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January 2018 Open Access Publishing Volume 13, Monograph 7

A female Western ( boreas) from Garibaldi Provincial Park, British Columbia, . This large bufonid occurs throughout much of Western . The IUCN lists it as Near Threatened because it is probably in significant decline (> 30% over 10 years) due to disease.(Photographed by C. Kenneth Dodd).

Bibliography of the Anurans of the and Canada. Version 2, Updated and Covering the Period 1709 – 2012.

Monograph 7.

C. Kenneth Dodd, Jr.

ISSN: 1931-7603

Indexed by: Zoological Record, Scopus, Current Contents / Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences, Journal Citation Reports, Science Citation Index Extended, EMBiology, Biology Browser, Wildlife Review Abstracts, Google Scholar, and is in the Directory of Open Access Journals. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE ANURANS OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. VERSION 2, UPDATED AND COVERING THE PERIOD 1709 – 2012.

MONOGRAPH 7.

C. KENNETH DODD, JR.

Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of , Gainesville, Florida, USA 32611.

Copyright © 2018. C. Kenneth Dodd, Jr. All Rights Reserved.

Please cite this monograph as follows: Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr. 2018. Bibliography of the anurans of the United States and Canada. Version 2, Updated and Covering the Period 1709 - 2012. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 13(Monograph 7):1-328. Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS i

PREFACE ii

ABSTRACT 1

COMPOSITE BIBLIOGRAPHIC TRIVIA 1

LITERATURE CITED 2

BIBLIOGRAPHY 2

FOOTNOTES 325

IDENTICAL TEXTS 325

CATALOGUE OF NORTH AMERICAN AND 326

ADDITIONAL ANURAN-INCLUSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHIES 326

AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY 328

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Preface to Version 2: An Expanded and Detailed Resource.

MALCOLM L. MCCALLUM School of Agriculture and Applied Sciences Langston University, Langston, Oklahoma 73050

Herpetological Conservation and Biology rarely accepts revisions of monographs unless those changes are substantial. In this case, Ken Dodd has expanded by almost a third, the already extensive bibliography published in 2013. Although few will likely cite this text, its value as a resource is exceptional. Many of the new citations, like those in the previous version, are difficult to find. Some are virtually impossible to find without a resource of this kind. Then, you might have difficulty finding the publication despite the now available citation. The untold years of work devoted to amassing this database will likely be unmatched. I know I will be using it in the future and I hope that our readership does too.

Preface to Version 1: A Searchable Data Base for Biogeography of North American Anurans

STANLEY E. TRAUTH Department of Biological Sciences State University, State University, Arkansas 72467-0599

Many of us can recall a time before the age of computers when it was necessary to search for specific herpetological literature by visiting a library and thumbing through many issues of Biological Abstracts, Wildlife Review, and Zoological Record. That was a laborious, time-consuming task with no guarantee of finding all pertinent publications available on a particular topic. Now, with the advent and ease of online search engines, practically any published citation can be found simply by stroking a keyboard. However, older references tend to be difficult to find or retrieve. And given the numerous composite literature online resources available at your fingertips, the job of obtaining key information by paging through any hard copy resource volume for subject material seems passé. In those previous days, however, printed bibliographies of any kind were considered treasure troves of vital information.

In this issue of Herpetological Conservation and Biology (HCB), we are very pleased to publish a true anthology of anuran bibliography for the United States and Canada by Ken Dodd. This remarkable compendium of literature spans over two centuries (1771 – 2012). Because of its unwieldy length (over 200 pages)—a size that well exceeds the practical limits of our standard copy-editing abilities—the Governing Board of HCB has chosen to set aside our normal editorial requirements (e.g., certain formatting rules) to make this significant document available to our readership.

So why publish a bibliography on a particular herpetological subject in Herpetological Conservation and Biology? There are many solid reasons to do this, but the primary one is to make available this valuable resource to our readership. As a downloaded PDF, researchers will be able to use standard search-engine options to gather specific information from it. That is a feature not available elsewhere. We extend a special thanks to Ken Dodd for selecting HCB as the outlet for this most useful resource.

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Herpetological Conservation and Biology 13(M7):1 – 328.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE ANURANS OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. VERSION 2, UPDATED AND COVERING THE PERIOD 1709–2012

C. KENNETH DODD, JR.

Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611

Abstract. –– In 2013, I published an extensive bibliography (Dodd 2013a) of the anurans of the United States and Canada based largely upon background material from The of the United States and Canada (Dodd 2013b). The bibliography was produced with the objective of developing a comprehensive reference to publications on the natural history of North American anurans. It focused on life history, ecology, systematics, behavior, physiological ecology, diseases, parasites, and , and included important references on distribution and other topics useful to understanding frogs in their natural environment. Strictly physiological, developmental, and genetics citations were excluded, as were routine new distribution records, especially when life history information was not included. Master’s and doctoral dissertations were included as they were encountered, but I made no attempt to access all potentially citable graduate research, much of which remains unpublished or unavailable. I also excluded what is popularly termed “gray” literature, as well as most popular and hobbyist publications. Since the original bibliography (Dodd 2013a), I have made an effort to update references previously omitted because of redundancy, triviality (short notes, especially in the early days of Copeia and Herpetologica), oversight, or because they were published before the end of 2012 but after my book had gone to press. I also examined much older and obscure natural histories for references to frogs. As such, I extended the bibliographic references to Lawson’s (1709) mention of the bullfrog, the earliest reference to a specific that I encountered. Frogs were often mentioned in early travelogues, but rarely can the species be identified. As previously, I have limited the scope of this updated bibliography to topics that might be termed field ecology or natural history, but that does not mean that highly complex topics, such as molecular biology, population modelling, and laboratory research are excluded; they are all vital to telling us what frogs do in nature and how they do it. Publishing this updated and comprehensive bibliography online allows researchers, students, and naturalists access to a large amount of information that might not be readily available through traditional database searches. Although the bibliography is not annotated, it can be downloaded and searched using key words relating to species and topics. Naturally, some publications likely have escaped my notice, despite years of intensive search and cross–referencing. To those authors, I offer my sincere apology.

Key Words. – Amphibia, Anura, bibliography, frogs, ,

COMPOSITE BIBLIOGRAPHIC TRIVIA Southwestern Naturalist (89) and Behaviour (88). Journals.–– The most cited journals Graduate research.–– The combined involving frog natural history, not surprisingly, bibliography contains citations for 191 doctoral are those that have been publishing the longest dissertations and 226 Master’s/Honors theses. and that specialize in herpetology: Copeia (661), Herpetological Review (461), Most published authors.–– Of course, most Herpetologica (288), and the Journal of herpetologists are interested in taxa besides to Herpetology (274). Other journals with frogs, particularly and non–avian substantial numbers of North American frog reptiles; few specialize only on frogs. Further, papers include Ecology (162), American not all citations are of equivalent page length, Midland Naturalist (115), Canadian Journal of duration of study, rigor or importance. Given (99), Oecologia (93), Evolution (94), these caveats, the top 10 names in terms of

