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Carolina Academic Press Law Casebook Series Advisory Board ❦

Gary J. Simson, Chairman Dean, Case Western Reserve University School of Law Raj Bhala University of Kansas School of Law John C. Coffee, Jr. Columbia University Law School Randall Coyne University of Oklahoma College of Law John S. Dzienkowski University of Texas School of Law Paul Finkelman Albany Law School Robert M. Jarvis Shepard Broad Law Center Nova Southeastern University Vincent R. Johnson St. Mary’s University School of Law Michael A. Olivas University of Houston Law Center Kenneth Port William Mitchell College of Law Michael P. Scharf Case Western Reserve University School of Law Peter M. Shane Michael E. Moritz College of Law The Ohio State University Emily L. Sherwin Cornell Law School John F. Sutton, Jr. Emeritus, University of Texas School of Law David B. Wexler John E. Rogers College of Law University of Arizona 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page iii

Advanced Torts

Cases and Materials

third edition

Peter B Kutner Hugh Roff Professor of Law The University of Oklahoma Osborne M. Reynolds, Jr. Maurice H. Merrill Distinguished Scholar and Professor of Law Emeritus The University of Oklahoma

Carolina Academic Press Durham, North Carolina 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page iv

ISBN 10: 1-59460-297-2 ISBN 13: 978-1-59460-297-9 LCCN: 2006936996

Carolina Academic Press 700 Kent Street Durham, NC 27701 Telephone (919) 489-7486 Fax (919) 493-5668

Printed in the United States of America 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page v

Summary of Contents

Table of Contents vii Table of Cases xiii Preface liii

INTRODUCTION 3

CHAPTER 1. FAMILY RELATIONS 9 Section 1. Injuries to Family Members 9 Section 2. Fatal Injuries to Family Members 52 Section 3. Interference with Family Relationships 80 Section 4. Wrongful Birth 116

CHAPTER 2. ECONOMIC RELATIONS 127 Section 1. Interference with Contractual Relations 127 Section 2. Interference with Prospective Advantage 170 Section 3. Unintentional Interference 219

CHAPTER 3. MARKETPLACE FALSEHOODS 247 Section 1. Injurious Falsehood 247 Section 2. Passing Off (Unfair Competition) 272 Section 3. False Advertising 315

CHAPTER 4. INTANGIBLE ASSETS 319 Section 1. Trade Secrets and Conﬁdential Information 319 Section 2. Literary, Artistic and Commercial Creations 347

CHAPTER 5. PUBLICITY AND PRIVACY 399 Section 1. Appropriation of Name, Likeness or Identity 399 Section 2. Intrusion 436 Section 3. Disclosure of Private Facts 449 Section 4. False Light 483 Section 5. Review 495

CHAPTER 6. DEFAMATION 501 Section 1. Defamatory Communications 501 Section 2. Common Law Defenses 573 Section 3. Constitutional Law 638

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CHAPTER 7. JUDICIAL PROCESS AND CIVIL RIGHTS 699 Section 1. Malicious Prosecution 699 Section 2. Wrongful Civil Proceedings 716 Section 3. Abuse of Process 733 Section 4. Interference with Civil Rights 740

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Table of Contents

Table of Cases xiii Preface liii

INTRODUCTION 3 Leon Green, Basic Concepts: Persons, Property, Relations 3

CHAPTER 1. FAMILY RELATIONS 9 Section 1. Injuries to Family Members 9 A. Spouse 9 Guy v. Livesey 9 Guevin v. Manchester Street Railway 9 Neuberg v. Bobowicz 13 Rodriguez v. Bethlehem Steel Corporation 17 B. Child or Parent 23 Hall v. Hollander 23 Borer v. American Airlines, Inc. 25 Baxter v. Superior Court of Los Angeles County 31 Hibpshman v. Prudhoe Bay Supply, Inc. 32 C. Other Relationships 35 Hendrix v. General Motors Corporation 35 D. Defenses 39 Brennan v. Biber 39 Wright v. Standard Oil Company, Inc. 41 Scott v. Marshall 45 Handeland v. Brown 48 Section 2. Fatal Injuries to Family Members 52 Huggins v. Butcher 52 Baker v. Bolton 52 Woolworths Ltd. v. Crotty 53 Gaydos v. Domabyl 58 Selders v. Armentrout 63 Dubil v. Labate 66 Todd v. Sandidge Construction Company 69 Kelliher v. New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Company 73 Johnson v. Ottomeier 76 Section 3. Interference with Family Relationships 80 Rose v. Kavanagh 80 Carrieri v. Bush 83

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Oakman v. Belden 86 McMillan v. Felsenthal 88 Armstrong v. McDonald 91 Plante v. Engel 93 Politte v. Politte 95 Pyle v. Waechter 98 Magierowski v. Buckley 100 Bearbower v. Merry 105 Taylor v. Keefe 110 Burnette v. Wahl 113 Section 4. Wrongful Birth 116 Speck v. Finegold 116

CHAPTER 2. ECONOMIC RELATIONS 127 Section 1. Interference with Contractual Relations 127 A. Inducing Breach of Contract 127 Lumley v. Gye 127 Glamorgan Coal Company, Ltd. v. South Wales Miners’ Federation 131 Camden Nominees, Ltd. v. Forcey 133 Sweeney v. Smith 138 Wilkinson v. Powe 140 United Truck Leasing Corporation v. Geltman 144 B. Inducing Termination of Contract 148 Terry v. Dairymen’s League Co-operative Association, Inc. 148 Kemp v. Division No. 241, Amalgamated Association of Street & Electric Railway Employés of America 151 Adler, Barish, Daniels, Levin and Creskoff v. Epstein 157 C. Interference with Performance of Contract 161 National Phonograph Company, Ltd. v. Edison-Bell Consolidated Phonograph Company, Ltd. 161 Piedmont Cotton Mills, Inc. v. H.W. Ivey Construction Company, Inc. 163 D.C. Thomson & Company Ltd. v. Deakin 165 Section 2. Interference with Prospective Advantage 170 A. Interference with Business 170 Walker v. Cronin 170 Mogul Steamship Company, Ltd. v. McGregor, Gow, & Company 174 J.F. Parkinson Company v. Building Trades Council of Santa Clara County 180 Dunshee v. Standard Oil Company 187 Clark v. Crown Drug Company 190 K & K Management, Inc. v. Lee 193 Top Service Body Shop, Inc. v. Allstate Insurance Company 198 Pleas v. City of Seattle 200 Speakers of Sport, Inc. v. ProServ, Inc. 205 B. Interference with Other Expectations 209 Harmon v. Harmon 209 Goff v. Harold Ives Trucking Company, Inc. 212 Trautwein v. Harbourt 216 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 11/2/06 7:15 AM Page ix

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Section 3. Unintentional Interference 219 Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company v. New York and New Haven Railroad Company 219 United States v. Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company 220 Berg v. General Motors Corporation 224 Dunlop Tire and Rubber Corporation v. FMC Corporation 229 Beck v. FMC Corporation 231 J’Aire Corporation v. Gregory 232 Pelham v. Griesheimer 239 Stinson v. Physicians Immediate Care, Limited 243

CHAPTER 3. MARKETPLACE FALSEHOODS 247 Section 1. Injurious Falsehood 247 Fen v. Dixe 247 Hatchard v. Mège 247 Young v. Macrae 250 White v. Mellin 251 De Beers Abrasive Products Ltd. v. International General Electric Company of New York Ltd. 254 National Reﬁning Company v. Benzo Gas Motor Fuel Company 259 Annbar Associates v. American Express Company 263 Granada Biosciences, Inc. v. Forbes, Inc. 266 Teilhaber Manufacturing Company v. Unarco Materials Storage 269 Section 2. Passing Off (Unfair Competition) 272 A. Products 273 Fischer v. Blank 273 Havana Cigar and Tobacco Factories, Ltd. v. Oddenino 277 Kellogg Company v. National Biscuit Company 282 B. Business Names 287 Zimmerman v. B. & C. Motel Corporation 287 Saskatoon Star Phoenix Group Inc. v. Noton 291 Zimmerman v. Holiday Inns of America, Inc. 293 Oklahoma District Council of the Assemblies of God of the State of Oklahoma, Inc. v. New Hope Assembly of God Church of Norman, Oklahoma, Inc. 297 C. Non-competitors 300 Philadelphia Storage Battery Company v. Mindlin 300 Cue Publishing Company, Inc. v. Colgate-Palmolive Company 304 Wyatt Earp Enterprises, Inc. v. Sackman, Inc. 310 Section 3. False Advertising 315 Mosler Safe Company v. Ely-Norris Safe Company 315

CHAPTER 4. INTANGIBLE ASSETS 319 Section 1. Trade Secrets and Conﬁdential Information 319 Wilson Certiﬁed Foods, Inc. v. Fairbury Food Products, Inc. 319 Aetna Building Maintenance Company, Inc. v. West 324 Bayer Corporation v. Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. 329 Forest Laboratories, Inc. v. Formulations, Inc., Forest Laboratories, Inc. v. Pillsbury Company 332 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 11/2/06 7:15 AM Page x

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Djowharzadeh v. City National Bank and Trust Company of Norman 339 E.I. duPont deNemours & Company, Inc. v. Christopher 343 Section 2. Literary, Artistic and Commercial Creations 347 A. Common Law Copyright 347 Palmer v. De Witt 347 National Institute, Inc., for the Improvement of Memory v. Nutt 351 B. Misappropriation 355 International News Service v. Associated Press 355 Cheney Brothers v. Doris Silk Corporation 364 Intermountain Broadcasting & Television Corporation v. Idaho Microwave, Inc. 368 C. Characters and Characterizations 373 Booth v. Colgate-Palmolive Company 373 Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. v. DeCosta 378 Lone Ranger, Inc. v. Cox 382 D. Ideas 385 Educational Sales Programs, Inc. v. Dreyfus Corporation 385 Hamilton National Bank v. Belt 388 Richter v. Westab, Inc. 392

CHAPTER 5. PUBLICITY AND PRIVACY 399 Section 1. Appropriation of Name, Likeness or Identity 399 Hinish v. Meier & Frank Company, Inc. 399 Minniﬁeld v. Ashcraft 405 O’Brien v. Pabst Sales Company 410 Uhlaender v. Henricksen 412 Carson v. Here’s Johnny Portable Toilets, Inc. 417 Memphis Development Foundation v. Factors Etc., Inc. 420 Hicks v. Casablanca Records 425 Groucho Marx Productions, Inc. v. Day and Night Company, Inc. 431 Section 2. Intrusion 436 Nader v. General Motors Corporation 436 Froelich v. Werbin 441 Medical Laboratory Management Consultants v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. 443 Section 3. Disclosure of Private Facts 449 A. Publication of Private Facts 449 Meetze v. Associated Press 449 Gilbert v. Medical Economics Company 453 The Florida Star v. B.J.F. 459 Diaz v. Oakland Tribune, Inc. 466 Norris v. King 469 B. Disclosure Without Publicity 473 Swinton Creek Nursery v. Edisto Farm Credit, ACA 473 McCormick v. England 476 Section 4. False Light 483 Leverton v. Curtis Publishing Company 483 Uhl v. Columbia Broadcasting Systems, Inc. 486 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 11/2/06 7:15 AM Page xi

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Cain v. Hearst Corporation 491 Section 5. Review 495 Anderson v. Fisher Broadcasting Companies, Inc. 495

CHAPTER 6. DEFAMATION 501 Section 1. Defamatory Communications 501 A. Defamatory Meanings 501 Denny v. Mertz 501 Hepburn v. TCN Channel Nine Pty. Ltd. 507 Burton v. Crowell Publishing Company 511 Derbyshire County Council v. Times Newspapers Ltd. 515 Cassidy v. Daily Mirror Newspapers, Ltd. 523 B. Reference to Plaintiff 530 Giaimo v. Literary Guild 530 Helmicks v. Stevlingson 531 Bindrim v. Mitchell 534 Arcand v. Evening Call Publishing Company 540 C. Libel and Slander 544 Matherson v. Marchello 544 Gunsberg v. Roseland Corporation 550 D. Publication 553 Hedgpeth v. Coleman 553 Vermaak v. Van der Merwe 558 Vizetelly v. Mudie’s Select Library, Ltd. 561 Lunney v. Prodigy Services Company 564 Traditional Cat Association, Inc. v. Gilbreath 569 Section 2. Common Law Defenses 573 A. Truth 573 Shihab v. Express-News Corporation 573 Crane v. New York World Telegram Corporation 580 B. Absolute Privileges 584 Mills v. Denny 584 Adams v. Peck 589 Stukuls v. State 593 Luttrell v. United Telephone System, Inc. 598 C. Qualiﬁed Privileges 600 Flanagan v. McLane 600 Sindorf v. Jacron Sales Company, Inc. 604 Shenkman v. O’Malley 614 Benassi v. Georgia-Paciﬁc 619 Green Acres Trust v. London 625 London Artists Ltd. v. Littler 631 Section 3. Constitutional Law 638 Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. 638 Stone v. Essex County Newspapers, Inc. 649 Wolston v. Reader’s Digest Association, Inc. 658 Clyburn v. New World Communications, Inc. 663 Kahn v. Bower 670 Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc. 675 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 11/2/06 7:15 AM Page xii

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Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. v. Hepps 683 Barry v. Time, Inc. 687 Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Company 692

CHAPTER 7. JUDICIAL PROCESS AND CIVIL RIGHTS 699 Section 1. Malicious Prosecution 699 Halberstadt v. New York Life Insurance Company 699 Fusario v. Cavallaro 704 Gustafson v. Payless Drug Stores Northwest, Inc. 706 Royal Oil Company, Inc. v. Wells 713 Section 2. Wrongful Civil Proceedings 716 Myhre v. Hessey 716 Melvin v. Pence 721 Berlin v. Nathan 725 Section 3. Abuse of Process 733 Ellis v. Wellons 733 Hauser v. Bartow 736 Section 4. Interference with Civil Rights 740 Ashby v. White 740 Nevin v. Pullman Palace Car Company 745 Bhadauria v. Board of Governors of Seneca College of Applied Arts and Technology 747 Davis v. Passman 751

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Table of Cases

66 Federal Credit Union v. Tucker, 72 Adler v. American Standard Corp., 696 532 Madison Avenue Gourmet Foods, Adler, Barish, Daniels, Levin and Creskoff Inc. v. Finlandia Center, 238 v. Epstein, 157, 159 1621, Inc. v. Wilson, 186 Admiralty Commissioners v. S.S. 2314 Lincoln Park West Condominium Amerika, 11 Association v. Mann, Gin, Ebel & Fra- Adolph Coors Co. v. A. Genderson & zier, Ltd., 227 Sons, Inc., 281 Advance Music Corp. v. American To- A & B-Abell Elevator Co., Inc. v. Colum- bacco Co., 271 bus/Central Ohio Building & Con- Aetna Building Maintenance Co., Inc. v. struction Trades Council, 208, 603 West, 324 A.C. Excavating v. Yacht Club II Home- Aetna Casualty and Surety Co. v. Curley, owners Association, Inc., 227 79 A.J. Decoster Co. v. Westinghouse Elec- Afro-American Publishing Co. v. Jaffe, tric Corp., 235 637 A.R. Moyer, Inc. v. Graham, 236 Aikens v. Debow, 234 A.S. Abell Co. v. Kirby, 636, 637 Aikens v. Wisconsin, 203 A.S. Beck Shoe Corp. v. Johnson, 185 Airlines Schedule Information Service, A.S. Rampell, Inc. v. Hyster Co., 157 Inc. v. Eastern Air Lines, Inc., 391 AAFCO Heating and Air Conditioning Ajello v. Worsley, 250 Co.v.Northwest Publications, Inc., Albee Homes, Inc. v. Caddie Homes, 681 Inc., 160 Aalfo Co. v. Kinney, 151, 164 Alberta Union of Provincial Employees v. Aas v. Superior Court, 227 Edmonton Sun, 543 Abbott v. United Venture Capital, Inc., Alberts v. Devine, 480 732 Albrecht v. Burkholder, 543 Acchione v. Acchione, 88 Albright v. Morton, 509 Acme Circus Operating Co., Inc. v. Ku- Ales-Peratis Foods International, Inc. v. perstock, 424 American Can Co., 237 ACT, Inc. v. Sylvan Learning Systems, Alfone v. Sarno, 75 Inc., 151 Alfred Bell & Co. v. Catalda Fine Arts, Acuson Corp. v. Aloka Co., Ltd., 346 355 Ad-Lib Club Ltd. v. Granville, 296 Alice D. v. William M., 124 Adam v. Alan, 611 All v. John Gerber Co., 12 Adams v. Carrier, 88 Alleman v. Vermilion Publishing Corp., Adams v. Peck, 589 636 Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. v. Allen v. Hall, 211 Brown, 363 Allen v. National Video, Inc., 404

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Allied Financial Services, Inc. v. Easley, Animal Liberation (Vic). Inc. v. Gasser, 242 173 Allied Maintenance Corp. v. Allied Me- Ann-Margret v. High Society Magazine, chanical Trades, Inc., 307 Inc., 430 Allison v. Vintage Sports Plaques, 415 Annbar Associates v. American Express Alpine Construction Co. v. Demaris, 681 Co., 263, 268, 271 Amadio v. Levin, 72 Anonsen v. Donahue, 453 Amatrudi v. Watson, 139 Anonymous v. CVS Corp., 481 American Bank & Trust Co. v. Federal Antonelli v. Xenakis, 90 Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Georgia, 185, Appleby v. Daily Hampshire Gazette, 656 190 Applewhite v. Memphis State University, American Credit Indemnity Co. v. Sacks, 572 328 Applied Industrial Materials Corp. v. American Cyanamid Co. v. Elizabeth Brantjes, 327 Arden Sales Corp., 136 April v. Reﬂector-Herald, Inc., 691 American Dairy Queen Corp. v. New Aranson v. Schroeder, 720 Line Productions, Inc., 307 Arcand v. Evening Call Publishing Co., 540 American District Telegraph Co. v. Archer v. Archer, 87 Brink’s, Inc., 629 Arctic Co., Ltd. v. Loudoun Times Mir- American Express Co. v. Vibra Approved ror, 673 Laboratories Corp., 304 Argus Printing and Publishing Co. Ltd. American Family Life Insurance Co. v. v. Inkatha Freedom Party, 522 Hagan, 304 Armstrong v. H & C Communications, American Home Assurance Co. v. Brett Inc., 465 Pontiac Buick GMC Ltd., 732 Armstrong v. McDonald, 91 American Mercury, Inc. v. Chase, 186 Armstrong v. Morgan, 245 American Surety Co. v. Schottenbauer, Arnold v. Producers’ Oil Co., 250 157 Aronson v. Quick Point Pencil Co., 397 American Television and Communica- Arritt v. Fisher, 47 tions Corp. v. Manning, 371 Arrow Electronics, Inc. v. Stouffer Corp., American Washboard Co. v. Saginaw 62 Manufacturing Co., 316 Asevado v. Orr, 720 Amos v. Atlanta Railway Co., 25 Ash v. Cohn, 735 Amrak Productions, Inc. v. Morton, 509 Ashby v. Stevenson, 91 Anderson v. Aupperle, 39 Ashby v. White, 740, 743, 744, 750 Anderson v. Church of Scientology Inc., Ashley v. Harrison, 192 522 Aspell v. American Contract Bridge Anderson v. Creighton, 757 League of Memphis, Tennessee, 218 Anderson v. Fisher Broadcasting Compa- Asprey and Garrard Ltd. v. WRA (Guns) nies, Inc., 495 Ltd., 297 Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 654 Associated Press v. KVOS, Inc., 361 Anderson v. New York Telephone Co., 567 Associated Press v. Walker, 654, 657 Anderson Plasterers v. Meinecke, 223 Atkinson v. John E. Doherty & Co., 404 Andrew v. Deshler, 249 Atlanta Journal-Constitution v. Jewell, Angel v. Ward, 672 669 Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. Balducci Publi- Atlanta Obstetrics & Gynecology Group cations, 303 v. Abelson, 125 Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. Florists Associa- Atlas Manufacturing Co. v. Street & tion of Greater Cleveland, Inc., 309 Smith, 384 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xv

