DOCSLIB.ORG

Locating Russia in the Emerging Geopolitics of Central Asia: Mapping India’S Options

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Locating Russia in the Emerging Geopolitics of Central Asia: Mapping India’S Options LOCATING RUSSIA IN THE EMERGING GEOPOLITICS OF CENTRAL ASIA: MAPPING INDIA’S OPTIONS Thesis submitted to the Central University of Punjab For the award of Doctor of Philosophy In South and Central Asian Studies BY Mudasir Mubarik Supervisor Dr. Bawa Singh Centre for South and Central Asian Studies School of Global Relations Central University of Punjab, Bathinda August, 2019 i CERTIFICATE I declare that the thesis entitled, “Locating Russia in the Emerging Geopolitics of Central Asia: Mapping India’s Options” has been prepared by me under the guidance of Dr. Bawa Singh, Assistant Professor, Central for South and Central Asian Studies, School of Global Relations, Central University of Punjab. No part of this thesis has formed the basis for the award of any degree or fellowship previously. Name and signature of candidate Centre for South and Central Asia, School of Global Relations, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda ‐ 151001. Date: ii CERTIFICATE I certify that Mudasir Mubarik has prepared his thesis entitled, “Locating Russia in the Emerging Geopolitics of Central Asia: Mapping India’s Options”, for the award of Ph.D. degree of the Central University of Punjab, under my guidance. He has carried out this work at the Centre for South and Central Asian Studies, School of Global Relations, Central University of Punjab. Dr. Bawa Singh Centre for South and Central Asian Studies School of Global Relations Central University of Punjab, Bathinda‐151001. Date: iii ABSTRACT Locating Russia in the Emerging Geopolitics of Central Asia: Mapping India’s Options Name of student: Mudasir Mubarik Registration number: CUP/MPhil-Ph.D/SGR/SCA/2011-12/05 Degree for which submitted: Doctor of Philosophy Name of Supervisor: Dr. Bawa Singh Name of Centre: Centre for South and Central Asian Studies Name of School: School of Global Relations Russia’s relationship with the Central Asian region has been established since the recorded history. The former had colonized the region and established its exclusive control for more than 200 years. India on the other hand, had been sharing long historical and civilizational bonds with the region as it has been falling on the old Silk Route. However, the collapse of the Soviet Union (1991) and the subsequent emergence of Central Asian countries as sovereign states led to a saga of drastic changes in the geopolitical milieu of the region. Russia had lost its superpower status, as it had been entrapped in political, economic and security conundrum. Consequently, Russia had altogether ignored the CARs and drifted towards the West and supranational institutions to restore its state machinery. Thus, the former had adopted a passive approach towards the latter in response to the Euro-Atlantic tilt that had drastically impacted the bilateral and regional engagements. On the other hand, India’s engagements with Russia and the Central Asia had undergone a paradigmatic shift. In this milieu, power vacuum was created in Eurasia that led to New Great Game in the region, which again obligated both Russia and India to engage with the Central Asian region given their multifaceted interests at stake. Given the geopolitical, geostrategic and geo-economic significance of the Central Asia as well as the power vacuum left by the Soviet retreat, enticed the major powers and regional actors towards this region. Indeed, the interests of the US, China, Turkey, Iran, India, and Pakistan, have been counterpoising with each other to enhance their respective influence. The battle for gaining their multifaceted interests has turned the region into a strategic fulcrum, wherein China has been increasingly strengthening its geopolitical, geostrategic and geo-economic leverages and thereby, challenging the US, Russia and India in the region. Unlike China, the US has been also consistently trying to restrict the multifaceted interests of Russia and rising influence of China. On the other hand, Russia has been considering the region as its backyard and an area of privileged interests. Furthermore, the regional countries like Iran, Turkey, and Pakistan have been playing their cards to enhance their respective footprints in the Central Asian region. To protect and promote their respective multifaceted interests, the regional actors have also been taking sides with the major stakeholders. In the changing geopolitical dynamics, the time-tested friends India and Russia, have realized their reciprocal interests to rejuvenate their ties both at bilateral and at regional levels. For