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Usgs Sir 2007-5066 Hydrogeologic Setting and Ground-Water Flow in the Leetown Area, West Virginia Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5066 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Hydrogeologic Setting and Ground-Water Flow in the Leetown Area, West Virginia By Mark D. Kozar, David J. Weary, Katherine S. Paybins, and Herbert A. Pierce Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5066 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2007 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. Suggested citation: Kozar, M.D., Paybins, K.S., Weary, D.J., and Pierce, H.A., 2007, Hydrogeologic Setting and Ground-Water Flow in the Leetown Area, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5066. iii Contents Abstract . 1 Introduction . 2 Purpose and Scope . 2 Methods of Study . 2 Description of Study Area . 4 Previous Investigations . 4 Hydrogeologic Setting . 5 Geology . 5 Hydrology . 6 Ground-Water Levels . 6 Ground-Water Recharge . 6 Hydraulic Properties . 8 Surface-Geophysical Data . 10 LiDAR Imagery . 15 Ground-Water Withdrawals . 18 Conceptual Model of Ground-Water Flow . 18 Ground-Water Flow . 22 Numerical Model of Ground-Water Flow . 22 Design and Assumptions . 22 Grids, Layers, and Boundaries . 23 Calibration . 23 Sensitivity Analysis . 24 Water Budget . 24 Ground-Water Flow Directions . 29 Simulation of Varying Withdrawals and Climatic Conditions . 33 Simulated Drawdown Near Springs and Existing and Proposed Wells . 38 Simulated Effects of Drought . 41 Simulated Effects of Suburban Growth . 45 Limitations of the Simulations . 45 Summary and Conclusions . 48 References Cited . 49 Appendices . 53 Appendix 1. Monthly water-level data for 17 wells in the Leetown area, West Virginia, July 2003 - September 2005.. 54 Appendix 2. Daily mean streamflow at the Hopewell Run at Leetown, West Virginia, gag ing station, April 2002 - March 2006. 61 Appendix 3. Appendix 3: Water-levels in observation wells used in calibration of the ground-water flow model of the Leetown area, West Virginia.. 65 Appendix 4. Precipitation at Gray Spring at Leetown, West Virginia, November 2002 – September 2005. 68 iv Figures 1-2. Maps showing: 1. Location of study area and boundary conditions for the ground-water flow model of the Leetown area, West Virginia . 3 2a. Geology of the study area, with structural features and location of the Leetown Science Center, West Virginia . 7 2b. Cross section of the study area . 8 3. Compass rose diagram showing the dominant directions of joints in the surficial bedrock of the USGS Leetown Science Center, West Virginia. 8 4.Water-level hydrograph for well Jef-0526 and precipitation at Gray Spring (Jef-0521S), November 2002-November 2005, Leetown, West Virginia . 9 5. Average standardized departures of the minimum flows from the record-period average for 1930-2002 for five streamflow-gaging stations in the Eastern Panhandle region, West Virginia. 15 6a. Locations of surface-geophysical measurement stations and surface-resistivity cross sections in the Leetown area, West Virginia . ..
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