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Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

numbers of authored and co–authored papers showers of toads. Proceedings of the involving the life history of frogs are: A.N. American Philosophical Society 43:163– Bragg (93), A.R. Blaustein (90), R.D. 164. Semlitsch (72), H.C. Gerhardt (70), S.E. Trauth AbuBakr, S., and S.S. Crupper. 2010. (59), R. Relyea (57), P.S. Corn (55), B.K. Prevalence of cadmium resistance in Sullivan (53), D.M. (44), and M.P. Staphylococcus sciuri isolated from the Hayes (41). With the exception of Bragg (d. gray treefrog, Hyla chrysoscelis (Anura: 1968) and Semlitsch (d. 2015), these biologists ). Phyllomedusa 9:141–146. are still active in frog research. Acker, P.M., K.C. Kruse, and E.B. Krehbiel. 1986. Aging americanus by Number of publications annually.–– Not skeletochronology. Journal of Herpetology surprisingly, there has been an explosion in 20:570–574. publishing on North American anuran life Ackleh, A.S., K. Deng, and Q. Huang. 2010. history since the early 1990s. For example, Existence–uniqueness results and difference there were 78–90 papers published annually for an juvenile–adult model. AMS from 1990–1994, 101–112 from 1995–1997, Contemporay Mathematics Series 513:1–23. 140–171 from 1998–2003, and 183–217 from Ackleh, A.S., K. Deng, and Q. Huang. 2011. 2004–2012. No doubt, this pace has continued Stochastic juvenile–adult models with to accelerate. application to a green tree frog population. \ Journal of Biological Dynamics 5:64–83. LITERATURE CITED Ackroyd, J.F., and R.L. Hoffman. 1946. An albinistic specimen of Pseudacris feriarum. Dodd, C. K., Jr. 2013a. A bibliography of the Copeia 1946:257–258. anurans of the United States and Canada Adam, M.D., and M.J. Lacki. 1993. Factors (1734–2012). Herpetological Conservation affecting amphibian use of road–rut in and Biology 8 (Monograph 4):1–202. Daniel Boone National . Transactions Dodd, C.K., Jr. 2013b. The Frogs of the United of the Academy of Science 54:13– States and Canada. Johns Hopkins University 16. Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 2 volumes, i– Adama, D., K. Lansley, and M.–A. Beaucher. xxvii + 962 pp. 2004. ( pipiens) recovery: captive rearing and reintroduction in southeast British Columbia, 2003. BIBLIOGRAPHY Columbia Basin and Wildlife Compensation Program, Nelson, British Abbott, C.C. 1882. Notes on the habits of the Columbia. “savannah cricket frog.” American Naturalist Adams, C.K., and D. Saenz. 2012. Leaf litter of 16:707–711. invasive Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) Abbott, C.C. 1884. Recent studies of the negatively affects hatching success of an spade–foot toad. American Naturalist aquatic breeding anuran, the southern leopard 18:1075–1080. frog ( sphenocephalus). Canadian Abbott, C.C. 1888. Cyclopedia of Natural Journal of Zoology 90: 991–998. History. Nims and Knight, Troy, . Adams, C.K., D. Saenz, and E. Fucik. 2008. Abbott, C.C. 1894. The intelligence of carolinensis (Eastern Narrow– batrachians. Science 3:66–67. mouthed Toad). Hind limb malformation. Abbott, C.C. 1904. One explanation of reported Herpetological Review 39:460–461. 2

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Adams, C.K., D. Saenz, and R.N. Connor. Navy lands on the Kitsap and Toandos 2011. Palatability of twelve species of anuran peninsulas, . Northwestern larvae in eastern . American Midland Naturalist 80:1–7. Naturalist 166:211–223. Adams, M.J., D.E. Schindler, and R.B. Bury. Adams, L.W., T. M. Franklin, L. E. Dove, and 2001. Association of amphibians with J. M. Duffield. 1986. Design considerations attenuation of ultraviolet–B radiation in for wildlife in urban stormwater montane ponds. Oecologia 128:519–528. management. In Transactions of the 51st Adams, M.J., C.A. Pearl, and R.B. Bury. 2003. North American Wildlife and Natural Indirect facilitation of an anuran invasion by Resources Conference, pp. 249–259. Wildlife non– native . Ecology Letters 6:343– Management Institute Washington, D.C. 351. Adams, M.J. 1993. Summer nests of the tailed Adams, M.J., B.R. Hossack, R.A. Knapp, P.S. frog (Ascaphus truei) from the Oregon Coast Corn, S.A. Diamond, P.C. Trenham, and Range. Northwestern Naturalist 74:15–18. D.B. Fagre. 2005. Distribution patterns of Adams, M.J. 1999. Correlated factors in lentic–breeding amphibians in relation to amphibian decline: exotic species and ultraviolet radiation exposure in western change in western Washington. Journal of North America. 8:488–500. Wildlife Management 63:1162–1171. Adams, M.J., S.K. Galvan, D. Reinitz, R.A. Adams, M.J. 2000. permanence and the Cole, S. Payre, M. Hahr, and P. effects of exotic on anurans. Govindarajulu. 2007. Incidence of the Ecological Applications 10:559–568. , Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, in Adams, M.J., and S. Claeson. 1998. Field amphibian populations along the northwest response of to conspecific and coast of North America. Herpetological heterospecifics alarm. 104:955– Review 38:430–431. 961. Adams, M.J., C.A. Pearl, B. McCreary, S.K. Adams, M.J., and R.B. Bury. 2002. The Galvan, S. Wessell–Kelly, W.H. Wente, endemic headwater stream amphibians of the C.W. Anderson, and A.B. Kuehl. 2009. American Northwest: associations with Short–term effect of cattle exclosures on environmental gradients in a large forested Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) preserve. Global Ecology & Biogeography populations and habitat in northeastern 11:169–178. Oregon. Journal of Herpetology 43:132–138. Adams, M.J., and C.A. Pearl. 2007. Problems Adams, M.J., N.D. Chelgren, D. Reinitz, R.A. and opportunities managing invasive Cole, L.J. Rachowicz, S. Galvan, B. bullfrogs: is there any hope? Pp. 679–693 In McCreary, C.A. Pearl, L.L. Bailey, J. F. Gherardi (ed.). Biological Invaders in Bettaso, E.L. Bull, and M. Leu. 2010. Using Inland Waters: Profiles, Distribution, and occupancy models to understand the Threats. Springer, The Netherlands. distribution of an amphibian pathogen, Adams, M.J., R.B. Bury, and S.A. Swarts. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Ecological 1998. Amphibians of the Fort Lewis Military Applications 20:289–302. Reservation, Washington: sampling Adams, M.J., C.A. Pearl, S.K. Galvan, and B. techniques and community patterns. McCreary. 2011. Non–native species impacts Northwestern Naturalist 79:12–18. on pond occupancy by an anuran. Journal of Adams, M.J., S.D. West, and L. Kalmbach. Wildlife Management 75:30–35. 1999. Amphibian and surveys of U.S. Adams, S.B., and C.A. Frissell. 2001. Thermal 3

