropolitan area. Open Space, developed Open Space that is actively maintained and depending on its function has been formalised. Formalisation can in relation to ecological Open Space imply fencing, walkways, site utilities and can in relation to socio- economic and placemaking Open Space, imply soil preparation, formalised watering systems, kikuyu grass covering (where relevant), hard surface covering, fencing, tree planting, play equipment and site furniture. Open Space, semi-developed Open Space that is maintained and depending on its function has been semi-formalised. Semi-formalisation can in relation to ecological Open Space imply fencing, and limited site utilities and can in relation to socio- economic and placemaking Open Space, imply semi-formalised watering systems, existing grass covering, fencing, limited tree planting, play equipment, limited site furniture. Open Space, undeveloped Open Space that is maintained and depending on its function has not been developed at all. Undeveloped can in relation to ecological Open Space imply fencing and can in relation to socio-economic and placemaking Open Space, imply rudimentary
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