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Une Analyse Médiatique D'une Controverse Environnementale: Le Cas Du Restaurant Gilligan Dans Le Parc Provincial De La Plage Parlee Au N.-B

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Une Analyse Médiatique D'une Controverse Environnementale: Le Cas Du Restaurant Gilligan Dans Le Parc Provincial De La Plage Parlee Au N.-B UNE ANALYSE MEDIAT1QUE D'UNE CONTROVERSE ENVIRONNEMENTALE : LE CAS DU RESTAURANT G1LLIGAN DANS LE PARC PROVINCIAL DE LA PLAGE PARLEE AU N.-B. THESE PRESENTEE A LA FACULTE DES ETUDES SUPERIEURES ET DE LA RECHERCHE EN VUE DE L'OBTENTION DE LA MAITRJSE EN ETUDES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT SEBASTIEN DOIRON PROGRAMME DE MAITRISE EN ETUDES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT FACULTE DES ETUDES SUPERIEURES ET DE LA RECHERCHE UNIVERSITE DE MONCTON JANVIER 2009 Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-50668-4 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-50668-4 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur la protection de la vie privee, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this thesis. ont ete enleves de cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires in the document page count, aient inclus dans la pagination, their removal does not represent il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant. any loss of content from the thesis. Canada COMPOSITION DU JURY President: Yves Gagnon Titulaire de la Chaire K.-C- Irving en developpement durable / Directeur du programme de la Maitrise en etudes de l'environnement Universite de Moncton Examinateur hors Steve Plante Developpement regional programme : social et territorial Universite du Quebec a Rimouski Directeur de these Omer Chouinard Departement de sociologie / Maitrise en etudes de l'environnement Universite de Moncton Co-directeur de these Sebastian Weissenberger TELUQ - Science et technologie Universite du Quebec a Montreal Autre membre du jury : Chedly Belkhodja Departement de science politique Universite de Moncton A Chantal Remerciements Je tiens a remercier, dans un premier temps, mes directeurs de these, Omer Chouinard et Sebastian Weissenberger, qui m'ont encadre et appuye toute au long de mes etudes a la MEE; ils m'ont apporte une aide inestimable. Je vous manifeste ma reconnaissance pour votre supervision ainsi que vos conseils qui m'ont guide jusqu'a la fin de ce programme. Je veux egalement remercier Marie-Linda Lord de m'avoir aide a mieux comprendre la presse et le travail joumalistique. Je veux remercier Sylvain de m'avoir encourage a suivre des cours pour me tenir occupe et Andre de m'avoir ecoute parle de la plage Parlee. Je veux egalement remercier toute l'equipe de la Commission Beaubassin pour leur appui constant. Merci a Mars de m'avoir donne acces aux archives du Pare de la plage Parlee, a Barry qui est toujours la avec les cartes, a Amelie de savoir judicieusement choisir le bon mot, a Ricky d'avoir lu ma these et discute joumalisme avec moi et, finalement, a Maurice de m'avoir encourage a perseverer jusqu'a la fin. li Abreviations AN - L 'Acadie Noitvelle CAB - Commission d'amenagement Beaubassin CAMEU - Commission d'appel en matiere devaluation el d'urbanisme DSL - District de service local EIE - Etude d'impact environnemental Etoile - L 'Etoile du Sud-Esl, ou L 'Etoile de Shediac GIEC - Groupe intergouvememental d'experts sur 1'evolution du climat LSU - Loi sur I'urbanisme du Nouveau-Brunswick Moniteur - Le Moniteur Acadien SLRNB - « Impacts de Felevation du niveau de la mer et du changement climatique sur la zone cotiere du sud-est du Nouveau-Brunswick » TJ - Telegraph-Journal 7T - Times & Transcript Table des matieres Remerciements jj Abreviations iii Table des matieres iv Resume vii Introduction 1 Cadre theorique 2 1. L'ENVIRONNEMENTCOMMESUJETMEDIATIQUE 3 2. LA SCIENCE ENVIRONNEMENTALE CONFRONTEE A LA PSEUDO-SCIENCE 4 3. LE GIEC COMME REFERENCE SC1ENTIF1QUE 6 4. LA ZONE COTIERE ET L'INFLUENCE HUMAINE SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT COTIER 8 Question de recherche 10 Hypothese de travail 10 Revue de la litterature sur le traitement mediatique des questions environnementales 10 Methodologie 15 Chapitre premier 19 HISTORIQUE DU SITE ETUD1E 19 L 'occupation du sol par les Amerindiens 20 L'etablissement des Acadiens jusqu 'a I'incorporation de Shediac 21 La ville de Shediac au temps de la plage Belliveau 