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

habitat use and evidence of seasonal the size of the environment in the growth of migration by Rocky Mountain tailed frogs, tadpoles. Biological Bulletin 61:350–375. Ascaphus montanus, in . Canadian AFCC. 1936. A future in frogs. American Frog Field–Naturalist 115:251–256. Canning Company, New Orleans. Adams, S.B., D.A. Schmetterling, and M.K. Agassiz, L. 1850. Superior: its physical Young. 2005. Instream movements by boreal character, vegetation, and , compared toads (Bufo boreas boreas). Herpetological with those of other and similar regions. With Review 36:27–33. a narrative of the tour by J. Elliot Cabot and Adamson, M.L. 1981a. Development and contributions by other scientific gentlemen. transmission of Gyrinicola batrachiensis Part 7. Description of some new species of (Walton, 1929) (Pharyngodonidae: reptiles from the region of Lake Superior. Oxyuroidea). Canadian Journal of Zoology Gould, Kendall and Lincoln, Boston, 378– 59:1351–1367. 382 + plate 6. Adamson, M.L. 1981b. Seasonal changes in Aitchison, S.W., and D.S. Tomko. 1974. populations of Gyrinicola batrachiensis Amphibians and reptiles of Flagstaff, (Walton, 1929) in wild tadpoles. . Plateau 47:18–25. Canadian Journal of Zoology 59:1377–1386. Akers, E.C. 1997. Effects of predators and Adamson, M.L. 1981c. Gyrinicola water color on growth, shape, and coloration batrachiensis (Walton, 1929) n. comb. of the tadpoles of Hyla chrysoscelis (Anura: (Oxyuroidea; Nematoda) from tadpoles in Hylidae). M.S. thesis, State eastern and central Canada. Canadian Journal University, Mississippi State. of Zoology 59:1344–1350. Akers, E.C., C.M. Taylor, and R. Altig. 2008. Ade, C.M., M.D. Boone, and H.J. Puglis. 2010. Effects of clay–associated organic material Effects of an insecticide and potential on the growth of Hyla chrysoscelis tadpoles. predators on green frogs and northern Journal of Herpetology 42:408–410. cricket frogs. Journal of Herpetology 44:591– Akin, G.C. 1966. Self–inhibition of growth in 600. Rana pipiens tadpoles. Physiological Adkins–Giese, C.L. 2012. Protecting rare Zoology 39:341–356. amphibians under the U.S. Endangered Alexander, D.G. 1966. An ecological study of Species Act. Froglog (102):21–23. the swamp cricket frog, Pseudacris nigrita Adler, K. 1970. The role of extraoptic feriarum (Baird), with comparative notes on photoreceptors in amphibian rhythms and two other hylids of the Chapel Hill, North orientation: a review. Journal of Herpetology Carolina, region. Ph.D. dissertation, 4:99–112. University of , Chapel Hill. Adler, K. 1980. Individuality in the use of Alexander, L.G., J.H.K. Pechmann and P.J. orientation cues by green frogs. Animal DeVries. 2012. Effects of salinity on early Behaviour 28: 413–425. life stages of the Gulf Coast toad, Adler, K. 2003. America’s first herpetological nebulifer (Anura: Bufonidae). Copeia expedition: William Bartram’s travels in the 2012:106–114. southeastern United States (1773–1776). Alexander, T.R. 1965. Observations on the Bonner zoologische Beiträge 52:275–295. feeding behavior of Bufo marinus (Linne). Adolph, E.F. 1931a. Body size as a factor in Herpetologica 20:255–259. the of tadpoles. Biological Alford, R.A. 1981. Community organization Bulletin 61:376–386. and behavior of anuran larvae in a northern Adolph, E.F. 1931b. The size of the body and Florida temporary pond. M.S. thesis, 4

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University of Florida, Gainesville. Herpetological Review 41:204–206. Alford, R.A. 1986a. Effects of parentage on Allan, D.M. 1973. Some relationships of competitive ability and vulnerability to vocalization to behavior in the Pacific in Hyla chrysoscelis tadpoles. treefrog, Hyla regilla. Herpetologica 29:366– Oecologia 68:199–204. 371. Alford, R.A. 1986b. Habitat use and positional Allan, S.J., and A.M. Simmons. 1994. behavior of anuran larvae in a northern Temporal features mediating call recognition Florida temporary pond. Copeia 1986:408– in the green treefrog, Hyla cinerea: amplitude 423. modulation. Animal Behaviour 47:1073– Alford, R.A. 1989a. Variation in predator 1086. phenology affects predator performance and Allard, H.A. 1908. Bufo fowleri (Putnam) in prey community composition. Ecology northern . Science 28:655–656. 70:206–219. Allen, A.C. 1963. The amphibia of Wayne Alford, R.A. 1989b. Competition between County, . Journal of the Ohio larval Rana palustris and Bufo americanus is Herpetological Society 4:23–30. not affected by variation in reproductive Allen, D. 1937. Some notes on the amphibia of phenology. Copeia 1989:993–1000. a waterfowl sanctuary, Kalamazoo, Alford, R.A., and M.L. Crump. 1982. Habitat Michigan. Copeia 1937:190–191. partitioning among size classes of larval Allen, E.R. 1938. Notes on Wright’s bullfrog, southern leopard frogs, Rana utricularia. Rana heckscheri (Wright). Copeia 1938:50. Copeia 1982:367–373. Allen, E.R. 1941. The value of toads. All–Pets Alford, R.A., and H.W. Wilbur. 1985. Priority Magazine. [reprinted by The Florida Reptile effects in experimental pond communities: Institute, Silver Springs, Florida] competition between Bufo and Rana. Allen, E.R., and W.T. Neill. 1953. The Ecology 66:1097–1105. treefrog, Hyla septentrionalis, in Florida. Alford, R.A., and R.N. Harris. 1988. Effects of Copeia 1953:127–128. larval growth history on anuran Allen, J.A. 1868. Catalogue of the reptiles and metamorphosis. American Naturalist batrachians found in the vicinity of 131:91–106. Springfield, , with notices of Algar, A.C., J.T. Kerr, and D.J. Currie. 2011. all other species known to inhabit the state. Quantifying the importance of regional and Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural local filters for community trait structure in History 12:3–38. tropical and temperate zones. Ecology Allen, L.S. 2006. Collaboration in the 92:903–914. Borderlands: The Malpai Borderlands Group: Ali, M.F., K.R. Lips, F.C. Knoop, B. Fritzsch, After 10 years of efforts to preserve the open C. Miller, and J.M. Conlon. 2002. spaces and way of life of the Borderlands Antimicrobial peptides and protease Region, the Malpai Borderlands Group is inhibitors in the skin secretions of the now internationally recognized as an crawfish frog, Rana areolata. Biochimica et outstanding example of collaborative Biophysica Acta–Proteins and Proteomics planning and management of large 1601:55–63. landscapes. Rangelands 28:17–21. Allaback, M.L., D.M. Laabs, D.S. Keegan, and Allen, M.J. 1932. A survey of the amphibians J.D. Harwayne. 2010. Rana draytonii and reptiles of Harrison County, Mississippi. (California Red–legged Frog). Dispersal. American Museum Novitates 542:1–20. 5

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

Allen, W.R. 1932. Further comment on the imperiled group of consumers in freshwater activity of the spade–foot toad. Copeia . Freshwater Biology 52:386–395. 1932:104. Alvarez, J.A. 2004. Rana aurora draytonii Allran, J.W., and W.H. Karasov. 2001. Effects (California Red–legged Frog). Microhabitat. of atrazine on embryos, larvae, and adults of Herpetological Review 35:162–163. anuran amphibians. Environmental Alvarez, J.A. 2011. Bufo boreas (Western Toxicology and Chemistry 20:769–775. Toad). Davian behavior. Herpetological Altig, R. 1970. A key to the tadpoles of the Review 42:408–409. continental United States and Canada. Amburgey, S., W.C. Funk, M. Murphy and E. Herpetologica 26:180–207. Muths. 2012. Effects of hydroperiod duration Altig, R. 1971. Descriptive notes on the on survival, developmental rate, and size at tadpoles of Pseudacris ornata and Bufo metamorphosis in boreal tadpoles alvarius. Texas Journal of Science 23:301– (Pseudacris maculata). Herpetologica 303. 68:456–467. Altig, R. 1972a. Notes on the larvae and Andersen, M.L. 1973. Thermal relations in premetamorphic tadpoles of four Hyla and Acris crepitans. M.A. thesis, University of three Rana with notes on color , Lawrence. patterns. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Anderson, A.L.,and W.D. Brown. 2009. Scientific Society 88:113–119. plasticity of hatching in green frogs (Rana Altig, R.A. 1972b. Defensive behavior in Rana clamitans) to both and tadpole predators. areolata and Hyla avivoca. Quarterly Journal Herpetologica 65:207–213. of the Florida Academy of Sciences Anderson, A.M., D.A. Haukos, and J.T. 35:212–216. Anderson. 1999a. Habitat use by anurans Altig, R., and E.D. Brodie, Jr. 1968. Albinistic emerging and breeding in playa wetlands. and cyanistic frogs from Oregon. Wasmann Wildlife Society Bulletin 27:759–769. Journal of Biology 26:241–242. Anderson, A.M., D.A. Haukos, and J.T. Altig, R., and E.D. Brodie, Jr. 1972. Anderson. 1999b. Diet composition of three Laboratory behavior of Ascaphus truei anurans from the playa wetlands of tadpoles. Journal of Herpetology 6:21–24. northwest Texas. Copeia 1999:515–520. Altig, R., and M.T. Christensen. 1981. Anderson, A.R., and J.W. Petranka. 2003. Behavioral characteristics of the tadpoles of Odonate predator does not affect hatching Rana heckscheri. Journal of Herpetology time or morphology of embryos of two 15:151–154. amphibians. Journal of Herpetology 37:65– Altig, R., and C.K. Dodd, Jr. 1987. The status 71. of the Amargosa toad (Bufo nelsoni) in the Anderson, G.A., S.C. Schell, and I. Pratt. 1965. Amargosa River drainage of Nevada. The life cycle of Bunoderella metteri Southwestern Naturalist 32:276–278. (Allocreadidae: Bunoderinae), a trematode Altig, R., and R.W. McDiarmid. 1999. Body parasite of Ascaphus truei. Journal of plan. Development and morphology. Pp. 24– 51:579–582. 51 In R.W. McDiarmid and R.G. Altig (eds.), Anderson, J.D., K.A. Hawthorne, J.M. Tadpoles. The Biology of Anuran Larvae. Galandak, and M.J. Ryan. 1978. A report on University of Chicago Press, Chicago. the status of the endangered reptiles and Altig, R., M.R. Whiles, and C.L. Taylor. 2007. amphibians of . Bulletin of the What do tadpoles really eat? Assessing the New Jersey Academy of Science 23:26–33. trophic status of an understudied and Anderson, J.L., and B.W. Buttrey. 1962. 6

