SA Yearbook 02/03: Arts and Culture

Photograph: Nadine Hutton/PictureNET Africa Chapter 5 Arts and Culture

The Department of Arts and Culture deals with The words of the first stanza were originally matters pertaining to arts and culture and written in isiXhosa as a hymn. renders State archive and heraldic services at Seven additional stanzas in isiXhosa were national level. later added by the poet Samuel Mqhayi. It became a popular church hymn that was later adopted as an anthem at political meet- Policy and legislation ings. It has been translated into most of South Africa’s official languages. The Council of Culture Ministers makes important decisions on policy matters of national impact, and consists of the Minister and National flag Deputy Minister of Arts, Culture, Science and The national flag of the Republic of South Technology and members of provincial execu- Africa was taken into use on Freedom Day, tive councils responsible for arts and culture. 27 April 1994. The design and colours are a synopsis of principal elements of the country’s flag history. National symbols The central design of the flag, beginning at the flag-pole in a ‘V’ form and flowing into a National anthem single horizontal band to the outer edge of The national anthem of South Africa is a the fly, can be interpreted as the convergence combined version of Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika of diverse elements within South African soci- and The Call of South Africa (Die Stem van ety, taking the road ahead in unity. The flag Suid-Afrika) and is played at all State occa- was designed by the State Herald. sions. The Call of South Africa was written by When the flag is displayed vertically against CJ Langenhoven in May 1918. The music was a wall, the red band should be to the left of composed by the Reverend ML de Villiers in the viewer with the hoist or the cord seam at 1921. Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika was composed in the top; when it is displayed horizontally, the 1897 by Enoch Sontonga, a Methodist mission hoist should be to the left of the viewer and school teacher. the red band at the top. When the flag is displayed next to or behind the speaker at a meeting, it must be placed to the speaker’s The Department of Arts and Culture will embark on a right. When it is placed elsewhere in the R180 million skills training programme over the next three years for the creative industries including crafts, meeting place, it should be to the right of the film, music and live events. audience.

97 South Africa Yearbook 2002/03

National Coat of Arms individual South Africans and eminent foreign South Africa’s Coat of Arms was launched on leaders and personalities. Freedom Day, 27 April 2000. The Order of Mapungubwe will be awarded A central image of the Coat of Arms is the to South African citizens for excellence and famous secretary bird with its uplifted wings. exceptional achievement. It reflects the Above the bird is the rising sun, a force that ancient Kingdom of Mapungubwe, which gives life while representing the flight of dark- existed in the northern corner of South Africa ness and the triumph of discovery, know- a millennium ago. ledge, the understanding of things that have The Order of the Baobab will be awarded to been hidden, illuminating also the new life South African citizens for distinguished service that is coming into being. Below the bird is the well above and beyond the ordinary call of duty. protea, an indigenous flower of South Africa, It will be awarded for exceptional contributions which represents beauty, the aesthetic har- towards the struggle for building democracy mony of all the cultures, and South Africa and human rights, nation-building and com- flowering as a nation. The ears of wheat munity service, and peace and security. are emblems of the fertility of the land while The Baobab tree is known across Africa and the tusks of the African elephant, reproduced its many legends and mysteries represent the in pairs to represent men and women, sym- spirituality of the South African nation. It is an bolise wisdom, steadfastness and strength. essential meeting place for communities and, At the centre stands a shield, which signi- among other things, plays an important role in fies the protection of South Africans from one the health of the people because of its medic- generation to the other. Above it repose a inal properties. spear and a knobkierie. Together, this asserts The Order of the Companions of OR Tambo the defence of peace rather than a posture of will be awarded to Heads of State and other war. This shield of peace, which also suggests personalities for peace, co-operation and an African drum, conveys the message of a friendship towards South Africa. people imbued with love for culture. Its upper OR Tambo was a great humanitarian, a self- part is a shield being imaginatively represent- less internationalist and a committed African, ed by the protea. who, among other things, developed an inter- Contained within the shield are some of the national movement of solidarity against earliest representations of humanity in the racism and apartheid throughout the world. world. Those depicted were the very first inhabitants of the land, namely the Khoisan people. These figures are derived from images National symbols on the Linton Stone, a world-famous example South Africa’s national symbols are: of South African rock art. The motto of the • national animal: springbuck Coat of Arms, !Ke e:/xarra//ke, written in the • national bird: blue crane Khoisan language of the /Xam people, means • national fish: galjoen diverse people unite or people who are differ- • national flower: king protea ent joining together. • national tree: real yellowwood.

National orders The new national orders were unveiled by Arts and culture organisations President Thabo Mbeki on 27 April 2002 at the Freedom Day celebrations in Bloemfontein, National Heritage Council Free State. These national orders are the high- The National Heritage Council Act, 1999 est awards that the country can bestow on (Act 11 of 1999), established a framework and

98 Nationl bird: Blue Crane

The Order of the The Order of The Order companions of OR Tambo Mapungubwe of the Baobab

