AGOA – an Instrument of the US Ruling Class
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Women, Slavery, and British Imperial Interventions in Mauritius, 1810–1845
Women, Slavery, and British Imperial Interventions in Mauritius, 1810–1845 Tyler Yank Department of History and Classical Studies Faculty of Arts McGill University, Montréal October 2019 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy © Tyler Yank 2019 ` Table of Contents ! Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 2 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Résumé ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Figures ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 10 History & Historiography ............................................................................................................. 15 Definitions ..................................................................................................................................... 21 Scope of Study ............................................................................................................................. -
African Union Addressed • S/2002/979 (29 August 2002) Was Peace and Security in Africa
SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT 2011 No. 2 10 May 2011 SPECIAL RESEARCH REPORT This report and links to all of the relevant documents are available on our website at www.securitycouncilreport.org Working TogeTher for Peace and SecuriTy in africa: The Security council and the AU Peace and Security council TABLE OF CONTENTS 9. The AU PSC-UN Security This Special Research Report 1. Introduction .................................1 Council Relationship ................23 responds to a growing interest in 2. Historical Context .......................3 10. Trying to Put Things in how to improve the joint efforts of 2.1 UN Chapter VIII Relationships ......3 Perspective .................................26 both the UN Security Council and the AU Peace and Security Council 2.2 The AU Comes into Being ............4 11. Council and Wider Dynamics ...28 to prevent and end violent conflicts 3. The AU Structural Design ..........5 11.1 Political Perspectives from in Africa. For almost six years SCR 4. The AU’s Peace and Security the Past ........................................28 has been analysing these efforts in System ..........................................6 11.2 Current Political Dynamics .........30 country-specific situations and at 4.1 The PSC’s Structure and 12. The Way Ahead ......................... 32 the thematic level. But with the tenth Working Methods..........................6 13. UN Documents ......................... 33 anniversary of the AU inauguration 4.2 The Continental Early 14. AU Documents.......................... 37 just over a year away it seemed Warning System ............................7 Appendix ................................... 38 clear that the relationship still had 4.3 The Panel of the Wise ...................7 many problems and was very far 4.4 The African Standby Force away from realising its potential for being an effective partnership. -
1: Manumission and Freedom in Early British Mauritius, 1811–1839
4 ‘Fit for Freedom’1: Manumission and Freedom in Early British Mauritius, 1811–1839 Satyendra Peerthum …it was often possible for the slave [and apprentice], by great perseverance and labour to purchase his own freedom and, this being accomplished the freedom of those dear to him.2 The slaves, however, were not prepared to wait for freedom to come to them as a dispensation from above….They were fully impressed with the belief that they were entitled to their freedom and that the cause they had embraced was just and in vindication of their own rights.3 Introduction The objective of this chapter is to explore the experience of slaves during the Slave Amelioration Period and of apprentices during the Apprenticeship era in Mauritius. It focuses on slaves’ and apprentices’ attempts to free themselves through manumission, their motives and the methods used to achieve this between 1829 and 1839. The aim is to show that slaves did not wait for the official abolition of slavery by the British government to attempt to change their servile status and instead used innovative attempts to improve their lives. As stated by Saunders for South Africa: Historians of slavery…may lay too great a stress on the great day of freedom…or the more important day four years later. Freedom had come to many individuals long before either of those dates … Individually and collectively they moved from effective slavery to ‘freedom’ before emancipation day dawned for the slaves.4 The slaves’ and apprentices’ attempts at manumission were interpreted in a number of ways by colonial officials and local colonists, and thus this chapter will 70 Transition from Slavery in Zanzibar and Mauritius also seek to extract all available information from sources to try to understand the world view of the slaves as this is rarely seen or stated explicitly in the sources. -
2549-1296 Volume 3, Number 1, January 2019 Unilateral Claim Ov
