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Opecoelus (Opecoelidae: Japan

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Opecoelus (Opecoelidae: Japan JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicof Systematic Zoology Zool., No. 37:1-19. 25, 1988. PToc. .Iapn. Soc. syst. June Trematodes of the Genera Coitocaecum, Dimerosacc"s and Opecoelus (Opecoelidae: Opecoelinae) from Freshwater Fishes of Japan Takeshi SHIMAZU Synopsis SmMAzu, T. 1988 Trematodes of the genera Coitocaecum, Dim.erosaccus and Opecoelus (Opeeoelidae: Opecoelinae) irom freshwater fishes of Japan. Proc. Japn. Soc. "yst. Zool., Tokuo, No. 37: 1-19. Three species of three trematode genera (Opeeeelidae: Opecoelinae) are reported from freshwater fishes of ,Japan: (Joitocaectt7n plagie7'ch,is OzAKI, 1926; Dimerosacczts oneerhynehi (EGuciTr, 1931) SHIMAzu, 1980; and a new speeies Opecoel?ts ?.tkigori. Diagnoses of the family, subfarnily and genera are given. Each specties is deseribecl and illusti'ated, and its systemati[: position is diseussed. Opecot.lits ?{kigeri lrom Chaenogobins aimttla7'is (the freshwater and rniddle- reaehes types) (Gobiidae) of sauthern Hokkaido most elosely resembles O. 77tutzif YAMAGuTi, 1940, and O. va･?n'abilis CRiBB, 1985, in morphology, but differs from the former in more posteriorly leeated testes and a much shorter external seminal vesiele, and from the latter in a larger body size, longer digitiform appendages of the ventral sucker, a shorter external seminal vesiele and smal]er eggs. This trematode is likely to be a freshwater speeies. This is the third report on the trematodes of the Japanese freshwater fishes. It deals with three species of the genera, Coitocaec?.tm NicoLL, 1915, Dimerosacctts SHIMAzu, 1980, and Opecoel･zts OzAKI, 1925 (Opeeo-- elidae; Opecoelinae). For the materials and methods, the first report (SHJMAzu, 1988) is to be referred. Family Opecoelidae OzAKI, 1925 Opeeoelidae OzAKi, 1925, p. 53 (type genus, Opecoelus OzAKi, 1925). Coitoeaeeidae OzAKT, 1929, p. 76 (type genus, Coitocaec"･m NicoLL, 1915). Podocotylidae DoLLFus, 1960, pp.101-102 (type genus, Podocotyle DuJARDIN, 1845). Diagnosis. Trematoda: Opeeoeloidea. Body elongate or oval, ' fiattened or cylindrical, aspinose, nonoculate. Oral sucker subterminal. Prepharynx short or practieally absent. Pharynx present. Esophagus variable in length. Intestines }ong, terminating blindly, opening poste- riorly through separate ani, fusing with exeretory vesicle to form a uroproet, er uniting with eaeh other to form a eycloeoel or to open through a single ventral anus. Ventral sucker in anterior half of body, NII-Electronic Library Service JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicof Systematic Zoology 2 T. Shimazu sessile or pedunculate, with or without papilliform or tentacular append- ages on anterior and posterior lip margins. Testes usually t･wo, rarely three to ten (usually nine), opposite, oblique or tandem, in hindbody. Cirrus pouch usual}y present, rarely rudimentary or absent; when large and rather thin-walled, ineluding seminal vesicle, prostatic complex and cirrus, but external seminal vesicle absent; when small, usually museular and thiek-walled, containing short internal seminal vesicle, prostatic eomplex and cirrus, and external seminal vesiele ]arge and enclosed or not by a thin membranous poueh. Genital atrium small. Genital pore anterior to ventral sucker, ventral, usually sinistro-submedian or -submarginal, rarely median, occasionally with aceessory sucker. Ovary pretestieular, median or submedian. Ootype- complex and LAuRER's eanal pi'eovarian. Seminal reeeptacle present or absent. Uterus usually preovarian or pretesticular, rarely extending into inter- or post-testicular region; metraterm present. Eggs operculate, filamented or not, usually not embryonated or rarely fully embryonated, when laid. Vitellaria fo!lieular, circumeecal, continuous or interrupted, usually reaching posterior end of body and confluent behind testes, valiable in anterior extent. Excretory vesicle tubular, epithelia], variable in extent, with posteroterminal or almost dorsal exeretory pore. Adults parasitic in digestive tract of marine and freshwater teleosts. Miracidia nonoeulate, with one pair of flame eells; epidermal eell tormula reportedly 6, 7, 4, 2, or 6, 6, 4, 2. Cotylomierocercous cercariae developing in sporocysts in prosobraneh snails ; fiame eell formula 2 [(2+ 2)+(2+2)]=16. Metacercariae encysting in aquatie arthropods, occa- sionally progenetic. Type genus: Opecoel･ics OzAKI, 1925. Discussion. This diagnosis has been based mainly on OzAKi (1925, 1928), YAMAGuTI (1971), GIBsoN (1976), ScHELL (1976), BRAY (1979), GIBsoN and BRAy (1982), and CRIBB (1985). The family Noto- porida'e YAMAGuTI, 1938 (type genus, Notoportts YAMAGuT'I, 1938) (YAMAGUTI, 1938, p. 55) is very closely related to the Opeeoelidae in general morphology in spite of the dorsal