National animal: Springbuck

The National fish: Galjoen

National flower: King Protea

National tree: Real Yellowood South Africa Yearbook 2002/03

institution that co-ordinates the heritage sec- Geographical Names Council Act, 1998 (Act tor, including archives, museums, heritage 118 of 1998). The Council advises the Minister resources, geographical names and libraries. on the transformation and standardisation of In addition to funding projects in these official geographical names in South Africa. areas, the Council also serves as a policy ad- The objectives of the SAGNC are to: visory body to the Minister, a lobby for and • facilitate the establishment of provincial raiser of additional funding, a strategy- geographical names committees determining and planning body and a pro- • ensure the standardisation, transformation moter of international liaison. and implementation of geographical names • promote the use of standardised South African geographical names at international South African Heritage Resources level • promote awareness of the economic and Agency (SAHRA) social benefits of the standardisation of The National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act geographical names. 25 of 1999), has established SAHRA, which The Council has jurisdiction over all names of replaced the National Monuments Council. geographical features and entities falling with- This body manages the heritage resources of in the territories over which the South African the country in co-operation with similar new Government has sovereignty or jurisdiction agencies in the provinces, by implementing acquired by treaty. legislation that is in line with international The following principles are adhered to: trends in the heritage resources field. • each individual feature entity should have only one official name • the following types of geographical names South African Geographical should generally be avoided: - approved names of places elsewhere in Names Council (SAGNC) South Africa The SAGNC is an advisory body appointed by - names of places in other countries, and the Minister of Arts, Culture, Science and names of countries Technology in terms of the South African - names that are blasphemous, indecent, offensive, vulgar, unaesthetic or embar- Information rassing - names that are discriminatory or derog- The French National Assembly voted unanimously on 21 February 2002 to repatriate the remains of Sarah atory with regard to race, colour, creed, Bartmann to South Africa. gender, political affiliation or other social Born near the Gamtoos River in 1789, Bartmann was taken to London in 1810 by a British ship's doctor who factors persuaded her that she could make a fortune by - names consisting of personal names displaying her body to curious Europeans. without a generic element On arriving in Britain, she was paraded around circuses, museums, bars and universities, where she - names that may be regarded as an adver- had to show off her protruding posterior and unusual tisement for a particular product, service genitalia. or firm Bartmann died an impoverished prostitute in Paris in 1816. - names of living persons. Her remains were kept at the Museum of Mankind in The Council has commenced the review of Paris. The remains of Bartmann were returned to South names that have not previously been submit- Africa early in May 2002. ted for approval. Names that appear to have In August 2002, Bartmann was enrobed in traditional racist connotations have been referred to rel- clothing according to a sacred rite performed by the Khoisan as preparation for her burial, which took place evant authorities and communities for com- at Hankey in the Eastern Cape on Women’s Day. ment and suggested substitutes.

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South Africa Yearbook 2002/03

As the national body, the SAGNC has been to the Performing Arts Companies (PACs), will assigned, among its duties, to facilitate the receive funding for three years to assist them establishment of Provincial Geographical to become sustainable. Names Committees (PGNCs). According to the The Baxter Theatre, which played a crucial Act, the Council must set guidelines for the role in the development of theatre, will also be operation of PGNCs and municipalities in funded by the NAC with a minimum of their respective areas of jurisdiction. R500 000 for the next three years to pursue In 2002, the SAGNC approved the names of developmental projects. post offices and other place names, e.g. name changes of towns in the former Northern Province (now Limpopo). Performing Arts Companies Publications of the Council are available in PACs, currently established in terms of print and on the website in all 11 languages at Section 21 of the Companies Act, 1973 (Act 61 http://www.dacst.gov.za/arts_culture/culture/ of 1973), assist in creating a sustainable per- heritage/sagnc/english.htm. forming arts industry based on access, excellence, diversity and redress. They encourage the development of the full range of perform- National Arts Council (NAC) ing arts. The institutions include: The main task of the NAC is to advise the • the State Theatre (Pretoria) Minister on arts policies for the country, in • the Playhouse Company (Durban) addition to distributing funds to artists and • the ArtsCape (Cape Town) arts organisations and for bursaries. • the Market Theatre (Johannesburg) The Department of Arts and Culture has • the Windybrow Theatre (Johannesburg) allocated an additional R20 million to the NAC • the Performing Arts Council of the Free for the 2002 – 2005 financial years. State (Bloemfontein). In order to develop and transform the per- The key challenge in 2001 was to restructure forming arts, the Department has identified the PACs to achieve financial sustainability as the following projects: playhouses and to release funds for South • the Indigenous Song and Dance Troupe, Africa’s wide array of arts companies. which requires estimated funding of R1 mil- In July 2002, the Minister of Arts, Culture, lion until 2005. A panel of experts to Science and Technology, Dr Ben Ngubane, research and train a cultural performance announced that the R10 million savings from group will be constituted. playhouses would be distributed to arts com- • the Cultural Capital City of South Africa con- panies in provinces where cuts were effected cept, which requires an estimated amount and would be allocated to new initiatives and of R1 million. This will primarily promote projects that would bring about equity and cultural tourism and develop infrastructure transformation within the performing arts. in partnership with local authorities. This announcement was in line with the • historical black arts institutions will be al- recommendations of the Gobodo Report, located R4 million based on their business released in October 2001. plans. Some of these institutions include Funda Arts (Gauteng), Sibikwa Community Theatre Project (Gauteng), Community Arts Business Arts South Africa (BASA) Project (Western Cape), Rorke's Drift Centre BASA was launched in 1997 as a joint initi- (KwaZulu-Natal), DAKAWA (Eastern Cape), ative between the Government, through the and The Bat Centre (KwaZulu-Natal). Department, and the business sector, to assist In addition to these projects, arts companies, in securing the future development of the arts including those that were previously attached industry. BASA’s aim is to promote and

102 Arts and Culture ships between itself and the arts and culture community as part campaign. Helping-Culture’ of its ‘Culture- important contributions of such role-players as journalists administrators, and educators around strategic issues, such as support for support as such issues, strategic around the arts the through National Lottery The Legacy Project was approved by • establishing mutually-beneficial relation- • the which annual the Awards, recognise ACT pensation through proactive initiatives such as: • forums, conferences and campaigns Cabinet as a mechanism to establish that will be structures based memorative on com- a coherent set of principles and Legacy Project principles were developed criteria. tak- The ing into consideration the need for consultation redress, with affected parties, mental sensitivity environ- and linking heritage economic with development. In in coherence maintain to seeks Project Legacy essence, the aligning the resources and expertise of gov- acknowledge to system a establish to ernment and honour a largely neglected part of South Africa’s inheritance. At the same time, it seeks Arts and initiatives culture project Legacy Monuments, museums, plaques, outdoor art, symbolic representa- and other heritage trails tions create visible reminders of and the many memorate aspects of South Africa’s com- past. Other cultural organisations non-gov- of number a been always have There ernmental organisations (NGOs) and operating organisations cultural munity-based com- in South Africa. The majority of these organisations have never received State Since March support.1996, however, the emphasis in funding has shifted to assist communities organisations, and projects, which were previously not for considered funding. 103 , which is continues to partner BASA in Business of the Arts This creates an incentive for business to BASA is a member of the International Business Day BASA will be partnering Summit TV in a new a in TV Summit partnering be will BASA BASA and Proudly South African have Arts and Trust Culture (ACT) to finance launched in October 1994 was ACT and manage funding for the Africa. arts The Trust, in with Nelson South Mandela as its chief patron, has Nedbank, Sun International, the Ministry of Arts, Vodacom and Technology, the Dutch Govern- Culture, Science and ment as its major funders. seeks to build The a better Trust arts and also culture dis- encourage encourage sustainable partnerships between the business sector and the arts their mutual sector benefit and to to that of the community at large. With Government, BASA has introduced funding what was from the initially called a matching grant scheme, now where scheme, grant supporting the as known additional funds are made available to support the sponsorship of arts organisations or events. sponsor the arts on the basis of identifying strategic marketing or promotional pro- also It sponsorship. such through tunities oppor- vides the arts sector with an opportunity to approach sponsors on the basis of potential benefits to their business. In addition, BASA is actively seeking to liftof the arts the in profile South Africa and to develop business skills within the arts community to that the arts do demonstrate have real value for the sponsor and encourage business involvement. to retain its Network of Business Arts Associations, linking with similar organisations internationally. its annual to awards acknowledge the importance of private sponsorships to the development of the arts. series called agreed to enter into reciprocal membership of membership reciprocal into enter to agreed each organisation. specifically aimed at business and arts partnerships. South Africa Yearbook 2002/03