India-Russia relationship, the regional developments present the compatibility of mutual interests, particularly in Central Asia. Simultaneously, Indian strategic maneuvering has been taken by other way around by Russia. It creates a iv peculiar situation between India and Russia in the Central Asia. Moreover, the growing strategic proximity between Russia and China and in recent times with Pakistan has been poising a significant challenge for India in the region. In this background, the present study, therefore, examines changing relationship between Russia and CARs in the post-Cold War era. It also evaluates the multifaceted interests of the US, China, Iran, Turkey, Pakistan and India in the region and how Russia has been reciprocating their strategic maneuvers has also been examined. Moreover, given Russia’s leading geostrategic leverage in the CARs, it becomes more interesting to see, how India- Russia relationship has been going in general and in context of Central Asia in particular. Furthermore, the study examines about how Russia acts as a bridge between India and Central Asia. At last, it is difficult to say with certainty that either it is only lack of political willingness or geopolitics of the region which is responsible for the low level of engagements amongst Russia, Central Asia and India. At this juncture, it is argued that lack of regional connectivity is the major challenge of the low level of engagements. Moreover, the existing lack of political will as well as the rising geopolitics of the region could be held responsible for the same. In order to come out of this quagmire, the three regions needed to come together on one platform geopolitically, geo-economically and geo-strategically. The three might potentially turn the regional geopolitical conundrum in their favor, which may become one of the most gigantic economic zones by exploiting the untapped sea of opportunities. In this way, a new world order would be created that may be more suitable for promoting regional peace, harmony and development which has been a prerequisite for safeguarding their multifaceted geostrategic interest in the region. Key Words: Russia, Central Asia, New Great Game in Central Asia, Russia’s Rebalancing Reciprocations, India’s Challenges and Options. (Name and signature of student) (Name and signature of supervisor) v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to all, those who supported and helped me through this thesis and made it very precious memorable experience. First of all, it is a pleasure for me to thank Almighty Allah, for making it possible. I would like to utilize this platform to thank my parents. It is due to their support that I was able to withstand the difficulties faced during the research period. I pay my deep gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Bawa Singh, Assistant Professor and officiating (HOD), Centre for South and Central Asian Studies, School of Global Relations, Central University of Punjab, who helped me fine tune this research. Without his academic support, constant guidance and inspiration this study “locating Russia in the Emerging Geopolitics of Central Asia: Mapping India’s Options” would not have seen the light of the day. I am immensely gratified to Dr. Nishtha Kaushiki, Dr. Rajinder Kumar, and Dr. Naresh Singla who have assisted me in successful completion of this thesis. My most sincere thanks to the Vice Chancellor, Prof. R.K Kohli, Dean Academic Affair, Prof. P. Rama Rao and Prof. R. Wusirika. It’s my pleasure to acknowledge Library staff Dr. Bhupinder Singh Brar and staff members of Computer Centre and Administrative Block who provided necessary help during my work. I also appreciate the efforts of my elder sisters Mufeeda Mubarik and Rumeesa Mubarik, and younger brother Zahid Mubarik who encouraged me to complete this piece of work. I would also like to express my gratitude to my friends especially to Abdul Rouf Bhat, Shahbaz, Hilal, Parvaiz, Sandeep, Amandeep and Mudassir Bashir for their kind cooperation and encouragement in the completion of this thesis. Mudasir Mubarik vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Srl Content Page No. No. 1 Title I 2 Certificate II 3 Declaration III 4 Abstract IV 5 Acknowledgment V 6 Table of Contents VI 7 List of Tables VII 8 List of Figures VIII 9 List of Abbreviations IX 10 Chapter- One 1-15 Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Theoretical Conceptualization 2-3 1.3 Significance of Central Asian Region 3-4 1.4 The Changing Dynamics of Russia-Central Asia Relationship 4-5 1.5. Geopolitics in Central Asia: Russia’s Reciprocations 5-6 1.6. India’s Interests in Central Asia 7-8 1.7. India-Russia Convergences and Divergences in Central Asia 8-10 1.8. India’s Foreign Policy Towards Central