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Attorney-General v. Guardian Newspa- Barr v. Matteo, 596 pers Ltd., 337 Barr v. Southern Bell Telephone and Attorney-General v. Jonathan Cape Ltd., Telegraph Co., 485 342 Barrett v. Barrett, 529 Attorney-General v. Wilson and Horton Barrows v. Rozansky, 408 Ltd., 224 Barry v. Time, Inc., 687 Attorney-General for New South Wales v. Bartanus v. Lis, 100, 113 Perpetual Trustee Co. (Ltd.), 164, 223 Bartholomew v. Workman, 405 Attorney General for Ontario v. Fatehi, Bartholomew County Beverage Co., Inc. 238 v. Barco Beverage Corp., Inc., 190 Auburn Draying Co. v. Wardell, 184 Bartnicki v. Vopper, 337, 482 Aunt Jemima Mills Co. v. Rigney & Co., Barton v. Woodward, 720 302 Bass v. Matthews, 614 Auvil v. CBS “60 Minutes,” 258 Baumann v. Baumann, 405 Avon Periodicals, Inc. v. Ziff-Davis Pub- Baxt v. Liloia, 731 lishing Co., 277 Baxter v. Brown, 720 Ayala v. Joy Manufacturing Co., 57 Baxter v. Superior Court of Los Angeles Azzolino v. Dingfelder, 125, 126 County, 31, 100 Bay View Packing Co. v. Taff, 669 B.C. Ziegler and Co. v. Ehren, 336 Bayer v. Ralston Purina Co., 420 Babb v. Matlock, 62 Bayer Co. v. United Drug Co., 286 Bailey v. Century Finance Co., 715 Bayer Corp. v. Roche Molecular Systems, Bajpayee v. Rothermich, 364 Inc., 329 Baker v. Bolton, 11, 52, 57 Bear v. Reformed Mennonite Church, 88, Baker v. Libbie, 349 218 Balboa Insurance Co. v. Trans Global Eq- Bear Foot, Inc. v. Chandler, 425 uities, 347 Bearbower v. Merry, 90, 105, 110 Balden v. Shorter, 265, 271 Beard v. Akzona, Inc., 475 Ballard v. Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Beardsley v. Kilmer, 189 Co., 12 Beauchamp v. Kemmeter, 241 Ballew v. Thompson, 614 Beaudette v. Gagne, 103 Ballina Shire Council v. Ringland, 522 Beauharnais v. Illinois, 544 Ballinger v. Democrat Co., 628 Beaumont v. Brown, 475 Balsiger v. American Steel & Supply Co., Beck v. FMC Corp., 231, 235 719 Becker v. Schwartz, 124 Baltimore Orioles, Inc. v. Major League Beeching v. Levee, 673 Baseball Players Association, 373 Beggarly v. Craft, 576 Bamberger v. Citizens’ Street Railroad Belcher v. Goins, 34 Co., 45 Belcher v. Little, 250, 557 Bamberger v. Newspapers Ltd., 637 Bell v. Associated Press, 666 Bank of Lyons v. Schultz, 719 Bell v. May Department Stores Co., 209 Bank of Tomah v. Warren, 296 Bellefontaine Railway Co. v. Snyder, 45 Banks v. Globe and Mail Ltd., 612 Belli v. Roberts Brothers Furs, 572 Barbara A. v. John G., 124 Ben Ezra, Weinstein, and Co., Inc. v. Barbieri v. News-Journal Co., 458 America Online Inc., 568 Barcelo v. Elliott, 240 Ben-Oliel v. Press Publishing Co., 530 Barker v. Waltz, 715 Benassi v. Georgia-Paciﬁc, 619 Barnes v. Clayton House Motel, 557 Bender v. Peay, 13 Barquin v. Hall Oil Co., 250, 270 Bendix Corp. v. Adams, 143 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xvi

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Benjamin T. Crump Co., Inc. v. J.L. Bitsie v. Walston, 410 Lindsay, Inc., 362 Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents, Bennett v. Bennett, 97 756 Benson v. Robinson & Co. (Pty.) Ltd., Black v. Ehrich, 367 630 Blagg v. Fred Hunt Co., Inc., 227 Bents Brewery Co., Ltd. v. Hogan, 341 Blair v. Walker, 597 Bereman v. Power Publishing Co., 614, Blake v. Cruz, 125 623 Blake v. Midland Railway Co., 65 Berg v. General Motors Corp., 224, 226, Bland v. Hill, 110 227 Bland v. Verser, 577, 697 Berg v. Printers’ Ink Publishing Co., Inc., Blankenship v. Staton, 733 637 Blaser v. Krattiger, 543 Berger v. Weber, 34, 35 Blatty v. New York Times Co., 208, 258, Bergman v. Hupy, 604 268 Berkoff v. Burchill, 514 Blaustein v. Burton, 391 Berlin v. Nathan, 242, 719, 725 Blisscraft of Hollywood v. United Plastics Berlin Democratic Club v. Rumsfeld, 756 Co., 286 Berry v. British Transport Commission, Bloss v. Dr. C.R. Woodson Sanitarium 702 Co., 57 Berry v. Moench, 612 Blue Ridge Bank v. Veribanc, Inc., 669 Berschauer/Phillips Construction Co. v. Blumenthal v. Drudge, 568 Seattle School District, 237 Blunk v. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Bertero v. National General Corp., 719 Railroad Co., 710 Best v. Samuel Fox & Co. Ltd., 17 Board of Education v. Farmingdale Betancourt v. Whittle, 686 Classroom Teachers’ Association, 740 Beverly Hills Foodland, Inc. v. United Board of Trade of City of Chicago v. Food and Commercial Workers Dow Jones & Co., Inc., 363 Union, Local 655, 208 Bob Godfrey Pontiac, Inc., v. Roloff, 731 Bhadauria v. Board of Governors of Bochnowski v. Peoples Federal Savings & Seneca College of Applied Arts and Loan Association, 150 Technology, 747, 750 Bock v. Plainﬁeld Courier-News, 628 Bi-Rite Enterprises, Inc. v. Button Mas- Bocre Leasing Corp. v. General Motors ter, 314, 420 Corp.(Allison Gas Turbine Division), Biakanja v. Irving, 240 228 Biddle v. Warren General Hospital, 480 Bodah v. Lakeville Motor Express, Inc., Biederman’s of Springﬁeld, Inc. v. 475 Wright, 472, 476 Boers v. Payline Systems, Inc., 138 Bienvenu v. Angelle, 672 Bohn Manufacturing Co. v. Hollis, 184 Billet v. Times-Democrat Publishing Co., Bolam v. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 675 629 Boley v. Knowles, 24 Bilney v. Evening Star Newspaper Co., Bolger v. Danley Lumber Co., Inc., 135 468 Bolster v. Cleland, 715 Bindrim v. Mitchell, 534, 655 Bonbrest v. Kotz, 71 Binette v. Sabo, 756 Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Birmingham Southern Railway Co. v. Boats, Inc., 287, 346, 367 Lintner, 12 Bonner v. Boyd, 532 Birnbaum v. United States, 448 Bookbinder v. Tebbit, 577 Bisbee v. John C. Conover Agency, Inc., Boone v. Mullendore, 123 408 Boor v. Lowery, 56 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xvii

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Booth v. Colgate-Palmolive Co., 373, 419 Brinkley v. Fishbein, 636 Borden, Inc. v. Wallace, 600 Briscoe v. Reader’s Digest Association, Borer v. American Airlines, Inc., 25, 100 458, 465 Borg v. Tribune Publishing Co., 630 Bristol Conservatories Ltd. v. Conserva- Boring v. Miller, 25 tories Custom Built Ltd., 318, 364 Borley v. Allison, 618 British Diabetic Association v. Diabetic Borse v. Piece Goods Shop, Inc., 745 Society Ltd., 299 Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of British Industrial Plastics, Ltd. v. Fergu- United States, Inc., 257, 268 son, 136 Bosley v. Wildwett.com, 430 British Medical Association v. Marsh, Boston Glass Manufactory v. Binney, 130 303 Boston Shoe Shop v. McBroom Shoe Brokerage Concepts, Inc. v. U.S. Health- Shop, 276 care, Inc., 207 Bouchard v. Sundberg, 113 Bromage v. Prosser, 527 Boucher v. Dixie Medical Center, 34 Bromond v. Holt, 705 Bowe v. Palm Beach Newspapers, Inc., Brooks v. American Broadcasting Com- 576 panies, Inc., 409 Bowen v. Hall, 130 Broughton v. State, 701 Bowen v. Kil-Kare, Inc., 47 Brown v. Ames, 435 Bowen v. Yankee Network, Inc., 350, 390 Brown v. Dayton Hudson Corp., 706 Boyd v. Travelers Insurance Co., 243 Brown v. First National Bank of Mason Boylston Housing Corp. v. O’Toole, 156 City, 610 Bradesku v. Antion, 88 Brown v. Jacobs Pharmacy Co., 179 Bradshaw v. State Farm Mutual Insur- Brown v. Kelly Broadcasting Co., 612 ance Co., 720 Brown v. Metzger, 22 Brady v. Ottaway Newspapers, 543 Brown v. State, 756 Brahan v. Meridian Light & Railway Co., Brown v. State Farm Fire and Casualty 12 Co., 245 Brandon v. Gazette Publishing Co., 629 Brown v. Western Farmers Association, Bratt v. International Business Machines 227 Corp., 622 Brown Mackie College v. Graham, 136 Braun v. Armour & Co., 249, 509 Browne v. Blick, 56 Braun v. Flynt, 489, 579, 667 Browne v. Prudden-Winslow Co., 610 Braun v. Riel, 57 Browning v. Jones, 90 Brayton v. Crowell-Collier Publishing Browning-Ferris Industries, Inc. v. Lieck, Co., 521 710 Breece v. Jett, 104 Bruno & Stillman, Inc. v. Globe Newspa- Breining v. Lippincott, 103 per Co., 669 Bremmer v. Journal-Tribune Publishing Brunson Communications, Inc. v. Arbi- Co., 465 tron, Inc., 257, 271 Brennan v. Biber, 39 BRW, Inc. v. Dufﬁcy & Sons, Inc., 237 Brent Walker Group Plc. v. Time Out Bryan v. Maloney, 227 Ltd., 635 Bryson v. Tillinghast, 480 Brents v. Morgan, 472 Buchanan v. Jennings, 588 Bretz v. Mayer, 557 Buckley v. Fitzsimmons, 706 Brewer v. Chase, 618 Bufalino v. Associated Press, 577, 674 Brewer v. Memphis Publishing Co., Inc., Bull v. Collins, 543 675 Buller v. Pulitzer Publishing Co., 452 Brimelow v. Casson, 137 Bulloch v. United States, 38 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xviii

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Bunder v. Mains, 25 Caesars World, Inc. v. Caesar’s Palace, Burge v. Haycock, 299 302, 307 Burger v. Pond, 241 Cain v. Hearst Corp., 491, 494 Burgess v. Florence Nightingale Hospital Calbillo v. Cavender Oldsmobile, Inc., for Gentlewomen, 12, 62 245 Burgess v. M/V Tamano, 237 California Fruit Canners’ Association v. Burke & Thomas, Inc. v. International Myer, 317 Organization of Masters, Mates & Pi- Callies v. Reliance Laundry Co., 51 lots, West Coast and Paciﬁc Region Caltex Oil (Australia) Pty. Ltd. v. The Inland Division, Branch 6, 197 Dredge “Willemstad,” 236 Burnet v. Wells, 262 Camden Nominees, Ltd. v. Forcey, 133, Burnett v. National Enquirer, Inc., 658 137, 143 Burnette v. Wahl, 113 Campbell v. Cochrane, 618 Burns v. Edman, 79 Campbell v. New York Evening Post, Inc., Burns v. National Bank of New Zealand 629 Ltd., 215 Campbell v. Spottiswoode, 637 Burns v. Times Argus Association, Inc., Canada Cement LaFarge Ltd. v. British 691 Columbia Lightweight Aggregate Ltd., Burns Jackson Miller Summit & Spitzer 197 v. Linder, 192 Canada Safeway Ltd. v. Manitoba Food Burrascano v. Levi, 272, 510 & Commercial Workers, Local 832, Burton v. Crowell Publishing Co., 511, 303 514, 539 Canadian National Railway Co. v. Norsk Burton v. Mattson, 612 Paciﬁc Steamship Co. Ltd., 236 Busby v. First Christian Church, 556 Canadian Shredded Wheat Co. Ltd. v. Bush v. Lucas, 757 Kellogg Co. ofCanada Ltd., 285 Butcher v. Superior Court, 38 Candlewood Navigation Corp. Ltd. v. Butz v. Economou, 757 Mitsui O.S.K. Lines Ltd., 238 Buxborn v. Smith, 196 Canessa v. J.I. Kislak, Inc., 408, 410 Byrd v. Byrd, 56 Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing Co., Byrd v. English, 234, 236 490, 656 Byrd v. Hustler Magazine, Inc., 489, 514 Capan v. Daugherty, 697 Byrd v. Matthews, 47 Cape Publications, Inc. v. Bridges, 458 Byrd v. Wesley Medical Center, 123 Capital Films Corp. v. Charles Fries Pro- Byrd’s Lawn & Landscaping, Inc. v. ductions, Inc., 364 Smith, 341 Capitol Records, Inc. v. Erickson, 373 Byrn v. New York City Health & Hospi- Capitol Records, Inc. v. Naxos of Amer- tals Corp., 72 ica, Inc., 353 Byrne v. Deane, 510, 568 Cappiello, Hofman & Katz v. Boyle, 150 Carafano v. Metrosplash.com, Inc., 468, C.A.M. v. R.A.W., 124 667 C. C. & J., Inc. v. Hagood, 735 Carbaugh v. Peat, 711 C.R. Bard, Inc. v. Wordtronics Corp., Cardiff v. Brooklyn Eagle, Inc., 514 208 Cardillo v. Doubleday & Co., Inc., 583 Cable Vision, Inc. v. KUTV, Inc., 169, Cardtoons, L.C. v. Major League Baseball 371 Players Association, 434 Cadbury Ltd. v. Ulmer GmbH, 280 Carey v. Sheets, 703 Cadbury-Schweppes Pty. Ltd. v. Pub Carlisle v. Fawcett Publications, Inc., 468 Squash Co. Pty. Ltd., 276, 363 Carlson v. Green, 756, 757 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xix

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Carney v. Santa Cruz Women Against Chaplin v. Amador, 349, 377 Rape, 681 Chaplin v. National Broadcasting Co., Caron v. Bangor Publishing Co., 696 Inc., 439 Carr v. City of New Orleans, 481 Chappell v. Wallace, 757 Carr v. Watkins, 476, 597 Charles S. Cash, Inc. v. Steinbook, 276 Carradine v. State, 597 Chase v. Daily Record, Inc., 656 Carrieri v. Bush, 83, 87 Chasewood Construction Co. v. Rico, 557 Carroll v. Alberts, 480 Chastain v. Sundquist, 588 Carson v. Allied News Co., 667 Chauncey v. Niems, 724 Carson v. Here’s Johnny Portable Toilets, Cheatum v. Wehle, 597 Inc., 417 Chelsea Moving & Trucking Co. v. Ross Carson v. National Bank of Commerce Tow boat Co., 223 Trust and Savings, 415 Chemical Corp. of America v. Anheuser- Carter v. King, 542 Busch, Inc., 309, 363 Carter v. Knapp Motor Co., 263 Cheney Brothers v. Doris Silk Corp., 364 Carter v. Willert Home Products, Inc., Cheng v. Tse Wai Chun, 638 656 Cher v. Forum International, Ltd., 415 Caruso v. Local Union No. 690 of Inter- Cherberg v. People National Bank of national Brotherhood of Teamsters, Washington, 196 Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Cherneskey v. Armadale Publishers Ltd., Helpers of America, 185 638 Casa Clara Condominium Association, Cherry v. Des Moines Leader, 638 Inc. v. Charley Toppino and Sons, Chic Magazine, Inc. v. Braun, 489, 579 Inc., 227 Chicago, Rock Island & Paciﬁc Railway Casas v. Maulhardt Buick, Inc., 45 Co. v.Medley, 510 Casey v. Automobile Renault Canada, Children’s Television Workshop, Inc. v. Ltd., 701 Woolworths, 313 Cass v. New Orleans Times, 627 Chizmar v. Mackie, 12, 480 Cassano v. Durham, 68 Choynski v. Cohen, 290 Cassidy v. Daily Mirror Newspapers, Ltd., Chrispen v. Novak, 612 523, 527 Christian v. Lapidus, 732 Cataphote Corp. v. Hudson, 323 Christian Dior, S.A.R.L. v. Miss Dior of Cate v. Oldham, 725 Flatbush, Inc., 307 Cattle v. Stockton Waterworks Co., 234 Christian Science Board of Directors of Cauverien v. De Metz, 79 First Church of Christ, Scientist v. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center v. Superior Evans, 299 Court, 215 Christopher M’s Hand Poured Fudge, Cerasani v. Sony Corp., 583 Inc. v. Hennon, 332 Cerrito v. Time, Inc., 675 Church of Scientology International v. Chafﬁn v. Lynch, 618 Eli Lilly & Co., 696 Chameleon Engineering Corp. v. Air Dy- Church of Scientology of California v. namics, Inc., 236 Flynn, 579 Champion Spark Plug Co. v. Sanders, Church of Scientology of California v. 281 Siegelman, 522 Champion Well Service, Inc. v. NL In- Churchey v. Adolph Coors Co., 557 dustries, 236 Chuy v. Philadelphia Eagles Football Chapadeau v. Utica Observer-Dispatch, Club, 506 Inc., 658 Cianci v. New Times Publishing Co., 686, Chapham v. Yanga, 123 691 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xx