to change the nature of commemoration by level has been initiated to promote and creating spaces that are people-friendly and protect the Khoisan heritage. In November accessible. The Legacy Project includes: 2001, the Minister of Arts, Culture, Science • Women’s Monument: A Monument to com- and Technology met with a delegation memorate the contribution of the women of the National Khoisan Consultative of South Africa to the struggle for freedom Conference. A number of issues were dis- was unveiled by President Thabo Mbeki on cussed, namely: 9 August 2000 at the Union Buildings in - the portrayal of Khoisan people in South Pretoria. The ceremony marked the day, 44 African museums years ago, when 20 000 women marched - the diorama in the South African Museum to the Union Buildings to protest against - the economic empowerment of the the Government’s pass laws. Khoisan people and the importance of • Anglo-Boer/South African War of 1899 – cultural values within South Africa 1902: 1999 saw the start of the centenary - the erection of a monument, the founding commemorations of the War. The Centenary of a national institute, a museum for Commemoration of the Peace Treaty of Khoisan heritage studies and the establish- Vereeniging was held on 1 June 2002. ment of a Khoisan Heritage Route. The • Chief Albert Luthuli Centenary Commem- Route will be developed by SAHRA and will oration Project: The Department is in the incorporate heritage resource centres such process of renovating the home of Chief as houses of memory and a wide range of Albert Luthuli in Stanger, KwaZulu-Natal, in national and provincial heritage sites. order to pay homage to South Africa’s first • Freedom Park Project: Construction of the Nobel Peace Prize winner. Freedom Park Project, a memorial to the • Battle of Blood River/Ncome Project: anti-apartheid struggle to be built on Following the unveiling of the Ncome Salvokop in Pretoria, began in 2002 and is Monument on 16 December 1998, the scheduled for completion in time for the Ncome Museum was opened on 26 No- 10th anniversary of the first democratic vember 1999. election on 27 April 2004. The following • Samora Machel Project: The Samora physical elements are proposed: a Garden Machel Monument in Mbuzini, Mpumalanga of Remembrance, memorial, museum and was unveiled on 19 January 1999. a number of commercial facilities. Some • Nelson Mandela Museum: The Museum R50 million has been allocated to the was opened on 11 February 2000. It is Freedom Park Project in 2002/03. The being developed as a single component Project was launched by President Mbeki comprising three elements, namely a on 16 June 2002. museum in Umtata, a youth centre at Qunu and a visitors’ centre in Mvezo, where the former President was born. Thanks to dona- Arts and culture education tions, the scheme has mushroomed into a series of halls, shops and gardens. and training • Constitution Hill Project: The Old Fort Prison in Hillbrow, Johannesburg, is being devel- Before 1994, training and education in the oped into a multidimensional and multi- fields of arts and culture was the domain of purpose precinct that will house the a privileged, small minority with the result that Constitutional Court and accommodate the majority of South Africans remained large- various constitutional commissions. ly deprived of the opportunity to engage in • Khoisan Project: Consultation with relevant and develop creative skills. role-players at national, provincial and local The Department of Arts and Culture in part-

104 Arts and Culture effective teacher training in the arts and to address to action of plan sectoral a develop challenges, career paths and employment opportunities grammes and curricula in arts, culture, and and curricula in grammes arts, culture, the under accredited management heritage NQF and a range of new cultural management with skills directly challenges facing relevant the sector to the abilities to participate more effectively in the arts the non-formal sector and community arts centres Cultural Cultural festivals, African cuisine projects, The research suggested the The Lubombo, research Wild A survey in 1997 into cultural tourism activ- tourism cultural into 1997 in survey A • curriculum development and accreditation. • bringing together people committed to • developing a range of sector-specific pro- • developing the capacity of people with dis- cultural cultural villages, heritage routes and telling story- were highlighted Working to as these areas. revenue would attract activities that closely with resorts, national parks and other tourist destinations and attractions, cultural producers, consumers and cultural tourists can be linked into an economic network. Coast and Maputo Corridor SDIs areas. as focus ities in three Spatial Development Initiatives (SDIs) yielded a wealth of survey information. The identified areas where intervention could government help cultural workers benefit cultural tourism. from to Cultural Cultural tourism is one of growing the sectors of the multibillion-Rand most inter- rapidly national tourism industry and is an which South Africa area is well-placed to in compete. galleries museums, innovative and Professional and theatres are key attractions for tourists. cultural Based on the success of crafts cultural and projects, the Department will spend R95 million of this poverty-alleviation towards end over the next few years. funding Cultural Cultural tourism 105 The education and training strategy pro- The strategy aims to increase community Training is critical for the development of Strategic objectives include: accredited arts education and training by The new education policy reflects a clear commits the Department to play a significant facilitative role in arts and culture education training.estab- and been has subdirectorate A lished to manage this process. vides and develops access to arts education and training for all formal and non-formal South sectors as well as the Africans in the workplace. awareness of the developmental, edu- economic culture and arts of value educational and cation. An to and integrated holistic approach arts education that strengthens the relationship between the formal and non-formal arts education and training sectors, arts tioners, practi- community arts structures, cultural and heritage institutions, institutions schools, and tertiary the being cultural promoted. industries is to achieve both arts the and develop- culture, mental and economic potential of the sector. It needs to absorb the Qualification African new South the in out set policy ment environ- Authority Act, 1995 (Act 58 of 1995), and the (Act 97 of 1998), Skills Development Act, 1998 which both fall National within Qualifications the ambit Framework Training also (NQF). of needs to be market-driven the and in harmony with the development.human resource current thinking on • ensuring the continued of provision quality, nership nership with the Department of Labour and the Media, Advertising, Authority, Publishing, Training Education Sector Packaging Printing, (MAPPPSETA), will embark on a R180-million skills training programme for live and music film, crafts, including industries the creative events over the next years. three commitment to introduce an effective transformed education and in arts and culture to and non-formal sectors in the formal learners The learning. lifelong of part fundamental a as White Paper on Arts, Culture and Heritage South Africa Yearbook 2002/03

