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Andrewfeenberg A N D R E W F E E N B E R G ‘ S P H I L O S O P H Y O F T E C H N O L O G Y by Jalal Nabhanizadeh MA Thesis at IAU in Persian (Farsi), 2015 معاونت ژپوهش و فناوری هب انم خدا منشور اخﻻق ژپوهش با یاری از خداوند سبحان و ااقتعد هب این هک عالم محضر خداست و همواره انظر رب اعمال انسان و هب منظور پاس داشت مقام بلند دانش و ژپوهش و نظر هب اهمیت جایگاه دااگشنه رد اعتﻻی فرهنگ و تمدن بشری ما دانشجویان و اعضاء هیأت علمی واحداهی دااگشنه آزاد اسﻻمی متعهد می گردیم اصول زری را رد انجام فعالی ت اهی ژپوهشی مد نظر قرار داده و تخ از آن طی نکنیم: اصل حقیقت جویی: تﻻش رد راستای پی جویی حقیقت و وافداری هب آن و دوری از ره گوهن نههان سازی حقیقت اصل رعایت حقوق: التزام هب رعایت کامل حقوق ژپوهشگران و ژپوهیدگان ) انسان، حیوان و نبات( و ساری صاحبان حق اصل مالکیت مادی و معنوی: تعهد هب رعایت کامل حقوق مادی و معنوی دااگشنه و کلیه همکاران ژپوهش اصل منافع ملی: تعهد هب رعایت مصالح ملی ورد نظر داشتن ربشیپد و توسعه کشور رد کلیه مراحل ژپوهش اصل رعایت انصاف و امانت: تعهد هب اجتناب از ره گوهن جانب داری غیر علمی و حفاظت از اموال، تجهیزات و منابع رد اختیار اصل رازداری: تعهد هب صیانت از اسرار و اطﻻعات محرماهن افراد، سازماناه و کشور و کلیه افراد ونهاداهی مرتبط با تحقیق ا صل احترام: تعهد هب رعایت حریم اه وحرمت اه رد انجام تحقیقات و رعایت جانب نقد و خودداری از رهگوهن حرمت شکنی اصل رتویج: تعهد هب رواج دانش واشاهع نتایج تحقیقات و ااقتنل آن هب همکاران علمی و دانشجویان هب غیر از مواردی هک منع اقونویی دارد اصل ربائت: التزام هب ربائت جویی از ره گوهن رفتار غیر حرهف ای و اعﻻم موضع نسبت هب کسایی هک حوزه علم و ژپوهش را هب شائبه اهی غ یر علمی می آﻻیند ب دانشگاه آزاد اسﻻمی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تعهد نامه اصالت پایان نامه اینجانب جﻻل نبهانیزاده دانشآموخته مقطع کارشناسی ارشد ناپیوسته در رشته فلسفه علم که در تاریخ 22/07/1394 از پایان نامهی خود تحت عنوان "فلسفهی تکنولوژیِ اَندرو فینبرگ" با کسب نمره 17/25 دفاع نمودهام. بدینوسیله متعهد میشوم: این پایان نامه حاصل تحقیق و پژوهش انجام شده توسط اینجانب بوده و در مواردی که از دستاوردهای علمی وپژوهشی دیگران )اعم از پایان نامه، کتاب، مقاله و ...( استفاده نمودهام، مطابق ضوابط و رویه موجود، نام منبع مورد استفاده و سایر مشخصات آن رادر فهرست مربوطه ذکر و درج کردهام. این پایان نامه قبﻻً برای دریافت هیچ مدرک تحصیلی )هم سطح، پایین تر یا باﻻتر( در سایر دانشگاهها و موسسات آموزش عالی ارائه نشده است. چنانچه بعد از فراغت از تحصیل، قصد استفاده و هر گونه بهره برداری اعم از چاپ کتاب، ثبت اختراع و ... از این پایان نامه را داشته باشم، از حوزه معاونت پژوهشی واحد مجوزهای مربوطه را اخذ نماییم. چنانچه در هر مقطعی زمانی خﻻف موارد فوق ثابت شود، عواقب ناشی از آن را میپذیرم و واحد دانشگاهی مجاز است با اینجانب مطابق ضوابط و مقررات رفتار نموده و در صورت ابطال مدرک تحصیلیام هیچگونه ادعایی نخواهم داشت./ت نام و نام خانوادگی: جﻻل نبهانیزاده تاریخ و امضا: 1394/07/22 ج دانشگاه آزاد اسﻻمی واحد علوم و تحقیقات دانشکده الهیات و فلسفه، گروه فلسفه علم (M.A.) پایاننامه برای دریافت درجه کارشناسی ارشد در رشته فلسفه علم عنوان: فلسفهیِ تکنولوژیِ اَندرو فینبرگ استاد راهنما: شهﻻ اسﻻمی نگارش: جﻻل نبهانیزاده زمستان 1394 د سپاسگزاری از استادان گرانقدر سرکار خانم دکتر شهﻻ اسﻻمی و جناب آقای دکتر موسی اکرمی که در پدیدآوری این اثر مرا یاری دادند. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS THE GREAT PROFESSOR DR. ANDREW FEENBERG WHO ENCOURAGED ME AND HELPED ME ON WRITING THIS THESIS ه از همکاری و مشارکت دلسوزانه سرکار خانم زهرا علیزاده مدیریت محترم اسبق کتابخانه دانشکده الهیات و فلسفه دانشگاه آزاد اسﻻمی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران به خاطر همراهی برای فراهم آوردن منابع این پایاننامه، کمال تشکر و قدردانی را دارم. و تقدیم به مادرمادر وو پدرپدر مهربانممهربانم ز ” فلسفهی تکنولوژی با اندیشهی یوانییاه آغاز میشود و رد حقیقت، اساس همهی فلسفهی رغب است “ اندرو فینبرگ ح فهرست مطالب چکیده.............................................................................................................................................................1 فصل اول: کلیات .............................................................................................................................................. 2 1.1 مقدمه ......................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 بیان مسأله ........................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.2 پیشینه ................................................................................................................................. 8 1.1.3 روش .................................................................................................................................. 10 1.1.4 سؤاﻻت ............................................................................................................................... 11 1.1.5 فرضیهها ............................................................................................................................. 12 1.2 اهداف و ضرورت ....................................................................................................................... 