23 Le Pare provincial de la plage Parlee 26 Plan directeur 1970 27 Plan directeur 1976 28 Plan directeur 1997 30 Conclusion de I'historique du site etudie 32 SCIENCE ET ZONE COTIERE 33 La science environnementale dans la zone cotiere de la plage Parlee 33 L 'etude « Impacts de I 'elevation du niveau de la mer et du changement climatique sur la zone cotiere du sud-est du Nouveau-Bmnswick » 35 L'elevation de la mer 36 Les ondes de tempetes 37 La modelisation des ondes de tempetes et le systeme de LiDAR 40 L'erosion cotiere 41 Impacts sur 1'ecosysteme 43 Impacts socioeconomiques 44 Strategies d'adaptation 46 L'Association dubassin versant de la baie de Shediac 47 Partenaires et associations 48 Chapitre deux 50 L'ANALYSE MEDIATIQUE DU CORPUS DOCUMENTA1RE 50 iv Le choix des journaux 50 I'identification du corpus documentaire 5/ La frequence de partition et la proximite 53 Autresjournaux 53 Les temps forts de la controverse 54 LE PROFIL, L'ANALYSE ET LES POLITIQUES D'INFORMATION DES JOURNAUX 55 Le Moniteur Acadien 55 L'EtoileduSud-Est 57 L'Acadie Nouvelle 5* Le Times & Transcript 61 Le Telegraph-Journal 64 ANALYSE DES ED1T0R1AUX 66 Le contenu des editoriaux 67 Les positions des journaux telles que presentees dans lews editoriaux 75 Chapitre trois 80 LA NATURE DU TRAITEMENT MEDIATIQUE 80 LES ARGUMENTS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX PRESENTES DANS LES JOURNAUX 83 La nature et l'ecosysteme 83 L'eau 86 Les dunes 87 La plage 88 Les etudes d'impact environnemental 89 LA GOUVERNANCE ET LES INSTITUTIONS 93 Le plan directeur 93 Leselus 94 La Loi sur I'urbanisme (LSU) 97 La Commission d'amenagement Beaubassin (CAB) 99 La saga juridique 101 L' ASPECT SOCIOECONOMIQUE 106 L'economie 107 Le permis d'alcool 107 La privatisation 108 L'opposition 109 La conclusion du debat 110 Conclusion 112 CONCLUSION RELATIVE A L'HYPOTHESE ET AUX OBJECT1FS DE RECHERCHE 112 CONCLUSION RELATIVE A LA NATURE DU TRAITEMENT MEDIATIQUE 113 v Liste des tableaux TABLEAU 1 L'ENSEMBLE DES ARTICLES TRAITANTDUCASGILLIGAN'S : UN CORPUS DOCUMENTAIRE 52 TABLEAU 2 LE POURCENTAGE D'ARTICLES TRAITANT DU CAS ETUDIE 52 TABLEAU 3 LA FREQUENCE MOYENNE DE PARUTION DES ARTICLES TRAITANT DU CAS ETUDIE 53 TABLEAU 4 LES ARTICLES DU MONITEVR ACADJEN PAR ORDRE DE PRESENTATION, AINSI QUE LE NOMBRE DE PHOTOS 55 TABLEAU 5 LES ARTICLES DE L 'ETOILE DJVISE PAR ORDRE DE PRESENTATION, AINSI QUE LE NOMBRE DE PHOTOS 57 TABLEAU 6 LES ARTICLES DE L'ACADIE NOUVELLE PAR ORDRE DE PRESENTATION DANS LE JOURNAL AINSI QUE LE NOMBRE DE PHOTOS 59 TABLEAU 7 LES ARTICLES DU TIMES & TRANSCRIPT PAR ORDRE DE PRESENTATION DANS LE JOURNAL, AINSI QUE LE NOMBRE DE PHOTOS 63 TABLEAU 8 LES ARTICLES DU TELEGRAPH-JOURNAL PAR ORDRE DE PRESENTATION DANS LE JOURNAL, AINSI QUE LE NOMBRE DE PHOTOS 65 TABLEAU 9 LE NOMBRE DE MENTIONS DANS LES DIFFERENTES SECTIONS DES JOURNAUX A L'ETUDE 66 TABLEAU 10 LE NOMBRE D'EDITORIAUX PAR JOURNAUX DANS L'ENSEMBLE DU CORPUS DOCUMENTAIRE. 67 TABLEAU 11 ORDRE CHRONOLOGIQUE DES EDITORIAUX ETUDIES, PARUS EN 2005 70 TABLEAU 12 TABLEAU DES TROIS GRANDS THEMES PRESENTS DANS LE CORPUS DOCUMENTAIRE 82 TABLEAU 13 UNECHRONOLOGIE DES PERMISET DES APPELS 101 Liste des figures FIGURE l PHOTO DE LEBLANC ET LEGER, P. 89,2003 25 FIGURE 2 PHOTO DE LEBLANC ET LEGER, P. 91, 2003 26 FIGURE 3 CARTE DE L'ELEVATION RELATIVE DU NIVEAU DE LA MER DANS LA REGION DES MARJTIMES 34 FIGURE 4. RISQUE D'INONDATIONS DES PROPRIETES, NIVEAU D'EAU A 3,0 M AU-DESSUS DU ZERO DU MAN, STRUCTURES EXISTANTES 37 FIGURE 5 SCENARIO D'INONDATION A POINTE-DU-CHENE LE 21 JANVIER 2000, AVEC UN NIVEAU D'EAU DE 2,55 M (MAN). (ENVIRONNEMENT CANADA [2004]) 39 FIGURE 6 LES TROIS GRANDS THEMES RETROUVES DANS LES ARTICLES ETUDIES, ET LEURS SOUS-THEMES. 81 Listes des annexes ANNEXE 1 CARTE DU DISTRICT DE LA CAB 121 ANNEXE 2 CARTE DU PLAN DIRECTEUR DE 1997 122 ANNEXE 3 LE MON1TEUR ACAD1EN 123 ANNEXE 4 L'ETOILE DUSUD-EST 127 ANNEXE 5 VACADIE NOUVELLE 130 ANNEXE 6 LE TIMES <& TRANSCRIPT 133 ANNEXE 7 LE TELEGRAPH-JOURNAL 136 ANNEXE 8 ZONE DE « PRESERVATION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT » 138 ANNEXE 9 CARTE DE LA DISTANCE ENTRE LE RESTAURANT ET LA DUNE 141 VI Resume Cette etude porte sur la controverse qui a entoure la construction du restaurant Gilligan's dans le Pare provincial de la plage Parlee, situe pres des limites de la ville de Shediac dans le district local de Pointe-du-Chene, au Nouveau-Brunswick.
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