Cultural villages • increasing local and international demand Most tourists visiting South Africa are eager to for cultural products explore the country’s cultural diversity. At the • encouraging the industries to work together same time, an increasing number of local • generating information tourists want to learn more about the lives of • continuing to raise the profile of the cul- people they were separated from under tural industries in the media and in govern- apartheid. (See chapter: Tourism.) ment departments. Various projects around the country offer Projects under way include: insight into South Africa’s cultural wealth, rang- • Crafts: At national level, in conjunction with ing from traditional dances and rituals in the the Department of Trade and Industry, a rural areas to excursions into the urban and small exporters council that includes crafts township milieux that give South Africa its is being established. A glass bead factory defining features. These include Khaya Lendaba was expected to be established in 2002. A (The Place of Creative Enlightening Talk) near handbook for crafters was published and Port Elizabeth; the Basotho Cultural Village situ- widely distributed to crafters nationally. ated in the QwaQwa Nature Reserve near • Film and television: The film industry has Harrismith, Free State; the Makhosini Cultural taken the initiative to establish a cluster to Village and Tourism Initiative in the Valley of collaborate on projects to develop the indus- Kings at Umgungundlovu in KwaZulu-Natal; try. The Department has approached the in- Lesedi Cultural Village near Johannesburg; dustry to form a national co-ordinating body. Tlholego in Magaliesburg; the KoMjekejeke • Music: After an investigation by the Music Cultural Village north of Pretoria; the Mapoch Industry Task Team, the Department has Ndebele Village in Winterveld, north-west of identified key priority areas. They are: Pretoria; the Gaabo Motho Cultural Village in - developing and/or implementing an ef- Mabopane; the Rainbow Cultural Village west of fective and enabling legislative framework. the Hartbeespoort Dam, North West; - education and training in the music Botshabelo in Middelburg, Mpumalanga; and industry. The Department is working with Shangana in Hazyview, Mpumalanga. the Department of Labour to address this. - investigating the livelihood of the music industry. Cultural Industries - promoting and resourcing the music industry. Growth Strategy - facilitating the establishment of an export council for the music industry. The project Cultural industries have been identified by is facilitated by the Music Industry Cabinet as economic key growth areas. An Development Initiative Trust (comprising amount of R20 million has been allocated to MIDI, major record companies, independ- cultural industries in 2002/03. ent labels and other stakeholders. The aim of the Cultural Industries Growth - liaising with the Department of Home Strategy is to enhance the potential of South Affairs to establish a new accreditation African cultural industries to contribute to job system to monitor the activities of foreign and wealth creation. The project began with a artists in the country. research and strategy development phase, - ensuring that the needs of the arts sector resulting in detailed analyses of the craft, film are incorporated in Sector, Education and and television, music and publishing industries. Training Authority (SETA) structures. The key recommendations were: • Publishing: The Print Industries Cluster is • developing education and training oppor- continuing its strategic work to develop the tunities sector.

106 Arts and Culture The Department of Arts and Culture and the and Culture and Arts of Department The It is not easy to separate dance from Choral music is very important in South The well-known Market Theatre in Johan- Department Department of Environmental Affairs Tourism have jointly and established a forum of festival directors to maximise tourism opportunities. Awesome Africa Music in Festival Durban and Macufe in Bloemfontein. theatre theatre in South Africa, as the two are closely linked in indigenous works. very which of many choirs, adult and School Africa. supported business,by corporate regular- are ly hold competitions. nesburg nesburg kept South African through the theatre alive apartheid is based on its local con- reputation years. Theatre’s The Market establish- the is trend new A productions. tent the from art move to theatres smaller of ment domain of the privileged. A growing number of directors are doing original South African works. Music South African music is characterised by its fusion of diverse musical forms. Local musicians tapping are into the rich musical inheritance of South Africa, while also remaining open to the influence of music countries. from The other blend that arises from these diverse cultural influences evident in all music forms, including the work is becoming of local classical composers who have begun potent a in instruments musical African use to fusion of traditions. Theatre The performing arts marketed South Africa most effectively to overseas audiences during the eighties, specifically through theatre and musical productions. As a is internationally African acclaimed theatre as result, South unique and of top-class standard. 107 is a , The One City and Festival Aardklop Klein Karoo Nasionale Kunstefees There There is also growing interest and parti- The worked worked closely Johannesburg, Cape Town and with Durban on the strategies to cities include culture regeneration. of in Projects linked urban to alleviation were poverty launched in the Warwick area near Durban. In future, work will done in the nodes be nine urban regeneration around the country towards a strategy for arts urban through and renewal culture. involved in mobilising the arts and culture Skills the to according SETAs form to sector Development Act, 1998. This Department led commissioning a sector to skills the being located and arts and culture strategy, in the MAPPPSETA. Skills plans were sub- mitted to the Department of Labour and a creative industries skills development programme was planned for 2002. Mamelang Afrika Arts Alive International Other festivals that attract visitors at both Arts festivals July in annually held Festival, Arts National The of one is Cape, Eastern the in Grahamstown in the largest and most diverse arts gatherings of its kind staged in Africa, rating favourably with similar international festivals. It features southern African talent in all arts disciplines. cipation from other African countries and the of rest the world. • Urban regeneration: The Department has • The SETAs: Department has been integrally vibrant festival for the performing arts present- arts performing the for festival vibrant in Afrikaans. It is but not exclusively, ed mainly, held annually at Oudtshoorn in the Western Cape at the end of March. Disciplines include and classi- cabaret, and drama, contemporary cal music. of festival annual Johannesburg’s Festival, Arts music, dance, theatre poetry, was and hosted for the performance 11th time by the city in September 2002. Oppikoppi, are level international and national Calabash, South Africa Yearbook 2002/03