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Ciba-Geigy Canada Ltd. v. Apotex Inc., Coleman v. Gulf Insurance Group, 720, 286 739 Ciba-Geigy Corp. v. Bolar Pharmaceuti- Coleman v. Newark Morning Ledger Co., cal Co., Inc., 280 629 Cibenko v. Worth Publishers, Inc., 488 Coliniatis v. Dimas, 674 Cincinnati Arts Association v. Jones, 137 Collateral Protection Insurance Services City and County of San Francisco v. v. Balboa Insurance Co., 347 United Association of Journeymen Collatz v. Fox Wisconsin Amusement and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Corp., 212 Pipeﬁtting Industry of the United Collectibles, Inc. v. Brown, 435 States and Canada, 192 College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid City of Bridgeton v. B.P. Oil, Inc., 238 Postsecondary Education Expense City of Chicago v. Tribune Co., 522 Board, 522 City of Flagstaff v. Atchison, Topeka and Collin v. Smith, 544 Santa Fe Railway Co., 238 Collins v. City National Bank & Trust City of Long Beach v. Bozek, 725 Co.ofDanbury, 705 City of Prince George v. British Colum- Collins v. Cox Enterprises, Inc., 695 bia Television System, 522 Collins v. Hall, 74 Clare v. Farrell, 538 Collins v. New York City Health and Clark v. Crown Drug Co., 190, 204 Hospitals Corp., 79 Clark v. Hill, 16 Collis v. Hoskins, 25 Clark v. McGee, 597 Colquhoun v. Webber, 271 Clark v. Orr, 88 Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Clawson v. Longview Publishing Co., 672 Custom Recording Co., 373 Clem v. Brown, 16 Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Clevenger v. Baker Voorhis & Co., 530 DeCosta, 378 Cluck v. Cluck, 87 Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Clyburn v. New World Communications, Documentaries Unlimited, Inc., 350, Inc., 663 373 Coalgate Abstract Co. v. Coal County Comedy III Productions, Inc. v. Gary Abstract Co., 289 Saderup, Inc., 430, 435 Coates v. Newhall Land & Farming, Inc., Comes v. Cruce, 542 78 Commissioner for Railways (New South Cobbs v. Chicago Defender, 578 Wales) v. Scott, 223 Coca-Cola Co. v. Dorris, 280 Commonwealth v. Wiseman, 458 Coca-Cola Co. v. Gemini Rising, Inc., Compco Corp. v. Day-Brite Lighting, 304 Inc., 286, 287, 367, 397 Cochran v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 612 Computer Aid, Inc. v. Hewlett-Packard Cockrell v. Davis, 297 Co., 669 Coco v. A.N. Clark (Engineers) Ltd., 342 ConAgra Inc. v. McCain Foods (Aust.) Cohen v. Cowles Media Co., 482 Pty. Ltd., 296 Cohen v. Herbal Concepts, Inc., 420 Conklin v. Sloss, 465 Cohen v. Marx, 469 Conmar Products Corp. v. Universal Cohn v. Am-Law, 522 Slide Fastener Co., 338 Cohn v. Brecher, 543 Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Cohn v. Saidel, 720 New York and New Haven Railroad Colbert v. World Publishing Co., 490, Co., 219 494 Connelly v. McKay, 272, 510 Cole v. Neaf, 721 Conrad v. Roberts, 599 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xxi

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Conradt v. Four Star Promotions, Inc., 47 Cult Awareness Network v. Church of Consumers Distributing Co. Ltd. v. Seiko Scientology International, 732 Time Canada Ltd., 281 Cumberland Glass Manufacturing Co. v. Consumers Union of United States, Inc. De Witt, 139 v. Hobart Manufacturing Co., 363 Cunetto House of Pasta v. Tuma, 297 Cook v. Gust, 613 Cunningham v. Edward, 211 Cooper v. Portland General Electric Curlender v. Bio-Science Laboratories, Corp., 681 125, 126 Correctional Services Corp. v. Malesko, Curran v. Young, 51 757 Current Audio, Inc. v. RCA Corp., 373 Corrigan v. Bobbs-Merrill Co., 538 Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts, 268, 269, Cosgrove Studio and Camera Shop, Inc., 654, 657 v. Pane, 533 Curtiss-Wright Corp. v. Edel-Brown Tool Cosner v. Ridinger, 97 & Die Co., Inc., 338 Coulson v. Rapport Uitgewers (Edms.) Cuthrell v. Zayre of Virginia, Inc., 702 Bpk., 507 Cweklinsky v. Mobil Chemical Co., 558 Council of Co-Owners Atlantis Condo- minium, Inc. v. Whiting-Turner Con- D.C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. v. Deakin, 165 tracting Co., 227 D’Andrea v. Saﬂa-Demetrious, 403 County of San Luis Obispo v. Abalone Daanen & Janssen, Inc. v. Cedarapids, Alliance, 238 Inc., 228 Coursey v. Greater Niles Township Pub- Dagley v. Armstrong Rubber Co., 57 lishing Corp., 673 Daily Times Democrat v. Graham, 452 Cowan v. Gamble, 702 Dale v. Grant, 164 Cowan v. Time Inc., 505 Dale System, Inc. v. Time, Inc., 272 Cowe v. Forum Group, 126 Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders, Inc. v. Cox v. Hatch, 404 Pussycat Cinema, Ltd., 308 Cox v. Stretton, 125 Dameron v. Washington Magazine, Inc., Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn, 465 666 Cox Enterprises, Inc. v. Carroll Dane v. M. & H. Co., 350 City/County Hospital Authority, 522 Dano v. Royal Globe Insurance Co., Cox Enterprises, Inc. v. Gilreath, 572 618 Crane v. New York World Telegram Corp., Darcy v. Allen, 179 580 Darmour Productions Corp. v. Herbert Crawford and Co. v. Graves, 624 M. Baruch Corp., 223 Creek v. Laski, 211 Dattner v. Pokoik, 672 Creel v. I.C.E. & Associates, Inc., 441 David B. Findlay, Inc. v. Findlay, 297 Creelman v. Svenning, 715 Davies v. Powell Duffryn Associated Col- Crellin v. Thomas, 577 lieries, Ltd., 61 Crenshaw v. McMinds, 62 Davis v. Duncan, 636 Crockett v. United States Fidelity & Davis v. Macon Telegraph Publishing Guaranty Co., 66 Co., 533 Cromarty v. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 266 Davis v. Passman, 751, 756 Crump v. Beckley Newspapers, Inc., 490 Davis v. R.K.O. Radio Pictures, Inc., Cudahy Co. v. American Laboratories, 529 Inc., 328 Davis v. The Tennessean, 583 Cue Publishing Co., Inc. v. Colgate-Palmo- Davis v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 215 live Co., 304 DC Comics Inc. v. Unlimited Monkey Cullen v. Grove Press, Inc., 457 Business, Inc., 384 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xxii

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De Beers Abrasive Products Ltd. v. Inter- Dial Corp. v. Manghnani Investment national General Electric Co. of New Corp., 281 York Ltd., 254, 271 Dial-a-Mattress Franchise Corp. v. Page, De Sando v. New York Herald Co., 534 290 De Van Rose v. Tholborn, 611 Diamond v. Diamond, 91 Deaille v. General Telephone Co. of Cali- Diapulse Corp. of America v. Birtcher fornia, 614 Corp., 262 Dean v. County of Brazoria, Texas, 757 Diaz v. Oakland Tribune, Inc., 466 Dean v. Gladney, 757 DiBelardino v. Lemmon Pharmacal Co., Deaton v. Delta Democrat Publishing 57 Co., 456 Dickey v. CBS Inc., 691 DeCarlo v. Sullivan, 138 Dicks v. Brooks, 249 Decker v. Princeton Packet, Inc., 514 Dickson v. Roy’s Midway Transport Ltd., DeCosta v. Columbia Broadcasting Sys- 68 tem, Inc., 381 Diesen v. Hessburg, 687 DeCosta v. Viacom International, Inc., Dietemann v. Time, Inc., 447 381 Diminnie v. United States, 705 Della Penna v. Toyota Motor Sales, Dimmey v. Wheeling & Elm Grove Rail- U.S.A., Inc., 193, 203 road Co., 68 Dellums v. Powell, 756 Dior v. Milton, 324 DeMarco v. Publix Super Markets, Inc., DiRuggiero v. Rodgers, 93 744 DiSalle v. P.G. Publishing Co., 691 Dement v. Houston Printing Co., 578 Disch v. Closet, 91 Demetracopoulos v. Wilson, 246 District of Columbia v. Air Florida, Inc., Dempsey v. National Enquirer, 409 238 Dempsky v. Double, 604 Ditty v. Farley, 45 Demuth Development Corp. v. Merck & Diversiﬁed Marketing, Inc. v. Estee Co., Inc., 246 Lauder, Inc., 309 Denny v. Mertz, 501 Dixie Broadcasting Corp. v. Rivers, 724 Denver Publishing Co. v. Bueno, 494 Dixie Motor Coach Corp. v. Shivers, 68 Deon v. Kirby Lumber Co., 186 Dixon v. Serodino, 68 Derbyshire County Council v. Times Djowharzadeh v. City National Bank and Newspapers Ltd., 515, 522 Trust Co. of Norman, 204, 339, 342, Derounian v. Stokes, 637 482 Deshotel v. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Dobro v. Village of Sloan, 62 Railway Co., 21 Doctors Convalescent Center, Inc. v. East Desmond v. Brown, 560 Shore Newspapers, Inc., 673 Desmond v. Fawcett, 711 Dodge Bros. v. East, 281, 290 Desnick v. American Broadcasting Com- Dodrill v. Arkansas Democrat Co., 490 panies, Inc., 447 Doe v. America Online, Inc., 568 Desnick v. Capital Cities/ABC, Inc., 447, Doe v. Berkeley Publishers, 457 449 Doe v. Methodist Hospital, 475 Desny v. Wilder, 392 Doe v. Mills, 472 DeVaney v. Thriftway Marketing Corp., Doe v. Roe, 479 740 Doe v. TCI Cablevision, 435 Devine v. Devine, 91, 104 Dombey v. Phoenix Newspapers, Inc., Di Giorgio Fruit Corp. v. American Fed- 667, 673 eration of Labor and Congress of In- Domchick v. Greenbelt Consumer Ser- dustrial Organizations, 521 vices, Inc., 624 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xxiii

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Donnel v. Lara, 441 Dwyer v. American Express Co., 408 Dorsey v. Winters, 711 Dyer v. City of Newark, 75 Dorwart v. Caraway, 756 Doughty v. Morris, 211 E. Hulton & Co. v. Jones, 538 Douglas v. Hello! Ltd., 146, 169, 193, E.I. duPont deNemours & Co., Inc. v. 207 Christopher, 343, 449 Douglas v. Newark Cheese Co., 317 E.P. Dutton & Co. v. Cupples, 366 Douglass v. Hustler Magazine, Inc., 489 Eadie v. Pole, 672 Dow Jones & Co. Inc. v. Gutnick, 573 Eager v. Grimwood, 103 Dowdle Butane Gas Co., Inc. v. Moore, Eason v. Federal Broadcasting Co., 577 215 East River Steamship Corp. v. Dowling v. Livingstone, 638 Transamerica Delaval, Inc., 228 Downer v. Amalgamated Meatcutters Eastman Kodak Co. v. Rakow, 307 and Butcher Workmen of North Eastwood v. National Enquirer, Inc., 415 America, 577 Ebersole v. Fields, 271 Downing v. Abercrombie & Fitch, 435 Economopoulos v. A.G. Pollard Co., 560 Doyen v. Lamb, 44 Educational Sales Programs, Inc. v. Drey- DP-Tek, Inc. v. AT & T Global Informa- fus Corp., 385 tion Solutions Co., 207 Edwards v. Fogarty, 75 Dranoff-Perlstein Associates v. Sklar, 290 Edwards v. National Audubon Society, DSG Retail Ltd. v. Comet Group Plc., 257 Inc., 690, 691 Dubil v. Labate, 66 Edwards v. Travelers Insurance of Hart- Duchess of Argyll v. Duke of Argyll, 481 ford, Connecticut, 160 Duckworth v. First National Bank of Edwin Hill and Partners v. First National South Carolina, 557 Finance Corp. Plc., 142 Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Eick v. Perk Dog Food Co., 408 Builders, Inc., 657, 675, 680, 681, 682, Eikhoff v. Gilbert, 636 683 Einhorn v. Westmount Investments Ltd., Duncan v. Afton, Inc., 244 168 Duncan v. Flynn, 72 Eirinberg v. CBS Inc., 277 Duncan v. Record Publishing Co., 579 El Meson Espanol v. NYM Corp., 263, Dunlap v. G&L Holding Group, Inc., 398 521 Dunlap v. Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc., Elden v. Sheldon, 37 686 Electronics Corp. of America v. Honey- Dunlop Tire and Rubber Corp. v. FMC well, Inc., 316 Corp., 229 Elguzouli-Daf v. Commissioner of Police Dunn v. Alabama Oil & Gas Co., 22, 711 of the Metropolis, 242 Dunshee v. Standard Oil Co., 187, 190 Elliot v. Willis, 65 Duo-Tint Bulb & Battery Co., Inc. v. Ellis v. Kimball, 542 Moline Supply Co., 367 Ellis v. Wellons, 733, 738 Dupont Engineering Co. v. Nashville Elmore v. Atlantic Zayre, Inc., 440 Banner Publishing Co., 521 Elvis Presley International Memorial Durham v. Cannan Communications, Foundation v. Crowell, 425 Inc., 666, 674 Embrey v. Holly, 656 Dutt v. Kremp, 730 Emerald Construction Co. Ltd. v. DVD Copy Control Association, Inc. v. Lowthian, 135 Bunner, 337 Emerson v. Grimsby Times and Tele- Dworkin v. Hustler Magazine, Inc., 489, graph Co., Ltd., 514 563 Emerson v. Magendantz, 124 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xxiv

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Empiregas, Inc. of Elberta v. Feely, 720 Falwell v. Penthouse International, Ltd., Engel v. CBS, Inc., 719 350 England v. Daily Gazette Co., 638 Fanelle v. Lojack Corp., 409 English & American Insurance Co. Ltd. Farley v. Sartin, 72 v. Herbert Smith, 482 Farmers’ & Merchants’ Bank of Catletts- Environmental Planning and Informa- burg, Kentucky v. Federal Reserve tion Council of Western El Dorado Bank of Cleveland, Ohio, 185 County, Inc. v. Superior Court, 186 Farnsworth v. Hyde, 513 Erdmann v. SF Broadcasting of Green Farnsworth v. Tribune Co., 686 Bay, Inc., 669 Farquhar v. Neiss, 611 Erick Bowman Remedy Co. v. Jenson Farrell v. Triangle Publications, Inc., 543 Salsbery Laboratories, 549 Fawcett Publications, Inc., v. Morris, Erickson v. Buckley, 12 543, 657 Erven Warnink Besloten Vennootschap v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. v. J. Tow nsend & Sons (Hull) Ltd., 317, Meyer, 757 364 Feiler v. New Jersey Dental Association, Espinosa v. Sparber, Shevin, Shapo, 191 Rosen and Heilbronner, 241 Fellows v. National Enquirer, Inc., 494 Esquire, Inc. v. Maira, 303 Felsenthal v. McMillan, 110 Estate of Berthiaume v. Pratt, 441 Felsher v. University of Evansville, 425 Estate of Hemingway v. Random House, Feltch v. General Rental Co., 51 Inc., 350 Felton v. Schaeffer, 245 Estate of Legeas, In re, 210 Fen v. Dixe, 247, 249 Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr., Inc. v. Fendler v. Morosco, 354 CBS, Inc., 353 Feneff v. New York Central & Hudson Estate of Presley v. Russen, 434 River Railroad Co., 16 Estate of Wells by Jeske v. Mount Sinai Fennell v. Littlejohn, 90 Medical Center, 34 Fenslage v. Dawkins, 97 Ethridge v. North Mississippi Communi- Ferguson v. Gies, 751 cations, Inc., 673 Fernandes v. Union Bookbinding Co., 22 Ettore v. Philco Television Broadcasting Fernandez v. Walgreen Hastings Co., 39 Corp., 372 Ferris v. Frohman, 353 ETW Corp. v. Jireh Publishing, Inc., 431 Ferriter v. Daniel O’Connell’s Sons, Inc., Evans v. Rite Aid Corp., 246, 481 35 Evenson v. Spaulding, 173 Fetler v. Houghton Mifﬂin Co., 539 Eveready Battery Co., Inc. v. Adolph Figueiredo-Torres v. Nickel, 105 Coors Co., 309 Finger v. Omni Publications Interna- Everett Waddey Co. v. Richmond Typo- tional, Ltd., 409 graphical Union No. 90, 156 Finkelstein, Thompson & Loughran v. EVRA Corp. v. Swiss Bank Corp., 235 Hemispherx Biopharma, Inc., 593 Firestone v. Galbreath, 211 Faber v. Byrle, 611 Firestone v. Time, Inc., 682 Factors Etc., Inc. v. Pro Arts, Inc., 424 Firstley v. Bill Watson Ford, Inc., 705 Fadgen v. Lenkner, 110 Firth v. State, 572 Fairbanks, Morse & Co. v. Texas Electric Fischer v. Bar Harbor Banking and Trust Service, 150 Co., 266 Fairyland Amusement Co. v. Metrome- Fischer v. Blank, 273 dia, Inc., 263 Fish v. St. Louis County Printing & Pub- Falk v. Smith, 618 lishing Co., 618 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xxv

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Fisher v. Star Co., 384 Frank v. National Broadcasting Co., Inc., Fitch v. Hyde-Cates, 75 539 Fitzgerald v. Penthouse International, Franklin v. Giddins, 346 Ltd., 666 Fred Siegel Co., L.P.A. v. Arter & Had- Fitzjohn v. Mackinder, 706 den, 159 Fitzpatrick v. Age-Herald Publishing Co., Fred Wehrenberg Circuit of Theatres, 533 Inc. v. Moviefone, Inc., 368 Flaherty v. Weinberg, 242 Freeman v. Busch Jewelry Co., 529 Flake v. Greensboro News Co., 403 Freeman v. Dayton Seale Co., 556 Flamingo Tele-Film Sales, Inc. v. United Freeman v. Schwenker, 506 Artists Corp., 372 Freides v. Sani-Mode Manufacturing Co., Flamm v. American Association of Uni- 712 versity Women, 696 French Knit Sales Pty. Ltd. v. N. Gold & Flanagan v. McLane, 600 Sons Pty. Ltd., 237 Flandermeyer v. Cooper, 16 Fridovich v. Fridovich, 604 Fleming v. Moore, 686 Friedman v. Dozorc, 242, 730 Fletcher v. Dorchester Mutual Insurance Friedman v. Friedman, 98 Co., 215, 243 Friedman v. Israel Labour Party, 630 Fletcher-Gordon v. Southam Inc., 629 Friedman v. Jackson, 150 Flippin v. Jarrell, 25 Fritzson v. City of Manhattan, 48 Flores v. Mosler Safe Co., 409 Froelich v. Adair, 448 Florida Star v. B.J.F., 459, 465 Froelich v. Werbin, 441, 448 Flynn v. Higham, 522 Frost v. Stern, 597 Fogus v. Capital Cities Media, Inc., 691 FSS Travel & Leisure Systems Ltd. v. Follansbee v. Benzenberg, 16 Johnson, 328 Folmar & Associates LLP v. Holberg, 216 Fuddruckers, Inc. v. Doc’s B.R. Others, Folsom v. Marsh, 349 Inc., 290 Forberg v. Stumbos & Mason, 720 Fundermann v. Mickelson, 110 Ford Motor Co. v. Lane, 337 Furman v. Van Sise, 25 Ford Motor Co. v. Miles, 38 Fury Imports, Inc. v. Shakespeare Co., Forehand v. Perlis Realty Co., 147 144 Forest Laboratories, Inc. v. Formulations, Fusario v. Cavallaro, 704 Inc., 332, 346 Forest Laboratories, Inc. v. Pillsbury Co., G v. Day, 337, 481 332 G.W.K., Ltd v. Dunlop Rubber Co., Ltd., Fornaro v. Jill Bros. Inc., 65 164 Fort Wayne Mortgage Co. v. Carletos, Gaeta v. New York News Inc., 681 715 Galanis v. Procter and Gamble Corp., Foster v. Kerr, 79 396 Foster v. Laredo Newspapers, Inc., 674 Gale v. Ryan, 272 Foster v. Mountford, 342 Galella v. Onassis, 440 Fotomat Corp. v. Cochran, 290 Gallimore v. Children’s Hospital Medical Fountain v. West, 578 Center, 34 Fowler v. New York Herald Co., 618 Gallman v. Carnes, 673 Fowler v. Printers II, Inc., 139, 143 Gallo v. Southern Paciﬁc Co., 68 Foxcroft v. Lacy, 542 Gallucci v. Milavic, 712 Francis Mezzara’s Case, 513 Gann v. Varnado, 715 Francome v. Mirror Group Newspapers Gannett Co., Inc. v. Re, 668 Ltd., 482 Garcia v. Douglas Aircraft Co., 68 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xxvi

