Indentured Labour in Sub-Saharan Africa (1870-1918): Circulation of Concepts Between Imperial Powers
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Namibia's Colonization Process
The Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Namibia’s Colonization Process By: Jonathan Baker Honors Capstone Through Professor Taylor Politics of Sub-Saharan Africa Baker, 2 Table of Contents I. Authors Note II. Introduction III. Pre-Colonization IV. Colonization by Germany V. Colonization by South Africa VI. The Struggle for Independence VII. The Decolonization Process VIII. Political Changes- A Reaction to Colonization IX. Immediate Economic Changes Brought on by Independence X. Long Term Political Effects (of Colonization) XI. Long Term Cultural Effects XII. Long Term Economic Effects XIII. Prospects for the Future XIV. Conclusion XV. Bibliography XVI. Appendices Baker, 3 I. Author’s Note I learned such a great deal from this entire honors capstone project, that all the knowledge I have acquired can hardly be covered by what I wrote in these 50 pages. I learned so much more that I was not able to share both about Namibia and myself. I can now claim that I am knowledgeable about nearly all areas of Namibian history and life. I certainly am no expert, but after all of this research I can certainly consider myself reliable. I have never had such an extensive knowledge before of one academic area as a result of a school project. I also learned a lot about myself through this project. I learned how I can motivate myself to work, and I learned how I perform when I have to organize such a long and complicated paper, just to name a couple of things. The strange inability to be able to include everything I learned from doing this project is the reason for some of the more random appendices at the end, as I have a passion for both numbers and trivia. -
Women, Slavery, and British Imperial Interventions in Mauritius, 1810–1845
Women, Slavery, and British Imperial Interventions in Mauritius, 1810–1845 Tyler Yank Department of History and Classical Studies Faculty of Arts McGill University, Montréal October 2019 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy © Tyler Yank 2019 ` Table of Contents ! Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 2 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Résumé ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Figures ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 10 History & Historiography ............................................................................................................. 15 Definitions ..................................................................................................................................... 21 Scope of Study ............................................................................................................................. -
The German Colonization of Southwest Africa and the Anglo-German Rivalry, 1883-1915
University of Nebraska at Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Student Work 7-1-1995 Doors left open then slammed shut: The German colonization of Southwest Africa and the Anglo-German rivalry, 1883-1915 Matthew Erin Plowman University of Nebraska at Omaha Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork Recommended Citation Plowman, Matthew Erin, "Doors left open then slammed shut: The German colonization of Southwest Africa and the Anglo-German rivalry, 1883-1915" (1995). Student Work. 435. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork/435 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Work by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DOORS LEFT OPEN THEN SLAMMED SHUT: THE GERMAN COLONIZATION OF SOUTHWEST AFRICA AND THE ANGLO-GERMAN RIVALRY, 1883-1915. A Thesis Presented to the Department of History and the Faculty of the Graduate College University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts University of Nebraska at Omaha by Matthew Erin Plowman July 1995 UMI Number: EP73073 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI Blsaartalibn Publish*rig UMI EP73073 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. -
Zoogeography of Digenetic Trematodes from West African Marine Fishes1
192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Zoogeography of Digenetic Trematodes from West African Marine Fishes1 JACOB H. FISCHTHAL Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13901. ABSTRACT: Of the 107 species of trematodes found in West African (Mauritania to Gabon) marine fishes, 100 are allocated to 64 genera in 24 families while seven are immature didymozoids. Many of these genera are located in most of the world's seas with the exception of the polar seas; only five are en- demic to West Africa. The data for the 41 species known from West Africa and elsewhere, and those morphologically closest to the 55 endemic species, indicate that they are very widely distributed, particularly in the Western and North Atlantic, and Mediterranean. Historical and present- day events concerning physical and biological environmental factors and their effects