Township jazz and blues, especially the The project focuses on live performances kwela music of the forties and fifties, are also and the selling of South African music in pub- being redefined. Techno-raves and house lic places such as airports and stations. The music have found their own variations in project is targeting emerging artists who get local culture. Musicians from all over Africa the opportunity to perform and to sell their perform in nightclubs throughout South products. Africa. The Department continues to support pro- The results of a report study by KPMG, jects that are aimed at promoting local music. released in 2001, show that the South African To this end, the Department staged the South music recording industry experienced strong African Music Week from 24 to 31 August 2002, growth in sales by value between 1995 and during which the South African music industry 1997. However, by 1998 year-on-year growth in celebrated its quality and diversity. sales by value started to decline, dropping below average consumer price inflation. By 2000, the industry experienced a negative Dance growth rate of 12,4% in sales by value, resulting in total retail value of R1 043,5 million for South African dance is unique in its vitality, the year. The loss in value was driven by a 16% energy and integrity. More and more South reduction in the total number of units sold. African dance companies and individual This decrease means that South Africa is now dancers and choreographers are invited to ranked as the 25th largest music market in perform at festivals throughout Europe, the world, slipping three places from its 1999 Australia and the United States (US). ranking. Contemporary work ranges from the Despite the overall decline in the South unconventional to normal preconceptions of African music recording industry, South movement and performance art or perform- African music had increased its market share ance theatre. to 23% of total sales by value during 2000 or Added to these is the African experience, 38% of total unit sales. The local industry which includes traditional dance, inspired by employs more than 20 000 people, and more wedding ceremonies, battles, rituals and the than one-third of the music bought by South trifles of everyday life. Africans is generated in South Africa. An informal but highly versatile perform- The Department of Arts and Culture ance venue in Johannesburg, called The secured funds from the Poverty-alleviation Dance Factory, provides a permanent platform Fund for job creation in the arts and culture for all kinds of groups. industry. ‘Music in Public Places’ is one of the The Wits Theatre (attached to the University strategies for young artists’ development and of the Witwatersrand) is also a popular dance the promotion of South African music. venue. It is home to the annual Dance Umbrella, which usually takes place over three weeks from the end of February. It is comple- Information mented by workshops and performances by The Royal Swedish Academy of Music announced in visiting international groups. The festival pro- March 2002 that Miriam Makeba’s work would be vides a free platform for the full spectrum of honoured with the Polar Music Prize for 2002. She shared the award with Russian composer Sofia southern African contemporary dance. Gubaidulina. Only new and indigenous choreography is The prize – worth about R1,6 million – is awarded accepted and no previous experience is to musicians who had given their all to world music. required. The concept has also been launched The prizes were presented to Makeba and Gubaidulina by His Majesty King Carl Gustaf XVI of in Cape Town, Bloemfontein, Durban and Sweden on 27 May 2002. Grahamstown.

108 Arts and Culture Three painted stones were also found at the at found also were stones painted Three The oldest painted stones (6 400 years) The oldest dated rock art in South Africa, an Africa, South in art rock dated oldest The On the sandstone immortalised canvas are Rock engravings are scattered throughout non-profit, private organisation that conserves that organisation private non-profit, buildings and of restores historical and architectural importance. Klasies River Caves, which yielded the ond-oldest sec- stone, dating back 3 900 years. were were recovered at Boomplaas Cave Cango near Valley Oudtshoorn. in the engraved engraved stone, was discovered in floor a 10 200 living years old at Wonderwerk Cave near Kuruman in the Northern Cape. visions of the artists’ spiritual complex symbols and metaphors to illustrate world, using the supernatural powers and potency nature. from received they the interior on flat rock surfaces and boulders. and surfaces rock flat on interior the The art works mainly depict hunter-gatherers and their relationship with the animal world, historical events, and interaction observation of with newcomers encroaching upon and their living space. Indigenous spears and Nguni cattle, Khoi-Khoin fat-tailed people with sheep, European settlers on horseback with rifles, wagons, ships and soldiers in uniform in captured were surprising detail. Crafts employs about one million industry The crafts people. The crafts are exported all over the world. Rock art There are many traces of people of ancient cultures who roamed the country in the dis- tant past. The San people left a priceless and unique collection of Stone Age paintings and engravings in South Africa, the largest in the world. The Drakensberg range and the Cape mountains, mountains, especially home are to fascinating art rock panels. the 109 Heritage SA (until recently the Simon van National and international photographic These range from arts publications and The Department considers the visual arts, Started in 1934 as the University of Cape Architecture to heritage, architectural rich a has Africa South which all the cultural groups in have the contributed. country The statutory SAHRA organisation conserves buildings of architectural value. To date, historical more than 4 or 000 buildings, sites and other monuments. national declared been have trees) objects (including der Stel Foundation) is the most important Photography Various South African photographers been have acclaimed for their mentary work. There are a growing number art of and docu- South African photographers such coffee documentaries, produce who Magubane as Peter table books and other material. salons are held in South Africa annually, and on out- bestowed are national awards various standing local photographers. Visual arts The Department of Arts and Culture supports a number of projects to promote the visual arts. women empowerment national programmes and international to funding. exhibitions infrastructure and crafts and design as integral to arts and cul- In ture. its development of the arts, it is particularly interested in the application of inter- disciplinary technology to art. Town Town Ballet Company, the Cape Ballet Town City is the oldest ballet country. company Ninety-nine in percent the of employed by the the company local are artists. artists South Africa Yearbook 2002/03