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Gardella v. Log Cabin Products Co., 376 Glamorgan Coal Co., Ltd. v. South Wales Gardner v. Self, 576 Miners’ Federation, 131, 135 Garner v. Triangle Publications, Inc., 485 Glass v. Ickes, 597 Garret v. Taylor, 172 Glass Sand Corp. v. Caterpillar Tractor Garrison v. Louisiana, 654 Co., 228 Garrison v. Sun Printing & Publishing Glazer v. Hoffman, 353 Association, 22 Gleitman v. Cosgrove, 124 Garver v. Harrant, 34 Glenn v. Lawrence, 714 Gates v. Discovery Communications, Glinski v. McIver, 715 Inc., 465 Global Relief Foundation, Inc. v. New Gaudette v. Webb, 57 York Times Co., 578 Gautier v. General Telephone Co., 476 Glover v. Fleming, 715 Gautier v. Pro-Football, Inc., 409 Glover v. Lee, Higginson Corp., 162, 167 Gaydos v. Domabyl, 58 Glover v. Malloska, 192 Gazette, Inc. v. Harris, 686 Gobin v. Globe Publishing Co., 550, 630 Geary v. Alger, 627 Godfrey v. Demon Internet Ltd., 567 Gee v. Pritchard, 349 Goff v. Harold Ives Trucking Co., Inc., 212, General Mills, Inc. v. Henry Regnery 215 Co., 304 Goheen v. General Motors Corp., 66 General Motors Corp. v. Doupnik, 22, 51 Gold v. Los Angeles Democratic League, Genereux v. Peterson Howell & Heather 208 (Canada) Ltd., 224 Gold Seal Associates, Inc. v. Gold Seal Gengler v. Phelps, 600 Associates, Inc., 296 Gentile v. Wallen, 756 Golden Slipper Square Club v. Golden Gersten v. Newark Morning Ledger Co., Slipper Restaurant & Catering, Inc., 506 299 Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc., 490, 549, 622, Goldin v. Clarion Photoplays, Inc., 373 638, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 666, 667, Goldman v. Harford Road Building As- 682, 683, 686, 691, 692 sociation, 204 Giaimo v. Literary Guild, 530 Goldsmith v. Bhoyrul, 522 Giardina v. Bennett, 72 Goldsmith v. Sperrings Ltd., 563, 736 Gibbs v. Ernst, 126 Goldstein v. California, 368, 373, 381 Gibbs v. Rea, 703 Goldwater v. Ginzburg, 655 Gilbert v. Crystal Foundation Lodge, 521 Gomba v. McLaughlin, 576 Gilbert v. Medical Economics Co., 453 Gomersall v. Davies, 557 Gill v. Curtis Publishing Co., 485 Goodrick v. Gannett Co., Inc., 674 Gill v. Hearst Publishing Co., 452 Goodwill v. British Pregnancy Advisory Gilleski v. Community Medical Center, Service, 123 243 Goodwin v. Thompson, 93 Gillette U.K. Ltd. v. Edenwest Ltd., 275 Gorder v. Sims, 110 Gilliam v. American Broadcasting Com- Gordon v. Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc., 285 panies, Inc., 281 Gorman v. Swaggart, 522 Gilmore v. Sammons, 362 Gospel Spreading Church v. Johnson Gionfriddo v. Major League Baseball, 430 Publishing Co., 669 Girl Scouts of the United States of Amer- Gottlieb v. Gleiser, 83 ica v. Personality Posters Manufactur- Gowin v. Heider, 703, 712 ing Co., 308 Graham v. Manche, 211 Girls Club of America, Inc. v. Boys Club Graham v. Roy, 510 America, Inc., 299 Graham v. Today’s Spirit, 572 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xxvii

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Grainger v. Hill, 738 Guccione v. Hustler Magazine, Inc., 583 Granada Biosciences, Inc. v. Forbes, Inc., Guevin v. Manchester Street Railway, 9 266 Guglielmi v. Spelling-Goldberg Produc- Grand Lodge Order Hermann’s Sons of tions, 429 Texas v. Schuetze, 218 Gugliuzza v. K.C.M.C., Inc., 522 Graney Development Corp. v. Taksen, Guillory v. Godfrey, 173 246 Guinn v. Church of Christ of Granger v. Time, Inc., 542 Collinsville, 473 Grant v. Avis Rent A Car System, Inc., 38 Gunsberg v. Roseland Corp., 550 Grant v. Reader’s Digest Association, Gustafson v. Payless Drug Stores North- Inc., 510 west, Inc., 706 Grappelli v. Derek Block (Holdings) Ltd., Guy v. Livesey, 9 560 Gravel v. United States, 588 Haddad v. Sears, Roebuck and Co., 610 Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. A. & Haelan Laboratories, Inc. v. Topps P. Radio Stores, 297 Chewing Gum, Inc., 431 Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Cream Hafner v. Beck, 245 of Wheat Co., 190 Hagebak v. Stone, 599 Great Coastal Express, Inc. v. Ellington, Haigh v. Royal Mail Steam Packet Co., 78 625, 681, 683 Halberstadt v. New York Life Insurance Green v. Bittner, 65 Co., 699 Green v. Button, 250 Hale v. Groce, 241 Green v. Minnes, 576 Hall v. Adams, 706 Green v. Northern Publishing Co., Inc., Hall v. American Investment Co., 715 673 Hall v. Hollander, 11, 23 Green v. Telfair, 532 Hall v. Huffman, 533 Green Acres Trust v. London, 625, 731 Hall v. Kennedy, 57 Greenbelt Cooperative Publishing Asso- Hall v. Post, 500 ciation, Inc., v. Bresler, 667 Hall v. United Parcel Service of America, Greenberg v. CBS Inc., 668 Inc., 245 Greenberg v. Panama Transport Co., 160 Hamberger v. Eastman, 439 Gregory v. Oakland Motor Car Co., 12 Hamill v. Pawtucket Mutual Insurance Gregory v. Portsmouth City Council, 718 Co., 245 Grein v. La Poma, 547 Hamilton v. UPI, 511 Grempler v. Multiple Listing Bureau of Hamilton National Bank v. Belt, 388 Harford County, Inc., 179 Hammond v. North American Asbestos Griffin v. Kentucky Post, 577 Corp., 22 Grillo v. Board of Realtors of Plainfield Hammond v. Rowley, 716 Area, 179 Hammond Lead Products, Inc. v. Ameri- Grimes v. Greenblatt, 711 can Cyanamid Co., 732 Groce v. Foster, 744 Hammonds v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Groden v. Random House, Inc., 409, 416 Co., 147 Groucho Marx Productions, Inc. v. Day Hammons v. Eisert, 211 and Night Co., Inc., 377, 424, 431 Handeland v. Brown, 48, 51, 52 Grove Press, Inc. v. Collectors Publica- Hanly v. Pisces Productions Inc., 610 tion, Inc., 366 Hannah v. Heeter, 215, 243 Grower v. State, 638 Hannibal Railroad v. Swift, 750 Guard-Life Corp. v. S. Parker Hardware Hannigan v. Sears, Roebuck and Co., 144 Manufacturing Corp., 151 Hanover Star Milling Co. v. Metcalf, 295 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xxviii

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Hansen v. Stoll, 655 Hedgpeth v. Coleman, 553 Harbeson v. Parke-Davis, 125 Hein v. Lacy, 577 Harbison v. Chicago, Rock Island & Pa- Hellar v. Bianco, 568 ciﬁc Railway Co., 556 Helmicks v. Stevlingson, 531 Harding v. Lithgow Municipal Council, Helsel v. Noellsch, 110 75 Hendrix v. General Motors Corp., 35 Hardy v. Vial, 724 Henley v. Rockett, 104 Harkey v. Abate, 439 Henson v. Thomas, 112 Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 757 Hepburn v. TCN Channel Nine Pty. Ltd., Harmon v. Harmon, 209 507 Harms v. Miami Daily News, Inc., 441 Herrmann v. Newark Morning Ledger Harper v. Delp, 533 Co., 510 Harris v. Easton Publishing Co., 475 Herron v. State Farm Mutual Insurance Harris v. Sherman, 38 Co., 160 Harris v. Tomczak, 674 Hershey v. Hershey, 100 Harrison v. Jones, 212 Hervey v. Mosely, 93 Harsen v. Hayes, 16 Hess v. Gansz, 618 Harte-Hanks Communications, Inc. v. Hester v. Barnett, 611 Connaughton, 654 Hester v. Dwidevi, 125 Hartford Charga-Plate Associates v. Hetterman Bros. & Co. v. Powers, 299 Youth Centre-Cinderella Stores, Inc., Heyer v. Flaig, 240 363 Heyman v. AR. Winarick, Inc., 336 Hartke v. McKelway, 124 Heywood v. Tillson, 136 Hartmann v. Boston Herald-Traveler Hibbits v. Sides, 215, 216 Corp., 638 Hibpshman v. Prudhoe Bay Supply, Inc., Hartridge v. State Farm Mutual Automo- 32 bile Insurance Co., 223 Hickey v. Electric Reduction Co. of Harvey Hubbell, Inc. v. General Electric Canada Ltd., 237 Co., 366 Hickman Construction, Inc. v. South Harwood Pharmacal Co., Inc. v. Na- Umpqua State Bank, 164 tional Broadcasting Co., Inc., 263 Hicks v. Casablanca Records, 424, 425 Haskins v. Ryan, 396 Hill v. Carr, 743 Hassett v. Carroll, 611 Hill Grocery Co.v.Carroll,156 Hastings v. Stetson, 568 Himango v. Prime Time Broadcasting, Hatchard v. Mège, 247, 249 Inc., 673 Hatﬁll v. New York Times Co., 506 Hinds v. Parker, 702 Hauser v. Bartow, 736 Hines v. Shumaker, 624 Havana Cigar and Tobacco Factories, Ltd. Hines v. Winnick, 381 v. Oddenino, 277 Hinish v. Meier & Frank Co., Inc., 399, Hawkins v. Multimedia, Inc., 456 404, 486 Hawley Products Co. v. United States Hinsdale v. Orange County Publications, Trunk Co., 367 Inc., 529 Haws v. Luethje, 74 Hirsch v. Cooper, 681 Hayes v. Smith, 553 Hirsch v. S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc., 313, Hayward v. Thompson, 560 418 Hazen v. Municipality of Anchorage, 215 Hitaffer v. Argonne Co., 16 Hebrew Academy of San Francisco v. Hixon v. Buchberger, 97 Goldman, 573 Hobbs v. Christenson, 116 Hebrew Publishing Co. v. Scharfstein, 367 Hockema v. J.S., 51 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xxix

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Hodgkinson & Corby Ltd. v. Wards Mo- Hughes v. Washington Daily News Co., bility Services Ltd., 276 627 Hoepker v. Kruger, 430 Humphers v. First Interstate Bank of Hogan v. Herald Co., 691 Oregon, 480 Holmes v. Amerex Rent-A-Car, 243 Hunt v. Chang, 112 Holmes v. Underwood & Underwood, Hunter v. Butler, 79 Inc., 408 Huntley v. Ward, 619 Holt v. Astgrigg, 505 Hurley v. Northwest Publications, Inc., Holt v. Cox Enterprises, 669 630 Holt v. Holt, 211 Huskey v. National Broadcasting Co., Hooker v. Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc., 448 Inc., 403 Huskie v. Grifﬁn, 150 Hoover v. Peerless Publications, Inc., 506 Hustler Magazine, Inc. v. Falwell, 655 Hopewell v. Vitullo, 696 Hutchence v. South Seas Bubble Co. Pty. Hopewell Enterprises, Inc. v. Trustmark Ltd., 314 National Bank, 482 Hutchinson v. Proxmire, 588, 666 Hopke v. O’Bryne, 720 Huth v. Huth, 556 Hopkins v. Blanco, 17 Hutton v. Watters, 186 Hopkins v. Oxley Stave Co., 184 Hyatt v. McCoy, 104 Hoppe v. Klapperich, 739 Hyatt Corp. v. Hyatt Legal Services, 307 Hornbuckle v. Plantation Pipe Line Co., Hyde v. City of Columbia, 464 72 Hyde v. Scyssor, 11 Horne v. Patton, 480 Horning v. Hardy, 266 Ideal Savings Loan & Building Associa- Horton v. Georgian Co., 627 tion of Newport v. Blumberg, 270 Horwitz v. Holabird & Root, 731 Illingworth v. Madden, 44 Hough v. London Express Newspaper, 529 Ilsely v. Sentinel Co., 629 Hovey v. Iowa State Daily Publication Imperial Ice Co. v. Rossier, 143 Board, Inc., 576 Independent Blue Cross v. U.S. Health- How J. Ryan & Associates, Inc. v. Cen- care, Inc., 268 tury Brewing Association, 391 Ingram & Sons v. India Rubber, Gutta Howard v. Antilla, 655 Percha, and Telegraph Co. Ltd., 281 Howard v. Des Moines Register and Tri- Institut National des Appellations d’O- bune Co., 457, 466 rigine des Vins et Eaux-de-Vie v. An- Howard v. Loney, 51 dres Wines Ltd., 317 Howard v. Lyons, 596 Integrated Cash Management Services, Howard Frank, M.D., P.C. v. Superior Inc. v. Digital Transactions, Inc., 324 Court, 34 Integrated Information Pte. Ltd. v. CD- Howden v. “Truth” and “Sportsman” Biz Directories Pte. Ltd., 257, 271 Ltd., 576 Intermountain Broadcasting & Television Hoye v. Hoye, 110 Corp.v.Idaho Microwave, Inc., 368 Hubbard v. Allyn, 636 International Heating Co. v. Oliver Oil Hubbard v. Rutledge, 611 Gas Burner & Machine Co., 276 Huber v. Hovey, 47 International News Service v. Associated Hudson v. Hudson, 48 Press, 273, 355, 361, 362, 367 Huggins v. Butcher, 52 International Order of Job’s Daughters v. Huggins v. Citibank, N.A., 242 Lindeburg & Co., 314 Hughes v. Hughes, 577 International Pocketbook Workers’ Hughes v. McDonough, 173 Union v. Orlove, 156 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xxx

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Interstate Telephone & Telegraph Co. v. Jensen v. Times Mirror Co., 668 Public Service Electric Co., 224 Jeppson v. United Television, Inc., 441 Irlbeck v. Pomeroy, 47, 78 Jeter v. Mayo Clinic Arizona, 72 Irvine v. Akron Beacon Journal, 441 Jewell v. Cox Enterprises, Inc., 669 Irvine v. Talksport Ltd., 313 Jewell v. NYP Holdings, Inc., 583 Israel v. Portland News Publishing Co., “Joannes” v. Bennett, 612 618 Joe Dickerson & Associates, LLC v. Izuzu Motors Ltd. v. Consumers Union Dittmar, 407 of United States, Inc., 669 Joel v. Weber, 136 John D. Park & Sons Co. v. National J. Bollinger v. Costa Brava Wine Co. Ltd., Wholesale Druggists’ Association, 184 317, 364 John Holland (Constructions) Pty. Ltd. J.D. Edwards & Co. v. Podany, 137 v. Jordin, 224 J.F. Parkinson Co. v. Building Trades John R. Dudley Construction, Inc. v. Council of Santa Clara County, 180 Drott Manufacturing Co., 228 J. Irizarry y Puente v. President and Fel- John Walker & Sons, Ltd. v. Bethea, 303 lows of Harvard College, 396 John Walker & Sons Ltd. v. Henry Ost & J.T. Stratford & Son Ltd. v. Lindley, 168, Co. Ltd., 317 196 Johns v. Marsh, 714 J’Aire Corp.v.Gregory, 232, 235, 237 Johnson v. Ebberts, 715 Jackson v. Longcope, 583 Johnson v. K Mart Corp., 440 Jackson v. State, 126 Johnson v. Mount Ogden Enterprises, Jackson v. Universal International Pic- Inc., 721 tures, 277 Johnson v. Ottomeier, 76 Jackson v. Watson & Sons, 57 Johnson v. Robbinsdale Independent Jacob v. Mills, 505 School District No. 281, 673 Jacova v. Southern Radio and Television Johnson v. University Hospitals of Cleve- Co., 458 land, 123 Jacron Sales Co., Inc. v. Sindorf, 682, 686 Johnston v. Corinthian Television Corp., Jaffe v. Stone, 702 673 James v. Ft. Worth Telegram Co., 534 Joiner v. Benton Community Bank, 703 James v. Gannett Co., Inc., 667 Jolicoeur Furniture Co., Inc. v. Baldelli, James v. San Jose Mercury News, Inc., 138 673 Jones v. Elliott, 13 James v. Screen Gems, Inc., 425 Jones v. Jenkins, 712 James G. v. Caserta, 126 Jones v. Malinowski, 124 Janetka v. Dabe, 702 Jones v. Palmer Communications, Inc., Jarrahdale Timber Co. (Ltd.) v. Temper- 673, 697 ley and Co., 272 Jones v. Taibbi, 629 Jaubert v. Crowley Post-Signal, Inc., 452 Jones v. Taylor, 12 Jefferson County School District No. R-1 Jones v. U.S. Child Support Recovery, v. Moody’s Investor’s Services, Inc., 475 208, 269 Jones v. Waterman Steamship Corp., 222 Jenkins v. Dell Publishing Co., 409, 465 Jones Brothers (Hunstanton) Ltd. v. Jenkins v. News Syndicate Co., 350 Stevens, 140 Jennings v. Marralle, 751 Jordache Enterprises, Inc. v. Hogg Wyld, Jenoff v. Hearst Corp., 673 Ltd., 277 Jensen v. Heritage Mutual Insurance Co., Jordan v. Baptist Three Rivers Hospital, 67 65 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xxxi