on actual and po- tential hosts as well as on life cycle stages of the trematodes have resulted in the geographical distribution reported. The distribution of marine fishes has been emphasized to explain in part the trematode distribu- tion. Studies on the geographical distribution of (Gulf of Guinea from 5° S to 15° N) and digenetic trematodes of marine fishes in various warm temperate Mauritania have been pre- seas have been presented by Manter (1955, sented by Ekman (1953), Buchanan (1958), 1963, 1967), Szidat (1961), and Lebedev Longhurst (1962), and Ingham (1970). (1969), but West African waters were not included as sufficient data were not available Zoogeographical Distribution until more recently. The digenetic trematodes Of the 107 species of trematodes found in of West African marine fishes (mainly shore West African fishes, 100 are allocated to 64 and shelf inhabitants) have been reported by genera in 24 families while seven are immature Dollfus (1929, 1937a, b, 1946, 1951, 1960), didymozoids of unknown generic status (Ap- Dollfus and Capron (1958), Thomas (1959, pendix I). -
DISSENTING OPINION of JUDGE PARRA-ARANGUREN 1. in 1884
DISSENTING OPINION OF JUDGE PARRA-ARANGUREN The Anglo-German Agreement of 1890 - The Parties' dijfering interpreta- tions of the 1890 Treaty - Subsequent practice as a rule of treuty interpreta- tion - Subsequent practice of the Parties in the application of the 1890 Agree- ment - The Mandate for South West Africa (Numibia) - Relevant evidencr suhmitted to the Court - Cuptain H. V. Euson's Report (1912) - Joint Report of 1948 (Trollope-Redmun) und Exchange of Lerters between 1948 and 1951 - Mr. R. R. Renew's Report (1965) - Witnesses called by Namibi~r- Evidence presented by Bots,vana - Maps - Aerial photogruphs and satellite images - Peaceful and public use of KasikililSedudu Island hy Masubia Tribes- men from Eastern Caprivi - Conclusion. 1. In 1884 Germany proclaimed a Protectorate over the Coast south of the Cape Colony's enclave at Walvis Bay and some years later, before 1890, expanded its territorial claims in South West Africa, without systematically establishing an effective administration on the ground. The United Kingdom decided to accept Germany's territorial claims in South West Africa, even though it regarded this territory as lying within Britain's natural sphere of influence. 2. The only area in dispute was Ngamiland, north of British Bechuana- land, a territory assigned to neither power and extending from the 20th to the 24th degree of longitude. Discussions began in 1886 but it was only in 1890 after the resignation of the German Chancellor Otto von Bis- marck that the new Chancellor, General Georg Leo Von Caprivi and his Foreign Minister, Baron Marschall, accelerated diplomatic discussions with Britain over Africa. -
The Imperial Map Cape Colony and Later Military Maps of the Cape Colony, South Africa
The Imperial Map Cape Colony and later military maps of the Cape Colony, South Africa. Dr Christopher Board formerly Senior Lecturer in Geography, London School of Economics Abstract Attempts to compile maps for military use in the Cape Colony during the Anglo-Boer War 1899- 1902 left a legacy of incomplete and unstandardised mapping at the scale of 1:250,000 known as the Imperial Map Cape Colony. Aware of the need for good mapping to permit satisfactory administration and defence a congress of interested parties agreed in 1904 to a scheme for topographic mapping South Africa based on geodetic survey. Economic problems put an end to this project, but the War Office considered the NW Cape Colony worthy of a reconnaissance map at 1:250,000 which they would fund. Thus a special section of the War Office’s map of Africa G.S.G.S.1764 was designed and produced in a military version and as sales editions. The paper documents the progress of the survey and compilation of this map using surviving maps and other archival material in the UK. Introduction British military mapping of a large part of the Cape Colony, South Africa was achieved in great haste to meet the requirements of a mobile army in unfamiliar and poorly mapped, mostly open country at the end of the 19th century. The Imperial Map Cape Colony was compiled to meet the need for a map for planning and executing military operations, to deal with guerrilla war in the Colony itself. It was compiled from mapping available in the Surveyor General’s Department, supplemented by local observation and intelligence reports. -
The Arab-Israeli Conflict from the Perspective of International Law
THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW Yoram Dinstein* The Washington agreement of September 1993 between Israel and the Palestinians,1 has raised hopes worldwide that the Arab-Israeli conflict which has been raging for many decades (and in fact precedes the birth of the State of Israel) is drawing to a dose. In reality, while the Washington agreement undoubtedly represents a major breakthrough, it is premature to regard the conflict as settled. Many more agreements, not only with the Palestinians, will be required in order to augur a comprehensive peace in the Middle East. In the meantime, numerous issues remain unresolved and there is still much opposition in many circles to the idea of Arab-Israeli reconciliation. The need to study the international legal aspects of the conflict is, therefore, as topical today as it was in earlier days. The following observations on the Arab-Israeli conflict will be based on international law. No attempt will be made to examine “historical rights”. Moreover, no reference will be made here to justice or morality. History, justice and morality are constantly invoked by both parties to every conflict and, as a rule, they are neither helpful nor unequivocal. Being subjective perspectives, they are more conducive to the definition of the problem than to its solution. Unfortunately, the arguments heard on both sides of the Arab-Israeli conflict are frequently grounded on a confusing (not to say confused) combination of law, justice, morality and history. If the conflict is to be probed in a rational and hopefully productive way, it is imperative to identify the level on which the analysis is to be conducted. -
Board Christopher
International Symposium on “Old Worlds-New Worlds”: The History of Colonial Cartography 1750-1950 Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 21 to 23 August 2006 Working Group on the History of Colonial Cartography in the 19th and 20 th centuries International Cartographic Association (ICA-ACI) The British War Office 1:250,000 mapping of Cape Colony 1906-1914 Dr Christopher Board formerly Senior Lecturer, London School of Economics [email protected] Abstract After the second Anglo-Boer War when the two coastal colonies were joined by two new ones previously Boer republics the British were keen to remap the entire territory of South Africa. Despite plans drawn up in 1903 only three projects were begun. There are a few references to similar mapping of the Southern Transvaal and a preliminary paper on the Cape Colony Reconnaissance series by Board. The latter series at 1:250,000 covered the north-west region of the Colony, 35 sheets were surveyed and/or compiled but only 33 were published. The Royal Engineer Survey teams responsible for mapping the Cape Colony were withdrawn in November 1911 leaving most of the rest of the Colony to rely on poor maps of varying accuracy and quality dating to the recent war or before it. This paper not only charts the progress of mapping the series known as GSGS1764 from analysing published maps, but draws on collections in London and Cambridge which contain unpublished compilation material and the elusive model sheet for the series. Its discovery and description throw light on the War Office’s requirements for mapping in the dying days of an era of colonial mapping. -
1: Manumission and Freedom in Early British Mauritius, 1811–1839
4 ‘Fit for Freedom’1: Manumission and Freedom in Early British Mauritius, 1811–1839 Satyendra Peerthum …it was often possible for the slave [and apprentice], by great perseverance and labour to purchase his own freedom and, this being accomplished the freedom of those dear to him.2 The slaves, however, were not prepared to wait for freedom to come to them as a dispensation from above….They were fully impressed with the belief that they were entitled to their freedom and that the cause they had embraced was just and in vindication of their own rights.3 Introduction The objective of this chapter is to explore the experience of slaves during the Slave Amelioration Period and of apprentices during the Apprenticeship era in Mauritius. It focuses on slaves’ and apprentices’ attempts to free themselves through manumission, their motives and the methods used to achieve this between 1829 and 1839. The aim is to show that slaves did not wait for the official abolition of slavery by the British government to attempt to change their servile status and instead used innovative attempts to improve their lives. As stated by Saunders for South Africa: Historians of slavery…may lay too great a stress on the great day of freedom…or the more important day four years later. Freedom had come to many individuals long before either of those dates … Individually and collectively they moved from effective slavery to ‘freedom’ before emancipation day dawned for the slaves.4 The slaves’ and apprentices’ attempts at manumission were interpreted in a number of ways by colonial officials and local colonists, and thus this chapter will 70 Transition from Slavery in Zanzibar and Mauritius also seek to extract all available information from sources to try to understand the world view of the slaves as this is rarely seen or stated explicitly in the sources. -
Politics in Southern Africa: State and Society in Transition