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Enteric of four species of frogs from Andrews, J.S. 2001. The Atlas of the Reptiles the Lake Itasca region of . and Amphibians of Vermont. Privately Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Published, Middlebury, Vermont. Science 41:73–82. Andrews, K.D., R.L. Lampley, M.A. Gillman, Anderson, K. 1991. Chromosome evolution in D.T. Corey, S.R. Ballard, M.J. Blasczyk, and Holarctic Hyla treefrogs. Pp. 299–331 In W.G. Dyer. 1992. Helminths of Rana D.M. Green and S.K. Sessions (eds.), catesbeiana in southern with a Amphibian Cytogenetics and Evolution. checklist of helminths in bullfrogs of North Academic Press, San Diego, California. America. Transactions of the Illinois State Anderson, K., and P.E. Moler. 1986. Natural Academy of Sciences 85:147–172. hybrids of the Pine Barrens treefrog, Hyla Angermann, J.E., G.M. Fellers, and F. andersonii with H. cinerea and H. femoralis Matsumura. 2002. Polychlorinated biphenyls (Anura: Hylidae): morphological and and toxaphene in Pacific tree frog tadpoles chromosomal evidence. Copeia 1986:70–76. (Hyla regilla) from the California Sierra Anderson, L.R., and J.A. Arruda. 2006. Land Nevada, USA. Environmental Toxicology use and anuran biodiversity in southeast and Chemistry 21:2209–2215. Kansas, USA. Amphibian and Reptile Anholt, B.R., D.K. Skelly, and E.E. Werner. Conservation 4:46–59. 1996. Factors modifying antipredator Anderson, M.T., J.M. Kiesecker, D.P. Chivers behavior in larval toads. Herpetologica and A.R. Blaustein. 2001. The direct and 52:301–313. indirect effects of temperature on a predator– Anholt, B.R., E. Werner, and D.K. Skelly. prey relationship. Canadian Journal of 2000. Effect of food and predators on the Zoology 79: 1834–1841. activity of four larval ranid frogs. Ecology Anderson, P.K. 1942. Amphibians and reptiles 81:3509–3521. of Jackson County, Missouri. Bulletin of the Ankley, G.T., J.E. Tietge, G.W. Holcombe, Chicago Academy of Science 6:203–220. D.L. DeFoe, S.A. Diamond, K.M. Jensen, Anderson, P.K. 1951. Albinism in tadpoles of and S.J. Degitz. 2000. Effects of laboratory carolinensis. Herpetologica 7:56. ultraviolet radiation and natural sunlight on Anderson, P.K. 1954. Studies in the ecology of survival and development of Rana the narrow–mouthed toad, Microhyla pipiens. Canadian Journal of Zoology carolinensis carolinensis. Tulane Studies in 78:1092–1100. Zoology 2:15–46. Ankley, G.T., S.A. Diamond, J.E. Tietge, G.W. Anderson, P.K., E.A. Liner, and R.E. Holcombe, K.M. Jensen, D.L. DeFoe, and R. Etheridge. 1952. Notes on amphibian and Peterson. 2002. Assessment of the risk of reptile populations in a Louisiana pineland ultraviolet radiation to amphibians. I. Dose– area. Ecology 33:274–278. dependent induction of hind limb Anderson, R.C., and G.F. Bennett. 1963. malformations in the northern leopard frog Opthalmic myiasis in amphibians in (Rana pipiens). Environmental Science and Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada. Canadian Technology 36:2853–2858. Journal of Zoology 41:1169–1170. Ankley, G. T., S.J. Degitz, S.A. Diamond, and Anderson, T.R. 1965. Frog captures a fledgling J. E. Tietge. 2004. Assessment of eastern phoebe. Auk 82:285–286. environmental stressors potentially Andrews, E.A. 1928. Tree frogs and pitcher responsible for malformations in North . Science 67:269–270. American anuran amphibians. Ecotoxicology 7

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and Environmental Safety 58:7–16. 135:293–298. ANLFRT (Alberta Northern Leopard Frog Aresco, M.J. 2004. River frog Rana heckscheri Recovery Team). 2005. Alberta Northern (Wright). Pp. 17–18 In R.E. Mirarchi, M.A. Leopard Frog Recovery Plan, 2005– Bailey, T.M. Haggerty, and T.L. Best (eds.), 2010. Alberta Sustainable Resource Wildlife. Vol. 3. Imperiled Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, Amphibians, Reptiles, , and . Alberta Species at Risk Recovery Plan No. 7, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa. Edmonton. Aresco, M.J., and R.N. Reed. 1998. Rana Anonymous. Undated. The amphibians of Linn capito sevosa (Dusky ). County, . Biology Club, Roosevelt High Predation. Herpetological Review 29:40. School, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Aresco, M.J., and M.S. Gunzburger. 2004. Anonymous. 1892. Bullfrogs for market. The Effects of large–scale sediment removal on Evening Star, Washington, DC [2 January]. herpetofauna in Florida wetlands. Journal of Anonymous. 1895. The gopher frog. Natural Herpetology 38:275–279. Science News 1(29):115. Arndt, R.G. 1977. A blue variant of the green Anonymous. 1899. Miss Seldon’s frog farm. frog, Rana clamitans melanota (Amphibia, The Evening Star, Washington, DC [4 Anura, Ranidae) from Delaware. Journal of February]. Herpetology 11:102–103. Anonymous. 1907. Frogs. Okoboji Protective Arnold, H.L. 1968. Poisonous Plants of Association Bulletin 3:5. Hawaii. Tong Publishing, Honolulu. Anonymous. 1918. The batrachians of Rhode Arnold, S.J., and R.J. Wassersug. 1978. Island. Part 2. Toads and frogs. Roger Differential predation on metamorphic Williams Park, Park Museum Bulletin anurans by garter (Thamnophis): 10(4):93–96. social behavior as a possible defense. Anonymous. 1922. Amphibia and Reptilia. Ecology 59:1014–1022. Cornell Rural School Leaflet 15(4):303–346. Aronson, L.R. 1943a. The sexual behavior of Anonymous. 2007. Rare blue frog discovered Anura. 5. Oviposition in the green frog, Rana at Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary. Florida clamitans, and the bull frog, Rana Naturalist (Spring):11. catesbeiana. American Museum Novitates Anton, T.G. 1999. Current distribution and 1224:1–6. status of amphibians and reptiles in Cook Aronson, L.R. 1943b. The sexual behavior of County, Illinois. Transactions of the Illinois anura. 4. Oviposition in the mink frog, Rana State Academy of Science 92:211–232. septentrionalis Baird. American Midland Anzalone, C.R., L.B. Kats, and M.S. Gordon. Naturalist 29:242–244. 1998. Effects of solar UV–B radiation on Aronson, L.R. 1943c. The sexual behavior of embryonic development in Hyla cadaverina, Anura. 3. The “release” mechanism and sex Hyla regilla, and torosa. recognition in H. andersonii. Copeia Conservation Biology 12:646–653. 1943:246–249. Applegate, R.D. 1990. Rana catesbeiana, Rana Aronson, L.R. 1944. The sexual behavior of palustris (Bullfrog, Pickerel Frog). Predation. Anura. 6. The mating pattern of Bufo Herpetological Review 21:90–91. americanus, Bufo fowleri,and Bufo terrestris. Aresco, M.J. 1996. Geographic variation in the American Museum Novitates 1250:1–15. morphology and lateral stripe of the green Asay, M.J., P.G. Harowicz, and L. Su. 2005. treefrog (Hyla cinerea) in the southeastern Chemically mediated mate recognition in the United States. American Midland Naturalist (Ascaphus truei). Chemical 8

