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Editorial Board: Rismag Gordeziani – Editor-in-Chief Dimitris Angelatos (Nicosia) Valeri Asatiani Lasha Beraia Irine Darchia Tina Dolidze Levan Gordeziani Sophie Shamanidi Nana Tonia Jürgen Werner (Berlin) Maia Danelia – Executive Secretary fasisi 7, 2004 ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis klasikuri filologiis, bizantinistikisa da neogrecistikis institutis berZnuli da romauli Studiebi © programa `logosi~, 2004 ISSN 1512-1046 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Authors who wish to further cooperate with Phasis are requested to send their papers on a floppy disk or by E-mail (on Microsoft Word for Windows format using font Times New Roman, with no more than 60 000 charac- ters) and a laser-printed copy. If a paper requires any specific signs, please give them on the left margin next to the respective line. Remarks should be numbered all from 1... till the last one and given in the footnotes (at the bottom of the respective text). We suggest the following mode of giving bibliography: In case of a periodical or of a collection of papers: author (initials and surname fully given), the title of the paper, the title of the periodical, number, year, pages (without p.); In case of monographs: author (initials and surname fully given), the title of the work, publisher (name and city), year, pages (without p.). The papers will be appriciated in the following languages: English, French, German. Materials approved by reviewers will be published in the subsequent issue without any editorial, stylistic or orthographic corrections to the original text. Authors will be duly informed on the date of publishing the work. After the publication, author will receive one copy of the volume. Please send us your exact whereabouts: address, telephone number, fax number, E-mail. Our address: Phasis Institute of Classical, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University 13 Chavchavadze ave. 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia 4 Phasis 7, 2004 Tel.: (+995 32) 22 11 81/ 25 02 58 Fax: (+995 32) 22 11 81 E-mail: [email protected] Phasis 7, 2004 CONTENTS Acknowledgements 3 Ann Chikovani (Tbilisi) The Universal Rituals and their Function in Stratis Myrivilis’ Prose 7 Irine Darchia (Tbilisi) For Modern Appreciation of Plato’s and Democritus’ Viewpoints on Colour Derivation 15 Tinatin Dolidze (Tbilisi) Der Begriff des Freien Willens als Gegenstand der origeneischen Hermeneutik 31 Tea Dularidze (Tbilisi) For the Functions of Two Terms a[ggelo~ and kh`rux Denoting a Messenger in Homeric Epics 44 Tsisana Gigauri (Tbilisi) Ovid’s Polyphonic Character and his Failure 54 Anna Kharanauli (Tbilisi) Die Geschichte der Übersetzung der georgischen Bibel 58 Ketevan Nadareishvili (Tbilisi) Euripides’ Alcestis – the Norm or the Ideal? 69 Dali Nadibaidze (Tbilisi) Goodness and Beauty According to the Commentaries on Genesis by St. Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa 75 Robert Schmitt-Brandt (Heidelberg) Zur Etymologie von Mhvdeia 88 6 Contents Irène Tatišvili (Tbilisi) Quelques réflexions sur l'évolution de la pensée religieuse chez les Hittites 93 PHILHELLENIC DAYS 108 Rismag Gordeziani The Opening Speech 110 Κωνσταντίνα Μαυροσκελίδου, Πρέσβυς της Ελλάδος στη Γεωργία Ομιλία 113 Darejan Kacharava (Tbilisi) A Rich Grave from the Vani Site 117 A. Apakidze, G. Kipiani and V. Nikolaishvili (Tbilisi) A Rich Burial from Mtskheta (Caucasian Iberia) 128 Freddy Decreus (Ghent) A Series of Papers on the Hellenic Drama and Contemporaneity: 143 The Oresteia, or the Myth of the Western Metropolis between Habermas and Foucault 143 Some Aspects of Methodological Blindness in Interpreting Sophocles’ Oedipus 167 The Democratic Ideal and the Oresteia between "Back to Basics" and Cultural Studies, between Old and New Historicism 179 Notices of Books in Georgian 196 Tinatin Kauchtschischwili. Korpus der griechischen Inschriften in Georgien, hrsg. v. L. Gordesiani, Zweite verarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage, Logos, Tbilisi 2003, 419 S. (in georgischer Sprache) 196 N. Tonia, K. Nadareishvili. Penelope. The Portraits of Women of the Ancient World, Logos, Tbilisi 2003, 424 pages (in Georgian) 197 The Anthology of Modern Greek Novel, Logos, Tbilisi 2003, 366 pages (in Georgian) 199 Rismag Gordesiani, Maia Danelia. Einführung in die Klassische Philologie, Logos, Tbilisi 2004, 331 S. (in georgischer Sprache) 200 Phasis 7, 2004 Ann Chikovani (Tbilisi) THE UNIVERSAL RITUALS AND THEIR FUNCTION IN STRATIS MYRIVILIS’PROSE Religious concepts and corresponding rituals acquire special importance in the history of the world culture. A lot of rituals have altered in the course of centuries, or even disappeared. However, there are customs that rarely yield to alterations. This way or other, rituals maintain existence in human consciousness, lifestyles