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Boana Dentei (Bokermann, 1967) and Scinax Ruber (Laurenti, 1768)

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Boana Dentei (Bokermann, 1967) and Scinax Ruber (Laurenti, 1768) Herpetology Notes, volume 13: 337-339 (2020) (published online on 23 April 2020) Defensive colour behaviour in two hylids in the eastern Amazon: Boana dentei (Bokermann, 1967) and Scinax ruber (Laurenti, 1768) Fillipe Pedroso-Santos1,*, Pedro Hugo Esteves Silva2, Patrick Ribeiro Sanches1, and Carlos Eduardo Costa-Campos1 Abstract. Polyphenism has been well documented in anurans as an anti-predator mechanism. Herein, we report two cases of this defensive behaviour in Boana dentei and Scinax ruber in Amapá State, eastern Amazon, Brazil. Both species changed colour when exposed to different microhabitats. Our field observations suggest that this phenomenon is important for anurans to avoid potential predators. Keywords. Polyphenism, Hylidae, Predators, Northearn Brazil Many anurans display a wide variety of defensive and the Phyllomedusidae Phasmahyla cochranae, colour behaviours. The defensive colour behaviour of P. guttata, P. jandaia, (Stegen et al., 2004; Toledo polyphenism type belongs to the category of deceptive and Haddad, 2009; Choi and Jang, 2014; Machado et colouration, in which it is the ability of an individual al., 2015). In general, this phenomenon, in anurans, to generate different phenotypes by altering of their has been related with anti-predator mechanism and dorsal colouration with the rearrangement of their thermoregulation (Hoppe, 1979; King and King, 1991; chromatophores, involving physiological control of King et al., 1994). In this note, we report for the first the skin structures (Toledo and Haddad, 2009). Some time polyphenism displayed by two hylids in the eastern species may change their dorsal colouration very Amazon region: Boana dentei (Bokermann, 1967) and quickly, while another take hours, days or weeks to Scinax ruber (Laurenti, 1768). occur, but a rapid colour change is most important when Scinax ruber is a medium sized treefrog arboreal, an anuran becomes stationary following a change in nocturnal, and can be observed on bushes and trees in microhabitat, making it less detectable in its habitat and secondary forest and disturbed areas (e.g., urban area) avoiding potential predators (Stegen et al., 2004; Toledo (Lima et al., 2005), with geographic distribution in and Haddad, 2009). the Amazon Basin of Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Polyphenism has been documented in several species of Ecuador, the Guianas, eastern Panama, and Trinidad anurans of the family Hylidae, such as Bokermannohyla and Tobago (Frost, 2018). circumdata, B. alvarengai, Dryophytes japonicus, The Amapa Treefrog, B. dentei, is endemic from Serra Hyliola regilla, Scinax fuscomarginatus and S. hayii; do Navio, Amapá State, Brazil, with records also in French Guiana (Bokermann, 1967; Frost, 2018). During fieldwork in a rapid amphibian and reptile assessment at a wetland area (0.9066°N, 52.0073°W, datum WGS84; 146 m a.s.l.), municipality of Serra do 1 Universidade Federal do Amapá, Departamento de Ciências Navio, Amapá State, Brazil, we found on 15 June 2017 Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Campus at 17:30 h, an adult B. dentei (SVL = 74 mm; Weight Marco Zero do Equador, 68.903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil. = 8 g) under a vegetation. The specimen was exposed 2 Universidade Federal do Amapá, Departamento de Ciências to daylight and exhibited a dorsal yellow-whitish Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Zoologia, Campus Marco Zero do Equador, 68.903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil. colouration (Fig. 1A). After its capture, we move him * Corresponding author. E-mail: to a less illuminated area, and it was observed that there [email protected] was a change in dorsal colouration to brown-yellowish 338 Fillipe Pedroso-Santos et al. Figure 1. Boana dentei and Scinax ruber displayed polyphenism. A) Dorsal yellow-whitish colouration and B) dorsal brown- yellowish colouration of B. dentei. C) Dorsal yellowish-brown colouration and D) dorsal cream-brown colouration of S. ruber. (Fig. 1B). The entire event lasted 20 min. The individual with different illumination (Toledo and Haddad 2009). was photographed, but not collected. Although other species have been observed, as Boana On 6 December 2017 at 19:30 h, we found an adult cinerascens, B. multifasciata and Dendropsophus cf. S. ruber (SVL = 41 mm; Weight = 4 g) in a PVC pipe microcephalus, only B. dentei and S. ruber exhibited inside a water tank in an urban area in the municipality this defensive behaviour in our study, and our field of Macapá, Amapá State, Brazil (0.0129°S, 51.0830°W, observations suggest that the polyphenism exhibited datum WGS84; 7 m a.s.l.). The specimen was exhibiting by both species is strictly related to a camouflage a dorsal yellowish-brown colouration (Fig. 1C). After mechanism because its colourations have adapted to its capture by hand, we noticed a quick exchange in the microhabitat that were placed. According to Stegen its colour, exhibiting a cream-brown colouration after et al. (2004), this rapid colour change in anurans is 10 min (Fig. 1D). The frog did not return to the initial important when there are changes in the microhabitat, colour. This individual was not collected. making them less noticeable to their predators. A similar polyphenism was described for B. circumdata, in which the dorsal colouration was changed in areas Defensive colour behaviour in two hylids in the eastern Amazon 339 Acknowledgments: We thank Rodrigo Rente for the photograph King, R.B., Hauff, S., Phillips, J.B. (1994): Physiological color of Boana dentei. FPS thanks for the voluntary scientific initiation change in the green treefrog: responses to background bright- fellowship from Universidade Federal do Amapá (PROVIC/ ness and temperature. Copeia 1994: 422–432. UNIFAP). Lima, A.P., Magnusson, W.E., Menin, M., Erdtmann, L.K., Rodrigues, D.J., Keller, C. Hödl, W. (2005): Guia de sapos da References Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Amazônia Central. Manaus, Áttema Design Editorial. Bokermann, W.C.A. (1967): Nova espécie de Hyla do Amapá Machado, I.F., Mengucci, R.C., Mendes, H.F., Moroti, M.T. (2015): (Amphibia, Hylidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 27: 109– Polyphenism: defensive colour behaviour of Phasmahyla guttata 112. (A. Lutz, 1924) (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Herpetology Notes Choi, N., Jang, Y. (2014): Background matching by means of dorsal 8: 467–470. color change in treefrog populations (Hyla japonica). Journal of Stegen, J.C., Gienger, C.M., Sun, L. (2004): The control of color Experimental Zoology 321: 108–118. change in the Pacific tree frog, Hyla regilla. Canadian Journal of Frost, D.R. (2018): Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Zoology 82: 889–896. Reference. Version 6.0. Available at: http://research.amnh.org/ Toledo, L.F., Haddad, C.F.B. (2009): Colors and some morphological vz/herpetology/amphibia/. Accessed on 1 April 2018. traits as defensive mechanisms in anurans. International Journal Hoppe, D.M. (1979): The influence of color on behavioral of Zoology 2009: 1–12. thermoregulation and hydroregulation. In: The behavioral significance of color, p. 35–62. Burtt, E.H., Garland, Jr. Ed. New York, STPM Press. King, R.B., King, B. (1991): Sexual differences in color and color change in wood frogs. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 1963– 1968. Accepted by Clarissa Canedo.
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