Asia: Challenges and 10-11 Options 1.9 Research Objectives 11-12 1.10 Research Questions 12 1.11 Research Methodology 12-13 1.12. Significance of the Study 13-14 1.13 Organization of the Chapters 14-15 11 Chapter- Two 16-32 Review of literature 2.1-2.4 Literature Review 16-31 2.5 Knowledge Gap 32 vii 12 Chapter- Three 33-57 Profiling Central Asian Republics (CARs): Conceptualizing in Geopolitical Settings 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 The Collapse of the Soviet Union: Emergence of the Central Asian 33-37 Republics (CARs) 3.3. Defining Central Asian Republics (CARs) 38-39 3.4. Profile of Central Asia: An Overview 40-41 3.5 CARs in the Barbs: Sea Saw Polity Model 41-44 3.6 The Economies of the CARs 44-46 3.7 Socio-Cultural Composition of Central Asia 47-48 3.8.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Selected Works of Chokan Valikhanov Selected Works of Chokan Valikhanov
    SELECTED WORKS OF CHOKAN VALIKHANOV CHOKAN OF WORKS SELECTED SELECTED WORKS OF CHOKAN VALIKHANOV Pioneering Ethnographer and Historian of the Great Steppe When Chokan Valikhanov died of tuberculosis in 1865, aged only 29, the Russian academician Nikolai Veselovsky described his short life as ‘a meteor flashing across the field of oriental studies’. Set against his remarkable output of official reports, articles and research into the history, culture and ethnology of Central Asia, and more important, his Kazakh people, it remains an entirely appropriate accolade. Born in 1835 into a wealthy and powerful Kazakh clan, he was one of the first ‘people of the steppe’ to receive a Russian education and military training. Soon after graduating from Siberian Cadet Corps at Omsk, he was taking part in reconnaissance missions deep into regions of Central Asia that had seldom been visited by outsiders. His famous mission to Kashgar in Chinese Turkestan, which began in June 1858 and lasted for more than a year, saw him in disguise as a Tashkent mer- chant, risking his life to gather vital information not just on current events, but also on the ethnic make-up, geography, flora and fauna of this unknown region. Journeys to Kuldzha, to Issyk-Kol and to other remote and unmapped places quickly established his reputation, even though he al- ways remained inorodets – an outsider to the Russian establishment. Nonetheless, he was elected to membership of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society and spent time in St Petersburg, where he was given a private audience by the Tsar. Wherever he went he made his mark, striking up strong and lasting friendships with the likes of the great Russian explorer and geographer Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov-Tian-Shansky and the writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky.
    [Show full text]
  • Cross-Regional Cooperation in Shaping a Resilient Economic Recovery” Tuesday 30 March 2021 EXECUTIVE REPORT
    PAM - TURKPA Virtual Parliamentary Meeting “Cross-regional cooperation in shaping a resilient economic recovery” Tuesday 30 March 2021 EXECUTIVE REPORT SUMMARY On 30 March 2021, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean (PAM) and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Turkic-Speaking Countries (TURKPA) jointly organised a high- level virtual meeting on “Cross-regional cooperation in shaping a resilient economic recovery”. The event took place in the context of the PAM-TURKPA partnership, which was consolidated in December 2020 through the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding. The initiative was also supported by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (PABSEC). The objective of the meeting was to exchange policies and legislative strategies to strengthen institutional cooperation and accelerate the economic recovery in PAM and TURKPA regions. The event gathered over a hundred participants, including, inter alia, representatives of national parliaments from the PAM, TURKPA and PABSEC Member States, delegates from other regional and international parliaments, and representatives from the scientific community and the private sector. The event also convened wide participation from senior officials of different United Nations Agencies and major international organisations and financial institutions. For further information please contact / Pour davantage de précisions, prière de contacter - email : [email protected] https://www.pam.int/ OPENING REMARKS Hon. Javanshir Feyziyev, Member of the TURKPA Commission on Legal Affairs and International Relations Hon. Feyziyev opened the event highlighting the importance of international cooperation in facing the negative economic consequences spurred by the pandemic. “The Covid-19 pandemic is a global threat which requires global answers,” stated Hon. Feyziev, “this is why it’s very important for interregional cooperation to prevent negative economic trends.” In his final remarks, Hon.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014 CEU Political Science Journal 9(1-2): 16-38 CEU Political Science Journal