13 1.3 تعاریف ...................................................................................................................................... 13 فصل دوم: مروری بر ادبیات و پیشینه تحقیق؛ تعریف فلسفه تکنولوژی ........................................................ 16 2.1 مقدمه ....................................................................................................................................... 16 2.2 پیشینه فلسفه تکنولوژی .......................................................................................................... 17 2.3 اندرو فینبرگ فیلسوف معاصر تکنولوژی .................................................................................. 20 2.4 نظریات اصلی فلسفه تکنولوژی از نگاه فینبرگ ........................................................................ 23 2.4.1 فلسفه یونان و تکنولوژی .................................................................................................... 31 2.4.2 جایگزینهای جدید برای نگرش یونانیان ........................................................................... 34 2.4.3 چیستی فلسفه تکنولوژی از دریچه نظریه انتقادی تکنولوژی ............................................ 41 2.4.5 دخالتهای دموکراتیک ...................................................................................................... 45 ط فصل سوم: فلسفه تکنولوژی از نظر تا عمل ................................................................................................... 47 3.1 رویکرد و روش فینبرگ در برخورد با فلسفه تکنولوژی ............................................................ 47 3.2 پرسش از تکنولوژی .................................................................................................................. 53 3.2.1 دموکراسی و بازسازی تکنولوژی و جامعه .......................................................................... 56 3.2.2 نگاهی منطقی به تکنولوژی عصر حاضر ............................................................................. 60 3.3 نظریهی انتقادیِ تکنولوژی ....................................................................................................... 64 3.4 پارادوکسهای تکنولوژی .......................................................................................................... 68 3.4.1 نقش تناقضنماها در مطالعات فلسفی ............................................................................... 69 3.4.2 ده عنصر تناقض نمای تکنولوژی ....................................................................................... 69 3.5 دموکراتیککردن تکنولوژی ...................................................................................................... 72 فصل چهارم: انتقادات به فلسفه تکنولوژی اندرو فینبرگ .............................................................................. 75 4.1 مقدمه ....................................................................................................................................... 75 4.2 نقد جرالد دوپلت بر فلسفه فینبرگ: دموکراسی و تکنولوژی ................................................... 78 4.2.1 دموکراتیککردن تکنولوژی و اجتماع ................................................................................ 80 4.2.2 مسأله منافع مشترک ......................................................................................................... 81 4.2.3 تغییر تکنولوژی و دموکراتیک کردن اجتماع ..................................................................... 82 4.3 آلبرت بورگمن: فینبرگ و اصﻻح تکنولوژی ............................................................................. 84 فصل پنجم: نتیجهگیری و پیشنهاد ............................................................................................................... 88 منابع و مراجع ............................................................................................................................................... 93 فهرست منابع فارسی ..................................................................................................................................... 93 ی فهرست منابع انگلیسی .................................................................................................................................. 93 چکیده انگلیسی..........................................................................................................................................119 ک چکیده اندرو فینبرگ از فیلسوفان معاصر تکنولوژی ایست که با رویکردی عملگرایانه تاریخ معاصر فلسفه را تحت تأثیر افکار خود قرار داده است. فلسفه فینبرگ از این منظر اهمیت دارد که وی ادعا میکند که تکنولوژی با خود ارزشهایی را به جامعه تحمیل میکند و امری خنثی نیست. تکنولوژی به وسیله انسان قابل کنترل است و در طراحیها و نوآوریها میتوان تغییراتی را منطبق با میل و ارادهی انسانی اعمال کرد. برای بررسی ادعای فینبرگ نظریات اصلی وی در سه مرحله مورد بررسی قرار میگیرند. 1- تعیین تعریف دقیقی از فلسفه تکنولوژی مورد
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