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B. Sistem Filsafat Hindu Memahami Teks Hak Cipta © 2016 pada Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Dilindungi Undang-Undang Disklaimer: Buku ini merupakan buku guru yang dipersiapkan Pemerintah dalam rangka implementasi Kurikulum 2013. Buku guru ini disusun dan ditelaah oleh berbagai pihak di bawah koordinasi Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, dan dipergunakan dalam tahap awal penerapan Kurikulum 2013. Buku ini merupakan “dokumen hidup” yang senantiasa diperbaiki, diperbaharui, dan dimutakhirkan sesuai dengan dinamika kebutuhan dan perubahan zaman. Masukan dari berbagai kalangan yang dialamatkan kepada penulis dan laman http://buku.kemdikbud.go.id atau melalui email [email protected] diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas buku ini. Katalog Dalam Terbitan (KDT) Indonesia. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Pendidikan Agama Hindu dan Budi Pekerti / Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.-- . Edisi Revisi Jakarta : Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 2016. vi, 186 hlm. : ilus. ; 25 cm. Untuk SMA/SMK Kelas X ISBN 978-602-427-066-7 (jilid lengkap) ISBN 978-602-427-067-4 (jilid 1) 1. Hindu -- Studi dan Pengajaran I. Judul II. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 294.5 Penulis : Ida Bagus Sudirga dan I Nyoman Yoga Segara Penelaah : I Wayan Paramartha, KS Arsana dan I Made Sutresna Penyelia Penerbitan : Pusat Kurikulum dan Perbukuan, Balitbang, Kemdikbud. Cetakan Ke-1, 2014 ISBN 978-602-282-425-1 (jilid lengkap) ISBN 978-602-282-426-8 (jilid 1) Cetakan Ke-2, 2016 (Edisi Revisi) Disusun dengan huruf Times New Roman, 11pt. Kata Pengantar Kurikulum 2013 dirancang agar peserta didik tidak hanya bertambah pengetahuannya, tetapi juga meningkat keterampilan, sikap dan perilaku serta semakin mulia kepribadiannya. Tujuan luhur yang ingin dicapai adalah adanya kesatuan utuh antara kompetensi pengetahuan (knowledge), keterampilan (skill), dan sikap (attitude). Melalui pembelajaran agama Hindu dan budi pekerti diharapkan akan melahirkan anak-anak didik yang tidak saja pengetahuan agamanya semakin bagus, tetapi juga keterampilan dan sikapnya semakin baik. Semua ini adalah modal berharga bagi peserta didik untuk dapat hidup bersama yang terjalin dalam hubungan harmonis antara dirinya dengan sesama, dengan dengan lingkungannya dan dengan Sang Hyang Widhi/Tuhan Yang Maha Esa Pengetahuan agama dan budi pekerti yang dipelajari para peserta didik akan menjadi sumber nilai dan penggerak perilaku mereka, baik untuk dirinya, keluarga dan masyarakat. Sebagai contoh, di antara nilai budi pekerti dalam agama Hindu ada dikenal dengan Tri Marga (bakti kepada Sang Hyang Widhi, orang tua, dan guru; karma, bekerja sebaik- baiknya untuk dipersembahkan kepada orang lain dan Sang Hyang Widhi; jnana, menuntut ilmu sebanyak-banyaknya untuk bekal hidup dan penuntun hidup), dan Tri Warga (dharma, berbuat berdasarkan atas kebenaran; artha, memenuhi harta benda untuk hidup berdasarkan kebenaran, dan kama, memenuhi keinginan sesuai dengan norma norma yang berlaku). Dalam pembentukan budi pekerti, proses pembelajarannya mengantarkan peserta didik dari pengetahuan tentang dharma lalu menimbulkan komitmen atau satya terhadap kebaikan, akhirnya benar-benar menjalankan kebaikan, sehingga perilaku kebaikan dan akhlak mulia menjadi sebuah kebiasaan hidup. Buku Pendidikan Agama Hindu dan Budi Pekerti ini ditulis dengan tanggungjawab moral untuk mengantarkan peserta didik menuju pada hidup dan kehidupan yang penuh dengan kesejahteraan, keteduhan dan kedamaian (lokhasamgraham). Proses pembelajarannya dituangkan dalam ranah kegiatan mengamati; menanya, mengeksplorasi, mengasosiasi, dan mengomunikasikan. Kompetensi Inti (KI) dan Kompetensi dasar (KD) dalam kegiatan keagamaan yang harus dilakukan para pendidik kepada peserta didik dalam usaha memahami pengetahuan agamanya dan mengaktualisasikannya ke dalam tindakan nyata dan sikap keseharian, baik dalam bentuk ibadah ritual maupun ibadah sosial, pemahaman konsep, dan aplikasi konsep pengetahuan agama. Sebagai edisi pertama, buku ini sangat terbuka untuk terus dilakukan perbaikan dan penyempurnaan. Oleh karena itu, kami mengundang para pembaca memberikan kritik, saran, dan masukan untuk perbaikan dan penyempurnaan pada edisi berikutnya. Atas kontribusi itu, kami mengucapkan terima kasih. Mudah-mudahan kita dapat memberikan yang terbaik bagi kemajuan dunia pendidikan, khususnya pendidikan agama Hindu dalam rangka mempersiapkan generasi 100 tahun Indonesia Merdeka pada 2045. Jakarta, Januari 2016 Penulis Pendidikan Agama Hindu dan Budi Pekerti | iii Daftar Isi Kata Pengantar .................................................................................................... iii Daftar Isi ............................................................................................................. v PELAJARAN I NILAI-NILAI YAJNA DALAM RAMAYANA....................................................................... 