Enabling Policies for Developing Smallholder Agriculture in Pakistan

Enabling policies for developing smallholder agriculture in Pakistan ACIAR MONOGRAPH 207 Enabling policies for developing smallholder agriculture in Pakistan Muhammad Azeem Khan, Aamer Irshad, Hidayatullah Chhajro, Nazeer Kalhoro, Muhammad Irfan Khalid, Ghazanfar Ali Khan, Kashif Rashid, Abdul Qadir Tareen, Ahmed Ali Zafar, Bhajan Grewal, Jim Lang and Peter Sheehan Victoria Institute of Strategic Economic Studies Victoria University Melbourne 2019 The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. ACIAR operates as part of Australia’s international development cooperation program, with a mission to achieve more productive and sustainable agricultural systems, for the benefit of developing countries and Australia. It commissions collaborative research between Australian and developing-country researchers in areas where Australia has special research competence. It also administers Australia’s contribution to the International Agricultural Research Centres. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by ACIAR. ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or material deemed relevant to ACIAR’s research and development objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on developing countries. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) 2019 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from ACIAR, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, [email protected] ACIAR Monograph No. 207 ISSN 1031-8194 (print) ISSN 1447-090X (online) ISBN 978-1-925746-63-1 (print) ISBN 978-1-925746-64-8 (online) Technical editing by Anne Moorhead Design by Redtail Graphic Design Printing by Instant Colour Press Cover image: Interaction with potato growers discussing value chain issues. Photo by Kazmi Munawar. Contents List of figures iii List of tables iv List of boxes iv Foreword v About the authors vi Acknowledgments vii Executive summary viii 1 Smallholder agriculture in the economic and social development of Pakistan 1 1.1 Shifting patterns of economic development ...................................................................................................2 1.2 The transformation of agriculture ......................................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Strategies for transforming smallholder agriculture ....................................................................................11 1.4 The impact of transforming smallholder agriculture in Pakistan .........................................................15 References ............................................................................................................................................................................................................18 2 International trade analysis 19 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................19 2.2 Global trade in meat, dairy, fruit and vegetable products ......................................................................20 2.3 Pakistan exports ...........................................................................................................................................................21 2.4 International trade analysis ...................................................................................................................................24 2.5 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................................... 34 3 Access to affordable credit 35 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................. 35 3.2 Credit for smallholders in Pakistan .................................................................................................................... 36 3.3 Major issues limiting smallholder access to credit .....................................................................................40 3.4 Summary and conclusions .................................................................................................................................... 43 References .........................................................................................................................................................................................................46 4 Extension services for smallholders 47 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................. 47 4.2 Extension services in Punjab and Sindh ..........................................................................................................50 4.3 Global experience in improving extension services ................................................................................... 53 4.4 Summary ...................................................................................................................................................................... 55 4.5 Recommendations ....................................................................................................................................................56 References ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................59 Enabling policies for developing smallholder agriculture in Pakistan i 5 Smallholder access to markets in Pakistan 61 5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................61 5.2 Access to markets in Pakistan ..............................................................................................................................62 5.3 Key elements for improving smallholder access to market ...................................................................64 5.4 Some existing initiatives ..........................................................................................................................................67 5.5 Summary and conclusions ....................................................................................................................................68 References ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................69 6 Smallholder producer organisations 71 6.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................71 6.2 Smallholder agriculture: key challenges ......................................................................................................... 74 6.3 Farmer organisations in Pakistan........................................................................................................................ 75 6.4 Overseas experience .................................................................................................................................................78 6.5 Summary .......................................................................................................................................................................82 6.6 Recommendations ....................................................................................................................................................83 References ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................85 7 Improving gender equality in Pakistan 87 7.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................87 7.2 Gender equality in Pakistan ..................................................................................................................................88 7.3 Federal and provincial government policy initiatives ................................................................................91 7.4 ACIAR surveys...............................................................................................................................................................94 7.5 Summary and conclusions ....................................................................................................................................95 7.6 Recommendations ....................................................................................................................................................96 References ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................98

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