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law ISSN: 2549-2152, EISSN: 2549-1296 Volume 3, Number 1, January 2019 Unilateral Claim over Chagos Archipelago as British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) by United Kingdom Based on International Law Jerina Novita Elpasari Abstract In 1965, United Kingdom (UK) made a unilateral claim over the Chagos Archipelago as British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) based on the BIOT Order of 1965 and Statutory Instrument of 1965 No. 1020. Due to this unilateral act, the Chagos Archipelago no longer parts of Mauritius. Problem arising from Britain's unilateral claim to the territory was further aggravated by the United Kingdom’s act in enforcing population transfer towards all Chagos islanders (Chagossians) out of the territory without adequate compensations and resettlement. This research aims to analyze the legality of unilateral claims over the Chagos archipelago as a BIOT and the enforced transfer of Chagossians from their original residential place by the United Kingdom. It argues that under international law, Chagos Archipelago is recognized as an area that should remain integrated within the territory of Mauritius. It further argues that the UK has violated international law by committing enforced population transfer. Keywords: BIOT, Enforced Population Transfer, Territory, The Chagos Archipelago, Unilateral Act. Klaim Sepihak Inggris terhadap Kepulauan Chagos sebagai British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) Berdasarkan Hukum Internasional Abstrak Pada tahun 1965, Inggris melakukan klaim sepihak atas wilayah Kepulauan Chagos sebagai British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) berdasarkan British Indian Ocean Territory Order of 1965 dan Statutory Instrument of 1965 No. 1020. Kepulauan Chagos merupakan bagian dari Mauritius pada saat Mauritius berada dibawah penjajahan Inggris. -
Brief After JO Comments 12 September 2011
THE GLOBAL FORUM ON TRANSPARENCY AND EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION FOR TAX PURPOSES THE GLOBAL FORUM ON TRANSPARENCY AND EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION FOR TAX PURPOSES INFORMATION BRIEF 12 September 2011 For more information please contact: Jeffrey Owens, OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration Director (jeffrey.HU [email protected])UH or Pascal Saint-Amans, Global Forum Secretariat (pascal.saintHU [email protected])UH 12 September 2011 THE GLOBAL FORUM ON TRANSPARENCY AND EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION FOR TAX PURPOSES BREAKING NEWS! JURISDICTIONS MOVE TOWARDS FULL TAX TRANSPARENCY 1. Furthering efforts to fight against international tax evasion and bank secrecy, members of the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes have issued 12 new peer review reports. 2. Reports on Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Austria, Bahrain, the Virgin Islands (British), Curaçao, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Saint Kitts and Nevis and the Turks and Caicos Islands focus on their legal frameworks which allow for transparency and exchange of tax information. The review report on the United Kingdom considers in addition the exchange of information in practice. 3. In addition, two supplementary reports for Belgium and the Cayman Islands show that they are swiftly amending their domestic legislation to address recommendations made by the Global Forum in previous reviews. 4. The reports describe each jurisdiction’s rules for ensuring that information is available to the tax authorities, how it can be accessed by authorities and the mechanisms in place to exchange information with foreign tax authorities. They also identify deficiencies and make recommendations on how to improve co-operation in international tax matters. -
Indentured Labour in Sub-Saharan Africa (1870-1918): Circulation of Concepts Between Imperial Powers
Indentured Labour in Sub-Saharan Africa (1870-1918): Circulation of Concepts between Imperial Powers ULRIKE LINDNER INTRODUCTION When German mining companies in the German colony of South West Africa pressed their government to recruit Chinese or Indian indentured workers for their enterprises in 1912, a discussion ensued in neighbouring South Africa. In the Transvaal, at that time already part of the Union of South Africa, tens of thousands of Chinese had been imported to work in the mines at the Witwatersrand between 1904 and 1907 (Richardson 1984). The advice of a Transvaal Newspaper to the German colonial minister was to keep German South West Africa as a “white colony” and to refrain from importing Asian coolies as it would endanger the racial order.1 But German South West Africa proceeded with its endeavour to recruit Indian indentured workers, even though it was not successful, as the Indian government restricted indenture in general. Almost at the same time, in 1910, a British government committee, the Sanderson committee, exploring the future use of Indian contract migrants in colonial environments, mentioned the “invaluable service” of Indian im- migration in many colonies of the British Empire and proposed encouraging the introduction of indentured labourers in the future.2 It also stated that it would be 1 National Archive of Namibia, ZBU 2076 W IV R1, (transcript, German Consulate, Johannesburg to Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg, 16 August 1912). 2 Report of the Committee on Emigration from India to the Crown Colonies and Protectorates -
