Schloegel-Et-Al-2009-Biol-Cons.Pdf
Biological Conservation 142 (2009) 1420–1426 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Magnitude of the US trade in amphibians and presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and ranavirus infection in imported North American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) Lisa M. Schloegel a,d,*, Angela M. Picco b, A. Marm Kilpatrick a,c, Angela J. Davies d, Alex D. Hyatt e, Peter Daszak a,d,* a Consortium for Conservation Medicine, Wildlife Trust, 460 West 34th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA b United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Sacramento, CA 95825, USA c Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA d School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK e CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia article info abstract Article history: Amphibians are globally threatened by anthropogenic habitat loss, the wildlife trade and emerging dis- Received 14 October 2008 eases. Previous authors have hypothesized that the spread of the amphibian disease chytridiomycosis Received in revised form 31 January 2009 (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) and amphibian ranaviruses are associated with the international trade Accepted 8 February 2009 in live amphibians. The North American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) is thought to be a carrier of these Available online 5 April 2009 pathogens, is globally traded as a live commodity, and is sold live in US markets. We obtained importa- tion data for all live amphibians, and parts thereof, into three major US ports of entry (Los Angeles, San Keywords: Francisco and New York) from 2000 to 2005.
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