The development of South Africa’s crafts Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) industry is an ongoing priority for government linked with various rural craft projects to through the Department of Arts and Culture. develop new products. In Thohoyandou, the There are numerous role-players involved in Ifa textile project is producing fashionable various initiatives to develop this sector. handbags in traditional Venda design while The work of various bodies and institutions the crafters of the Lubombo SDI in northern can be categorised into areas such as train- KwaZulu-Natal have incorporated minimal ing, marketing, information provision, supply design interventions in their designs to pro- of raw material, co-ordination, and funding or duce butter dishes, thus creating new mar- financing. keting opportunities. The Department, in partnership with other government departments and role-players, aims to address the co-ordination of the sec- Design tor, develop a national strategy for craft financing, marketing and development, and The Department of Arts and Culture has been find a suitable vehicle to develop and grow examining the status of the design industry in exports of South African craft products. South Africa. It has launched a number of ini- The National Crafts Development Initiative, tiatives aimed at creating centres of expertise. spearheaded by the NAC and supported by These have promoted collaborative ventures several national bodies, is one such example, between the private and public sectors in providing a platform for growing the local areas of product design, the use of computer- market by staging craft fairs at various levels. aided design, and computer-aided engineer- The biggest intervention from government ing. The initiatives are the following: and other craft development agencies is with • the launch of the National Product regard to training. It covers areas such as Development Centre at the CSIR. This initi- product development, product design and ative operates within a national framework, diversification, sustainable use of raw mater- optimising the contributions of service- ials, craft techniques and skills, costing and providers throughout the country in the pricing, marketing and selling, running a crafts area of design technologies. business, and financial management as well • the successful launch and promotion of the as business administration. computer-aided design initiative at the CSIR, An example of this is the rural development which is linked to the technology station at projects in Limpopo where the Council for Free State Technikon as well as technikons in KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape. • the Women’s Monument at the Union Information Buildings in Pretoria. • the 5th International Design Indaba which Selected crafters from across South Africa got the was held in Cape Town in February 2002. opportunity to show-case their goods to thousands of international delegates and the public at the World Summit for Sustainable Development in Johannesburg during August and September 2002. The national Crafts Literature Imbizo housed more than 200 projects/exhibitors at a time. Exhibitors changed every 10 days to allow more crafters the opportunity to exhibit.The crafts selected to South Africa has a vibrant and rich oral tradi- participate at the Imbizo were accredited by Proudly tion. This form of expression goes back many South African, which is not only a country-of-origin label, but also represents a bench-mark in quality, local centuries and has been passed down from content, fair labour practice and environmental generation to generation as an important way sustainability. The idea of the Imbizo was to showcase of sharing advice, remembering history, telling South Africa’s very finest crafts and to create and broaden market opportunities. stories and reflecting on contemporary

110 Arts and Culture The increase in the number of television A number of large South African media As part of its campaign to boost the film South Africa is at the cutting-edge in terms The establishment of film offices in the Through established industry players, South players, industry established Through channels available to South African viewers demand for local in an increased has resulted programming from the television South In quotas. content local imposed to due channels Africa, locally television produced productions popular extremely are among viewers. companies have acquired production companies to increase their capabilities media The and revenue in entertainment sector. the generated from television production constitutes approximately 36% of the total annual film/television revenue. industry, industry, the City of Cape Town supported a series of workshops for potential producers and directors. of imagination, technology and product qual- with a wealth of experienced, talented and ity, skilled people, both operational at management level. and advanced Combined technology employed across with the this industry, talent provides foreign investors the and producers with an infrastructure. January excellent 2002 support was month ever for with filming the in Cape the Town, best Film Office issuing 600 permits, with 300 compared permits issued in December 2001. Most permits were for photo shoots third were for films. Film and but photo shoots in a amounted to 950 shooting in January the city days. Most of the commercials shot in Cape followed were from France, by Town Germany and Britain, with some from Belgium the Italy, and Scandinavia. Turkey, US, Israel, provinces provinces is meant to support mentioned services. the above- Africa offers film administration facilitation, management logistics services, which and ensure the smooth production of South Africa. This is films achieved through world- in class facilities and professional tators. film facili- and television by projects 30%. 111 A Story of the Atlantic : Ama . Manu Herbstein won the . The Pickup The Department of Arts and Culture has commissioned by the to a report According grown has government by provided Funding At the end of September 2000, the African All indigenous languages are catered for, There is an English literary museum in In March 2002, Nadine Gordimer won Slave Trade Film The National Film (NFVF), and which was formed with the promulga- Video Foundation tion of the NFVF Act, (Act 1997 of 73 is 1997), the key institution co-ordinating and promoting this industry. The Council translated the objectives of of the Act the into spe- NFVF cific strategies that sensitive are to the needs of the industry. allocated R35 million over for years the establishment for of a Film Fund the next three the NFVF. The Fund is international investment. expected to attract Department, the local film industry generates close to R1,4 billion annually. worth of production to R18 million for 2002, thus increasing the budget by 69%. This sup- to continue enabled office, permanent a establish the NFVF to port and host key industry development initiatives and increase grant allocations to film society. society. Creative writing finds expression in most of the languages of South Africa. Languages Literary Museum was opened at the University of South Africa, Pretoria. and authors featured Serudu, include Prof EM Maja Ramaila, Semakaleng Monyaise. It also features OK books, Matsepe manuscripts, old and typewriters used by portraits. antiques and authors’ African writers, some Grahamstown and an Afrikaans museum in Bloemfontein. the Africa regional Commonwealth Writer’s Prize competition for Best Book of with the regional regional competition of the Commonwealth Writer’s Prize for South Africa Yearbook 2002/03

South African broadcasters are exploring avoid risking an XX classification, which will opportunities to distribute local productions remove a particular issue of a magazine from into the rest of Africa through direct sales and circulation after it has appeared. through a form of bartering, where content is Publications are also classified when a exchanged for advertising airtime. This is complaint that a certain publication be clas- expected to increase demand for locally pro- sified is lodged with the Board. duced television content. In terms of the legislation, the Board may Sithengi, the South African International ban the distribution of visual material con- Film and Television market, is one of the mar- taining: keting and promotion strategic initiatives of • sexual acts involving persons under the age the NFVF conducted annually. of 18 years or who appear to be under the The three largest film distributors in South age of 18 years Africa are Ster-Kinekor, UIP and Nu-Metro. • bestiality Ster-Kinekor has a specialised art circuit • explicit violent acts that promote violence called Cinema Nouveau with theatres in • material that promotes religious hatred Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban and • explicit violent acts coupled with sexual Pretoria. conduct. Although such material, classified as XX, is only banned from distribution, the possession Film and Publication Board of child pornography is a criminal offence. The Films and Publications Act, 1996 (Act 65 People found guilty of possessing child of 1996), propagates freedom of expression in pornography could face up to five years in the arts, freedom of religion, the protection of prison for each item found. The Act has been children from potentially harmful and disturb- amended to include the regulation and con- ing material, the protection of dignity, the pro- trol of child pornography on the Internet and tection of privacy, and the principles of natu- a more precise definition of what constitutes ral justice. It invades privacy only where child child pornography. The Act also provides for pornography is concerned. the regulation of trade in previously banned, The Film and Publication Board no longer sexually explicit material. Adult shops that do censors, but classifies movies and imposes not comply with the requirements of the Act age restrictions. There is no pre-classification could be closed by the Board for up to a year. of magazines, but publishers can voluntarily The Board has classified the following num- apply to have their magazines classified to ber of films: 1998/99: 1 548 general, 5 742 pornography; 1999/00: 2 395 general, 1 052 pornography; 2000/01: 1 554 general, 392 Information pornography and 2001/02: 1 796 general, 581 South Africa’s international film and television market, pornography. Sithengi, was held in November 2002 at the Artscape The Film and Publication Board is funded Complex in Cape Town. by an annual grant of approximately R4 mil- Sithengi annually attracts over 1 500 delegates from more than 42 countries who gather to network lion. A total of 60% of the budget is spent on with film producers and distributors. the remuneration of film examiners. It features an exhibition, conferences, educational meetings, workshops and pitching forums. The core programme of Sithengi is the Product Market, which deals in the buying and selling of the Museums and monuments completed product. The Pitching Forum aims to bring about the buying and selling of ideas, and film and Museums are the windows on the natural and television programmes yet to be made, which may require development or co-production partners, or a cultural heritage of a country. South Africa can combination of investment and pre-sales. justifiably be called the museum country of

