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Possible Baryonychid Dinosaur Teeth from the Wessex Formation (Lower

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Possible Baryonychid Dinosaur Teeth from the Wessex Formation (Lower Possible b aryonychid dinosaur t eeth f rom the W essex F ormation (Lower C retaceous, B arremian) of the Isle of Wight, England David M . Martill* and S teve Ruut MARTILL, D . M . & HUTT, S . 1 996. Possible b aryonychid dinosaur t eeth f rom the W essex F ormation (Lower C retaceous, B arremian) o f the I sle o f W ight, England. P roceedings of the G eologists ' Association, 107, 8 1-84. Isolated, l aterally c ompressed, recurved t eeth o f theropod d inosaurs f rom the Wessex F ormation ( Barremian) of the I sle o f W ight are d istinguished f rom o ther theropod t eeth b y t heir finely d enticulate carinae and b y lingual and l abial l ongitudinal f aceting. T hese t eeth are c omparable with t hose o f Baryonyx walkeri C harig & Milner 1986 and are t entatively assigned t o the e nigmatic theropod f amily B aryonychidae. * Department ofGeology, U niversity ofPortsmouth, P ortsmouth pal 3QL. t Museum ofIsle ofWight Geology, Sandown, I sle of Wight P036 8 AF. 1. INTRODUCTION Dinosaur remains are abundant i n the clays and sandstones of the W essex F ormation, Wealden Group, of the southern coast o f the I sle o f W ight. England (see B enton & Spencer, 1995 for a r eview of Wealden G roup reptile l ocalities) (Fig. I). The a rea has b ecome f amous for b oth the abundance and diversity of its dinosaur fauna w hich includes the ornithopods Hypsilophodon, Valdosaurus, and Iguanodon (Sues & Norman, 1 991; N orman & Weishampel, 1991), the ankylosaur Polacanthus (Blows, 1 987), the b rachiosaur sauropods Pelerosaurus and Chondrosteosaurus (Mclntosh, 199 1), a diplodocid sauropod (Charig, 1980) and t heropods. Until r ecently, t heropods f rom the I sle o fW ight w ere r epre- sented only b y isolated b ones and t eeth. Isolated t eeth h ave usually b een referred t o Megalosaurus sp., w hile a syn- sacrum, originally thought t o b elong t o a p terosaur, and named Ornithodesmus, has b een shown to be f rom a maniraptoran theropod. possibly with affinities to the Troodontidae (Howse & Milner, 1993). Lydekker (1988) referred f ive isolated theropod tooth crowns (BMNH R21O) from the I sle of Wight to Megalosaurus dunkeri Dames, but later considered that they might be referred to Megalosaurus oweni Lydekker (Lydekker, 1890). As M. oweni is based on a right metatarsus. these teeth cannot be referred to this taxon. Additionally, M. dunkeri is based on an isolated and worn tooth from the Wealden of Germany, and should be considered as a nomen dubium. Bones of the pelvic region and lumbar vertebrae of a theropod from Brook, Isle of Wight were made the type of Aristosuchus pusillus (Owen), and a number of other specimens were also referred to this taxon (Lydekker, 1888), mostly without justification. A number of names were erected last century for small Isle of Wight theropods on the basis of isolated vertebrae, including Calamo- spondylus foxi Lydekker based on two cervical vertebrae Proceedings ofthe Geologists ' Association. 107, 81-84. and Thecocoelurus daviesi (Seeley) b ased o n a n i ncomplete cervical v ertebra. Apart from the type material of Aristosuchus pusillus and Ornithodesmus c luniculus all o f the I sle o f W ight theropod material i s i nadequate for sensible generic d etermination. For a r eview o f the e arly history o f the I sle o f W ight d inosaurs and t heir c ollectors a detailed account can b e f ound i n Swinton (1936). More recently the remains o f a l arge and e xceptionally well p reserved a llosaurid skeleton h ave b een r ecovered. This specimen i s c urrently b eing prepared and i s u nder study b y one o f the authors. P reservation o f b one i n the Wessex F ormation i s o ften excellent and has b een the subject of a r ecent t aphonomic study (Clarke & Barker, 1993). The purpose of t his p aper is t o describe a n umber of iso- lated theropod teeth from the W essex Formation w hich were examined during a search for Spinosaurus teeth. The t eeth dinosaur-bearing Wealden Group. Possible baryonychid teeth have been found at the localities arrowed. 