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Genitalia of Pentatomidae Oscar Waldemar Rosewall Iowa State College

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Genitalia of Pentatomidae Oscar Waldemar Rosewall Iowa State College Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1928 Genitalia of pentatomidae Oscar Waldemar Rosewall Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Rosewall, Oscar Waldemar, "Genitalia of pentatomidae " (1928). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 14289. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/14289 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 I I NOTE TO USERS ] This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI' GEITITj.LIA 0? PSIfTAlOMIDAE BY OSCAR V;AL3)KMf.R ROSEWALL A Ihesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Hajoi' ^>a'o5ect ilSntoraclogy Approved Signature was redacted for privacy. In charge of J,te jor worlc Signature was redacted for privacy. Head of J^ago'r i)epGrtment Signature was redacted for privacy. Dean of Graduate College Iowa State College 1928 UMI Number; DP14536 UMI® UMI Microform DP14536 Copyright 2006 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 -2- TABI-E 01-' GOlJTiaTTS Page Introduction 3 Acknowledgments 5 Review of literattire 5 Mothods 9 list of Genera and Sjjecies Studied 11 Male Genital Segment 18 Pemale Genital Segments — 19 Definitions of Terms Used SI Type of Genital Segments Defined 23 Outline of Genera 25 Morphology of the Male Genital Segment 28 Discussion 79 Summary 84 Literature Cited 85 Plates 88 'V nr -s- GENITALIA OF PEKTATOllIDAS Since 1923 the writer has bsen interested in pentntomidiie and has lost no opportunity for collecting or studying any available specimens. Having spent the past fifteen years in Louisiana, v.'here due to its scmi-tropical climate, the large family of Pentatomidae is so well represented, it is no wonder that interest has been manifested in "stinlc-bugs". To see one's early and anticipated crop of Kentucky V/onders (Green pole-beans) "literally eaten alive by these insects" is probably sufficient motivation for interest - and incidentally to supply ample speci­ mens for intensive study. Aside from this the classification of the family has always had its strong appeal, probably becriuse of its meagre degree of perfection thus far attained. The status of the Pentatomidae in the Southern States is the project which has claimed much of the vwiter's interest for years. complete survey and study of the question is planned and partially carried out. But circumstances have compelled the dropping of this under­ taking for the time being to pursue more intensively a single phase of the subject, namely, a satisfactory basis for classi­ fication of the species. The purpose of this paper is to shov;, as far as possible, that a morphological study of the genitalia of the species of Pentatomidae will aid in the differentiating of the species by giving added and constant definite characters; but, that in the -4- female genitalia there is a too generalized type to give speoific characters. In spite of the amount of research and study which has been applied to the classification of this family, the subject is still neither completely nor satisfactorily settled. Classifi­ cations have "been determined, as definitely as possible by the study of shape of head, form of body, segmentation of beak, and other parts. There are to be found in various publications keys to the species of Pentatomidae, but for some unaccountable rea­ son very little has been written about classification through comprehensive study of the genitalia. It is hoped that this paper will aid in settling the classification of the one hundred nine different forms studied, and, that even those unfamiliar with the group may be able to place specimens with a fair de­ gree of certainty. In this study the writings of previous authors have been consulted, but all observations and notations were made by the present writer from a large collection of speci­ mens, and the writer believes he has found positive definite characters that will easily determine the species and genera studied. By no means must the impression be received that this is a new or original basis of classification. The works of Knight on Miridae, of Hungerford and Jaczewski on Corixidae, and of others on other groups of insects show how the study of genitalia -6- has aided in the separation of species. Howevei* the writer knows of no comprehensive previous work carried on in the study of the family Pentatomidae. ACKHO'w'LSDGEIdEirDS Because of the kind assistance, suggestions, and encourage­ ment from fellow-workers the study of this project has been materially lightened. The author wishes to express his deep appreciation and sincere thanks to Dr. W, H. Wellhouse, under whose guidance this work has been carried on. Through his direction and firiendly interest the work was completed. To Dr. C. J. Drake the author expresses gratitude for identification of many specimens and for the use of specimens from his extensive private collection. Dr. H. H. Xnight has given invaluable assistance with sug­ gestions as to technique to employ, the loan of scientific apparatus, and in making the Iowa State College collection of Pentatomidae acceBsible. Dr. Dayton Stoner of the State University of Iowa, who has always kindly identified Pentatomidae during the several years of study of the family, donated many specimens. Prom Professor A. A. Ilichol of the University of Arizona all available Pentatomid material of his respective state was re­ ceived, and his contribution aided considerably in presenting this treatise. a !.!08srs. G, C. Doclrer, G. 0. Hendri ckson, C. E, Smith and IT. Allen furnished further specimens for study and comparison. Hrs. Rosev/all has at all times given aid and encouragement and assisted in the preparation of the paper. RiWIJiT." OF LITI^ATIJRE After a comprehensive survey of tho literature covering this subject, the author has reached the conclusion that the earliest definite contribution was by Biurmeister (3) in 1836, He de­ scribed the abdomen of the adult insect as having nine segments though he admitted that tho number may vary, and noted the peculiar processes attached to the last abdominal segment. Sharp (19) in 1890 gave the first definite account of the genitalia of a fe;v species of Pentatomidae and 7?as followed by Peytoureau (16) in 1895, who made a stuoiy of the genitalia of Heteroptera but did not include specific esainples of Pentatomidae. Heymons (10) a generous contributor on the subject of the genitalia of insects^ in 1899, made a worthwhile contribution on the segmentation of the abdomens of several orders of insects. His "geschlechtsanhange" are the appendages of the genital seg­ ment, and he contends that the "parameren" present may be two or four. Furthermore he considers a tvrelfth segment, which he calls the "telson". In this work he gives the results of his studies in comparison to Verhoeff, "iTieeler, and earlier students of the embryology of tlB segments. Distant (5) 1902 in the introd-uction to hia book pives a short resume of the segmentation of the abdomen in Heteroptera and the value of the genital segment in obtaining specific characters. Later Heidemann (6) 1904 uses characters found in the genital segment to differentiate between two species of Podiaus, P. cynicus Say and P. bracteatus Pitch. Berlese (1) 1909 discusses and illustrates both the segmenta­ tion of the abdomen and the genital segment in Pentatomidae, Foot and Strobell (6 & 7) 1914-15 in two publications have demonstrated, with definite proof, that certain character­ istics of the male genital segment and its appendages give de­ cisive marks of identification of at least two species in Pentatomidae. They have shown conclusively by rather extensive series of the two species Buachistus vsriolarlus P.B. and E, servas Say that these two species can be distinguished con­ stantly by the characteristics of the genital segment and its appendages* Kewell (14) 1916 and Singh-Pruthi (20) 1925 in their morphological studies on genitalia have brought together a great deal of material for the study. Kewell illustrates a portion of the abdomen and the genital segment of Euschistus variolarius P.B. as the example of Pentatomidae but does not discuss the family. Both authors have considered the internal structure of the genital segment, that is, those parts back of the proc- tiger as it rests in normal position.
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