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Jordan v. Lipsig, Sullivan, Mollen & Lia- Kemp v. Division No. 241, Amalgamated pakis, P.C., 241 Association of Street & Electric Railway Joseph v. Baars, 604 Employés of America, 151 Joseph Scott Co. v. Scott Swimming Kennedy v. Cannon, 618 Pools, Inc., 297 Keohane v. Stewart, 698 Journal-Gazette Co., Inc. v. Bandido’s, Kerby v. Hal Roach Studios, Inc., 403 Inc., 658 Kernel Kutter, Inc. v. Fawcett Publica- Joyce v. Motor Surveys Ltd., 265, 271 tions, Inc., 336 Junior Books Ltd. v. Veitchi Co. Ltd., Keviczky v. Lorber, 184 238 Kewanee Oil Co. v. Bicron Corp., 346, 397 Just’s, Inc. v. Arrington Construction KGB, Inc. v. Giannoulas, 377 Co., Inc., 234 Khalid Abdullah Tariq Al Mansour Justice v. Belo Broadcasting Corp., 465 Faissal Fahd Al Talal v. Fanning, 544 Khawar v. Globe International, Inc., 655, K & K Management, Inc. v. Lee, 193 668, 692 Kachmar v. SunGard Data Systems, Inc., Khorasandjian v. Bush, 441 208 Kiesel v. Peter Kiewit & Sons’ Co., 38 Kahn v. Bower, 670, 672 Kilmer v. Hicks, 72 Kajtazi v. Kajtazi, 98 Kimball v. Post Publishing Co., 630 Kalafut v. Grover, 72 Kimery v. Public Service Co. of Okla- Kandel v. White, 72 homa, 67 Kapellas v. Kofman, 468 Kimmerle v. New York Evening Journal, Karczewski v. Baltimore and Ohio Rail- Inc., 504, 509 road Co., 16 King v. Mister Maestro, Inc., 353 Karrigan v. Valentine, 529 King v. Richardson, 224 Kassama v. Magat, 125 Kingsbury’s Executors v. Lane’s Executor, Katapodis v. Brooklyn Spectator, Inc., 56 507 Kinsey v. Macur, 475 Kathleen K. v. Robert B., 105 Kinsley v. Herald & Globe Association, 637 Katz v. Kapper, 189 Kirby v. Wildenstein, 270 Katz v. Thompson, 142 Kirman v. Sun Printing & Publishing Kavanaugh v. St. Mary’s Medical Center, Co., 514 104 Klahr v. Winterble, 673 Kean v. McGivan, 299 Klingel’s Pharmacy of Baltimore City v. Keeble v. Hickeringill, 172 Sharp & Dohme, 185 Keel v. Banach, 125 Klinger v. Morrow County Grain Grow- Keene Lumber Co. v. Leventhal, 168 ers, Inc., 204 Kellems v. California Congress of Indus- Klix Corp. v. Cable Vision, Inc., 169 trial Organization Council, 637 KMLA Broadcasting Corp. v. Twentieth Kelley v. Bonney, 673 Century Cigarette Vendors Corp., 371 Kelley v. Post Publishing Co., 465 Knapp v. McLeod, 624 Kelliher v. New York Central & Hudson Knapp v. Penﬁeld, 144 River Railroad Co., 73, 75 KNB Enterprises v. Matthews, 435 Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co., 282 Knickerbocker Ice Co. of Baltimore City Kelly v. Franco, 441 v. Gardiner Dairy Co. of Baltimore Kelly v. Hoffman, 563 City, 167 Kelly v. Tinling, 636 Knight v. Penobscot Bay Medical Center, Kelsea v. Swett, 715 448 Kemp v. Block, 439 Knighton v. Knighton, 91 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xxxii

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Koestler v. Pollard, 104 Lantis v. Condon, 51 Kolka v. Jones, 720 Lapetina v. Santangelo, 593 Korbar v. Hite, 667 Lapides v. Trabbic, 100 Korea Supply Co. v. Lockheed Martin LaPoint v. Shirley, 125 Corp., 193 Larson v. Dunn, 97 Kotlikoff v. Community News, 697 Lavin v. New York News, Inc., 628 Kralj v. McGrath, 66 Lawless v. Anglo-Egyptian Cotton Co., Kramer v. Downey, 440 624 Kramer v. Thompson, 584, 654 Lawlor v. Gallagher Presidents’ Report, Kraut v. Cleveland Railway Co., 13 Inc., 667 Krawczyk v. Stingle, 241 Lawrence v. A.S. Abell Co., 409 Kremer v. Black, 110 Lawrence v. Slatcher, 51 Kroger Co. v. Young, 612 Lawrence v. Ylla, 353 Kroger Grocery & Baking Co. v. Yount, Lawson v. Howmet Aluminum Corp., 623 245 Krohn v. Richardson-Merrell, Inc., Leak-Gilbert v. Fahle, 241 William S. Merrell Co. Division, 16 LeBagge v. Buses Ltd., 79 Kroll Associates v. City and County of LeCrone v. Ohio Bell Telephone Co., 439 Honolulu, 669 Ledger v. Tippitt, 38 Krutech v. Schimmel, 618 Lee v. Baptist Medical Center of Okla- Kryszke v. Kamin, 721, 733 homa, Inc., 457 Kungl v. Schiefer, 87 Lee v. Calhoun, 457 Kunz v. Deitch, 98 Lee v. Colorado Department of Health, Kuryer Publishing Co. v. Messmer, 186 51 Kutcher v. Zimmerman, 208 Lee v. Dong-A Ilbo, 627, 630 Lee v. Levi Strauss Co., 157 L.L. Bean, Inc. v. Drake Publishers, Inc., Lee v. Paulsen, 600 308 Lee v. Silver, 136 L.N.K. ex rel. Kavanaugh v. St. Mary’s Legris v. Marcotte, 136 Medical Center, 104 Leigh and Sillavan Ltd. v. Aliakmon Labonte v. Giordano, 211 Shipping Co. Ltd., 237 Lackner v. LaCroix, 732 Leigh Furniture and Carpet Co. v. Isom, Ladies Center of Clearwater, Inc. v. 159, 197, 203 Reno, 123 Lemmer v. The Tribune, 514 LaGrenade v. Gordon, 97 Lennon v. News Group Newspapers Ltd., Lahr v. Adell Chemical Co., 376 481 Lake v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 494 Leo Silfen, Inc. v. Cream, 327 Lake Shore Investors v. Rite Aid Corp., 162 Leonard v. George, 703 Lakeshore Community Hospital, Inc. v. Leonard Storch Enterprises, Inc. v. Mer- Perry, 208 genthaler Linotype Co., 367 Lal v. CBS, Inc., 627 Leopold v. Levin, 485 LaMantia v. Redisi, 718 Lepine v. Demeule, 79 Lambert v. Dow Chemical Co., 481 Lerman v. Chuckleberry Publishing, Inc., Lamport v. 4175 Broadway, Inc., 139 409 Lange v. Atkinson, 613 Lerman v. Flynt Distributing Co., Inc., 416 Lange v. Australian Broadcasting Corp., Letaksy v. United States, 22 613 Letter Edged in Black Press, Inc. v. Pub- Lanterman v. Delaware, Lackawanna & lic Building Commission of Chicago, Western Railroad Co., 703 353 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xxxiii

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Leverman v. Campbell Sharp Ltd., 622 Loutchansky v. Times Newspapers Ltd., Leverton v. Curtis Publishing Co., 483 572, 612 Lewis v. Carr, 612 Love v. Commerce Bank of St. Louis, Lewis v. Coursolle Broadcasting of Wis- N.A., 579 consin, Inc., 656, 667, 675 Lovejoy v. Whitcomb, 614 Lewis v. Daily Telegraph Ltd., 506 Lovgren v. Citizens First National Bank Lewis v. Equitable Life Assurance Society, of Princeton, 490 557 Lowell v. Mother’s Cake & Cookie Co., Lewis v. Reader’s Digest Association, 204 Inc., 572 Lowenschuss v. West Publishing Co., Lewis v. Williams, 504 592 Leyba v. Renger, 696 Lowrey v. Wade Hampton Co., 48 Li Yau-wai v. Genesis Films Ltd., 408 Lowther v. Metzker, 712 Liberty Lobby, Inc. v. Anderson, 583, Lozoya v. Sanchez, 38 697 Lucas v. Hamm, 241 Liggett & Meyer Tobacco Co., Inc. v. Lucero v. Stewart, 731 Meyer, 391 Lucy v. Muchnok, 596 Lightman v. Flaum, 481 Luddy v. State, 68 Lind v. Schmid, 712 Lueddecke v. Chevrolet Motor Co., 396 Lindner v. Mollan, 596 Lueter v. State of California, 243 Lins v. Evening News Association, 542 Lugosi v. Universal Pictures, 377, 424 Litwin v. Maddox, 277 Lulay v. Peoria Journal-Star, Inc., 630 Live Oak Publishing Co. v. Cohagan, 557 Lumley v. Gye, 127, 130, 136 Livermore v. Crane, 167 Lumpkin v. Friedman, 732 Lloyd v. Loefﬂer, 97 Lunney v. Prodigy Services Co., 564, 567 Loeb v. Globe Newspaper Co., 697 Luper v. Black Dispatch Publishing Co., Loeb v. Teitelbaum, 702 674 Loeb v. Turner, 372 Luster v. Retail Credit Co., 568 Lombardo v. Doyle, Dane & Bernbach, Luttrell v. United Telephone System, Inc., Inc., 349, 419 598 London Artists Ltd. v. Littler, 631 Lyle Stuart, Inc., v. Pinnacle Books, 277 Lone Ranger, Inc. v. Cox, 377, 382, 384 Lyman v. New England Newspaper Pub- Lone Ranger, Inc. v. Currey, 384 lishing Co., 511 Long v. Smithson, 140 Lyngstad v. Anabas Products, Ltd., 313 Lonrho Ltd. v. Shell Petroleum Co. Ltd., Lyon v. Izen, 91 192, 198 Lonrho Plc. v. Fayed, 197 M. v. Schmid Laboratories, Inc., 123 Lopez v. Southwest Community Health M. Bryce & Associates, Inc. v. Gladstone, Services, 24 339, 347 Lopez v. Univision Communications M.G. v. Time Warner, Inc., 457 Inc., 674 M. Rosenberg & Sons, Inc. v. Craft, 609 Lorain Journal Co. v. Milkovich, 673 MacDonald v. Clinger, 479 Lord Advocate v. The Scotsman Publica- MacDonald v. Joslyn, 724 tions Ltd., 337 Macintosh v. Dun, 613 Los Angeles Airways, Inc. v. Davis, 138 Macklin v. Logan, 160 Lough v. Outerbridge, 179 MacLeod v. Tribune Publishing Co., 505, Lough v. Ward, 93 510 Louis Kamm, Inc. v. Flink, 184 Madden v. Creative Services, Inc., 482 Loukas v. Young, 509 Magierowski v. Buckley, 100 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xxxiv

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Mahender Ram v. Harnandan Prasad, Mason v. Williams Discount Center, Inc., 556 472 Maicke v. RDH, Inc., 62 Massachusetts Society of Optometrists v. Maison Prunier v. Prunier’s Restaurant & Hatﬁeld, 191 Cafe, Inc., 295 Massee v. Williams, 556 Malik v. William Beaumont Hospital, 35 Masson v. New Yorker Magazine, Inc., Malone v. Belcher, 738 583, 655, 687 Man v. Warner Bros., Inc., 434 Masterson v. McCroskie, 353 Maniaci v. Marquette University, 738 Mastro Plastics Corp. v. Emenee Indus- Manor of Burlingame, Inc. v. SHCC, tries, Inc., 364 Inc., 289 Materese v. Moore-McCormack Lines, Mantia v. Hanson, 209 Inc., 396 Marble v. Chapin, 528, 556 Materia v. Huff, 667 Marchesi v. Franchino, 625 Matherson v. Marchello, 544, 549 Marciniak v. Lundborg, 123 Matson v. Margiotti, 597 Marcinkus v. Nal Publishing Inc., 430 Mattel, Inc. v. MCA Records, Inc., 306 Marcone v. Penthouse International Matthews v. Wozencraft, 429 Magazine for Men, 668 Mattingly v. Sheldon Jackson College, Margarine Union G.m.b.H. v. Cambay 223, 236 Prince Steamship Co. Ltd., 237 Matus v. Triangle Publications, Inc., 681 Margolin v. Morton F. Plant Hospital As- Maurice v. Snell, 22 sociation, Inc., 179 Maximus, Inc. v. Lockheed Information Marinovski v. Zutti Pty. Ltd., 224 Management Systems Co., Inc., 207 Maritote v. Desilu Productions, Inc., 425 Maybee v. Fisk, 542 Marks v. Bell Telephone Co. of Pennsyl- Mayfair Farms, Inc. v. Socony Mobile Oil vania, 439 Co., Inc., 257 Marks v. City of New York, 25 Maytag v. Cummins, 568 Marr v. Putnam, 533 Maytag Co. v. Meadows Manufacturing Marri v. Stamford Street Railroad Co., 12 Co., 263 Marshall, In re, 211 Mazatti v. Acme Products, Ltd., 514 Marshall v. Marshall, 211 McCabe v. Village Voice, Inc., 514 Martell v. White, 184, 185 McCarthy & Fisher, Inc. v. White, 353 Martin v. Municipal Publications, 489 McClean v. New York Press Co., Ltd., Martin v. Watson, 710 533 Martin v. Wilson Publishing Co., 691 McCone v. New England Telephone & Martin Luther King, Jr., Center for Social Telegraph Co., 610 Change, Inc. v. American Heritage McCormack v. Oklahoma Publishing Products, Inc., 424 Co., 403 Martinez v. City of Schenectady, 703, 757 McCormick v. England, 476 Martinez v. Democrat-Herald Publishing McCracken v. Evening News Association, Co., Inc., 485 628 Martinez v. Lewis, 245 McCulloch v. Lewis A. May (Produce Martino v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 243 Distributors) Ltd., 313 Marvin v. Marvin, 38 McCullough v. Cities Service Co., 544 Mashburn v. Collin, 637 McDaniel v. Atlanta Coca-Cola Bottling Masline v. New York, New Haven & Co., 440 Hartford Railroad Co., 391 McDonald’s Corp. v. Druck and Gerner, Mason v. Western Pennsylvania Hospital, 308 123 McDonald’s Corp. v. McBagel’s, Inc., 308 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xxxv

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McFarland v. Miller, 419 Meetze v. Associated Press, 449 McFarlane v. Sheridan Square Press, Inc., Meighan v. Shore, 241 655 Meikle v. Van Biber, 113 McFarlane v. Tayside Health Board, 123 Meiners v. Moriarity, 673 McFarlane v. Twist, 435 Mellor v. Scott Publishing Co., Inc., 681 McGarr v. National & Providence Melton v. Rickman, 738 Worsted Mills, 25 Melvin v. Pence, 719, 721 McGrady v. Rosenbaum, 97 Melvin v. Reid, 458 McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. v. Random Memphis Commercial Appeal, Inc. v. House, Inc., 277 Johnson, 534 McGregor-Doniger Inc. v. Drizzle Inc., Memphis Development Foundation v. Fac- 276 tors Etc., Inc., 420 McGuire v. East Kentucky Beverage Co., 68 Memphis Publishing Co. v. Nichols, 579, McGuire v. Roth, 543 686 McIntosh v. Barr, 51 Memphis Steam Laundry-Cleaners v. McIntosh v. City and County of Denver, Lindsey, 190 706 Memphis Steel Construction Co. v. Lis- McKeown v. Argetsinger, 62 ter, 25 McKernan v. Aasheim, 123 Menard v. Houle, 263, 265 McLaughlin v. United Railroads of San Mencher v. Chesley, 617 Francisco, 61 Mendillo v. Board of Education of the McManus v. Beckham, 568 Town of East Haddam, 34 McManus v. Doubleday & Co., Inc., 655, Mendoza v. B.L.H. Electronics, 38 691 Menefee v. Columbia Broadcasting Sys- McMillan v. Felsenthal, 88 tem, Inc., 249, 271 McNamara v. Freedom Newspapers, Inc., Mercury Record Productions, Inc. v. 452 Economic Consultants, Inc., 373 McNamara v. Pabst, 705 Merivale v. Carson, 638 McNary v. Chamberlain, 164 Merkur Island Shipping Corp. v. McNayr v. Kelly, 597 Laughton, 168 McNeill v. Hall, 184 Merriman v. Lewis, 622 McNelis v. Bruce, 88 Metall und Rohstoff A.G. v. Donaldson McNichol v. Grandy, 557 Lufkin & Jenrette Inc., 739 McNutt v. New Mexico State Tribune Metter v. Los Angeles Examiner, 465 Co., 464 Metzker v. Slocum, 241, 242 McPherson v. McCarrick, 744 Meyer v. Ewald, 715 McQuire v. Western Morning News Co., Meyer v. Hurwitz, 366 Ltd., 638 Meyn v. State, 243 Mead Data Central, Inc. v. Toyota Motor Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Ane, 658 Sales, U.S.A., Inc., 307 Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo, Meason v. Ralston Purina Co., 144 618 Mechanics’ Foundry & Machine Co. v. Michael v. Dunkle, 90 Lynch, 156 Michaels v. Gannett Co., Inc., 533 Medical Laboratory Management Consul- Michigan Central Railroad Co. v. Vree- tants v. American Broadcasting Com- land, 60 panies, Inc., 208, 443, 449, 456 Michigan United Conservation Clubs v. Medico v. Time, Inc., 629 CBS News, 489 Medly v. Strong, 37 Mid Continent Aircraft Corp. v. Curry Medonsa v. Time Inc., 408 County Spraying Service, Inc., 228 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/27/06 6:53 AM Page xxxvi