position of the genital pore and the absence of the cirrus. YAMAGuTI (1938) mentioned and figured the presence of the eyespots in N. ti"achzo"i YAMAGuTI, 1938 [:=Neono- toporus traehztri (YAMAGuTI, 1938) SRivAsTAvA, 1942], but it has been denied by Si{IMAzu (1981), who reported an eneysted metacercaria considered this species from a euphausiid crustacean, E'ttpha'Msia sim711is. YAMAGuTI (1939) described the excretory system in the adult stage of "the N. t7:achuri as collecting vessel...divides...into two tubules (an anterior and a posterior>, each of which bifurcates two times" and gave NII-Electronic Library Service JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicof Systematic Zoology of Japanese Freshwater Fishes 3 Opeeoeline Trematodes "(2+2+2+2) the fiame cell formula as × 2=16." The meaning of the above-quoted deseription is ambiguous, but it is apparent that the anterior and posterior eolleeting tubules have four fiame cells each. Aceordingly, it is possible that the flame cells formula is 2[(2+2)+(2+2)]=:16. The Notoporidae might well be a synonym of the Opecoelidae. SRIvAsTAvA (1942, p.131) reduced the Notoporidae to the rank of a subfamily Notoporinae and assigned it to the family Alloereadiidae STossicH, 1903. MANTER (1947) plaeed it in the Opecoelidae. He also eonsidered that the family Sphincterostomatidae YAMAGuTI, 1937 (type genus, Sphincter- osto7}ta YAMAGuTI, 1937) (YAMAGUTI, 1937, p. 6), is a synonym of the Opecoelidae. I feel some hesitation in accepting this synonymy on account of the presenee of a very thick tegument, a powerful sphincter at the opening' of the oral sucker, a median and just postbifurcal genital pore and a postovarian ootype-complex in S. b･i'aizeh･iostegi YAMAGuTI, 1937, the type species (YAMAGuTI, 1937). Subfamily Opecoelinae STuNKARD, 1931 epece:linae STvNKARD, 1931, p. 724 (type genus, Opeeoekts OzAm, 1925). Coit,o(:aecinae PocHE, 1926, p. 163 (type genus, Coitocaec?{･m NiceLL, 1915). Dia･gnos･is. Opecoelidae. Intestines ending blindly, opening through one or two ani, or fusing with exeretory vesicle to form a uroproct or with each other to form a eyclocoel. Ventral sueker sometimes with marginal appendages. Testes two. Cirrus poueh small, muscular alld thick-walled, or rudimentary or absent. External seminal vesicle enclosed by thin pouch or not. Genital pore prebifurcal; accessory s'ucker sometimes present. Seminal receptacle absent; proximal eoils of uterus forming a uterine seminal receptacle. Eggs without filaments. Intestinal parasites of marine and freshwater fishes. Miracidia nonoeulate, with one pair of flarne cells; epidermal cell formula reportedly 6, 7, 4, 2, or 6, 6, 4, 2. Cotylomicroeercous cercariae produeed in sporocysts in prosobTaneh snai!s; flarne cell formula 2 [(2+ 2)+ (2+2)]=16. Meteeercariae encysting in aquaric arthropods, some- times progenetie. Type genus: OpecoeZzts OzAKI, 1925. I)?Isc･z(ssion. This diagnosis of the subfamily has been based mainly on STuNKARD (1931), YAMAGUTI (1971), GIBSON (1976) and GIBsoN and BRAy (1982). Genus Coitoeaecum NICOLL, 1915 Coitoca.ecu-n NIcoLL, 1915, p.25, originally spelled Coitocoecuwt (type speeies, Co･ito- caecunz gymnophalZtem NIcOLL, 1915). NII-Electronic Library Service JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicof Systematic Zoology 4 T. Shimazu Ozak-ia WiSNiEwsKi, 1933: p. S4 (type species, Coi,tocaecum plagiorehis OzAKT, 1926); ' WIsNIEvvsKi, 1934, pp. 35, 38, table 1, Pseuaocoitocaee'uon. BiLQEEs, 1972, p.21 (type speeies, Pscudocoitoeaec-um thrissoclesis BILL,QEEs, 1972). Pav'a.da.ct'ulostomu･m ZIIuKov, 1972, p.347 (type speeies, Pa.7"adact?vlostomum i･izdiczept ZHuKov, 1972). Diagnosis. Opecoelidae: Opecoelinae. Cycloeoel present. Ventral sueker without marginal appendages. Cirrus poueh small, sometimes muscular and thick-walled; external seminal vesicle lying free in paran- chyma. Aecessory sucker absent. Vitellaria sometimes entering fore- body. Intestinal parasites of marine and freshwater fishes. Miracidia nonoculate, with one pair of flame cells. Cotylomiero- cer"cous cercariae developing in sporoeysts in prosobraneh snails; flame ce]1 formula 2[(2+2)+(2+2)]=16. Metacercariae encysting in am- phipods and shrimps. Type species: Co･itocaeczt.]'n. gy7nv'zophallztm NIcoLL, 1915. Dilsc?.{ssion. In ereeting this genus for a new species, C. gy･mno- ph･alltt77z･, NIcoLL (1915) described the cirrus poueh as absent in this species. OzAKi (1926, 1929) observed the presence of a small museular cirrus pouch eontaining the internal seminal vesiele, prostatic eomplex and ejaculatory duet in his new species, C. plagio7och･is and four others. 'WIsNIEwSKI (1933, 1934) proposed a new genus 02a･kia to aecommodate･ C. plagiorehis and the four other speeies and separated Coitoeaeczem and Ozaicia by the anatomical structure of the eirrus pouch. However, it is clear that this
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