and are correspondingly expressed in art. A large number of literary texts fully or partly reflect archaic rituals. Some writers use lifestyle components as supplementary materials to structure a literary piece, its texture, to build the plot on and attach to them a certain artistic function. Stratis Myrivilis is among such writers. Close consideration of rituals in his works leads to the study of the dialogues of cultures and mutual influence of civilizations. The issue is relevant nowadays as well and attracts scholars’ intense interest. The present paper aims to study the function of universal rituals in Stratis Myrivilis’ prose, systemize the materials and provide their comparative analysis. While considering Myrivilis’ literary texts, we are chiefly concerned with the way the relations between ancient Greek religion and modern Greek tradition are reflected in the literary works by the XX century writer, and how mythic elements and ancient universal rituals work in the modern Greek community. The present research considers separately the rain-invoking, sacrificial and mourning rituals. The research dwells on the properties of rituals in the universal and Greek environments and their functional-symbolic implications. The research is based on the accepted conceptions of scholars about rituals and the episodes from Stratis Myrivilis’ works that include the rituals. Despite the huge size of the scientific literature dedicated to the study of rituals, the issue is not thoroughly studied in the modern Greek literature. 8 Ann Chikovani The greatest Greek female writer Sappho was a native of Lesbos. Sources refer to her as the "Lesbian Nightingale". Ages passed since Sappho’s times. Greece fostered hosts of thinkers and went through thousands of dangers. In the XX century the country managed to regain independence. Political changes had an impact on the cultural heritage as well. In the 1930-ies, the Eolic school acquired a remarkable place in the literary life of Greece.1 One of its leaders was Stratis Myrivilis. The group of writers from Lesbos revived Greek literature, and, consequently, the period of their activities is called "The Spring of Lesbos".2 The rituals described in Myrivilis’ works initiate the reader into the traditions of Lesbos island. The 1930-ies mark the period of changes in the modern Greek literature. The Disaster of Hellenism in Asia Minor had a remarkable impact on the social life and ideology of Greek people. It found its way in political, scientific literature and fiction, in periodicals and newspapers. The works by Greek writes of the 1930-ies express the main problems of the epoch, the pulsation of the epoch through the original content and structure.3 Remarkably, the modern Greek literature revived on Lesbos island in the 1930-ies. A big number of XX century Greek literary works recognized as masterpieces were first published in literary journals of Lesbos island and afterwards enjoyed the presentation to the wider publicity of Greece. A group of distinguished representatives of Greek writers of the 1930-ies started their literary activities on the island. Stratis Myrivilis was among them. The Pseudonym Myrivilis implies both ancient (Lepetimnos mountain) and Modern Greek (the name of the hill) components as well as pre-Christian (Eliah Rock) and Chriatian (acoustic and orthographic resemblance with "the Myrrh-streaming") senses.4 The study of Myrivilis’ pseudonyms leads to the detection of interesting principles that run throughout his works. In particular, Myrivilis represents a remarkable synthesis of ancient traditions and modern Greek legends, pagan mythological characters and Christian stories. The name Stratis is related to the Christian traditions (it is the title for Archangels). So, the pseudonym of the writer is another tool to express the writer’s creed, which promotes the idea that modern Greece is the link of the 1 Beaton R., Εισαγωγή στη Νεότερη Ελληνική Λογοτεχνία, Ποίηση και Πεζογραφία 1821-1992, εκδ. Νεφέλη, Αθήνα 1996; 180-184. 2 About "The Spring of Lesbos”see: Χατζηαναγνώστος Τ., Η Λεσβιακή Άνοιξη και ο Στρατης Μυριβήλης, Νέα Εστία, Αφιέρωμα στον Στράτη Μυριβήλη, τόμος 128, τεύχος 1523, Χριστούγεννα 1990; 135-138. 3 Μουλλάς Π., Η Μεσοπολεμική Πεζογραφία. από τον Πρώτο ως το δεύτερο Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο (1914-1934), τόμος Α΄, Εισαγωγή, εκδ. Σόκολη, Αθήνα 1996; 67. 4 About Stratis Myrivilis’ pseudonyms see Βαλέτας Γ., Ο Μυριβήλης της Μυτιλήνης, Νέα Εστία, Αφιέρωμα στον Στράτη Μυριβήλη, τόμος 88, τεύχος 1033; Αθήνα 1970; 910-922. The Universal Rituals and their Function in Stratis Myrivilis’ Prose 9 single chain that starts with ancient Greece. The same is implied in the writer’s other pseudonyms that are less frequently used – "Foibus" and "Xanthos". Myrivilis’ works represent a literary
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