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Middlebrooks v. Curtis Publishing Co., Moore v. P.W. Publishing Co., 509 539 Moorgate Tobacco Co. Ltd. v. Philip Middlesex Concrete Products and Exca- Morris Ltd., 362 vating Corp. v. Carteret Industrial As- Moragne v. States Marine Lines, Inc., 57 sociation, 137 Moran v. Klatzke, 732 Midler v. Ford Motor Co., 376, 419 More v. Weaver, 593 Mihalik v. Duprey, 687 Moreno v. Crookston Times Printing Mikel v. Abrams, 480 Co., 630 Miles v. Jacob, 505 Morfessis v. Baum, 735 Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co., 269, 692, Morgan v. Lalumiere, 35 695, 697 Morra v. Hill, 173 Milkovich v. News-Herald, 673 Morris v. Bruney, 100 Millar v. Sollitt, 702 Morris v. Consolidation Coal Co., 480 Miller v. Brooks, 439 Morris v. Sanders Universal Products, Miller v. Estate of Sperling, 75 507 Miller v. Howe, 612 Morris Motors Ltd. v. Lilley, 281 Miller v. Mayberry, 65 Morrison v. Ritchie & Co., 528 Miller v. Monsen, 112 Morrissette v. Beatte, 506 Miller v. Motorola, Inc., 476 Morse v. Studin, 407 Miller v. Stern, 739 Morton v. Raphael, 354 Miller v. Universal Pictures Co., Inc., 349 Morvay v. Hanover Insurance Compa- Mills v. Denny, 584 nies, 245 Milohnich v. First National Bank of Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, Inc., 309 Miami Springs, 482 Mosler Safe Co. v. Ely-Norris Safe Co., Minniﬁeld v. Ashcraft, 405 315, 316 Minton v. Sackett, 211 Motherwell v. Motherwell, 441 Mintuck v. Valley River Band No., 164 Motschenbacher v. R.J. Reynolds To- Miskew v. Hess, 721 bacco Co., 418, 420 Miskunas v. Union Carbide Corp., 16 Motsenbocker v. Wyatt, 44 Mist v. Westin Hotels, Inc., 51 Mount Cook Group Ltd. v. Johnstone Mitchell v. Jolly, 87 Motors Ltd., 506 Mitchell v. Langley, 211 Moyer v. Phillips, 56 Mitchell v. Mitchell, 25 Moyle v. Frank, 623 Mogul Steamship Co., Ltd. v. McGregor, Mroczynski v. McGrath, 116 Gow, & Co., 174, 179, 184, 192, 203 Muirhead v. Industrial Tank Specialities Molien v. Kaiser Foundation Hospitals, Ltd., 238 22 Muller v. S.A. Associated Newspapers Molnar v. Star-Ledger, 629 Ltd., 506 Monitor Patriot Co. v. Roy, 672, 674 Multimedia WMAZ, Inc. v. Kubach, 452 Monopolies, Case of, 179 Multiplan Insurance Brokers (Pty.) Ltd. Monson v. Tussauds Ltd., 514 v. Van Blerk, 577 Montana v. San Jose Mercury News, Inc., Murphy v. Brentwood District Council, 430 238 Montesano v. Donrey Media Group, 465 Murphy v. Daytona Beach Humane Soci- Montgomery v. Stephan, 17 ety, Inc., 654 Mooney v. Johnson Cattle Co., Inc., 165 Murphy v. I.S.K. Con of New England, Mooney v. Mull, 712 93 Moore v. Big Picture Co., 404, 486 Murphy v. LaMarsh, 505 Moore v. Dispatch Printing Co., 627 Murray v. Brancato, 592 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xxxvii

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Murray v. National Broadcasting Co., National Institute, Inc., for the Improve- 391 ment of Memory v. Nutt, 351 Murray v. Rose, 349 National Life & Accident Insurance Co. Murray v. Schlosser, 507 v. Wallace, 147 Murray v. Shuter, 61 National Merchandising Corp. v. Leyden, Mussivand v. David, 105 131 Musto v. Bell South Telecommunications National Phonograph Co., Ltd. v. Edison- Corp., 572 Bell Consolidated Phonograph Co., Mutual Broadcasting Systems, Inc. v. Ltd., 161 Muzak Corp., 371 National Reﬁning Co. v. Benzo Gas Motor Mutual of Omaha Insurance Co., v. Fuel Co., 259, 521 Novak, 303 National Right to Life Political Action Myers v. Boston Magazine Co., Inc., 697 Committee v. Friends of Bryan, 146 Myers v. Pickering Firm, Inc., 550 National Surety Co. v. Page, 731 Myers v. The Telegraph, 628 National Telegraph News Co. v. Western Myhre v. Hessey, 716 Union Telegraph Co., 362 Nature’s Way Products, Inc. v. Nature- Nadel v. Play-By-Play Toys & Novelties, Pharma, Inc., 416 Inc., 392 Nazeri v. Missouri Valley College, 553 Nader v. General Motors Corp., 436, 440 NBC Subsidiary (KCNC-TV), Inc. v. Liv- Nagy v. Manitoba Free Press Co., 265 ing Will Center, 696 Nanji v. National Geographic Society, NCH Corp. v. Share Corp., 151 628 Nealis v. Baird, 72 Nash v. Keene Publishing Co., 675 Near v. Minnesota ex rel. Olson, 654 National Association for the Advance- Nebraska Innkeepers, Inc. v. Pittsburgh- ment of Colored People v. Claiborne Des Moines Corp., 238 Hardware Co., 185 Neely v. Boland Manufacturing Co., 367 National Association for the Advancement Nees v. Hocks, 744 of Colored People v. Overstreet, 185 Neighbors v. City of Birmingham, 706 National Association of Government Neiman-Marcus v. Lait, 543 Employees, Inc. v. Central Broadcast- Neiman-Marcus Co. v. Lait, 521 ing Corp., 510 Neinstedt v. Wetzel, 739 National Basketball Association v. Mo- Nelles v. The Queen in Right of Ontario, torola, Inc., 362, 368 706 National Crane Corp. v. Ohio Steel Tube Nelson v. Browning, 25 Co., 226 Nelson v. Jacobsen, 110 National Employment Service Corp. v. Nelson v. Miller, 719, 730 Olsten Stafﬁng Service, Inc., 151 Nelson v. Whitten, 600 National Football League v. Governor of Nemo Foundations, Inc. v. New River State of Delaware, 362 Co., 223 National Football League Properties, Inc. Nesler v. Fisher and Co., Inc., 164, 165, v. Consumer Enterprises, Inc., 366 209 National Football League Properties, Inc. Netherland-American Steam Navigation v. Wichita Falls Sportswear, Inc., 315 Co.v.Hollander, 24 National Foundation for Cancer Re- Neuberg v. Bobowicz, 13, 16 search, Inc. v. Council of Better Busi- Neutrogena Corp. v. Golden Ltd., 289 ness Bureaus, Inc., 669 Nevin v. Pullman Palace Car Co., 745, 750 National Hockey League v. Pepsi-Cola New England Patriots Football Club, Inc. Canada Ltd., 169 v. University of Colorado, 131 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xxxviii

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New England Telephone & Telegraph Co. Norton v. Macfarlane, 110 v. National Merchandising Corp., 366 Norvell v. Safeway Stores, Inc., 712 New England Tractor-Trailer Training of Norwest v. Presbyterian Intercommunity Connecticut, Inc. v. Globe Newspaper Hospital, 35 Co., 656, 683 Norwich Pharmacal Co. v. Sterling Drug, New England Wood Heel Co. v. Nolan, Inc., 286 156 Novick v. Becker, 720 New Jersey State Dental Society v. Den- Novosel v. Nationwide Insurance Co., tacure Co., 352 745 New Kids on the Block v. News America Nowell v. Universal Electric Co., 67 Publishing, Inc., 415 Nulle v. Gillette-Campbell County Joint New Thought Church v. Chapin, 299 Powers Fire Board, 34 New Times, Inc. v. Isaacks, 539, 655 Nzekwu v. Onowu, 703 New York & Rosendale Co. v. Coplay Ce- ment Co., 317 O’Brien v. Pabst Sales Co., 410 New York Society for the Suppression of O’Brien v. RKO Radio Pictures, Inc., 390 Vice v. MacFadden Publications, Inc., O’Brien v. Western Union Telegraph Co., 521 143, 567 New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 258, O’Grady v. Brown, 72 268, 490, 653, 654, 657, 672, 673, O’Neil v. Schukardt, 110 674, 686 O’Neill v. Department of Health and So- New York World’s Fair 1964-65 Corp. v. cial Services, 481 Colourpictures Publishers, Inc., 372 O’Shaughnessy v. Mirror Newspapers Newark Hardware & Plumbing Supply Ltd., 637 Co. v.Stove Manufacturers Corp., 173 Oakman v. Belden, 83, 86, 88 Newell v. Field Enterprises, Inc., 629, Oden v. Reader, 597 691 Odom v. East Avenue Corp., 751 Newman v. Alvord, 317 Ogren v. Employers Reinsurance Corp., Newson v. Henry, 670 542 Newstead v. London Express Newspaper, Oklahoma District Council of the Assem- Ltd., 534 blies of God of the State of Oklahoma, Nichols v. Item Publishers, Inc., 507 Inc. v. New Hope Assembly of God Nicols v. Pitman, 352 Church of Norman, Oklahoma, Inc., 297 Nienstedt v. Wetzel, 739 Oklahoma Publishing Co. v. Givens, 506 Niger Chemists Ltd. v. Nigeria Chemists, Oklahoma Utilities Co. v. City of 289 Hominy, 191 Nitzberg v. Zalesky, 142 Oles v. Pittsburgh Times, 578 Nixon v. Fitzgerald, 757 Oliver v. Stimson Lumber Co., 216, 243 Noble v. Bruce, 240 Onassis v. Christian Dior-New York, Inc., Norbrook Laboratories Ltd. v. King, 342 404 Nordling v. Northern States Power Co., Opera on Tour, Inc. v. Weber, 184 138 Orband v. Kalamazoo Telegraph Co., 529 Norman v. Massachusetts Bay Trans- Order of Owls v. Owls Club of McKees portation Authority, 35 Rocks, 299 Norris v. King, 469 Orkin Exterminating Co., Inc. v. Martin Northern Power & Engineering Corp. v. Co., 160 Caterpillar Tractor Co., 228 Orkin Exterminating Co. Inc. v. Pestco Norton v. Glenn, 691 Co. of Canada Ltd., 295 Norton v. Hines, 242 Orr v. Lynch, 691 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xxxix

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Ostro v. Safir, 556 Pavesich v. New England Life Insurance Over v. Schiffling, 623 Co., 402 Owens v. Clark, 542 Pawelek v. Paramout Studios Corp., 544 Owens-Illinois, Inc. v. Cook, 38 Pearson v. Dodd, 448 Oxford Book Co. v. College Entrance Peay v. Curtis Publishing Co., 485, 489 Book Co., 276 Pebble Brook, Inc. v. Smith, 186 Peck v. Tribune Co., 509, 534 Pace v. Bristol Hospital, 486 Pecue v. Collins, 604 Pacella v. Milford Radio Corp., 656 Pecue v. West, 604 Pacheco v. Delgardo, 25 Peek v. Northern Pacific Railroad Co., Page v. Something Weird Video, 415 190 Paidar v. Hughes, 271 Pelham v. Griesheimer, 239 Pallet v. Sargent, 576 Pendleton v. Time, Inc., 249 Palmer v. Atlantic Ice & Coal Corp., 179 Pennsylvania State University v. Univer- Palmer v. De Witt, 347, 353 sity Orthopedics, Ltd., 289 Palmer v. Schonhorn Enterprises, Inc., Penton v. Canning, 712 414 People Express Airlines, Inc. v. Consoli- Palmer Development Corp. v. Gordon, dated Rail Corp., 236 732 Peoples Bank and Trust Co. of Mountain Palmer Ford, Inc. v. Wood, 711 Home v. Globe International Publish- Pangburn v. Bull, 721 ing, Inc., 489 Pankratz v. Miller, 87 Peoples Security Life Insurance Co. v. Pankratz v. Willis, 98 Hooks, 147 Pappas v. Clark, 52 PepsiCo, Inc. v. Redmond, 331 Paramount Pictures Corp. v. Dorney Pepsico Inc. v. United Tobacco Co. Ltd., Park Coaster Co., 314 296 Paramount Pictures Corp. v. Howley, Perfect Fit Industries, Inc. v. Acme Quilt- 313 ing Co., Inc., 286 Parenting Unlimited Inc. v. Columbia Perfect Laundry Co. v. Marsh, 156 Pictures Television Inc., 302 Perks v. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., Paris v. Levy, 637 751 Park v. Chessin, 125 Perre v. Apand Pty. Ltd., 235 Parker v. Dzundza, 12 Perreault v. Lyons, 715 Parker-Knoll, Ltd. v. Knoll International, Peterson v. Idaho First National Bank, Ltd., 296 482 Parmiter v. Coupland, 504 Peterson v. New York Times Co., 674 Parsons v. Surgey, 624 Petrich v. McDonald, 719 Passaic Print Works v. Ely & Walker Dry- Petts v. Ison, 56 Goods Co., 179 Phantom Touring, Inc. v. Affiliated Pub- Patison v. Campbell, 66 lications, 696 Patrick v. Superior Court (Torres), 540 Philadelphia Dairy Products, Inc. v. Patrick v. Union State Bank, 242 Quaker City Ice Cream Co., 280 Patten v. Superior Talking Pictures, Inc., Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. v. Hepps, 384 464, 683, 686 Patusco v. Prince Macaroni, Inc., 44 Philadelphia Record Co. v. Leopold, 204, Paul v. Watchtower Bible and Tract Soci- 363 ety of New York, Inc., 218 Philadelphia Storage Battery Co. v. Pauling v. News Syndicate Co., Inc., 635 Mindlin, 300 Paulsen v. Personality Posters, Inc., 430 Phillips v. Community Tractor Co., 75 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xl

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Phillips v. Evening Star Newspaper Co., Port Packet Corp. v.Lewis, 686 629 Porten v. University of San Francisco, 476 Phillips v. Frey, 336 Porter v. Eyster, 624 Phillips v. Pantages Theatre Co., 212 Porterﬁeld v. Mascari II, Inc., 744 Philp v. Squire, 83 Posluns v. Toronto Stock Exchange, 143 Phoenix Newspapers, Inc. v. Choisser, Potomac Valve & Fitting Inc. v. Craword 630 Fitting Co., 697 Pick-’N-Pay Stores Ltd. v. Pick-’N-Pay Potter v. Van Vranken, 56 Superette (Pvt.) Ltd., 295 Pottstown Daily News Publishing Co. v. Pickett v. Walsh, 184 Pottstown Broadcasting Co., 361 Piedmont Cotton Mills, Inc. v. H.W. Ivey Poulos v. Poulos, 88 Construction Co., Inc., 163 Powder River Oil Co. v. Powder River Pe- Pienaar v. Argus Printing and Publishing troleum Corp., 290 Co. Ltd., 543 Powers v. Durgin-Snow Publishing Co., Pierce v. Conners, 60 513 Pierce v. Oard, 604 Pratt v. Daly, 16 Pietrafeso v. D.P.I., Inc., 687 Pratt v. Prodata, Inc., 208 Pigg v. Robertson, 341 Pratt & Whitney Canada, Inc. v. Shee- Pillsbury Co. v. Milky Way Productions, han, 228 308 Pre-Cam Exploration & Development Pillsbury-Washburn Flour Mills Co., v. Ltd. v. McTavish, 341 Eagle, 317 President and Trustees of Colby College Pink v. J.A. Sharwood and Co. Ltd., 296 v. Colby College-New Hampshire, 289 Pinkerton National Detective Agency, Presley v. Newport Hospital, 72 Inc. v. Stevens, 440 Presley v. Russen, 377 Pino v. Protection Maritime Insurance Price v. Sorrell, 165 Co., Ltd., 165, 205 Prill v. Hampton, 12 Pino v. Trans-Atlantic Marine, Inc., 205 Prince v. St. Francis-St. George Hospital, Piracci v. Hearst Corp., 576, 628 Inc., 479 Pitts v. Spokane Chronicle Co., 529 Prince Albert v. Strange, 349, 353 Pittsburgh Athletic Co. v. KQV Broad- Pring v. Penthouse International, Ltd., casting Co., 372 489, 539 Pizel v. Zuspann, 241 Prinsloo v. S.A. Associated Newspapers Pizza Management, Inc. v. Pizza Hut, Ltd., 510 Inc., 197 Procanik v. Cillo, 125 Place v. Searle, 83 Procter & Gamble Co. v. Amway Corp., Plain v. Plain, 22, 35 269, 683 Plante v. Engel, 93, 97 Prouty v. National Broadcasting Co., 384 Plato Films Ltd. v. Speidel, 582 Pruitt v. Allied Chemical Corp., 237 Pleas v. City of Seattle, 200 Public Affairs Associates, Inc. v. Rick- Pleau v. Simpson-Sears Ltd., 623 over, 352 Plourd v. Jarvis, 87 Puerto Rican Legal Defense Fund v. PMC, Inc. v. Saban Entertainment, Inc., Grace, 544 151 Pugach v. Borja, 702 Polaroid Corp. v. Polaraid, Inc., 303 Pullman Palace-Car Co. v. Cain, 750 Polin v. Dun & Bradstreet, Inc., 486 Purchasing Associates, Inc. v. Weitz, 329 Politte v. Politte, 95 Puritan-Bennett Corp. v. Pruitt, 324 Polzer v. TRW, Inc., 242 Pushman v. New York Graphic Society, Popko v. Continental Casualty Co., 599 Inc., 349 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xli

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Putnam v. Browne, 576 Reed v. Witvoet, 79 Pye v. Cardwell, 719 Reeves v. Alyeska Pipeline Service Co., Pyle v. Waechter, 98 392 Reeves v. Hanlon, 160 Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co., Reilly v. Rapperswill Corp., 409 Inc., 286 Reinforce, Inc. v. Birney, 150, 184 Quality Inns International, Inc. v. Mc- Religious Technology Center v. Woller- Donald’s Corp., 308 sheim, 342 Quelimane Co., Inc. v. Stewart Title REM Coal Co., Inc. v. Clark Equipment Guaranty Co., 147 Co., 228 Quest Diagnostics, Inc. v. MCI World- Remsburg v. Docusearch, Inc., 408, 465 Com, Inc., 235 Renfro Drug Co. v. Lawson, 600 Quezada by De Lamota v. Daily News, Renslow v. Mennonite Hospital, 72 485 Renwick v. News and Observer Publish- Quinby & Co. v. Funston, 272 ing Co., 494, 500 Quinlivan v. Brown Oil Co., 143 Republican Publishing Co. v. Mosman, Quinlivan v. Dail-Overland Co., 167 582 Quinn v. Walsh, 104 Reutkemeier v. Nolte, 103 Reynolds v. Times Newspapers Ltd., 612 R. v. Rule, 603 Rhodes v. Graham, 439 R.C.A. Corp. v. Pollard, 169, 192 Richard H. v. Larry D., 105 R.E.R. v. J.G., 105 Richardson v. Edgeworth, 79 Radley v. Le Ray Paper Co., 68 Richardson v. Gunby, 600 Raftery v. Scott, 113 Richey v. Brookshire Grocery Co., 711 Ramsey v. Cheek, 623 Richmond v. Southwire Co., 610 RAN Corp. v. Hudesman, 144 Richter v. Mack, 509 Rancho La Costa, Inc. v. Superior Court, Richter v. Westab, Inc., 392 669 Rickards v. Sun Oil Co., 234 Rand v. Hearst Corp., 416 Riding v. Smith, 249, 271, 272 Rand v. Miller, 245 Riley v. Askin & Marine Co., 556 Randleman v. Boeres, 712 Rinaldi v. Viking Penguin, Inc., 572 Ranous v. Hughes, 596 Ringling Bros.-Barnum & Bailey Com- Rapley v. Rapley, 716 bined Shows, Inc. v. B.E. Windows Rardin v. T & D Machine Handling, Inc., Corp., 309 235 Ringling Bros.-Barnum & Bailey Com- Ratcliffe v. Evans, 271 bined Shows, Inc. v. Celozzi-Ettelson Rathblott v. Levin, 241 Chevrolet, Inc., 309 Raum v. Restaurant Associates, Inc., 69 Rite Aid Corp. v. Lake Shore Investors, Rawlins v. Hutchinson Publishing Co., 131 458 Ritschy v. Garrels, 618 Rawlins v. McKee, 510 Rivtow Marine Ltd. v. Washington Iron Rawls v. Conde Nast Publications, Inc., Works, 226 420 Roach v. Harper, 439 Reckitt & Colman Products Ltd. v. Bor- Roback v. United States, 125 den Inc., 275 Roberson v. Rochester Folding Box Co., Reddi-Wip, Inc. v. Lemay Valve Co., 338 402 Redmond v. Sun Publishing Co., Inc., Roberts v. Dudley, 751 674 Roberts v. Williamson, 35 Redwing v. Moncravie, 12 Robertson v. Bennett, 533 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xlii

