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Hydrogeologic Setting and Ground-Water Flow in the Leetown Area, West Virginia Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5066 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Hydrogeologic Setting and Ground-Water Flow in the Leetown Area, West Virginia By Mark D. Kozar, David J. Weary, Katherine S. Paybins, and Herbert A. Pierce Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5066 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2007 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. Suggested citation: Kozar, M.D., Paybins, K.S., Weary, D.J., and Pierce, H.A., 2007, Hydrogeologic Setting and Ground-Water Flow in the Leetown Area, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5066. iii Contents Abstract . 1 Introduction . 2 Purpose and Scope . 2 Methods of Study . 2 Description of Study Area . 4 Previous Investigations . 4 Hydrogeologic Setting . 5 Geology . 5 Hydrology . 6 Ground-Water Levels . 6 Ground-Water Recharge . 6 Hydraulic Properties . 8 Surface-Geophysical Data . 10 LiDAR Imagery . 15 Ground-Water Withdrawals . 18 Conceptual Model of Ground-Water Flow . 18 Ground-Water Flow . 22 Numerical Model of Ground-Water Flow . 22 Design and Assumptions . 22 Grids, Layers, and Boundaries . 23 Calibration . 23 Sensitivity Analysis . 24 Water Budget . 24 Ground-Water Flow Directions . 29 Simulation of Varying Withdrawals and Climatic Conditions . 33 Simulated Drawdown Near Springs and Existing and Proposed Wells . 38 Simulated Effects of Drought . 41 Simulated Effects of Suburban Growth . 45 Limitations of the Simulations . 45 Summary and Conclusions . 48 References Cited . 49 Appendices . 53 Appendix 1. Monthly water-level data for 17 wells in the Leetown area, West Virginia, July 2003 - September 2005.. 54 Appendix 2. Daily mean streamflow at the Hopewell Run at Leetown, West Virginia, gag ing station, April 2002 - March 2006. 61 Appendix 3. Appendix 3: Water-levels in observation wells used in calibration of the ground-water flow model of the Leetown area, West Virginia.. 65 Appendix 4. Precipitation at Gray Spring at Leetown, West Virginia, November 2002 – September 2005. 68 iv Figures 1-2. Maps showing: 1. Location of study area and boundary conditions for the ground-water flow model of the Leetown area, West Virginia . 3 2a. Geology of the study area, with structural features and location of the Leetown Science Center, West Virginia . 7 2b. Cross section of the study area . 8 3. Compass rose diagram showing the dominant directions of joints in the surficial bedrock of the USGS Leetown Science Center, West Virginia. 8 4.Water-level hydrograph for well Jef-0526 and precipitation at Gray Spring (Jef-0521S), November 2002-November 2005, Leetown, West Virginia . 9 5. Average standardized departures of the minimum flows from the record-period average for 1930-2002 for five streamflow-gaging stations in the Eastern Panhandle region, West Virginia. 15 6a. Locations of surface-geophysical measurement stations and surface-resistivity cross sections in the Leetown area, West Virginia . ..

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Open-File Report No. 2008-02-18 Phase 2 Study Of

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View of Valley and Ridge Structures from ?:R Stop IX

GIJIDEBOOJ< TECTONICS AND. CAMBRIAN·ORDO'IICIAN STRATIGRAPHY CENTRAL APPALACHIANS OF PENNSYLVANIA. Pifftbutgh Geological Society with the Appalachian Geological Society Septembet, 1963 TECTONICS AND CAMBRIAN -ORDOVICIAN STRATIGRAPHY in the CENTRAL APPALACHIANS OF PENNSYLVANIA FIELD CONFERENCE SPONSORS Pittsburgh Geological Society Appalachian Geological Society September 19, 20, 21, 1963 CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Acknowledgments 2 Cambro-Ordovician Stratigraphy of Central and South-Central 3 Pennsylvania by W. R. Wagner Fold Patterns and Continuous Deformation Mechanisms of the 13 Central Pennsylvania Folded Appalachians by R. P. Nickelsen Road Log 1st day: Bedford to State College 31 2nd day: State College to Hagerstown 65 3rd day: Hagerstown to Bedford 11.5 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Wagner paper: Figure 1. Stratigraphic cross-section of Upper-Cambrian 4 in central and south-central Pennsylvania Figure 2. Stratigraphic section of St.Paul-Beekmantown 6 rocks in central Pennsylvania and nearby Maryland Nickelsen paper: Figure 1. Geologic map of Pennsylvania 15 Figure 2. Structural lithic units and Size-Orders of folds 18 in central Pennsylvania Figure 3. Camera lucida sketches of cleavage and folds 23 Figure 4. Schematic drawing of rotational movements in 27 flexure folds Road Log: Figure 1. Route of Field Trip 30 Figure 2. Stratigraphic column for route of Field Trip 34 Figure 3. Cross-section of Martin, Miller and Rankey wells- 41 Stops I and II Figure 4. Map and cross-sections in sinking Valley area- 55 Stop III Figure 5. Panorama view of Valley and Ridge structures from ?:r Stop IX Figure 6. Camera lucida sketch of sedimentary features in ?6 contorted shale - Stop X Figure 7- Cleavage and bedding relationship at Stop XI ?9 Figure 8.
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Figure 3A. Major Geologic Formations in West Virginia. Allegheney And

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U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1839-G, H

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Ordovician, in CH Shultz Ed, the Geology of Pennsylvania

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Xsec A-A Sht1of2 Layout FINAL V

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Bulletin 19 of the Department of Geology, Mines and Water Resources

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Fracture Analysis and Dye Trace Report Fracture Analysis and Dye Trace Report

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