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Signals in Vertebrates 10:24–31. variation in the mating call of the green Ashley, E.P., and J.T. Robinson. 1996. Road treefrog (Hyla cinerea). American Midland mortality of amphibians, reptiles and other Naturalist 119:101–110. wildlife on the Long Point causeway, Lake Asquith, A., and R. Altig. 1990. Male call Erie, Ontario. Canadian Field–Naturalist frequency as a criterion for female choice in 110:403–412. Hyla cinerea. Journal of Herpetology Ashton, A.D., and F.C. Rabalais. 1978. 24:198–201. Helminth parasites of some anurans of Atlas, M. 1935. The effect of temperature on northwestern Ohio. Proceedings of the the development of Rana pipiens. Helminthological Society of Washington Physiological Zoology 8:290–310. 45:141–142. Atwood, M.A. 2011. Effects of basal resources Ashton, D.T. 2002. A comparison of on the food web of temporary freshwater abundance and assemblage of lotic pools: implications for amphibians and amphibians in late–seral and second–growth restoration efforts. M.S. thesis, State redwood in Humboldt County, University of New York, Syracuse. California. M.A. thesis, Humboldt State Aubry, K.B., and P.A. Hall. 1991. Terrestrial University, Arcata, California. amphibian communities in the southern Ashton, D.T., and R.J. Nakamoto. 2007. Rana Washington Cascade Range. Pp. 327–340 In boylii (Foothill –legged Frog). L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, A.B. Carey, and Predation. Herpetological Review 38:442. M.H. Huff (coordinators). Wildlife and Ashton, D.T., S.B. Marks, and H.H. Welsh, Jr. Vegetation of Unmanaged Douglas–fir 2006. Evidence of continued effects from Forests. USDA Forest Service General timber harvesting on lotic amphibians in Technical Report PNW–GTR–285, Portland, redwood forests of northwestern California. Oregon. Forest Ecology and Management 221:183– Auburn, J.S., and D.H. Taylor. 1979. Polarized 193. light perception and orientation in larval Ashton, K.G., and A.C.S. Knipps. 2011. bullfrogs Rana catesbeiana. Animal Effects of fire history on amphibian and Behaviour 27:658–668. reptile assemblages in rosemary scrub. Audo, M.C., T.M. Mann, T. L. Polk, C.M. Journal of Herpetology 45:497–503. Loudenslager, W.J. Diehl, and R. Altig. Ashton, R.E., Jr., and P.S. Ashton. 1988. 1995. Food deprivation during different Handbook of Reptiles and Amphibians of periods of tadpole (Hyla chrysoscelis) Florida. Part 3. The Amphibians. Windward ontogeny affects metamorphic Publishing, Inc., Miami. performance differently. Oecologia 103:518– Ashton, R.E., Jr., S.I. Guttman, and P. 522. Buckley. 1973. Notes on the distribution, Auffenberg, W. 1956. Remarks on some coloration, and breeding of the Hudson Bay Miocene anurans from Florida, with a toad, Bufo americanus copei (Yarrow and description of a new species of Hyla. Henshaw). Journal of Herpetology 7:17–20. Breviora (52):1–11. Asquith, A. 1986. Implications of variation in Ault, K.K., J.E. Johnson, H.C Pinkart, and R.S. the mating call of the green treefrog, Hyla Wagner. 2012. Genetic comparison of water cinerea. M.S. thesis, Mississippi State molds from embryos of amphibians Rana University, Mississippi State. cascadae, Bufo boreas and Pseudacris Asquith, A., and P. Zimba. 1988. Geographic regilla. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 9

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99:127–137. bog frog. Conservation Genetics 12:833–838. Austin, D.F. 1973. Range expansion of the Austin, J.D., T.A. Gorman, D. Bishop, and P. in Florida. Florida Naturalist Moler. 2011b. Genetic evidence of 46(4):28. contemporary hybridization in one of North Austin, D.F., and A. Schwartz. 1975. Another America’s rarest anurans, the Florida bog exotic amphibian in Florida, frog. Animal Conservation 14:553–561. coqui. Copeia 1975:188. Avila, V.L., and P.G. Frye. 1978. Feeding Austin, J.D., and K.R. Zamudio. 2008. behavior of the African clawed frog Incongruence in the pattern and timing of (Xenopus laevis Daudin): (Amphibia, Anura, intra–specific diversification in bronze frogs ): effect of prey type. Journal of and bullfrogs (Ranidae). Molecular Herpetology 12:391–396. Phylogenetics and Evolution 48:1041–1053. Awan, A.R., and G.R. Smith. 2007a. The effect Austin, J.D., S.C. Lougheed, L. Niedrauer, of group size on the responses of wood frog A.A. Chek, and P.T. Boag. 2002. Cryptic tadpoles to fish. American Midland lineages in a small frog: the post–glacial Naturalist 158:79–84. history of the spring peeper, Pseudacris Awan, A.R., and G.R. Smith. 2007b. The effect crucifer (Anura: Hylidae). Molecular of group size on the activity of leopard (Rana Phylogenetics and Evolution 25:316–329. pipiens) tadpoles. Journal of Freshwater Austin, J.D., S.C. Lougheed, P.E. Moler, and Ecology 22:355–357. P.T. Boag. 2003a. Phylogenetics, Awbrey, F.T. 1963. Homing and home range in zoogeography, and the role of dispersal and Bufo valliceps. Texas Journal of Science vicariance in the evolution of the Rana 15:127–141. catesbeiana (Anura: Ranidae) species group. Awbrey, F.T. 1965. An experimental Biological Journal of the Linnean Society investigation of the effectiveness of anuran 80:601–624. mating calls as isolating mechanisms. Ph.D. Austin, J.D., J.A. Dávila, S.C. Lougheed, and dissertation, University of Texas, Austin. P.T. Boag. 2003b. Genetic evidence for Awbrey, F.T. 1968. Call discrimination in female–biased dispersal in the bullfrog, Rana female couchi and Scaphiopus catesbeiana (Ranidae). Molecular Ecology hurteri. Copeia 1968:420–423. 12:3165–3172. Awbrey, F.T. 1972. “Mating call” of a Bufo Austin, J.D., S.C. Lougheed, and P.T. Boag. boreas male. Copeia 1972:579–581. 2004a. Discordant temporal and geographic Awbrey, F.T. 1978. Social interaction among patterns in maternal lineages of eastern North chorusing Pacific tree frogs, Hyla regilla. American frogs, Rana catesbeiana (Ranidae) Copeia 1978:208–214. and Pseudacris crucifer (Hylidae). Molecular Axtell, C.B. 1976. Comparisons of Phylogenetics and Evolution 32:799–816. morphology, lactate dehydrogenase, and Austin, J.D., S.C. Lougheed, and P.T. Boag. distribution of Rana blairi and Rana 2004b. Controlling for the effects of history utricularia in Illinois and Missouri. and nonequilibrium conditions in gene flow Transactions of the Illinois State Academy estimates in northern bullfrog (Rana of Science 69:37–48. catesbeiana) populations. Genetics Axtell, R.W. 1958. Female reaction to the male 168:1491–1506. call in two anurans (Amphibia). Austin, J.D., T.A. Gorman, and D. Bishop. Southwestern Naturalist 3:70–76. 2011a. Assessing fine–scale genetic structure Axtell, R.W. 1963. A reinterpretation of the and relatedness in the micro–endemic Florida distribution of Bufo w. woodhousei Girard 10