EXCERPTED FROM Politics in Southern Africa: State and Society in Transition Gretchen Bauer and Scott D. Taylor Copyright © 2005 ISBNs: 1-58826-332-0 hc 1-58826-308-8 pb 1800 30th Street, Ste. 314 Boulder, CO 80301 USA telephone 303.444.6684 fax 303.444.0824 This excerpt was downloaded from the Lynne Rienner Publishers website www.rienner.com i Contents Acknowledgments ix Map of Southern Africa xi 1 Introduction: Southern Africa as Region 1 Southern Africa as a Region 3 Theory and Southern Africa 8 Country Case Studies 11 Organization of the Book 15 2 Malawi: Institutionalizing Multipartyism 19 Historical Origins of the Malawian State 21 Society and Development: Regional and Ethnic Cleavages and the Politics of Pluralism 25 Organization of the State 30 Representation and Participation 34 Fundamentals of the Political Economy 40 Challenges for the Twenty-First Century 43 3 Zambia: Civil Society Resurgent 45 Historical Origins of the Zambian State 48 Society and Development: Zambia’s Ethnic and Racial Cleavages 51 Organization of the State 53 v vi Contents Representation and Participation 59 Fundamentals of the Political Economy 68 Challenges for the Twenty-First Century 75 4 Botswana: Dominant Party Democracy 81 Historical Origins of the Botswana State 83 Organization of the State 87 Representation and Participation 93 Fundamentals of the Political Economy 101 Challenges for the Twenty-First Century 104 5 Mozambique: Reconstruction and Democratization 109 Historical Origins of the Mozambican State 113 Society and Development: Enduring Cleavages -
2549-1296 Volume 3, Number 1, January 2019 Unilateral Claim Ov
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law ISSN: 2549-2152, EISSN: 2549-1296 Volume 3, Number 1, January 2019 Unilateral Claim over Chagos Archipelago as British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) by United Kingdom Based on International Law Jerina Novita Elpasari Abstract In 1965, United Kingdom (UK) made a unilateral claim over the Chagos Archipelago as British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) based on the BIOT Order of 1965 and Statutory Instrument of 1965 No. 1020. Due to this unilateral act, the Chagos Archipelago no longer parts of Mauritius. Problem arising from Britain's unilateral claim to the territory was further aggravated by the United Kingdom’s act in enforcing population transfer towards all Chagos islanders (Chagossians) out of the territory without adequate compensations and resettlement. This research aims to analyze the legality of unilateral claims over the Chagos archipelago as a BIOT and the enforced transfer of Chagossians from their original residential place by the United Kingdom. It argues that under international law, Chagos Archipelago is recognized as an area that should remain integrated within the territory of Mauritius. It further argues that the UK has violated international law by committing enforced population transfer. Keywords: BIOT, Enforced Population Transfer, Territory, The Chagos Archipelago, Unilateral Act. Klaim Sepihak Inggris terhadap Kepulauan Chagos sebagai British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) Berdasarkan Hukum Internasional Abstrak Pada tahun 1965, Inggris melakukan klaim sepihak atas wilayah Kepulauan Chagos sebagai British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) berdasarkan British Indian Ocean Territory Order of 1965 dan Statutory Instrument of 1965 No. 1020. Kepulauan Chagos merupakan bagian dari Mauritius pada saat Mauritius berada dibawah penjajahan Inggris. -
Brief After JO Comments 12 September 2011
THE GLOBAL FORUM ON TRANSPARENCY AND EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION FOR TAX PURPOSES THE GLOBAL FORUM ON TRANSPARENCY AND EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION FOR TAX PURPOSES INFORMATION BRIEF 12 September 2011 For more information please contact: Jeffrey Owens, OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration Director (jeffrey.HU [email protected])UH or Pascal Saint-Amans, Global Forum Secretariat (pascal.saintHU [email protected])UH 12 September 2011 THE GLOBAL FORUM ON TRANSPARENCY AND EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION FOR TAX PURPOSES BREAKING NEWS! JURISDICTIONS MOVE TOWARDS FULL TAX TRANSPARENCY 1. Furthering efforts to fight against international tax evasion and bank secrecy, members of the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes have issued 12 new peer review reports. 2. Reports on Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Austria, Bahrain, the Virgin Islands (British), Curaçao, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Saint Kitts and Nevis and the Turks and Caicos Islands focus on their legal frameworks which allow for transparency and exchange of tax information. The review report on the United Kingdom considers in addition the exchange of information in practice. 3. In addition, two supplementary reports for Belgium and the Cayman Islands show that they are swiftly amending their domestic legislation to address recommendations made by the Global Forum in previous reviews. 4. The reports describe each jurisdiction’s rules for ensuring that information is available to the tax authorities, how it can be accessed by authorities and the mechanisms in place to exchange information with foreign tax authorities. They also identify deficiencies and make recommendations on how to improve co-operation in international tax matters.