112 Arts and Culture Very popular is the Robben Island Museum. Very The Act also provides for a National Council National a for provides also Act The In terms of the Cultural Institutions Act, The Southern Flagship (renamed Iziko It was established as a national monument and museum, declared as South Africa’s first World Heritage Site in 1999, and has administered been by to offered his- Guided tours are the 1997. January Department since in cell the including Island, the on sites torical which former President Nelson Mandela was imprisoned. The Robben Island Museum has its own council and is a separate declared of Museums, museums and comprising the other declared museums. the This organisation will function as an umbrella Flagship body between the declared Department museums, and and its the main functions will comprise the development of codes ethics and general of museum policies. 1998, 1998, the declared museums in other provinces continue to operate as before. These include the National Museum and the Anglo- William Museum (Bloemfontein), the Boer War Humphreys Art Gallery (Kimberley), the Natal Museum and the (Pietermaritzburg), the South African Institute Voortrekker Museum for Aquatic Biodiversity in Grahamstown (formerly the JLB Smith Institute for Ichthyology) and the Foundation for Education, and in Science Technology Pretoria, which manages a science and technology museum. Museums of Cape Town) consists of the South the of consists Town) Cape of Museums African Museum, South History Museum African and its Cultural satellite museums, the William Gallery, the South African National Collection Fehr and the Michaelis Collection. • Nelson Mandela Museum, Umtata. The Northern Flagship consists of the National Cultural History Museum (NCHM) former and satellite its museums (Kruger Tswaing Crater House, Museum, Sammy Museum, Pioneer Museum, Agricultural Willem Prinsloo Marks Museum and the Museum), the Coert Transvaal Museum Steynberg of History Natural in Pretoria and National Museum of Military The History. latter the South African is based in Johannesburg. 113 According According to the Cultural Institutions Act, The following museums currently report to Grahamstown fontein Africa, with the earliest of its museums dating Today, century. 19th the of half first the to back more than 300 of the approximately 1 000 museums in Africa are Africa. They range situated from museums of geology, in South sciences and the arts to the biological history, mining, agriculture, forestry and many other disciplines. Most of the museums country’s are declared national cultural institutions (national museums that have autonomy and framework are managed jurisdiction overall the by under fall and councils) their own of the Department of Arts and Culture. They receive an Department, but otherwise are autonomous. annual subsidy from the a sys- new of streamlined 1998), (Act 119 1998 tem was established on 1 April which 1999 under the declared institutions terms of this Act, operate. the declared museum insti- In grouped are Town Cape and Gauteng in tutions together into two new organisations, known as Flagship Institutions. While the components of these two museum flagships (the museums from which they have been constituted) continue to operate as seums to with semi-independent their regard functions core (col- mu- lecting, preservation, research and education), other functions, particularly financing administration, and human management,resources have been centralised. the Minister of Arts, Technology Culture, Science in and Institutions Act, 1998: terms of • the Northern Flagship Institution, Pretoria Cultural • Iziko Museums, Cape Town • Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg • National Museum, Bloemfontein • Paarl Afrikaanse Taalmuseum, • National English • Literary Museum, Pietermaritzburg Voortrekker • Museum, Bloem- Republics, Boer the of Museum War • Robben Island Museum, Cape Town • Kimberley William Art Humphreys Gallery, • Engelenburg House Art Collection, Pretoria South Africa Yearbook 2002/03

institution, independent of Iziko. The amount • Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg of R15 million has been allocated for a new • National Museum, Bloemfontein (fossils) harbour wall on Robben Island. • McGregor Museum, Kimberley Apart from the declared museums that fall • East London Museum (coelacanth) under the Department, there are also a number • South African Institute for Aquatic Bio- of other national museums, which are adminis- diversity, Grahamstown (fish) tered by central government departments or by • Port Elizabeth Museum research councils. Notable examples are the • Durban Museum of Natural History. Museum of the Council for Geoscience The best-known cultural history collections are (Pretoria), the Theiler Veterinary Science housed in the Iziko museums and the Northern Museum at Onderstepoort (Pretoria), the South Flagship Institution, as well as in the following: African Air Force Museum at Air Force Base • National Museum, Bloemfontein Zwartkop (Pretoria) with its satellites in Cape • Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg Town, Port Elizabeth and Durban, the museum • Durban Local History Museum of the Department of Correctional Services • MuseumAfrica, Johannesburg. (Pretoria) and the Porcinarium (the world’s first Among the art museums are the following: pig museum) outside Pretoria on the Irene • The South African National Gallery, Cape campus of the Agricultural Research Council. Town A number of museums fall directly or in- • Johannesburg Art Gallery directly under the provincial government • Pretoria Art Museum departments responsible for arts and culture. In • William Humphreys Art Gallery, Kimberley. some provinces, these museums render mu- The South African Cultural History Museum in seum support services at provincial level, while Cape Town houses the oldest cultural history other provinces, notably Gauteng, KwaZulu- collection in the country – in a magnificent Natal, Western Cape and the Free State, have old building to which modern facilities have separate museum service organisations. been added. However, many museum and heritage ser- The South African Museum showcases the vices are also rendered by the declared natural history of South Africa, as well as the national museums on a consultancy basis. early human inhabitants of the subcontinent. Many municipalities also manage museums. The huge whale hall houses possibly the most Other museums fall under universities and impressive of all its exhibitions. This is also the university departments or are owned and only collection in South Africa with a planet- managed by private-sector companies, NGOs arium attached to it. and individuals. The Transvaal Museum in Pretoria houses The largest museums are situated in the skull of Mr Ples (until recently Mrs Ples), a Johannesburg, Pretoria, Cape Town, Durban, 2,5-million-year-old hominid fossil, and Pietermaritzburg and Bloemfontein. The best- depicts the origin and development of life in known natural history collections in South South Africa, from the most primitive unicellu- Africa are housed in the Iziko museums and lar form of life to the emergence of mammals the Northern Flagship Institution, as well as in and the first human beings. It has a collection the following: of early human fossils. The Tswaing Meteorite Crater is situated to the north-west of Pretoria. It is an example of Information the new way a museum is combined with cul- At the end of November 2001, the Apartheid Museum tural development in order to support the opened its doors. Close to Gold Reef City, Johannesburg, Presidential Imperatives. it boasts an array of multimedia exhibitions tracing the history from 1888, when gold was discovered on the The NCHM (former African Window) in Witwatersrand. Pretoria is a centre for the preservation and