0016-7878/96 $07·00 ©1996 Geologists' Association 82 D. M. MARTILL in question are held in the Isle of Wight Museum of Geology. Accession numbers IWCMS 3642; 5 120; 5122; 1995,207; 1995,208; 1995,209. In addition, a seventh tooth also f rom the W essex Formation of the I sle of Wight is held in the collection of the Geology D epartment of the University of P ortsmouth, accession n umber U 0P97. 2. I SLE OF W IGHT THEROPOD TEETH Two dental m orphotypes considered t o b elong t o f1esh- eating dinosaurs o ccur i n the W essex F ormation of the I sle of W ight. B oth m orphotypes are usually e ncountered as isolated crowns, and h ave usually suffered some d amage due e ither t o p ost-mortem effects, or, in m any cases as a result o f w ear d uring o cclusion. E ven i n s pecimens w ith post-mortem damage, d etail offine structure i s often visible as theropod t eeth are r elatively r esistant t o abrasion (Argast, Farlow, Gebet & Brinkman, 1987). The f irst m orphotype is l aterally c ompressed, recurved w ith smooth lingual and l abial sides, and has coarsely d enticulate carinae (serrations) b oth a nteriorly and p osteriorly. I n the p ast, i t has b een c ommon practice t o r efer t o t his t ooth t ype a s megalosaurid (or e ven for t hem t o b e p laced i n the g enus Megalosaurus). Indeed, historically. m any species of Megalosaurus w ere erected o n the b asis o f t eeth a lone (see Waldman, 1 974). The r ecent d iscovery o f a n a llosaurid i n the Wealden o f the I sle o f W ight w ith t his t ooth t ype s hows that such isolated t eeth can n o l onger b e p laced i n Megalosaurus w ith any c onfidence, and t his practice s hould stop u ntil i t can b e d emonstrated t hat M egalosaurus t eeth can be distinguished f rom the t eeth o f all o ther theropod genera. I t remains t o b e e stablished w hat t ype o f t eeth were p ossessed b y O rnithodesmus, the o ther I sle o f W ight theropod. The s econd t ooth m orphotype, and the m ain subject of this p aper, i s similar i n overall s hape t o t hat o f m ost theropod t eeth, but i s c haracterized b y h aving l ongitudinal fluting o n the l abial and lingual s urfaces, and b y h aving very f ine d enticles o n the anterior and p osterior carinae (Fig. 2). The s pecimens d escribed h ere are not w ell localized, but r WCMS 3 642 was f ound a t Y averland. IWCMS 5 120 was f ound a t Hanover P oint ( Fig. I). 3. D ESCRIPTION Teeth varying i n c rown h eight between 1 8 and 4 4 mm, w ith anteroposterior d imension a t the b ase o f the c rown between 8 and 2 3 m m (in the current s ample s et; n o minimum o r maximum s ize i s i nferred). C rown g ently p osteriorly flexed, labial and lingual surface o f c rown w ith l ongitudinal faceting, s ometimes i n l arge s pecimens becoming m inor carinae r ootwards ( Fig. 3). L abial and lingual surface may b e f inely rugose, e specially towards b ase o f c rown. Cross-section o val, enhanced b y p ossession o f anterior and posterior carinae. Carinae f inely d enticulate ( serrated) w ith seven t o e ight d enticles per m illimetre ( Fig. 3). R oot not known b eyond a few m illimetres b elow the c rown. & S. HUTT a b c d Fig. 2 . Possible b aryonychid t eeth: (a) I WCMS 5 122, complete tooth c rown i n lateral v iew, x I ; (b) I WCMS 1 995/208, i ncomplete tooth c rown and r oot i n lateral v iew showing l ongitudinal r idges and faceting o f ?lingual surface, x 1 .25; (c) I WCMS 3 642, t ooth crown i n lateral v iew w ith o cclusion w ear f acets ( arrowed), x 1.8; (d) s ame t ooth a s (a) a bove i n anterior v iew showing proximal carina, x 1.5. Root/crown boundary may b e obvious and i rregular (Fig. 2). 4. A FFINITIES Historically m any dinosaur t axa w ere b ased o n isolated teeth, a practice w hich, happily, i s d ying o ut.
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