    THE NOTION OF “KAZAKHNESS” BEHIND THE SYMBOLIC NATION-BUILDING OF KAZAKHSTAN Narek Mkrtchyan Yerevan State University Abstract The paper deals with the processes of overcoming Russian ‘colonial’ impediments to the creation of symbolic spaces for the emergence of a new national self- consciousness in Kazakhstan. The paper highlights the importance of Nazarbaev’s decision to transfer to and construct a new capital Astana in fostering the ideas of national identity and ethnic belonging. Therefore, an attempt has been made to observe the phenomena of urbanization and reformulation of state symbols in explaining both ethnic and civic mechanisms of influences on people’s consciousness. Additionally, the works of various Kazakh intellectuals and cultural figures have been taken into consideration to examine the notion of Kazakhness and its’ contribution to the development of the Kazakh national identity. Content analysis of architectural design of Astana and state symbols is essential to understand the vision of Kazakhstan’s imagined future. Keywords: Astana, post-Soviet, post-colonial, national identity, nation building 1. Introduction After the breakdown of the Soviet Empire all post-communist regimes emphasized the role of ethno nationalism in establishing new nation-building projects. The model of Kazakhstan’s nation building is quite unique in terms of harmonious interethnic coexistence of a multiethnic society. Since independence President Nazarbaev initiated serious programs in an effort to start active nation-building processes. As a matter of fact, Nazarbaev’s nation and state building policies are represented for the Kazakhs as a civilizational endeavor. Nazarbaev took Kazakhstan through large scale administrative, legislative, social, economic and political reforms.
    [Show full text]
  • Kamu Terim Bankası
    TÜRKÇE-İNGİLİZCE Kamu Terim Ban•ka•sı Kamu kurumlarının istifadesine yönelik Türkçe-İngilizce Terim Bankası Term Bank for Public Institutions in Turkey Term Bank for use by public institutions in Turkish and English ktb.iletisim.gov.tr Kamu Terim Ban•ka•sı Kamu kurumlarının istifadesine yönelik Türkçe-İngilizce Terim Bankası Term Bank for Public Institutions in Turkey Term Bank for use by public institutions in Turkish and English © İLETİŞİM BAŞKANLIĞI • 2021 ISBN: 978-625-7779-95-1 Kamu Terim Bankası © 2021 CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI İLETİŞİM BAŞKANLIĞI YAYINLARI Yayıncı Sertifika No: 45482 1. Baskı, İstanbul, 2021 İletişim Kızılırmak Mahallesi Mevlana Bulv. No:144 Çukurambar Ankara/TÜRKİYE T +90 312 590 20 00 | [email protected] Baskı Prestij Grafik Rek. ve Mat. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. T 0 212 489 40 63, İstanbul Matbaa Sertifika No: 45590 Takdim Türkiye’nin uluslararası sahada etkili ve nitelikli temsili, 2023 hedeflerine kararlılıkla yürüyen ülkemiz için hayati öneme sahiptir. Türkiye, Sayın Cumhurbaşkanımız Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’ın liderliğinde ortaya koyduğu insani, ahlaki, vicdani tutum ve politikalar ile her daim barıştan yana olduğunu tüm dünyaya göstermiştir. Bölgesinde istikrar ve barışın sürekliliğinin sağlanması için büyük çaba sarf eden Türkiye’nin haklı davasının kamuoylarına doğru ve tutarlı bir şekilde anlatılması gerekmektedir. Bu çerçevede kamu kurumları başta olmak üzere tüm sektörlerde çeviri söylem birliğini sağlamak ve ifadelerin yerinde kullanılmasını temin etmek büyük önem arz etmektedir. İletişim Başkanlığı, Devletimizin tüm kurumlarını kapsayacak ortak bir dil anlayışını merkeze alan, ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde bütünlüklü bir iletişim stratejisi oluşturmayı kendisine misyon edinmiştir. Bu doğrultuda Başkanlığımız kamu sektöründe yürütülen çeviri faaliyetlerinde ortak bir dil oluşturmak, söylem birliğini sağlamak ve çeviri süreçlerini hızlandırmak amacıyla çeşitli çalışmalar yapmaktadır.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Turkish Soft Power Diplomacy in the Current Development of Central Asia Pjaee, 17 (7) (2020)
