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Capítulo 1- Caracterização Do Tema Estudado

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Capítulo 1- Caracterização Do Tema Estudado Fernanda Mendes Rezende Efeito da atmosfera enriquecida com CO2 em mudas de Psidium guajava L. cv. Pedro Sato. Effect of elevated CO2 on seedlings of Psidium guajava L. cv. Pedro Sato. São Paulo 2013 Fernanda Mendes Rezende VERSÃO CORRIGIDA O original encontra-se disponível no Instituto de BIociências Efeito da atmosfera enriquecida com CO2 em mudas de Psidium guajava L. cv. Pedro Sato. Effect of elevated CO2 on seedlings of Psidium guajava L. cv. Pedro Sato. Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção de Título de Mestre em Botânica, na Área de Recursos Econômicos vegetais. Orientadora: Profa Dra Cláudia Maria Furlan São Paulo 2013 Rezende, Fernanda Mendes Efeito da atmosfera enriquecida com CO2 em mudas de Psidium guajava L. cv. Pedro Sato. 119 páginas. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Botânica. Palavra-Chave: 1. Goiabeira; 2. Elevado CO2; 3. Metabólitos Secundários. Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências. Departamento de Botânica. Comissão Julgadora: ___________________________ __________________________ Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). ______________________ Profa. Dra. Cláudia Maria Furlan Orientadora Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais, Heleno e Márcia, ao meu irmão Rodrigo por todo amor, suporte e compreensão que possibilitaram a realização deste sonho. Agradecimentos Agradeço primeiramente a minha orientadora, Claudinha, por todo apoio ao longo desses sete anos trabalhando juntas. Foram ótimos momentos de aprendizado e amizade. Ao professor Marcos Buckeridge e sua equipe por todo apoio com a fumigação e o suporte para análises realizadas em seu laboratório. A Patrícia Bulbovas e suas alunas que auxiliaram nas análises de antioxidantes. À professora Eny Floh, e principalmente a Amanda por toda paciência e ajuda oferecida nas análises de poliaminas. Ao professor Diego Demarco por contribuição com as análises anatômicas. A Paula e ao Homelhan por toda ajuda enchendo os vasos e além deles a todos que compareceram para ajudar no plantio. Aos técnicos Leonardo e Leila que, cada um a sua maneira, contribuíram muito com as coletas e análises químicas. Por falar em coletas, Paula obrigada de novo. Aos professores do laboratório Salatinos e Déborah por todos os momentos de aprendizagem e trocas durante reuniões ou cafés. A Aline (a especialista) pelo bom humor e todo auxílio com assuntos da 147. Não poderia deixar de fora Mourisa, afinal quem é a técnica que diverte todo mundo na copa as 8:30 e ajuda pra que tudo funcione no laboratório? Às minhas companheiras de pós Kátia, Carol, Bruna, Nati, Alice, Sarah e Adne pelo apoio nos momentos difíceis, descontrações nos momentos menos difíceis seja tomando um café, acompanhando num cigarro ou indo tomar um sol num belo dia de congresso. Agradeço também a todos os outros integrantes do laboratório de fitoquímica que contribuíram direta ou indiretamente para que este trabalho chegasse ao fim. Aos meus amigos distantes que se fizeram presentes em muitos momentos Sah, Naty, Lerdo, Nelito, Diurno, Thaís; e também por me acolherem muito bem no interior paulista (um viva para rep. Elza!). Obrigado aos amigo e as amiga! À FAPESP pelo apoio financeiro (2011/09435-4) e a CAPES pela bolsa concedida. Além do Instituto de Biociências pela infraestrutura e hospitalidade como um segundo lar. Enfim, a todos que de forma direta ou indiretamente contribuíram para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho e para minha formação profissional. Muito Obrigada! Índice Capítulo 1- Caracterização do tema estudado..................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ................................................................................................................. 3 2. ESTRUTURA DO TRABALHO .................................................................................................... 12 2.1- Cultivo e coletas das plantas ....................................................................................................... 12 2.2-Dados microclimáticos .................................................................................................................. 14 3. BIBLIOGRAFIA .......................................................................................................................... 18 Capítulo 2- Metabolismo primário em resposta ao elevado CO2 ...................................................... 25 1. INTRODUÇÃO .......................................................................................................................... 27 2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ........................................................................................................... 31 2.1 Incremento e Biomassa ................................................................................................................. 31 2.2 Carboidratos .................................................................................................................................... 31 2.3 Razão Carbono/Nitrogênio (C/N) ................................................................................................. 32 2.4 Ligninas e Fibras .............................................................................................................................. 32 2.5 Análises estatísticas ....................................................................................................................... 33 3. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO ..................................................................................................... 34 3.1 Incremento e Biomassa ................................................................................................................. 34 3.2 Carboidratos .................................................................................................................................... 39 3.3 Razão Carbono/Nitrogênio (C/N) ................................................................................................. 42 3.4- Ligninas e Fibras ............................................................................................................................ 43 3.5- Análises Multivariadas .................................................................................................................. 45 4. BIBLIOGRAFIA .......................................................................................................................... 48 Capítulo 3-Defesas Antioxidantes em resposta ao elevado CO2 ....................................................... 55 1- INTRODUÇÃO .......................................................................................................................... 57 2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ........................................................................................................... 64 2.1 Ciclo AA/GSH ................................................................................................................................... 64 2.2 Substâncias Fenólicas..................................................................................................................... 65 2.3 Poliaminas solúveis ........................................................................................................................ 67 2.4- Análises estatísticas ...................................................................................................................... 67 3. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO ........................................................................................................ 68 3.1 Ciclo AA/GSH ................................................................................................................................... 68 3.2 Substâncias Fenólicas..................................................................................................................... 70 3.3 Poliaminas solúveis ........................................................................................................................ 80 3.4- Análise Multivariada ..................................................................................................................... 83 4. BIBLIOGRAFIA .......................................................................................................................... 86 Capítulo 4- Considerações finais ........................................................................................................ 97 Resumo............................................................................................................................................. 109 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ 113 Anexo ............................................................................................................................................... 117 Capítulo 1- Caracterização do tema estudado Capítulo 1 – Caracterização do tema estudado 1. INTRODUÇÃO GERAL Psidium guajava L. pertence à Myrtaceae, uma das maiores famílias da flora brasileira, com 23 gêneros e 1000 espécies (Souza & Lorenzi, 2005). Myrtaceae inclui outras plantas agrícolas importantes que rendem produtos econômicos, como temperos aromáticos (cravo-da-índia, Syzygium aromaticum; pimenta-da-jamaica, Pimenta dioica), óleos aromáticos (eucalipto, Eucalyptus spp), plantas ornamentais (papeleira, Malaleuca leucadendra; escova-de-garrafa, Callistemon citrinus) e várias frutíferas (jambo, Syzygium spp.; grumixama,
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