114 Arts and Culture The work of the war-graves division of the South Africa has two national military his- The archives of central government are pre- are government central of archives The SAHRA includes the upkeep of graves of victims of graves of upkeep the includes SAHRA Africa. South of liberation the for struggle the of tory tory museums. The South African Museum for Military History in Johannesburg reflects the military history of the country, while the War Museum in Bloemfontein depicts the Anglo- Boer/South African War in famous battlefields of KwaZulu-Natal, Northern particular. The Cape and North also are West worth a visit. in South Africa Examples include an is entire village nucleus in the Stellenbosch; house Groot Constantia in the Western museum. Cape, as an example of wealthy the wine farmer; lifestyle the mansion of of the mil- the lionaire industrialist Sammy Marks Pretoria; the outside Victorian affluence Melrose mirrored in House, Pretoria; Paul President of residence Pretoria, in and Museum the Kruger Kruger. Simpler architectural variations have not been neglected, for instance the pioneer dwelling in Silverton, Pretoria, and the humble in Heidelberg near Suikerbosrand at farmhouse Gauteng. There are several open-air museums which showcase the near Letsitele, black Tsongakraal for example country, cultures of the Limpopo; the Ndebele Museum at Middelburg, Mpumalanga; the Bakone Malapa Sotho) (Northern Museum at Pietersburg), Limpopo; and Polokwane the South (formerly Museum at State. Witsieshoek, Free Sotho served in the National Archives Repository in Pretoria, and provincial archives repositories in Pretoria, Cape Town, Durban, Pietermaritzburg, Ulundi, Bloemfontein house the archives dating from Port Elizabeth and Archives and Archives heraldry Archives of governmental bodies of period are a after repositories archives trans- to ferred and public the to accessible are and years, 20 the office of origin. functions in terms of the The National Archives of National Archives South Africa Act, (Act 1996 43 of 1996). 115 and mampoer – liquor distilled fruit from and grapes. Mining is best represented by the De Beers The other important mining museum is at in Agriculture South Africa is depicted main- The ABSA Museum and Archives in One of the most common types of museum witblits communication communication of the culture and heritage of all South Africans. It explores cultural diversity and commonalities, links the present with the past to offer a better understanding of both, and nurtures the living culture Africans. of For the first time in the all history of the South NCHM, the staff and the collection three million of objects are housed in about one building. The collection will be displayed in in future and permanent temporary exhibitions. In addition, the Museum works with institutions and community-based organisations to host film festivals, arts and craft exhibitions, seminars, events. cultural other and festivals conferences, Museum at the Big Hole in Kimberley, where by made ever hole biggest the view can visitors man with pick and shovel. It includes an open- air museum, which houses diggings. diamond the of era the to back dating many buildings Pilgrim’s Rest, Mpumalanga, where the discovered. was first gold-field viable economically The entire village has been conserved restored. and It boasts beautiful houses from the period examples of the gold of rush, as well as an early mining camp and a complete works. reduction ly at two museums. These are Kleinplasie Worcester, at Western Cape, which show-cases the wine culture and the characteristic architecture of the winelands, Prinsloo Agricultural Museum between Pretoria and the Willem and Bronkhorstspruit in Gauteng. The houses two house museums, an extensive col- latter lection of early farming implements, as well as vehicles of yesteryear and Both programmes. educational in used animals indigenous farm museums are famous for their Johannesburg, Johannesburg, which belongs to Amalgam- ated Banks of South Africa (ABSA), preserve aims the banking to group’s more than 110 years of history. It also houses a unique and very valuable coin and bank note collection. South Africa Yearbook 2002/03

before 1910 and the relevant provincial mated National Register of Oral Sources is an archives. Records centres for archives younger important element of the project. The Act also than 20 years exist in centres such as provides government with a measure of con- Pretoria, Bloemfontein and Cape Town. trol over private collections. Archives are taken The retrieval of information from archives to the people through co-ordinated national is facilitated by the national automated and provincial archive services. At the same archival information system (http://www. time, the National Archives is responsible for national.archives.gov.za), which includes trying to ensure effective, transparent and national registers of manuscripts, photographs accountable management of all public and audio-visual material. The National records. Archives also renders a comprehensive record The National Archives in Pretoria includes management service for current records the National Film, Video and Sound Archives. aimed at promoting efficient administration. Its primary functions are to obtain and An important aspect of the Act is its man- preserve films, videotapes and sound record- date to the National Archives to collect non- ings of archival value, and to make these public records with enduring value of national available for research and reference purposes. significance. In so doing, the National Archives The Bureau of Heraldry, which is a sub- is obliged to pay special attention to aspects programme of the National Archives, is of the nation’s experience neglected by responsible for the registration of coats of archives of the past. A key project in this arms, badges and other emblems such as regard is the Oral History Project, which seeks flags, seals, medals and insignia of rank, and to build National Archives’ capacity to docu- offices of order, as well as the registration of ment the spoken word, and to develop a names and uniforms (colours) of associations national oral history programme. The auto- and organisations, such as universities.

116 Acknowledgements

Department of Arts and Culture Department of Home Affairs Film and Publication Board National Arts Council National Cultural History Museum