    THE ROLE OF TURKISH SOFT POWER DIPLOMACY IN THE CURRENT DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRAL ASIA PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020) THE ROLE OF TURKISH SOFT POWER DIPLOMACY IN THE CURRENT DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRAL ASIA A.Sh. Sharipov, PhD Student, Center on Contemporary History of Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan A.Sh. Sharipov; The role of Turkish Soft Power Diplomacy in the current development of Central Asia-- Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 17(7). ISSN 1567-214x Keywords: Central Asia, Turkey, foreign policy, soft power, economic and cultural cooperation etc. Abstract: This article discusses the role and importance of Turkey's ‘soft power’ diplomacy in the development of Central Asia, the work done in recent years, its impact and significance for the countries of the region in general. The article analyzes the directions, mechanisms and tools of ‘soft power’ in Turkish foreign policy. The impact of Turkey's ‘soft power’ policy on the socio-economic, political and cultural life of Central Asian countries has been studied. Unlike other geopolitical actors active in Central Asia, Turkey does not have the financial resources to pursue a ‘soft power’ policy. But its linguistic and ethno-cultural closeness to the Turkic-speaking peoples prevails. The study shows that the emergence of the notion of a ‘reliable partner’ in the attitude of the countries of the region towards Turkey in recent years has played a major role. In conclusion, Turkey's ‘soft power’ diplomacy is aimed at shaping and strengthening of ‘image’ in Central Asia. This is mainly in the cultural and humanitarian sphere.
    [Show full text]
  • Isaacs 2009 Between
    RADAR Oxford Brookes University – Research Archive and Digital Asset Repository (RADAR) Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy may be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. No quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. You must obtain permission for any other use of this thesis. Copies of this thesis may not be sold or offered to anyone in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright owner(s). When referring to this work, the full bibliographic details must be given as follows: Isaacs, R. (2009). Between informal and formal politics : neopatrimonialism and party development in post-Soviet Kazakhstan. PhD thesis. Oxford Brookes University. go/radar www.brookes.ac.uk/ Directorate of Learning Resources Between Informal and Formal Politics: Neopatrimonialism and Party Development in post-Soviet Kazakhstan Rico Isaacs Oxford Brookes University A Ph.D. thesis submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Law Oxford Brookes University, in partial fulfilment of the award of Doctor of Philosophy March 2009 98,218 Words Abstract This study is concerned with exploring the relationship between informal forms of political behaviour and relations and the development of formal institutions in post- Soviet Central Asian states as a way to explain the development of authoritarianism in the region. It moves the debate on from current scholarship which places primacy on either formal or informal politics in explaining modern political development in Central Asia, by examining the relationship between the two.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkpa: Promising Or Vague Future?
    TurkPA: Promising or Vague Future? According to experts, the Parliamentary Assembly of Turkic-Speaking Countries works only nominally and the reason is in officials who don’t raise relevant issues and don’t solve real problems. Follow us on LinkedIn th Photo: CABAR.asiaIn early April, the 7 meeting of the Commission on Economic Cooperation of the Parliamentary Assembly of Turkic-Speaking Countries (TurkPA) was held in Baku with the participation of the members of parliaments of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey and TurkPA: Promising or Vague Future? Azerbaijan. The participants discussed development of technologies and improvement of the business environment, and also recommended to the national parliaments to revise the national laws to create a single base. However, despite fine and buzz words, experts think that the organisation exists only nominally. The Parliamentary Assembly, which is called an identity of the Turkic world, was established on November 21, 2008 as a result of the Istanbul agreement signed by the chairmen of the parliaments of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkey. According to expert Yerzhan Kalambai, a turkologist, there had been no institute regulating the integration of Turkic-speaking countries by law back then. That’s why the International Organisation of Turkic Culture (TURKSOY), the Turkic Academy, the Turkic Culture and Heritage Foundation, and TurkPA emerged as organisations that were meant to take the integration process to a new level. As to TurkPA, its task is to promote development Yerzhan Kalambai. Photo: CABAR.asia of political dialogue between the countries, to harmonise legislation and to strengthen the parliamentary cooperation. However, according to experts, the expectations were not met.