2004 = Bibliographie Nationale De Maurice 2004
NATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MAURITIUS 2004 = BIBLIOGRAPHIE NATIONALE DE MAURICE 2004 NATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MAURITIUS 2004 BIBLIOGRAPHIE NATIONALE DE MAURICE 2004 EDITED BY Yves Chan Kam Lon NATIONAL LIBRARY Republic of Mauritius Port-Louis 2007 1 NATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MAURITIUS 2004 = BIBLIOGRAPHIE NATIONALE DE MAURICE 2004 Published by National Library, c2007 1st & 2nd Floors, Fon Sing Building, 12, Edith Cavell Street, Port-Louis Copyright 2007 National Library All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any terms, without written permission from the publisher National Library (Republic of Mauritius) Cataloguing-in-Publication Data National bibliography of Mauritius 2004 = Bibliographie nationale de Maurice 2004 / edited by Yves Chan Kam Lon .– Port-Louis : National Library, c2007. p. ; cm Includes indexes ISBN 1. Bibliography, National (Mauritius) 2. National libraries (Mauritius) I. Chan Kam Lon, Yves (ed.) 015'.6982 dc-22 ISBN 2 NATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MAURITIUS 2004 = BIBLIOGRAPHIE NATIONALE DE MAURICE 2004 Contents Acknowledgements Introduction 000 – 099 : Generalities 100 – 199 : Philosophy & psychology 200 – 299 : Religion 300 – 399 : Social sciences 400 – 499 : Language 500 – 599 : Science 600 – 699 : Technology 700 – 799 : Arts & recreation 800 – 899 : Literature 900 – 999 : History & geography List of Newspapers Author Index Title Index Subject Index 3 NATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MAURITIUS 2004 = BIBLIOGRAPHIE NATIONALE DE MAURICE 2004 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -
Research → Bibliography
Further Reading Archaeological reports from Mauritius: Summers. G, &, Summers. F 2009. Archaeological potential of the Forbach Estate Camp for Labourers. Final report. Unpub. archaeological report. Historical archaeology of fort Frederik Hendrik, a Dutch East India Company outpost at Mauritius, a report on the 1997 - 2003 excavation seasons. Available from: http://easy.dans.knaw.nl/dms Selected texts on Mauritius: Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund 2003 The Aapravasi Ghat. Past and present. Port Louis: Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund. Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund 2006 Indenture: a brief history of indenture in Mauritius and in the world. Port Louis: Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund. Addison, J. &, Hazareesingh, K. 1984 A New History of Mauritius. Rose-Hill: Editions de l’Océan Indien. Allen, R. B. 1999 Slaves, Freedmen, and Indentured Laborers in Colonial Mauritius. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Allen, R. B. 2001 Licentious and unbridled proceedings: the illegal slave trade to Mauritius and the Seychelles during the early nineteenth century. In Journal of African History, Vol. 42, pp. 91-116. Allen, R. B. 2008 The constant demand of the French: the Mascarene slave trade and the worlds of the Indian Ocean and Atlantic during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In Journal of African History, Vol. 49, pp. 43-72. Barker, A. 1996 Slavery and Antislavery in Mauritius, 1810-33. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Boswell, R. 2006 Le Malaise Creole: Ethnic Identity in Mauritius. New Directions in Anthropology. New York: Berghahn Books. Boswell, R. 2008 Challenges to Identifying and Managing Intangible Cultural Heritage in Mauritius, Zanzibar and Seychelles. Codesria. Carter, M. 1995 Servants, Sirdars and Settlers: Indians in Mauritius, 1834-1874. -
See Complete Issue In
Issue 9, September 2017 ISSN: 2286-7511 EISSN: 2287-0113 Special Issue–The Lessons of History Editorial: The Presence of the Past: Lessons of history for anti-trafficking work Black Suffering for/from Anti-trafficking Advocacy ‘The New Order of Things’: Immobility as protection in the regime of immigration controls ‘Bound Coolies’ and Other Indentured Workers in the Caribbean: Implications for debates about human trafficking and modern slavery Anti-White Slavery Legislation and its Legacies in England Historicising ‘Irregular’ Migration from Senegal to Europe ‘Shock and Awe’: A critique of the Ghana-centric child trafficking discourse ATR #9 First Page---01.pmd 1 1/1/2545, 3:44 review GUEST EDITOR EDITOR JULIA O’CONNELL DAVIDSON BORISLAV GERASIMOV EDITORIAL BOARD RUTVICA ANDRIJASEVIC, University of Bristol, United Kingdom JACQUELINE BHABHA, Harvard School of Public Health, United States URMILA BHOOLA, UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences, South Africa XIANG BIAO, Oxford University, United Kingdom LUCIANA CAMPELLO, Panamerican Health Organization, Brazil MIKE DOTTRIDGE, Independent Human Rights Consultant, United Kingdom JOY NGOZI EZEILO, University of Nigeria; Former UN Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, Nigeria ANNE GALLAGHER, Independent scholar and legal advisor, Australia JOHN GEE, Transient Workers Count Too, Singapore CHANDRE GOULD, Institute for Security Studies, South Africa SUZANNE HOFF, La Strada International, The Netherlands -
