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Flora Da Bahia: Leguminosae – Canavalia (Papilionoideae: Diocleae)

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Flora Da Bahia: Leguminosae – Canavalia (Papilionoideae: Diocleae) DOI: 10.13102/scb1136 ARTIGO Flora da Bahia: Leguminosae – Canavalia (Papilionoideae: Diocleae) Cristiane Snak* & Luciano Paganucci de Queiroza Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil. Abstract – É apresentada a Flora de Canavalia (Leguminosae) do estado da Bahia, Brasil. O gênero está representado por cinco espécies no estado: C. brasiliensis, C. cassidea, C. dolichothyrsa, C. parviflora e C. rosea. O tratamento inclui chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, comentários gerais e mapas de distribuição das espécies na Bahia. Palavras-chave adicionais: Fabaceae, florística, Região Nordeste, taxonomia. Resumo (Flora of Bahia: Leguminosae – Canavalia (Papilionoideae: Diocleae)) – We present the Flora of Canavalia (Leguminosae) from the state of Bahia, Brazil. The genus encompasses five species in the state: C. brasiliensis, C. cassidea, C. dolichothyrsa, C. parviflora and C. rosea. The treatment includes an identification key, descriptions, illustrations, general comments and distribution maps of the species in Bahia. Additional key words: Fabaceae, floristics, Northeast Brazil, taxonomy. A família Leguminosae compreende cerca de partir da década de 1990 mostraram que 19.500 espécies e 770 gêneros, sendo um dos Caesalpinioideae e Mimosoideae, como principais componentes dos maiores biomas terrestres, tradicionalmente circunscritas, não são monofiléticas e está distribuída em todos os continentes, com (Luckow et al. 2003; Wojciechowski et al. 2004; exceção da Antártica (Schrire et al. 2005; LPWG Bruneau et al. 2008; LPWG 2013). Assim, uma nova 2013). Apresenta diversas formas de vida e folhas proposta de classificação das Leguminosae passará a geralmente alternas, compostas, com pulvino e reconhecer seis subfamílias: Caesalpinioideae, estípulas. As inflorescências são frequentemente Cercidoideae, Detarioideae, Dialioideae, racemosas, com flores bissexuadas e diclamídeas, de Duparquetioideae e Papilionoideae (LPWG, in prep.). prefloração imbricada ou valvar, com ovário súpero, Destas, Papilionoideae é a mais diversa, com cerca de unicarpelar e unilocular, contendo um a numerosos 13.800 espécies e 483 gêneros (Lewis et al. 2005), óvulos em placentação marginal. Os frutos são incluindo Canavalia, gênero foco deste tratamento para tipicamente legumes, podendo ocorrer outros tipos, tais a Flora da Bahia. como drupas, sâmaras, folículos, craspédios ou lomentos (Lewis et al. 2005; Queiroz 2009). Canavalia Adans. Dentre as angiospermas, Leguminosae é a família Liana, volúvel ou rastejante. Folhas pinadas, mais diversa no Brasil, com cerca de 220 gêneros e trifolioladas. Inflorescências pseudorracemosas, 2.800 espécies, mais da metade das quais endêmicas do axilares ou caulifloras. Flores ressupinadas; cálice país (BFG 2015). É a família com maior riqueza de bilabiado, lábio superior (vexilar) com dois lobos, lábio espécies na Amazônia e na Caatinga, ficando em inferior (carenal) com três pequenos dentes livres ou segundo lugar na Mata Atlântica, Cerrado e Pantanal parcialmente fundidos; corola lilás, rosa, vermelha ou (BFG 2015). A Bahia, com cerca de 925 espécies, é o branca, pétalas unguiculadas; estandarte com aurículas segundo estado com o maior número de espécies de na base da lâmina ou não; alas retorcidas ou não; Leguminosae, ficando atrás apenas de Minas Gerais pétalas da carena falcadas, retorcidas ou não, rostradas (BFG 2015). Apesar da grande diversidade da família ou não, ápice arredondado, truncado, acuminado ou no estado, apenas um grupo foi apresentado para a espiralado; androceu com 10 estames, Flora da Bahia até o momento: “Aliança pseudomonadelfo, anteras dorsifixas; estigma capitado. Chloroleucon”, com oito espécies no estado (Almeida Legumes estipitados, lateralmente compressos ou et al. 2015). túrgidos, glabrescentes a pubescentes, cada valva com Tradicionalmente, Leguminosae é dividida em três costelas ao longo das suturas, costelas adicionais subfamílias, Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae e presentes ou não; sementes elipsoides a esferoidais, Papilionoideae, que podem ser facilmente distinguidas oblongas ou reniformes, compressas ou não, morfologicamente (Polhill & Raven 1981; Lewis et al. geralmente castanhas, hilo linear, apêndice funicular 2005). No entanto, estudos filogenéticos moleculares a persistente. Canavalia possui cerca de 60 espécies e tem *Autora para correspondência: [email protected]; distribuição pantropical, com centro de diversidade na [email protected] região neotropical, onde estão presentes cerca de 40 Editor responsável: Alessandro Rapini espécies (Sauer 1964; Aymard & Cuello 1991). No Submetido: 2 jun. 2016; aceito: 8 ago. 2016 