    [Show full text]
  • Zhanat Kundakbayeva the HISTORY of KAZAKHSTAN FROM
    MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN THE AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Zhanat Kundakbayeva THE HISTORY OF KAZAKHSTAN FROM EARLIEST PERIOD TO PRESENT TIME VOLUME I FROM EARLIEST PERIOD TO 1991 Almaty "Кazakh University" 2016 ББК 63.2 (3) К 88 Recommended for publication by Academic Council of the al-Faraby Kazakh National University’s History, Ethnology and Archeology Faculty and the decision of the Editorial-Publishing Council R e v i e w e r s: doctor of historical sciences, professor G.Habizhanova, doctor of historical sciences, B. Zhanguttin, doctor of historical sciences, professor K. Alimgazinov Kundakbayeva Zh. K 88 The History of Kazakhstan from the Earliest Period to Present time. Volume I: from Earliest period to 1991. Textbook. – Almaty: "Кazakh University", 2016. - &&&& p. ISBN 978-601-247-347-6 In first volume of the History of Kazakhstan for the students of non-historical specialties has been provided extensive materials on the history of present-day territory of Kazakhstan from the earliest period to 1991. Here found their reflection both recent developments on Kazakhstan history studies, primary sources evidences, teaching materials, control questions that help students understand better the course. Many of the disputable issues of the times are given in the historiographical view. The textbook is designed for students, teachers, undergraduates, and all, who are interested in the history of the Kazakhstan. ББК 63.3(5Каз)я72 ISBN 978-601-247-347-6 © Kundakbayeva Zhanat, 2016 © al-Faraby KazNU, 2016 INTRODUCTION Данное учебное пособие is intended to be a generally understandable and clearly organized outline of historical processes taken place on the present day territory of Kazakhstan since pre-historic time.
    [Show full text]
  • Wheat Production and Regional Food Security in CIS: the Case of Belarus, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
    FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia Policy Studies on Rural Transition No. 2016-1 Wheat production and regional food security in CIS: The case of Belarus, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan Zvi Lerman, David Sedik Yuliy Yusupov, Ivan Stanchin and Irina Kazakevich April 2016 The Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia of the Food and Agriculture Organization distributes this policy study to disseminate findings of work in progress and to encourage the exchange of ideas within FAO and all others interested in development issues. This paper carries the name of the authors and should be used and cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations and conclusions are the authors’ own and should not be attributed to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, its management, or any member countries. Zvi Lerman is Sir Henry d’Avigdor Goldsmid Professor of Agricultural Economics, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. David Sedik is the Senior Agricultural Policy Officer in the FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia. Yulii Yusupov is the Director of the Center for Economic Development in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Ivan Stanchin is Professor of Financial Economics and Accounting at the Voronezh Economic-Legal Institute in Voronezh, Russia. Irina Kazakevich is a Senior Economist at the Institute of System Research of the Agro- industrial Complex, National Academy of Science of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus. 2 Contents Figures .......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Tonyukuk and Turkic State Ideology “Mangilik
    THE TONYUKUK AND AN ANCIENT TURK’S STATE IDEOLOGY OF “MANGILIK EL” PJAEE, 17 (6) (2020) THE TONYUKUK AND AN ANCIENT TURK’S STATE IDEOLOGY OF “MANGILIK EL” Nurtas B. SMAGULOV, PhD student of the of the Department of Kazakhstan History, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan, [email protected] Aray K. ZHUNDIBAYEVA, PhD, Head of the Department of Kazakh literature, accociate professor of the Department of Kazakh literature, Shakarim state University of Semey (SSUS), (State University named after Shakarim of city Semey), Kazakhstan, [email protected] Satay M. SIZDIKOV, Doctor of historical science, professor of the Department of Turkology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan, [email protected] Arap S. YESPENBETOV, Doctor of philological science, professor of the Department of Kazakh literature, Shakarim state University of Semey (SSUS), (State University named after Shakarim of city Semey), Kazakhstan, [email protected] Ardak K. KAPYSHEV, Candidate of historical science, accociate professor of the Department of International Relations, History and Social Work, Abay Myrzkhmetov Kokshetau University, Kazakhstan, [email protected] Nurtas B. SMAGULOV, Aray K. ZHUNDIBAYEVA, Satay M. SIZDIKOV, Arap S. YESPENBETOV, Ardak K. KAPYSHEV: The Tonyukuk And An Ancient Turk’s State Ideology Of “Mangilik El” -- Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 17(6). ISSN 1567-214x ABSTRACT Purpose of the study. Studying and evaluating the activities of Tonykuk, who was the state adviser to the Second Turkic Kaganate, the main ideologist responsible for the ideological activities of the Kaganate from 682 to 745, is an urgent problem of historical science. In the years 646-725 he worked as an adviser on political and cultural issues of the three Kagan.