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especially on the southeastern margin of its Canadian Journal of Zoology 81:1539–1552. range. Herpetologica 19:115–122. Babbitt, K.J., M.J. Baber, and G.W. Tanner. Axtell, R.W., and N. Haskell. 1977. An 2005. The impact of agriculture on temporary interhiatal population of Pseudacris streckeri wetland amphibians in Florida. Pp. 48–55 In from Illinois, with an assessment of its W.E. Meshaka, Jr. and K.J. Babbitt (eds.), postglacial dispersion history. Natural Amphibians and Reptiles. Status and History Miscellanea (202):1–8. Conservation in Florida. Krieger Publishing, Azous, A.L., and K.O. Richter. 1995. Malabar, Florida. Amphibian and community responses Babbitt, K.J., M.J. Baber, and L.A. Brandt. to changing hydrology in urban wetlands. 2006. The effect of woodland proximity Pp. 156–162 In Puget Sound Research ’95 andwetland characteristics on larval anuran Proceedings. Volume 1. Puget Sound Water assemblages in an agricultural landscape. Quality Authority, Olympia, Washington. Canadian Journal of Zoology 84:510–519. Babbitt, K.J. 1995. Bufo terrestris (Southern Babbitt, L.H. 1937. The amphibia of Toad). Oophagy. Herpetological Review Connecticut. Connecticut State Geological 26:30. and Natural History Survey Bulletin No. 57. Babbitt, K.J. 2001. Behaviour and growth of Babcock, H.L. 1921. Does the cricket frog southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) occur in New England? Copeia (90):8. tadpoles: effects of food and predation risk. Baber, M.J. 2001. Understanding anuran Canadian Journal of Zoology 79:809–814. community structure in temporary wetlands: Babbitt, K.J., and F. Jordan. 1996. Predation on the interaction and importance of landscape Bufo terrestris tadpoles: effects of cover and and biotic processes. Ph.D. dissertation, predatory identity. Copeia 1996:485–488. Florida International University, Miami. Babbitt, K.J., and G.W. Tanner. 1997. Effects Baber, M.J., and K.J. Babbitt. 2003. The of cover and predator identity on predation of relative impacts of native and introduced Hyla squirella tadpoles. Journal of predatory fish on a temporary wetland Herpetology 31:128–130. tadpole assemblage. Oecologia 136:289–295. Babbitt, K.J., and G.W. Tanner. 1998. Effects Baber, M.J., and K.J. Babbitt. 2004. Influence of cover and predator size on survival and of habitat complexity on predator–prey development of Rana utricularia tadpoles. interactions between the fish (Gambusia Oecologia 114:258–262. holbrooki) and tadpoles of Hyla squirella and Babbitt, K.J., and G.W. Tanner. 2000. Use of Gastrophryne carolinensis. Copeia temporary wetlands by anurans in a 2004:173–177. hydrologically modified landscape. Wetlands Baber, M.J., E. Fleishman, K.J. Babbitt, and 20:313–322. T.L. Tarr. 2004. The relationship between Babbitt, K.J., and W.E. Meshaka. 2000. wetland hydroperiod and nestedness patterns Benefits of eating conspecifics: effects of in assemblages of larval amphibians and background diet on survival and predatory macroinvertebrates. Oikos 107:16– metamorphosis in the Cuban treefrog 27. (Osteopilus septentrionalis). Copeia Baber, M.J., K.J. Babbitt, F. Jordan, H.L. Jelks, 2000:469–474. and W.M. Kitchens. 2005. Relationships Babbitt, K.J., M.J. Baber, and T.L. Tarr. 2003. among habitat type, hydrology, predator Patterns of larval amphibian distribution composition, and distribution of larval along a wetland hydroperiod gradient. anurans in the Florida Everglades. Pp. 154– 11

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160 In W.E. Meshaka, Jr. and K.J. Babbitt gopher frog Rana sevosa Goin and Netting. (eds.), Amphibians and Reptiles. Status and Pp. 15–17 In R.E. Mirarchi, M.A. Bailey, Conservation in Florida. Krieger Publishing, T.M. Haggerty, and T.L. Best (eds.), Malabar, Florida. Alabama Wildlife. Vol. 3. Imperiled Bachmann, K. 1969. Temperature adaptations Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals. of amphibian embryos. American Naturalist University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa. 103:115–130. Bailey, M.A., J.N. Holmes, K.A. Buhlmann, Backus, R.H. 1954. Notes on the frogs and and J.C. Mitchell. 2006. Habitat Management toads of Labrador. Copeia 1954:226–227. Guidelines for Amphibians and Reptiles of Bacon, E.J., and Z.M. Anderson. 1976. the Southeastern United States. Partners in Distributional records of amphibians and Amphibian and Reptile Conservation, reptiles from Coastal Plain of Arkansas. Technical Publication HMG–2, Montgomery, Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Alabama. Science 30:14–15. Bailey, R.M. 1943. Four species new to the Bagdonas, K.R., and D. Pettus. 1976. Genetic Iowa herpetofauna, with notes on their compatibility in wood frogs (Amphibia, natural histories. Proceedings of the Iowa Anura, Ranidae). Journal of Herpetology Academy of Science 50:347–352. 10:105–112. Bailey, R. M. 1944a. Iowa's Frogs and Toads. Bagnara, J.T., and J.S. Frost. 1977. Leopard Part 1. Iowa Conservationist 3(3):17–20. frog supply. Science 197:106–107. [reprinted Bailey, R. M. 1944b. Iowa's Frogs and Toads. in Herpetological Review 8:118–119] Part 2. Iowa Conservationist 3(4):25, 27–30. Bahlman, A. 2010. Variation in six local Bailey, R. M., and M. K. Bailey. 1941. The populations of the (Anaxyrus distribution of Iowa toads. Iowa State boreas) in the Great Basin: A common College Journal of Science 15:169–177. garden experiment. M.S. thesis, University of Bailey, V. 1933. Cave life of Kentucky. Nevada, Reno. American Midland Naturalist 14:385–635. Bailey, M.A. 1989. Migration of Rana areolata Baird, S.F. 1854. Descriptions of new genera sevosa and associated winter–breeding and species of North American frogs. amphibians at a temporary pond in the lower Proceedings of the Academy of Natural coastal plain of Alabama. M.S. thesis, Sciences of Philadelphia 7:59–62. Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. Baird, S.F. 1859. Reptiles of the boundary, Bailey, M.A. 1990. Movement of the dusky with notes by the naturalists of the survey. gopher frog (Rana areolata sevosa) at a Pp. 1–35 In United States and Mexican temporary pond in the lower Coastal Plain Boundary Survey, under the of Lieut. of Alabama. Pp. 27–43 In C.K. Dodd, Jr., Col. W.H. Emory. U.S. Government Printing R.E. Ashton, Jr., R. Franz, and E. Wester Office, Washington, D.C. (eds.), Burrow Associates of the Gopher Baird, S.F., and C. Girard. 1852. Descriptions Tortoise. Proceedings of the 8th Annual on new species of reptiles, collected by the Meeting, Gopher Tortoise Council, U.S. Exploring Expedition under the Gainesville, Florida. command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Bailey, M.A. 1991. The dusky gopher frog in Part 1.including the species from the west Alabama. Journal of the Alabama Academy coast of North America. Proceedings of the of Science 62:28–34. Academy of Natural Sciences of Bailey, M.A., and D.B. Means. 2004. Gopher Philadelphia 6:174–177. frog Rana capito Leconte and Mississippi Baird, S.F., and C.H. Girard. 1853. 12