Brasil, ocorrem 17 espécies, sendo o Cerrado e a Mata Publicação eletrônica: 24 ago. 2016; versão final: 6 set. 2016 Atlântica os domínios com a maior diversidade do ISSN 2238-4103 Sitientibus série Ciências Biológicas 16 C. Snak & L. P. Queiroz – Canavalia da Bahia gênero (Queiroz & Snak 2016). Suas espécies podem lobos superiores 3–5 mm compr., ápice arredondado, ser caracterizadas pelo hábito lianescente, folhas dentes inferiores 1,5–2,5 mm compr., livres, trifolioladas, flores ressupinadas e cálice bilabiado, lanceolados a triangulares; corola rosa a lilás; com o lábio superior bilobado, maior que o inferior estandarte 20–25 × 18–22 mm, suborbicular, ápice tridentado. Na Bahia, o gênero está representado por retuso, um par de aurículas na base e um par de cinco espécies, que ocorrem em áreas de Caatinga, calosidades na porção mediana da lâmina, glabro em Cerrado e Mata Atlântica. Duas espécies, C. cassidea e ambas as faces; alas 15–20 × 5–8 mm, lâmina obovada, C. dolichothyrsa, são endêmicas do estado. Canavalia aurícula basal aguda; pétalas da carena 16–21 × 6–8 ensiformis (L.) DC e C. gladiata (Jacq.) DC foram mm, oblanceoladas, aurícula aguda, ápice arredondado encontradas apenas em cultivo e não serão tratadas em a truncado; estames 15–20 mm compr.; ovário 10–11 detalhes neste trabalho. Canavalia dictyota Piper é mm compr., piloso, estípite ca. 1,5 mm compr., estilete referida para a Bahia em alguns trabalhos (e.g., Lewis ca. 7 mm compr. Legumes 6–18 × 1–2,5 cm, 1987; Queiroz 2009) e diversos espécimes foram lateralmente compressos, valvas amareladas a encontrados nos herbários da Bahia identificados com castanhas, com uma costela extra além das costelas este nome. Entretanto, C. dictyota não foi encontrada suturais a ca. 5 mm da margem; sementes 14–18 × 10– no estado e todos os espécimes assim identificados na 12 mm, elipsoides, hilo circundando 1/3–1/4 de sua Bahia correspondem a C. brasiliensis. circunferência. Ocorre em toda a região neotropical, desde o sul Chave para as espécies dos Estados Unidos até a Argentina e Ilhas do Caribe 1. Folíolos com ápice agudo, obtuso, arredondado ou (Sauer 1964). Na Bahia, é encontrada em todas as emarginado; dentes inferiores do cálice livres; regiões. B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, C7, C8, C9, D5, D6, D7, legumes com uma costela extra além das costelas D8, D9, E3, E6, E7, E8, E9, F3, F6, F7, F8: Caatinga, suturais. Cerrado e Mata Atlântica (florestas estacionais 2. Folíolos elípticos a amplo-ovados, ápice agudo a deciduais e semideciduais, caatingas arbóreas e áreas obtuso; legumes lateralmente compressos .......... antropizadas). Habita borda de matas e é comum em ................................................ 1. C. brasiliensis beira de estradas. É a única espécie do gênero que 2’. Folíolos orbiculares a obovados, ápice ocorre na Caatinga e Cerrado do estado. Coletada com arredondado a emarginado; legumes geralmente flores durante todo o ano e com frutos de fevereiro a túrgidos ............................................ 5. C. rosea outubro. 1’. Folíolos com ápice acuminado; dentes inferiores do Material selecionado – Alagoinhas, UNEB, Campus II, 24 cálice parcialmente fundidos; legumes sem costelas ago. 2006 (fl.) C.S.S. Lima et al. 57 (HUEFS); Araci, ca. 7 km N de extras além das costelas suturais. Araci na BR-116, 11º15'S, 38º53"W, 23 mar. 1993 (fl., fr.), L.P. 3. Ramos pubescentes; folíolos com a face adaxial Queiroz & T.S.N. Sena 3106 (CEPEC, HUEFS, MBM); Banzaê, pubérula a pubescente; corola vermelha ............. Povoado da Marcação, área indígena Kiriri, fazenda Picos, ..................................................... 2. C. cassidea 10º37'08"S, 38º36'09"W, 380 m s.n.m., 21 set. 2002 (fr.), C. 3’. Ramos glabros; folíolos com a face adaxial Correia et al. 162 (HUEFS); Cachoeira, vale dos rios Paraguaçu e glabra a glabrescente; corola rosada. Jacuípe, Ilha do Umbuzeiro, ago. 1980 (fl., fr.), G. Pedra do Cavalo 4. Inflorescências 35–100 cm compr.; cálice 627 (ALCB, CEPEC, EAC, HUEFS); Campo Alegre de Lourdes, mais que 20 mm compr.; sementes estrada para Remanso, ca. 12 km de Campo Alegre de Lourdes, reniformes ...................... 3. C. dolichothyrsa 09º35'10"S, 42º54'15"W, 529 m s.n.m., 15 jun. 2001 (fl.), T.S. 4’. Inflorescências 3,5–35 cm compr.; cálice Nunes et al. 429 (HUEFS); Cansanção, Bela Vista de Cansanção, menos que 12 mm compr.; sementes estrada para Cansanção, 10º39'S, 39º44'W, 11 maio 2002 (fl.), J.G. oblongas ............................... 4. C. parviflora Nascimento & T.S. Nunes 106 (HUEFS); Canudos, Estação Biológicas de Canudos, 10º10'S, 39º09'W, 22 mar. 2003 (fl.), 1. Canavalia brasiliensis Mart. ex Benth., F.H.M. Silva et al. 372 (HUEFS); Conde, Fazenda do Bu, Mata do Commentat. Legum. Gen.: 71. 1837. São Miguel, 12º03'24"S, 41º27'00"W, 24 ago. 1995 (fl.), T. Jost & Figuras 1, 5A–C e 6A–C. M.C.
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