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Robey v. Sun Record Co., 136 Rowe v. Richards, 75 Robins Dry Dock & Repair Co. v. Flint, Royal Oil Co., Inc. v. Wells, 713 234 Royal Realty Co. v. Levin, 150 Robinson v. Econ-O-Corporation, Inc., rsc The Quality Measurement Co. v. 715 IPSOS-ASI, Inc., 215 Robinson v. Goudchaux’s, 720, 721 Ruble v. Ruble, 88 Robitaille v. Morse, 198 Rudnick v. Vokarty, 113 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Mu- Ruffalo v. United States, 97 seum, Inc. v. Gentile Productions, Rugg v. McCarty, 440 315 Rumney v. Worthley, 557 Rodriguez v. Bethlehem Steel Corp., 17 Rushing v. Bosse, 724 Rodriguez v. ECRI Shared Services, 246 Rusick v. Hicks, 112 Rodriguez v. Nishiki, 682 Russell v. Ford Motor Co., 228 Roe v. Catholic Charities of the Diocese Russell v. Ingersoll-Rand Co., 75 of Springifield, Illinois, 126 Russell v. Pawley, 637 Roe v. Operation Rescue, 173 Ryalls v. Leader, 629 Roe v. Wade, 72 Ryan, Elliott and Co., Inc. v. Leggat, Mc- Rogers v. Grimaldi, 429 Call & Werner, Inc., 135 Rogozinski v. Airstream by Angell, 686 Ryder v. Time, Inc., 666 Rolf v. Tri State Motor Transit Co., 35 Ronald M. Sharrow, Chartered v. State S.C. Posner Co. v. Jackson, 139 Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance S.C.M. (United Kingdom) Ltd. v. W.J. Co., 160 Whittall and Son Ltd., 235 Ronwin v. Shapiro, 628 Safarets, Inc. v. Gannett Co., Inc., 681 Rood v. Finney, 656 Safe Site, Inc. v. National Rifle Associa- Rookes v. Barnard, 197 tion of America, 637 Rose v. Borenstein, 272, 510 Said v. Butt, 138 Rose v. Daily Mirror, Inc., 511 Saldana v. Kelsey-Hayes Co., 448 Rose v. Kavanagh, 80 Samuelson v. Producers’ Distributing Rose v. Tholborn, 611 Co., Ltd., 363 Rosefield v. Rosefield, 91, 97 San Diego Building Trades Council v. Rosemont Enterprises, Inc. v. Urban Sys- Garmon, 156 tems, Inc., 414 Sanchez v. Lindsey Morden Claims Ser- Rosenblatt v. Baer, 529, 672, 674 vices, Inc., 245 Rosenbloom v. Metromedia, Inc., 654, Sanchez v. Schindler, 65 657, 658, 667, 680, 691 Sanchez-Scott v. Alza Pharmaceuticals, Roshto v. Hebert, 459 448 Ross v. Cuthbert, 51 Sanders v. Daniel International Corp., Ross v. Ebert, 218 714 Ross v. Midwest Communications, Inc., Sanford v. Boston Herald-Traveler Corp., 464 629 Ross v. Wright, 211 Santam Insurance Ltd. v. Ferguson, 79 Roth v. Farner-Brocken Co., 448 Santana v. Zilog, Inc., 72 Rothfield v. North British Railway Co., Santiago v. Greyhound Lines, Inc., 245 750 Sarkar, Application of, 324 Rotkiewicz v. Sadowsky, 673 Sarvold v. Dodson, 738 Rouch v. Enquirer & News of Battle Saskatoon Star Phoenix Group Inc. v. Creek, 612 Noton, 291 Roush v. Hey, 597 Saunders v. Alford, 110 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xliii

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Saunders v. Board of Directors, WHYY- Scutti Enterprises, LLC v. Park Place En- TV (Channel 12), 509 tertainment Corp., 207 Saunders v. Van Pelt, 681 Sea Harvest Corp. (Pty.) Ltd. v. & Irvin Sawyer v. Gilmer’s, Inc., 568 & Johnson Ltd., 363 Sayles Biltmore Bleacheries Inc. v. Narra- Sea-Land Services, Inc. v. Gaudet, 75 gansett Wiping Supply Co., 296 Seaboard Life Insurance Co. v. Babich, Scarzella v. Saxon, 22 236 Schaefer v. Lynch, 687 Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Co., 286, Schaffran v. Press Publishing Co., 628 367, 397 Schanbarger v. Kellogg, 701 Sebring v. Bell Telephone Co. of Pennsyl- Schiavone Construction Co. v. Time, vania, 24 Inc., 521, 628 Secrest v. Pacific Electric Railway Co., 74 Schieffelin & Co. v. Jack Co. of Boca, Seely v. White Motor Co., 228 Inc., 303 Seiber v. Pettitt, 90 Schier v. Denny, 719, 724 Seidel v. Greenberg, 705 Schlegel v. Ottumwa Courier, 550 Selders v. Armentrout, 63 Schlessman v. Schlessman, 404 Sell v. Hotchkiss, 25 Schlinkert v. Henderson, 597 Sellards v. Express-News Corp., 542 Schmidt v. Martin, 45 Sellars v. Stauffer Communications, Inc., Schmitz v. Aston, 611 668 Schmukler v. Ohio-Bell Telephone Co., Selleck v. City of Janesville, 12 440 Sellers v. Time Inc., 681 Schnabel v. Taft Broadcasting Co., Inc., Senogles v. Security Benefit Life Insur- 732 ance Co., 481 Schoellkopf v. Pledger, 138 Servo Corp. of America v. General Elec- Schoen v. Washington Post, 549 tric Co., 338 Schoenrock v. Cigna Health Plan of Ari- Sesler v. Montgomery, 599 zona, Inc., 74 Shaffer v. Stewart, 721 Scholberg v. Itnyre, 112 Shah v. Standard Chartered Bank, 578 Schomberg v. Walker, 638 Shamsky v. Garan, Inc., 404 Schoneweis v. Dando, 482 Shannon v. Taylor AMC/Jeep, Inc., 610 Schoolmaster Case, 178 Shapiro v. La Morta, 265, 271 Schott v. Westinghouse Electric Corp., Shapoff v. Scull, 138 396 Sharkey v. National Broadcasting Co., Schreiner v. Fruit, 22 434 Schrottman v. Barnicle, 506 Sharp v. Skues, 556 Schuchart & Associates, Professional En- Sharpe v. St. Luke’s Hospital, 244 gineers, Inc. v. Solo Serve Corp., 368 Sharpe v. Stephenson, 576 Schultz v. Butt, 362, 367 Sharum v. Sharum, 216 Schultz v. Frankfort Marine Accident & Shaw v. Time-Life Records, 286 Plate Glass Insurance Co., 548 Shedd v. Patterson, 719 Schuyler v. Curtis, 424 Sheehan v. Pima County, 61 Schwartz v. Time, Inc., 681 Sheffill v. Van Deusen, 560 Schweiker v. Chilicky, 757 Sheftall v. Central of Georgia Railway Schweizerishe Kaeseunion Bern v. Saul Co., 624 Starck, Inc., 317 Shelby v. Sun Printing and Publishing Schwennen v. Abell, 52 Association, 511 Scott v. Hull, 568 Sheldon Appel Co. v. Albert & Oliker, Scott v. Marshall, 45 730 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xliv

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Shellmar Products Co. v. Allen-Qualley SK&F Co. v. Premo Pharmaceutical Lab- Co., 338 oratories, Inc., 276 Shenkman v. O’Malley, 609, 614, 637 Skopp v. First Federal Savings of Wil- Shepherd v. Consumers Cooperative As- mette, 507 sociation, 13 Slee v. Simpson, 719 Shepherd v. Wakeman, 272 Slim v. Daily Telegraph Ltd., 636 Sheppard v. McAllister, 68 Slocinski v. Radwan, 614 Sherlock v. Stillwater Clinic, 123 Slusher v. Oeder, 104 Sherman v. International Publications, Smith v. Atkinson, 243 Inc., 637 Smith v. Atlas Off-Shore Boat Service, Sherman v. Korff, 45 Inc., 744 Shibley v. Time, Inc., 408 Smith v. Brennan, 72 Shields v. Booles, 744 Smith v. Calvary Christian Church, 473 Shiels v. Audette, 47 Smith v. Chanel, Inc., 366 Shihab v. Express-News Corp., 573 Smith v. Cincinnati Post & Times-Star, Shiles v. News Syndicate Co., 629 439 Shinglemeyer v. Wright, 600 Smith v. Copley Press, Inc., 673 Shockley v. Prier, 34 Smith v. Cote, 125 Short v. News-Journal Co., 629 Smith v. Dravo Corp., 336 Shostakovich v. Twentieth Century-Fox Smith v. Dunlop Tire & Rubber Co., Film Corp., 530 600 Shreve v. Faris, 12 Smith v. Ford Motor Co., 156 Shulman v. Group W Productions, Inc., Smith v. Jones, 556 447, 448, 449, 456 Smith v. McBride, 66 Siciliano v. Capital City Shows, Inc., 34 Smith v. Recrion Corp., 391 Sidis v. F-R Publishing Corp., 469 Smith v. Smith, 529 Siemieniec v. Lutheran General Hospital, Smith v. Suratt, 408 125 Smith v. Vilvarajah, 35 Simeonov v. Tiegs, 430 Smith Bros. & Co. v. W.C. Agee & Co., Simmons v. University of Chicago Hos- 613 pitals and Clinics, 68 Smith-Hunter v. Harvey, 703 Simmons First National Bank v. Abbott, Smitha v. Gentry, 212 74 SmithKline Beecham Corp. v. Doe, 244 Simonelli v. Anderson Concrete Co., 744 Snead v. Redland Aggregates Ltd., 683 Simonsen v. Swenson, 480, 612 Snepp v. United States, 342 Simpson v. Attorney-General, 242 Snider v. Newell, 103 Simpson v. Calivas, 241 Socialist Workers Party v. Attorney Gen- Sims v. Davis, 56 eral of United States, 449, 744 Sims v. Kent, 715 Societe Comptoir De L’Industrie Coton- Sims v. Kiro, Inc., 529 niere, Establissements Boussac v. Sinatra v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Alexander’s Department Stores, Inc., 376 366 Sindorf v. Jacron Sales Co., Inc., 604, 682 Societe Des Produits Nestle, S.A. v. Casa Singh v. MacDonald, 710 Helvetia, Inc., 281 Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Co., 468 Soffos v. Eaton, 719 Sisemore v. Neal, 13 Sorkin v. Lee, 124 Sisler v. Gannett Co., Inc., 681 Sousa v. Davenport, 507 Sivulich v. Howard Publications, Inc., South Arkansas Petroleum Co. v. 628 Schiesser, 710 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xlv

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South Australian Telecasters Ltd. v. Stannard v. McCool, 135 Southern Television Corp. Ltd., 277 Stansbury v. Beckstrom, 186 South Carolina State Ports Authority v. Stanwyck v. Horne, 724 Booz-Allen & Hamilton, Inc., 246 Stapleton v. Palmore, 13 Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Stark v. Hamilton, 93 Co.v.Coastal Transmission Service, State v. Time, Inc., 522 Inc., 272, 506 State ex rel. LaFollette v. Hinkle, 416 Southern Christian Leadership Confer- State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance ence, Inc. v. A.G. Corp., 186 Co.v.Ford Motor Co., 227, 228 Spahn v. Julian Messner, Inc., 429 State of Louisiana ex rel. Guste v. M/V Spangler v. Booze, 703 Testbank, 234 Spartan Steel & Alloys Ltd. v. Martin & Steak Bit of Westbury, Inc. v. Newsday, Co.(Contractors) Ltd., 236 Inc., 681 Speakers of Sport, Inc. v. ProServ, Inc., Steaks Unlimited, Inc. v. Deaner, 669 179, 205 Steding v. Battistoni, 404 Speaks v. Southern Railway Co., 750 Steed v. Imperial Airlines, 62 Speck v. Finegold, 116 Steele v. Williams, 556 Spectra Architectural Group Ltd. v. El- Steer v. Lexleon, Inc., 629 dred Sollows Consulting Ltd., 136 Steinman v. Di Roberts, 510 Speed Seal Products Ltd. v. Paddington, Stella Foods, Inc. v. Superior Court 738 (Cacique, Inc.), 207 Spellens v. Spellens, 736 Stephano v. News Group Publications, Spence v. Funk, 506 Inc., 431 Spencer v. Amerton, 613 Stephen K. v. Roni L., 124 Spencer v. Relph, 83 Stephens v. Avery, 482 Spielberg v. Kuhn & Brother, 614 Stern v. Delphi Internet Services Corp., Spitler v. Young, 672 409 Sports and General Press Agency, Ltd. v. Stevens v. Kitchener, 619 “Our Dogs” Publishing Co., Ltd., 372 Stevens v. Midland Counties Railway Spring v. Guardian Assurance Plc., 246, Co., 716 265 Stevens v. Sampson, 630 Spring Steels, Inc. v. Molloy, 328 Stevenson v. East Ohio Gas Co., 234 Springer v. Swift, 599 Steward v. Gold Medal Shows, 93 Springer v. Viking Press, 539 Stickles v. Manss, 104 Sprouse v. Clay Communication, Inc., Stills v. Gratton, 126 578, 656 Stinson v. Physicians Immediate Care, Squeezit Corp. v. Plastic Dispensers, Inc., Ltd., 243 285 Stone v. Essex County Newspapers, Inc., St. Amant v. Thompson, 654, 691 649, 658, 672, 674 St. Clair v. Eastern Airlines, Inc., 61 Stone v. Wall, 97 St. Johnsbury & Lake Champlain Rail- Stop & Shop Companies, Inc. v. Fisher, road Co. v. Hunt, 173 237 St. Paul Title Co. v. Meier, 242 Stoudt v. Shepherd, 103 Stack v. Marcum, 22 Stouts Mountain Coal Co. v. Grubb, 712 Stafford v. Muster, 702 Stover v. Journal Publishing Co., 630 Staley v. Rife, 711 Straitwell v. National Steel Corp., 610 Standke v. B.E. Darby & Sons, Inc., 672 Street v. National Broadcasting Co., 670 Stanley v. Columbia Broadcasting Sys- Stripling v. Literary Guild, 674 tem, Inc., 390 Strode v. Gleason, 100 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xlvi

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Stromer v. Yuba City, 237 Stuart v. Bell, 611 Tabor v. Hoffman, 323 Stuart v. Coldwell Banker Commercial Tacket v. Delco Remy Division of Gen- Group, Inc., 227 eral Motors Corp., 549 Stubbs v. Mulholland, 715 Tacket v. General Motors Corp., 568 Stukuls v. State, 593 Tamposi Associates, Inc. v. Star Market Suburban Gas of Grand Junction, Inc. v. Co., Inc., 130 Bockelman, 328 Tappen v. Ager, 735 Suburban Trust Co. v. Waller, 482 Tarleton v. M’Gawley, 172 Suchey v. Stiles, 715 Tas-T-Nut Co. v. Variety Nut & Date Co., Sullivan v. Baptist Memorial Hospital, 276 558 Tate v. Browning-Ferris, Inc., 751 Sullivan v. Conway, 696 Tate v. Canonica, 79 Sullivan v. Ed Sullivan Radio & T.V., Inc., Tavener Rutledge v. Trexapalm Ltd., 313 302 Tavlinsky v. Ringling Bros. Circus Co., 93 Sullivan v. Pulitzer Broadcasting Co., 494 Taylor v. Hawkins, 623 Sullivan v. Sullivan, 560 Taylor v. K.T.V.B., Inc., 458 Summerfield v. Superior Court, 72 Taylor v. Keefe, 110 Summit Hotel Co. v. National Broadcast- Taylor v. National Broadcasting Co. Inc., ing Co., 563 429 Summit Machine Tool Manufacturing Team Central, Inc. v. Teamco, Inc., 143 Corp.v.Victor CNC Systems, Inc., Teichner v. Bellan, 619 364 Teilhaber Manufacturing Co. v. Unarco Sumwalt Ice Co. v. Knickerbocker Ice Materials Storage, 269 Co., 143 Television New Zealand Ltd. v. Ah Koy, Sun Printing & Publishing Association v. 583 Schenck, 582 Tellado v. Time-Life Books, Inc., 409 Sunward Corp. v. Dun & Bradstreet, Telnikoff v. Matusevitch, 638 Inc., 681 Telstra Corp. Ltd. v. Royal & Sun Al- Superwood Corp. v. Siempelkamp Corp., liance Insurance Ltd., 276 226 Temperton v. Russell, 135 Sussman v. Damian, 592 Temple Community Hospital v. Superior Sutton v. Huffman, 103 Court, 216 Swager v. Couri, 138 Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Co. v. Swann v. Rary, 576 Kelly, 157 Sweeney v. Smith, 138 Tenta v. Guraly, 135 Sweet v. Post Publishing Co., 628 Terry v. Dairymen’s League Co-operative Sweezy v. McBrair, 280 Association, Inc., 148, 162 Swinton Creek Nursery v. Edisto Farm Testing Systems, Inc. v. Magnaflux Corp., Credit, ACA, 473 256 Sydney v. MacFadden Newspaper Pub- Tex Smith, The Harmonica Man, Inc. v. lishing Corp., 529 Godfrey, 262 Sykes v. John Fairfax & Sons Ltd., 382, Texaco, Inc. v. Pennzoil, Co., 151 420 Texas Beef Group v. Winfrey, 258 Sylvis v. Miller, 556 Thacker Coal & Coke Co. v. Burke, 156 Synercom Technology, Inc. v. University Thayer v. Kitchen, 211 Computing Co., 368 Theaker v. Richardson, 557 System Operations, Inc. v. Scientific Thibodeau v. Design Group One Archi- Games Development Corp., 249 tects, LLC., 751 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xlvii