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Descriptions of new species of reptiles parasitic in amphibians and reptiles. collected by the U.S. Exploring Expedition Memorial University of Newfoundland under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, Occasional Papers in Biology No. 11. U.S.N. 2nd part. Proceedings of the Academy Baker, R.H. 1942. The bullfrog, a Texas of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6:378– wildlife resource. Texas Game, Fish and 379. Oyster Commission, Bulletin No. 23. Baird, T. 1983. Influence of social and Balas, C.J. 2008. The effects of conservation predatory stimuli on the air–breathing programs on amphibians of the behavior of the African clawed frog, Xenopus Pothole Region’s glaciated plain. M.S. thesis, laevis. Copeia 1983:411–420. Humboldt State University, Arcata, Baker, B.J., and J.M.L. Richardson. 2006. The California. effect of artificial light on male breeding– Balas, C.J., N.H. Euliss, Jr., and D.M. Mushet. season behaviour in green frogs, Rana 2012. Influence of conservation programs on clamitans melanota. Canadian Journal of amphibians using seasonal wetlands in the Zoology 84: 1528–1532. Prairie Pothole Region. Wetlands 32:333– Baker, M.R. 1977. Redescription of 345. Oswaldocruzia pipiens (Nematoda: Baldauf, R.J. 1943. Hand list of Berks County Trichostrongylidae) from amphibians of amphibians and reptiles. Leaflets of the eastern North America. Canadian Journal of Mengel Natural History Society (1):1–8. Zoology 55:104–109. Baldwin, R.F., and P.G. deMaynadier. 2009. Baker, M.R. 1978a. Morphology and Assessing threats to pool–breeding of Rhabdias sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) amphibian habitat in an urbanizing from reptiles and amphibians of southern landscape. Biological Conservation Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology 142:1628–1638. 56:2127–2141. Baldwin, R.F., A.J.K. Calhoun, and P.G. Baker, M.R. 1978b. Transmission of deMaynadier. 2006a. Conservation planning Cosmocercoides dukae (Nematoda: for amphibian species with complex habitat Cosmocercoidea) to amphibians. Journal of requirements: a case study using movements Parasitology 64:765–766. and habitat selection of the wood frog Rana Baker, M.R. 1978c. Development and sylvatica. Journal of Herpetology 40:442– transmission of Oswaldocruzia pipiens 453. Walton, 1929 (Nematoda: Baldwin, R.F., A.J.K. Calhoun and P.G. Trichostrongylidae) in amphibians. Canadian deMaynadier. 2006b. The significance of Journal of Zoology 56:1026–1031. hydroperiod and stand maturity for pool– Baker, M.R. 1979a. The free–living and breeding amphibians in forested landscapes. parasitic development of Rhabdias sp. Canadian Journal of Zoology 84: 1604–1615. (Nematoda: Rhabdiassidae) in amphibians. Baldwin, R.F., P.G. deMaynadier, and A.J.K. Canadian Journal of Zoology 57:161–178. Calhoun. 2007. Rana sylvatica (Wood Frog). Baker, M.R. 1979b. Seasonal population Predation. Herpetological Review 38:194– changes in Rhabdias ranae Walton, 1929 195. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) in Rana sylvatica Balfour, P.S., and J. Ranlett. 2006. of Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology hammondii (Western Spadefoot). Predation. 57:179–183. Herpetological Review 37:212. Baker, M.R. 1987. Synopsis of the Nematoda Ball, R.W., and D.L. Jameson. 1966. 13

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Premating isolating mechanisms in sympatric interactions with pH, contaminants, and and allopatric Hyla regilla and Hyla disease on amphibian survival. Conservation californiae. Evolution 20:533–551. Biology 22: 987–996. Ball, R.W., and D.L. Jameson. 1970. Bancroft, B.A., N.J. Baker, C.L. Searle, T.S. Biosystematics of the canyon tree frog Hyla Garcia, and A.R. Blaustein. 2008. Larval cadaverina Cope (= Hyla californiae amphibians seek warm temperatures and do Gorman). Proceedings of the California not avoid harmful UVB radiation. Behavioral Academy of Science 37:363–380. Ecology 19:879–886. Ball, S.C. 1936. The distribution and behavior Bancroft, B.A., B.A. Han, C.L. Searle, L.M. of the spadefoot toad in Connecticut. Biga, D.H. Olson, L.B. Kats, J.J. Lawler and Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of A.R. Blaustein. 2011. Species–level Arts and Science 32:351–379. correlates of susceptibility to the pathogenic Ballard, A.S., P.S. Balfour, and C.J. Conway. amphibian fungus Batrachochytrium 2008. Rana catesbeiana (American dendrobatidis in the United States. Bullfrog). Predation. Herpetological Review Biodiversity and Conservation 20:1911– 39:462–463. 1920. Ballinger, R.E. 1966. Natural hybridization of Bancroft, G.T., J.S. Godley, D.T. Gross, N.N. the toads Bufo woodhousei and Bufo Rojas, D.A. Sutphen, and R.W. McDiarmid. speciosus. Copeia 1966:366–368. 1983. The herpetofauna of Lake Conway: Ballinger, R.E., and C.O. McKinney. 1966. species accounts. U.S. Army Corps of Developmental temperature tolerance of Engineers Aquatic Plant Control Research certain anuran species. Journal of Program, Miscellaneous Paper A–83–5. Experimental Zoology 161:21–28. Bang, D., and V. Mack. 1998. Enriching the Ballinger, R.E., J.D. Lynch and P.H. Cole. environment of the laboratory bullfrog (Rana 1979. Distribution and natural history of catesbeiana). Lab Animal 27:41–42. amphibians and reptiles in western Nebraska Bank, M.S., J. Crocker, B. Connery, and A. with ecological notes on the herptiles of Amirbahman. 2007. Mercury Arapaho Prairie. Prairie Naturalist 11:65–74. bioaccumulation in green frog (Rana Ballinger, R.E., J.W. Meeker, and M. Thies. clamitans) and bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) 2000. A checklist and distribution maps of tadpoles from Acadia National Park, Maine, the amphibians and reptiles of South USA. Environmental Toxicology and Dakota. Transactions of the Nebraska Chemistry 26:118–125. Academy of Sciences 26:29–46. Banta, A.M. 1914. Sex recognition and the Ballinger, R.E., J.D. Lynch, and G.R. Smith. mating behavior of the wood frog, Rana 2010. Amphibians and Reptiles of Nebraska. sylvatica. Biological Bulletin 26:171–183. Rusty Press, Oro Valley, Arizona. Banta, B.H. 1961. On the occurrence of Hyla Banas, J.A.,W.J. Loesche, and G.W. Nace. regilla in the lower Colorado River, Clark 1998. Classification and distribution of large County, Nevada. Herpetologica 17:106–108. intestinal bacteria in non–hibernating and Banta, B.H. 1962. A preliminary account of the hibernating leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). herpetofauna of the Saline Valley Applied and Environmental Microbiology Hydrographic Basin, Inyo County, 54:2305–2310. California. Wasmann Journal of Biology Bancroft, B.A., N.J. Baker, and A.R. Blaustein. 20:161 – 251. 2007. A meta–analysis of the effects of Banta, B.H. 1974. Death–feigning in Hyla ultraviolet B radiation and its synergistic regilla on Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara 14