Annual Report | 2018-19
Ministry of External Affairs Annual Report | 2018-19 Ministry of External Affairs New Delhi Annual Report | 2018-19 Published by : Policy Planning and Research Division, Ministry of External Affairs, New Delhi This Annual Report can also be accessed at website : www.mea.gov.in Designed and Produced by www.creativedge.in contents Introduction and Synopsis 4 1. India’s Neighbours 32 2. South-East Asia and Asia-Pacific 64 3. East Asia 92 4. Eurasia 98 5. The Gulf and West Asia 110 6. Africa 124 7. Europe and European Union 146 8. The Americas 180 9. United Nations and International Organizations & Legal and Treaties Division 206 10. Disarmament and International Security Affairs 228 11. Multilateral Economic Relations 236 12. SAARC and BIMSTEC 244 13. Development Cooperation 250 14. Economic Diplomacy 260 15. States 270 16. Counter Terrorism 276 17. Global Cyber Issues 278 18. Boundary Cell 279 19. Policy Planning and Research 280 20. Protocol 284 21. Consular, Passport and Visa Services 296 22. Overseas Indian Affairs 308 23. Administration and Establishment 320 24. Right to Information and Chief Public Information Office 324 25. E-Governance and Information Technology 326 26. Parliament and Coordination Division 330 27. External Publicity & Public Diplomacy Division 334 28. Foreign Service Institute 340 29. Nalanda Division 346 30. Implementation of Official Language Policy & Propagation of Hindi Abroad 348 31. Indian Council for Cultural Relations 350 32. Indian Council of World Affairs 352 33. Research and Information System for Developing Countries 360 34. Library and Archives 372 35. Finance and Budget 376 36. APPENDIXES 385 Introduction and SynopsIs During the year under review, the Ministry of External Affairs launching of the two-year celebrations to mark the 150th continued its pragmatic and outcome oriented engagements, birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. -
Freedom in the World 1987-1988 Complete Book
Freedom in the World Political Rights and Civil Liberties 1986-1987 A FREEDOM HOUSE BOOK Greenwood Press issues the Freedom House series "Studies in Freedom" in addition to the Freedom House yearbook Freedom in the World. Strategies for the 1980s: Lessons of Cuba, Vietnam, and Afghanistan Philip van Slyk. Studies in Freedom, Number 1 Escape to Freedom: The Story of the International Rescue Committee Aaro Levenstein. Studies in Freedom, Number 2 Forty Years: A Third World Soldier at the UN Carlos P. Romulo with Betty Day Romulo. Studies in Freedom, Number 3 Will of the People: Original Democracy in Non- Western Societies Raul S. Manglapus. Studies in Freedom, Number 4 Freedom in the World Political Rights and Civil Liberties 1986-1987 Raymond D. Gastil With an Essay by Leonard R. Sussman GREENWOOD PRESS New York • Westport, Connecticut • London Copyright © 1987 by Freedom House, Inc. Freedom House, 48 East 21st Street, New York, N.Y. 10010 All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 82-642048 ISBN: 0-313-25906-2 ISSN: 0732-6610 First published in 1987 Greenwood Press, Inc. 88 Post Road West, Westport, Connecticut 06881 Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984). 10 987654321 Contents MAPS AND TABLES vii PREFACE ix PART I. THE SURVEY IN 1986 Freedom in the Comparative Survey: 3 Definitions and Criteria Survey Ratings and Tables for 1986 29 The Comparative Survey: Criticisms and Comparisons 79 PART II. -
The Destiny of the Chagos Islands and Its People
Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana THE DESTINY OF THE CHAGOS ISLANDS AND ITS PEOPLE Memorandum Concerning Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965 Authors: Urša Demšar, Vid Drole, Mohor Fajdiga, Anže Kimovec, Ula Aleksandra Kos, Anže Mediževec, Pia Novak, Gregor Oprčkal, Miha Plahutnik, Ana Samobor, Hana Šerbec. Student Coordinator: Suggestion for the project and feedback: Mohor Fajdiga Dr Veronika Fikfak, University of Cambridge Date: Ljubljana, 3 August 2018 Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................................... i Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................... iii Table of cases ......................................................................................................................................... iv Table of treaties and other instruments ................................................................................................... v I) Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 II) Factual background ......................................................................................................................... 2 III) Admissibility .............................................................................................................................