    [Show full text]
  • Turksoy, Turkic Council and Cultural Diplomacy: Transactionalism Revisited*
    bilig AUTUMN 2019/NUMBER 91 1-25 Turksoy, Turkic Council and Cultural Diplomacy: Transactionalism Revisited* Erman Akıllı** Abstract This paper’s aim is to read the process that crowned with the practice of cultural diplomacy thanks to TURKSOY and Turkic Council in Central Asia (especially in between Turkic republics and in general Turkic World) through Karl Deutch’s “transactionalist” approach. In his book, “Political Community and the North Atlantic Area” Deutsch explains the transactionalist theory as a study that would enable “possible ways in which men someday might abolish war.” So, the question is “How can men learn to act together to eliminate war/conflict as a social institution?”. Therefore, also, this article is an attempt to answer this question with cultural diplomacy and cultural diplomacy implementations through international organizations such as TURKSOY and Turkic Council in the Turkic World. Keywords TURKSOY, Turkic Council, Cultural Diplomacy, Transactionalism, Karl Deutsch. * Date of Arrival: 17 January 2019 – Date of Acceptance: 01 July 2019 You can refer to this article as follows: Akıllı, Erman (2019). “TURKSOY, Turkic Council and Cultural Diplomacy: Transactionalism Revisited”. bilig – Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkic World 91: 1-25. ** Assoc. Prof. Dr., Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, International Relations Department – Kırşehir/Turkey ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7782-0881 [email protected] 1 bilig Akıllı, Turksoy, Turkic Council and Cultural Diplomacy: Transactionalism Revisited AUTUMN 2019/NUMBER 91 • • Introduction During the Cold War years, interaction and communication in Central Asia, particularly in Central Asian Turkic states, were built up on bloc politics that led by Soviet Russia through the understanding of Soviet Union.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Decision-Making: Understanding Kazakhstan's Foreign Policy in the Early Independence Period (1991-4)
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository INDEPENDENT KAZAKHSTAN AND THE 'BLACK BOX' OF DECISION-MAKING : UNDERSTANDING KAZAKHSTAN'S FOREIGN POLICY IN THE EARLY INDEPENDENCE PERIOD (1991-4) Anuar Ayazbekov A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2014 Full metadata for this item is available in Research@StAndrews:FullText at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4895 This item is protected by original copyright Independent Kazakhstan and the 'Black Box' of Decision-Making: Understanding Kazakhstan's Foreign Policy in the Early Independence Period (1991-4) Anuar Ayazbekov Thesis submitted to the School of International Relations at the University of St. Andrews in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD 16 December 2013 1. Candidate's declarations I, Anuar Ayazbekov, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 80000 words in length, has been written by me, that it is the record of work carried out by me and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September, 2009 and as a candidate for the degree of PhD in September, 2009; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2009 and 2013. I, Anuar Ayazbekov, received assistance in the writing of this thesis in respect of language and grammar, which was provided by Simon Taylor.
    [Show full text]