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Thiel v. Dove, 533 Torres v. El Paso Electric Co., 215 Thomas v. Kaufmann’s, 624 Torski v. Mansfield Journal Co., 628 Thomas v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., Tose v. First Pennsylvania Bank, N.A., 391 165 Thomas v. Ratiner, 150 Totalizator Agency Board v. Turf News Thompson v. Beacon Valley Rubber Co., Pty. Ltd., 302 715 Tournier v. National Provincial and Thompson v. Estate of Petroff, 56 Union Bank of England, 482 Thompson v. Farley, 543 Tower Special Facilities, Inc. v. Invest- Thompson v. G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 416 ment Club, Inc., 733 Thompson v. Seaboard Air Line Railway, Town & Country Properties, Inc. v. Rig- 234 gins, 416 Threefoot v. Nuckols, 712 Tow n of Freetown v. New Bedford Tidal Western Oil Corp. v. Shackelford, Wholesale Tire, Inc., 238 143 Tozer v. Child, 743 Tiernan v. Charleston Area Medical Cen- Tracy v. New York Magazine, 505 ter, Inc., 208 Trade ‘N Post, L.L.C. v. World Duty Free Tiffany & Co. v. Boston Club, Inc., 307 Americas, Inc., 207 Tiffany & Co. v. Tiffany Productions, Traditional Cat Association, Inc. v. Inc., 302 Gilbreath, 569, 572 Tilley v. Hudson River Railroad Co., 61 Trails West, Inc. v. Wolff, 681, 682 Time, Inc. v. Firestone, 657, 666, 682 Tranchina v. Arcinas, 739 Time, Inc. v. Hill, 490 Trans States Airlines v. Pratt & Whitney Time, Inc. v. Life Television Corp., 303 Canada, Inc., 228 Time, Inc. v. McLaney, 681 Transport Corp. Of America, Inc. v. In- Times Mirror Co. v. Superior Court, ternational Business Machines Corp., 464 Inc., 236 Timmis v. Bennett, 593 Trautwein v. Harbourt, 216, 218 Tinkoff v. Campbell, 597 Treeby v. Gorman, 522 Titan Sports, Inc. v. Comics World Tri-Continental Leasing Co. v. Neid- Corp., 430 hardt, 140 Tittlebaum v. Boehmcke, 103 Triangle Film Corp. v. Artcraft Pictures Todd v. Sandidge Construction Co., 69 Corp., 130 Toft v. Ketchum, 725 Triangle Publications, Inc. v. Rohrlich, 303 Tolley v. J.S. Fry and Sons, Ltd., 509 Tribune Publishing Co. v. Hyde, 465 Tomei v. Finley, 299 Trimble v. City and County of Denver, Tommy Hilfiger Licensing, Inc. v. Nature 165 Labs, LLC., 304 Tripoli v. Boston Herald-Traveler Corp., Tommy L. Griffin Plumbing & Heating 668 Co.v.Jordan, Jones & Goulding, Inc., Troman v. Wood, 658 237 Troppi v. Scarf, 124 Tonnessen v. Denver Publishing Co., 583 Trow v. Thomas, 24 Toohey v. Hollier, 12 Troy Publishing Co., Inc. v. Norton, 691 Tool Research and Engineering Corp. v. True v. Ladner, 673 Henigson, 730, 731 Trump Taj Mahal Associates v. Top Service Body Shop, Inc. v. Allstate In- Costruzioni Aeronautiche Giovanni surance Co., 159, 186, 198, 203, 204, Agusta, S.p.A., 62 211 Tsiopoulos v. Commercial Union Assur- Tornroos v. R.H. White Co., 25 ance Co., 739 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xlviii

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Tucker v. Kilgore, 674 United Truck Leasing Corp. v. Geltman, Turbessi v. Oliver Iron Mining Co., 702 144 Tureen v. Equifax, Inc., 475 United Yacht Brokers, Inc. v. Gillespie, Turf Lawnmower Repair, Inc. v. Bergen 150 Record Corp., 658 Unitel Communications Inc. v. Bell Turley v. W.T.A.X., Inc., 673 Canada, 257 Turnbull v. Herald Co., 577 University Computing Co. v. Lykes- Turner v. Brien, 579 Youngstown Corp., 337 Turner v. KTRK Television, Inc., 687 University of Arizona Health Sciences Turpin v. Sortini, 125 Center v. Superior Court, 123 Tuttle v. Buck, 189 University of Notre Dame Du Lac v. Tuttle v. Short, 56 Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp., Twentieth Century Sporting Club, Inc. v. 308, 429 Transradio Press Service, Inc., 372 Uptown Heights Associates Limited Part- Twiggar v. Ossining Printing & Publish- nership v. Seafirst Corp., 190 ing Co., 505 Uranga v. Federated Publications, Inc., Two Rivers Co. v. Curtiss Breeding Ser- 466 vice, 227 Utah State Farm Bureau Federation v. Ty Inc. v. Perryman, 281 National Farmers Union Service Tyne v. Time Warner Entertainment Co., Corp., 510 409 Valella v. Benedetto, 578 U.S. Healthcare, Inc. v. Blue Cross of Van Camp Chocolates Ltd. v. Ausle- Greater Philadelphia, 268, 269, 683 brooks Ltd., 193 Uhl v. Columbia Broadcasting Systems, Van Dyke v. KUTV, 673 Inc., 486, 494 Van Heeren v. Cooper, 703, 712 Uhlaender v. Henricksen, 412, 415 Van Wiginton v. Pulitzer Publishing Co., Ulvig v. McKennan Hospital, 56 511 Union National Bank of Little Rock v. Van-Go Transport Co., Inc. v. New York Kutait, 735 City Board of Education, 557 Union Oil Co. v. Oppen, 237 Vanderberg v. Kansas City, Mo., Gas Co., United Insurance Co. of America v. Mur- 750 phy, 550 Vanderbilt v. Mitchell, 405 United Merchants and Manufacturers v. Vandertoon v. Booner, 668 Bromley Fabrics, 364 Vantassell-Matin v. Nelson, 540 United States v. Atlantic Coast Line Rail- Varelis v. Northwestern Memorial Hospi- road Co., 220 tal, 74 United States v. Standard Oil Co., 223 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. v. Delfino, United States v. Stanley, 757 669 United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co. v. Varner v. Morton, 548 Millonas, 150 Varnish v. Best Medium Publishing Co. United States for Use and Benefit of Los Inc., 485 Angeles Testing Laboratory v. Rogers Vasseur v. Eunice Superette, Inc., 735 & Rogers, 236 Vector Research, Inc. v. Howard & United States Golf Association v. Arroyo Howard Attorneys, P.C., 757 Software Corp., 363 Veeder v. Kennedy, 110 United States Golf Association v. St. An- Vegod Corp. v. American Broadcasting drews Systems, Data Max, Inc., 362 Companies, Inc., 669 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page xlix

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Ventura County Humane Society for the Wallis v. Smith, 124 Prevention of Cruelty to Children and Wallulis v. Dymowski, 599 Animals, Inc. v. Holloway, 241 Walter A. Wood Mowing & Reaping Ma- Vermaak v. Van der Merwe, 558 chine Co. v. Toohey, 156 Vermaas v. Pelser, 533 Wandt v. Hearst’s Chicago American, Vernars v. Young, 448 506 Vescovo v. New Way Enterprises, Ltd., Ward v. Baskin, 44 441 Ward v. Mid-West & Gulf Co., 266 Victoria Park Racing & Recreation Ward Telecommunications and Com- Grounds Co. Ltd. v. Taylor, 372 puter Services, Inc. v. State, 596 Videotronics, Inc. v. Bend Electronics, Waring v. WDAS Broadcasting Station, 347 350 Vigil v. Rice, 624 Warner v. Great Atlantic & Paciﬁc Tea Villers v. Monsley, 513 Co., Inc., 12 Vincent Horwitz Co. v. Cooper, 160 Warner Bros. Inc. v. American Broad- Virgil v. Sports Illustrated, 469 casting Companies, Inc., 384 Virgil v. Time, Inc., 469 Warner Bros. Inc. v. Gay Toys, Inc., 314 Vitale v. National Lampoon, Inc., 514, Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc. v. Columbia 667 Broadcasting System, Inc., 384 Vitro v. Mihelcic, 35 Warner Lambert Co. v. McCrory’s Corp., Vittands v. Sudduth, 738 276 Vizetelly v. Mudie’s Select Library, Ltd., Warren v. Mendy, 131 561, 563 Warwick Development Co., Inc. v. GV Vogel v. W.T. Grant Co., 475 Corp., 739 Volkswagenwerk AG v. Hoffman, 280 Washburn v. Wright, 510 Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft v. Washington v. New York News Inc., 681 Church, 290 Washington Post Co. v. Kennedy, 534 Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft v. Waste Conversion Systems, Inc. v. The Bug Hospital, Inc., 280, 290 Greenstone Industries, Inc., 138 Volt Services Group v. Adecco Employ- Water Services, Inc. v. Tesco Chemicals, ment Services, Inc., 204 Inc., 329 Vulcan Materials Co., Inc. v. Driltech, Watson v. Peoples Security Life Insur- Inc., 228 ance Co., 744 Wattigny v. Lambert, 682 Wabash Railroad Co. v. Young, 208 Wayment v. Clear Channel Broadcasting, Waits v. Frito-Lay, Inc., 419 Inc., 667 Wakley v. Cooke, 577 Weaver v. Union Carbide Corp., 105 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Sturges, 207 Webb v. Times Publishing Co. Ltd., 630 Waldron v. Sperry, 702 Webster v. Wilkins, 696 Waldroup v. Lindman, 147 Wedgwood Homes, Inc. v. Lund, 309 Walker v. Colorado Springs Sun, Inc., Weener v. Brayton, 299 658, 681 Weicker v. Weicker, 104 Walker v. Cronin, 170 Weidman v. Ketcham, 556, 560 Walker v. Grand Central Sanitation, Inc., Weight-Rite Golf Corp. v. United States 550 Golf Association, 168, 190 Walker v. Martin, 702 Weinberg v. Pollock, 505 Walker v. Rinck, 72 Weintraub v. Brown, 123 Walker by Pizano v. Mart, 125 Weller & Co. v. Foot and Mouth Disease Wallace v. Wallace, 72 Research Institute, 235 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page l

lTABLE OF CASES

Wells v. Liddy, 668 Williams v. Spautz, 738 Wendt v. Lentz, 103 Williams v. State, 126 West v. City of San Diego, 21 Williams v. Ward, 24 West v. Lind, 381 Williams v. Webb, 716 West v. Media General Convergence, Williams v. Weisser, 352 Inc., 495 Williams v. Williams, 739 West v. Peoples Banking & Trust Co., 610 Willing v. Mazzocone, 263 Westby v. Madison Newspapers, Inc., Willis v. Roche Biomedical Laboratories, 510 Inc., 245 Western Technologies, Inc. v. Sverdrup & Willis v. Santa Ana Community Health Parcel, Inc., 250, 266 Association, 179 Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Preston, Wilson v. Capital City Press, 631 75 Wilson v. O’Neal, 705 Westfall v. Erwin, 597 Wilson v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Westfield Development Co. v. Rifle In- Co., 686 vestment Associates, 165 Wilson Certified Foods, Inc. v. Fairbury Wexler v. Greenberg, 328 Food Products, Inc., 319 Wheaton v. Guthrie, 12 Wilton v. Webster, 91 Wheeler v. Dell Publishing Co., 539, 572 Wilts United Dairies, Ltd. v. Thomas Wheeler v. Green, 658, 682 Robinson Sons & Co., Ltd., 281 White v. Apsley Rubber Co., 738 Winchester v. Fleming, 83 White v. Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Winchester Repeating Arms Co. v. Butler Massachusetts, Inc., 558 Bros., 281 White v. Jones, 241 Windsor Roman Catholic Separate White v. M/V Testbank, 234 School Board v. Southam Inc., 522 White v. Mellin, 251 Windsor Securities, Inc. v. Hartford Life White v. Nellis, 104 Insurance Co., 168 White v. Samsung Electronics America, Wineworths Group Ltd. v. Comite Inter- Inc., 420 professionel du Vin de Champagne, Whitehead v. General Telephone Co., 25 317 Whiteley v. Webb’s City, 57 Winkler v. V.G. Reed & Sons, Inc., 147 Whyte v. Schlage Lock Co., 331 Winnipeg Condominium Corp. v. Bird Widgeon v. Eastern Shore Hospital Cen- Construction Corp. Ltd., 226 ter, 756 Winter v. DC Comics, 435 Wiesel v. Cicerone, 67 Winternitz v. Summit Hills Joint Ven- Wiffen v. Bailey, 701 ture, 168 Wilkinson v. McGhee, 712 Wisniski v. Ong, 712 Wilkinson v. Powe, 140, 167 Witty v. American General Capital Dis- Willard v. Claborn, 130 tribution, Inc., 72 Willey v. Alaska Packers Association, 57 WJLA-TV v. Levin, 560 William Edge & Sons, Ltd. v. William Woestendiek v. Walker, 658, 681 Niccolls & Sons, Ltd., 275 Wojtowicz v. Delacorte Press, 403, 452 William R. Warner & Co. v. Eli Lilly & Wolf v. Perry, 139 Co., 280 Wolfson v. Lewis, 440 Williams v. Chittenden Trust Co., 135 Wolston v. Reader’s Digest Association, Williams v. Daily Review, Inc., 636 Inc., 658, 666, 667, 675 Williams v. Dub Ross Co., 751 Women Golfer, Inc. v. Meredith Corp., Williams v. Mersey Docks and Harbour 397 Board, 75 Wong v. Tabor, 730, 733 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page li

TABLE OF CASES li

Wood v. Alves Service Transportation, Yordon v. Savage, 25 Inc., 67 Yost v. Torok, 719, 740 Wood v. Bailey, 735 Young v. Greneker Studios, Inc., 404, Wood v. Detroit Edison Co., 68 430 Wood v. Graves, 735 Young v. Jackson, 472 Wood v. Hustler Magazine, Inc., 489, Young v. Macrae, 250 490 Younger v. Solomon, 739 Wood v. Wood, 97 Youngs Drug Products Corp. v. Dean Woodﬁeld v. Providence Hospital, 600 Rubber Manufacturing Co., 272 Woolworths Ltd. v. Crotty, 53, 57 Youst v. Longo, 212 Worley v. Oregon Physicians Service, 532, 610 Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Wrench LLC v. Taco Bell Corp., 392, 398 Co., 350, 434 Wright v. Grove Sun Newspaper Co., Zaharias v. Gammill, 97 Inc., 629 Zamos v. Stroud, 720 Wright v. Rosenbaum, 543 Zarrella v. Robinson, 112 Wright v. Standard Oil Co., Inc., 41 Zbyszko v. New York American, Inc., 514 Write v. Coules, 270 Zebley v. Storey, 702 Wyatt Earp Enterprises, Inc. v. Sackman, Zeck v. Spiro, 673 Inc., 310, 385 Zelenka v. Benevolent and Protective Wycko v. Gnodtke, 65 Order of Elks of United States, 218 Wyman v. Wallace, 100 Zepeda v. Zepeda, 126 Wynberg v. National Enquirer, Inc. 583 Zeran v. America Online, Inc., 567 Wynn v. Cole, 625 Zerangue v. TSP Newspapers, Inc., 674 Wynn v. Smith, 629 Zimmerman v. B. & C. Motel Corp., 287 Wynne v. Orcutt Union School District, Zimmerman v. Holiday Inns of America, 481 Inc., 293 Wynne v. Rosen, 702 Zinda v. Louisiana Paciﬁc Corp., 472, 614 X v. Attorney-General, 481 Zinn v. Rice, 732 X v. Y, 457, 480 Zito v. American Federation of Musi- cians of the United States and Canada, Y.G. v. Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, 452 613 Yancey v. Hamilton, 697 Zostautas v. St. Anthony de Padua Hos- Yates v. Joyce, 211 pital, 57 Yellow Cab Co. v. Creasman, 290 Zwicker v. Altamount Emergency Room Yetman v. English, 696 Physicians Medical Group, 38 Yoder v. Workman, 597 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page lii 0 kutner 3e front matter cx 10/26/06 7:20 AM Page liii

Preface

The first-year Torts course is a fixture of American legal education. This course is primarily concerned with tort remedies for personal injury and property damage. Most of the torts concerned with intangible harm are never examined. They cannot be, in the hours allotted to the first-year course. Thus, students are never exposed to such major subjects as defamation, the rights of privacy and publicity, harm to family relationships, malicious prosecution, interference with common law civil rights, injurious falsehood, liability for economic loss, interference with contract, misappropriation of trade secrets, unfair competition and other business torts. For these subjects—now the principal “growth areas” of tort liability—one or more courses for upperclass students must be offered. This book is designed primarily for an Advanced Torts course addressing the subjects mentioned above. It is also appropriate for courses and seminars on economic torts (or business torts), using Chapters 2, 3, 4 and the first section of Chapter 5; defamation and privacy, using Chapters 5 and 6; and the family and tort law, using Chapter 1. None of the casebooks published for the first-year course is suitable for these purposes— hence the need for an Advanced Torts casebook. The influence of Dean Leon Green, who introduced a casebook on “injuries to relations” in 1940, must be acknowledged. His concept of injuries to relations, which en- compasses all the subjects covered in our book, is outlined in the introductory chapter. Some theories of tort liability for economic harm, such as misrepresentation, tortious breach of contract and wrongful discharge from employment, do not involve interference with a “relational interest” and are not addressed in this book. Practical reasons for their exclusion are the impossibility of covering both these torts and a good variety of other “advanced torts” in a single course and the likelihood that they will be addressed in other courses, such as Remedies. The format of the book is the familiar one of principal cases followed by textual notes. The materials emphasize the facts and decisions of reported cases rather than secondary sources, such as law review commentaries. The principal cases have been substantially edited. Deletions of text, other than citations and footnotes, are indicated by ellipses. Editors’ footnotes are followed by “[Ed.].” Apart from subject-matter, the main respect in which this book differs from other casebooks is the inclusion of cases from outside the United States. They are included for the same reasons as American cases: their roles as legal precedents and value for instruc- tional purposes. In addition, use of non-American cases and treatises makes the point that for many subjects, including Torts, the law is “common,” not “American,” and cases and literature from other countries with common law legal systems are sources of law and legal analysis for the United States.

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liv PREFACE

This involves more than noting that American law and the law of other places once within the British Empire have foundations in the common law of England, or making references to old, familiar English cases. It means that it is necessary for Americans to undertake research of modern law and literature from common law jurisdictions outside the United States and utilize the results of this research in writing, teaching and practice. It strikes us as strange that practitioners and academics will spare no effort to ﬁnd some precedent in the lower courts of distant American states but ignore the possi- bility that there are relevant decisions by such eminent courts as the (English) Court of Appeal, Supreme Court of Canada and High Court of Australia.

We wish to express our appreciation to all of the many persons who assisted and en- couraged us in the production of the present edition and previous editions of this book. For the present edition we particularly acknowledge the efforts of the Faculty Support Staff of the University of Oklahoma College of Law, the librarians and personnel of the law library of the University of Oklahoma and other libraries at which research for the book was conducted, Lisa Bowles, student research assistants (now graduates of the College of Law), and Keith Sipe, Linda Lacy, Tim Colton and staff of Carolina Acade- mic Press. We thank the Richard-Wagner-Museum, Photofest, Professor William M. Roberts of Memphis State University, the Special Collections/Archives of the University Library, University of Louisiana at Monroe, and Professor Darin Fox, Director of the University of Oklahoma Law Library, for providing photographs used as illustrations in the book. Speciﬁc credits appear with each photograph. Excerpts from the Restatement of Torts are Copyright 1934, 1938, 1939 by The American Law Institute. Excerpts from the Re- statement (Second) of Torts are Copyright 1965, 1977, 1979 by The American Law In- stitute. Excerpts from the Restatement of Unfair Competition are Copyright 1995 by The American Law Institute. Excerpts from the Restatement of the Law Governing Lawyers are Copyright 2000 by The American Law Institute. Reprinted with the permission of The American Law Institute. All rights reserved. Basic Concepts: Persons, Prop- erty, Relations, by Leon Green, is Copyright 1938 by the American Bar Association. Reprinted with permission from ABA Journal, The Lawyer’s Magazine.

P.B.K. O.M.R.