1 A. Pengertian Yajña ............................................................................................ 2 B. Pembagian Yajña ........................................................................................... 5 C. Bentuk-bentuk Pelaksanaan Yajña dalam Kehidupan Sehari-hari ................. 6 D. Ringkasan Cerita Rāmāyana .......................................................................... 12 E. Nilai-nilai Yajña dalam Cerita Rāmāyana...................................................... 16 PELAJARAN II UPAVEDA ............................................................................................................................................ 27 A. Pengertian Upaveda ....................................................................................... 28 B. Kedudukan Upaveda dalam Veda .................................................................. 29 C. Itihāsa ............................................................................................................. 30 D. Purāṇa ............................................................................................................ 38 E. Arthaśāstra ..................................................................................................... 43 F. Āyur Veda ...................................................................................................... 46 G. Gandharwa Veda ............................................................................................ 48 PELAJARAN III WARIGA ............................................................................................................................................. 51 A. Pengertian Wariga ......................................................................................... 52 B. Hakikat Wariga .............................................................................................. 53 C. Menentukan Wariga ....................................................................................... 55 D. Macam-macam Wariga/Padewasan untuk Upacara Agama .......................... 74 E. Macam-macam Wariga/Padewasan untuk Bidang Pertanian ........................ 84 F. Dampak dari Wariga/Padewasan ................................................................... 86 PELAJARAN IV DARŚANA ......................................................................................................................................... 89 A. Pengertian Darśana ....................................................................................... 90 B. Sistem Filsafat Hindu .................................................................................... 92 C. Sad Darśana ................................................................................................... 94 PELAJARAN V CATUR ASRAMA ........................................................................................................................... 119 A. Pengertian Catur Asrama ............................................................................... 120 B. Bagian-bagian Catur Asrama dan Kewajibannya .......................................... 124 iv | Kelas X SMA/SMK PELAJARAN VI CATUR VARNA.......................................................................................................................................................... 145 A. Pengertian Catur Varna .................................................................................. 145 B. Bagian-bagian Catur Varna ............................................................................ 149 C. Kewajiban Masing-masing Varna .................................................................. 153 D. Catur Varna dan Profesionalisme ................................................................... 167 INDEKS .............................................................................................................. 177 GLOSARIUM ..................................................................................................... 179 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 181 Pendidikan Agama Hindu dan Budi Pekerti | v GARUDA WISNU KENCANA Bab I Nilai-Nilai Yajña Dalam Rāmāyana Renungan Bacalah sloka Bhagavadgītā III.11 dibawah ini dan renungkan ! Devān bhāvayatānena te devā bhāvayantu vah parasparaṁ bhāvayantaḥ śreyaḥ param avāpsyatha Terjemahan: Dengan melakukan ini engkau memelihara kelangsungan para dewa, semoga para dewa juga memberkahimu, dengan saling menghormati seperti itu, engkau akan mencapai kebajikan tertinggi (Pendit, 2002:89-90) Kegiatan Siswa 1. Buatlah kelompok diskusi 3-4 orang siswa 2. Carilah gambar yang bertema Yajña yang ada di lingkungan sekitar 3. Kemudian
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