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County, California. Bulletin of the Maryland on the breeding habits of Pseudacris Herpetological Society 10:88. brachyphona. Copeia 1941:116. Banta, B.H., and D. Morafka. 1966. An Barbour, R.W., and W.L. Gault. 1952. Notes annotated check list of the recent amphibians on the spadefoot toad Scapiopus h. holbrooki. and reptiles inhabiting the city and county of Copeia 1952:192. San Francisco, California. Wasmann Journal Barbour, T. 1910. Eleutherodacylus ricordii in of Biology 24:223–236. Florida. Proceedings of the Biological Banta, B.H., and G. Carl. 1967. Death–feigning Society of Washington 23:100. behavior in the eastern gray treefrog Hyla Barbour, T. 1931. Another introduced frog in versicolor versicolor. Herpetologica 23:317– North America. Copeia 1931:140. 318. Barnett, H.K., and J.S. Richardson. 2002. Barbeau, T.R., and H.B. Lillywhite. 2005. Predation risk and competition effects on the Body wiping behaviors associated with life– history characteristics of larval Oregon cutaneous lipids in hylid tree frogs of spotted frog and larval red–legged frog. Florida. Journal of Experimental Biology Oecologia 132:436–444. 208:2147–2156. Barr, T.C., Jr. 1953. Notes on the occurrence of Barber, P.H. 1999a. Phylogeography of the ranid frogs in caves. Copeia 1953:60–61. canyon treefrog, Hyla arenicolor (Cope) Barrantine, C.D. 1991a. Survival of billbugs based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data. (Sphenophorus spp.) ingested by Western Molecular Ecology 8:547–562. toads (Bufo boreas). Herpetological Review Barber, P.H. 1999b. Patterns of gene flow and 22:5. population genetic structure in the canyon Barrantine, C.D. 1991b. Food habits of treefrog, Hyla arenicolor (Cope). Molecular Western toads (Bufo boreas halophilus) Ecology 8:563–576. foraging from a residential lawn. Barbour, R.W. 1953. The amphibians of Big Herpetological Review 22:84–87. Black Mountain, Harlan County, Kentucky. Barrass, A.N. 1985. The effects of highway Copeia 1953:84–89. traffic noise on the phonotactic and Barbour, R.W. 1956a. Pseudacris brachyphona associated reproductive behavior of in . Copeia 1956:54. selected anurans. Ph.D. dissertation, Barbour, R.W. 1956b. The of Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Kentucky: identification and distribution. Barrett, K., C. Guyer, and D. Watson. 2010. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Water from urban streams slows growth and Science 17:81–86. speeds metamorphosis in Fowler’s toad (Bufo Barbour, R.W. 1957a. Observations on the fowleri) larvae. Journal of Herpetology , Pseudacris 44:297–300. brachyphona (Cope) in Kentucky. American Barron, M.G., and K.B. Woodburn. 1995. Midland Naturalist 57:125–128. Ecotoxicology of chlorpyrifos. Reviews of Barbour, R.W. 1957b. A distributional study of Environmental Contamination and Pseudacris nigrita in Kentucky. American Toxicology 144:1–93. Midland Naturalist 57:129–132. Barry, D.S., T.K. Pauley, and J.C. Maerz. Barbour, R.W. 1971. Amphibians & Reptiles 2008. Amphibian use of man–made pools on of Kentucky. University Press of Kentucky, clear–cuts in the Allegheny Mountains of Lexington. , USA. Applied Herpetology Barbour, R.W., and E.P. Walters. 1941. Notes 5:121–128. 15

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Barta, J.R., and S.S. Desser. 1984. Blood Bartlett, R.D., and P.P. Bartlett. 2006. Guide parasites of amphibians from Algonquin and Reference to the Amphibians of Eastern Park, Ontario. Journal of Wildlife Diseases and Central North America (North of 20:180–189. ). University Press of Florida, Bartareau, T.M. 2004. PVC pipe diameter Gainesville. influences the species and sizes of treefrogs Bartlett, R.D., and P.P. Bartlett. 2009. Guide captured in a Florida coastal scrub and Reference to the Amphibians of Western community. Herpetological Review 35:150– North America (North of Mexico) and 152. Hawaii. University Press of Florida, Bartareau, T.M., and W.E. Meshaka. 2007. Gainesville. Osteopilus septentrionalis (Cuban Treefrog). Bartlett, R.D., and P.P. Bartlett. 2011. Florida’s Diet. Herpetological Review 38:324–325. Frogs, Toads, and Other Amphibians. A Bartelt, P.E. 1998. Bufo boreas (Western Guide to their Identification and Habits. Toad). Mortality. Herpetological Review University Press of Florida, Gainesville. 29:96. Bartlett–Healy, K., W. Crans, and R. Gaugler. Bartelt, P.E. 2000. A biophysical analysis of 2008. Phonotaxis to amphibian vocalizations habitat selection in western toads (Bufo in Culex territans (Diptera: Culicidae). boreas) in southwestern Idaho. Ph.D. Annals of the Entomological Society of dissertation,Idaho State University, Pocatello. America 101:95–103. Bartelt, P.E., and C.R. Peterson. 2005. Bartram, W. 1791. Travels through North and Physically modeling operative temperatures , Georgia, East and West and evaporative rates in amphibians. Florida, the Cherokee Country, the Extensive Journal of Thermal Biology 30:93–102. Territories of the Muscoculges, or Creek Bartelt, P.E., C.R. Peterson, and R.W. Klaver. Confederation, and the Country of the 2004. Sexual differences in the post–breeding Chactaws. James and Johnson, Philadelphia. movements and habitats selected by Western Basey, H.E. 1969. Sierra Nevada Amphibians. toads (Bufo boreas) in southeastern Idaho. Sequoia Natural History Association, Three Herpetologica 60:455–467. Rivers, California. Bartelt, P.E., R.W. Klaver, and W.P. Porter. Basey, H.E. 1976. Discovering Sierra Reptiles 2010. Modeling amphibian energetics, and Amphibians. Yosemite Association, habitat suitability, and movements of western Yosemite National Park, California. [3rd toads, Anaxyrus (= Bufo) boreas, across printing in 1991 with different cover] present and future landscapes. Bastien, H., and R. Leclair, Jr. 1992. Aging Ecological Modelling 221:2675–2686. wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) by Bartelt, P.E., A.L. Gallant, R.W. Klaver, C.K. skeletochronology. Journal of Herpetology Wright, D.A. Patla, and C.R. Peterson. 2011. 26:222–225. Predicting breeding habitat for amphibians: a Bates, M.E., B.F. Cropp, M. Gonchar, J. spatiotemporal analysis across Yellowstone Knowles, J.A. Simmons, and A. Megela National Park. Ecological Applications Simmons. 2010. Spatial location influences 21:2530–2547. vocal interactions in bullfrog choruses. Bartlett, R.D. 1989. On the trail of the Florida Journal of the Acoustical Society of America bog frog. Vivarium 1(3):8–11. 127:2664–2677. Bartlett, R.D., and P.P. Bartlett. 1999. A Field Batista, C.G. 2002. Rana catesbeiana Guide to Florida Reptiles and Amphibians. (Bullfrog). Effects on native anuran Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas. community. Herpetological Review 33:131. 16

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Batts, B.S. 1960. Distribution of Pseudacris Jr. 1982. The status of the Wyoming toad nigrita nigrita and Pseudacris nigrita (Bufo hemiophrys baxteri). Environmental feriarum in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain Conservation 9:348, 338. regions of North Carolina. Herpetologica Bayless, L.E. 1966. Comparative ecology of 16:45–47. two sympatric species of Acris (Anura; Baud, D.R., and M.L. Beck. 2005. Interactive Hylidae) with emphasis on interspecific effects of UV–B and copper on spring peeper competition. Ph.D. dissertation, Tulane tadpoles (Pseudacris crucifer). Southeastern University, New Orleans. Naturalist 4:15–22. Bayless, L.E. 1969a. Post–metamorphic Bauer Dial, C.A., and N.A. Dial. 1995. Lethal growth of Acris crepitans. American Midland effects of the consumption of field levels of Naturalist 81:590–592. paraquat–contaminated plants on frog Bayless, L.E. 1969b. Ecological divergence tadpoles. Bulletin of Environmental and distribution of sympatric Acris Contamination and Toxicology 55:870–877. populations (Anura: Hylidae). Herpetologica Baughman, B., and B.D. Todd. 2007. The role 25:181–187. of substrate cues in habitat selection by Bayne, K.A. 2004. The natural history and juvenile Bufo terrestris and Scaphiopus morphology of the eastern cricket frog, Acris holbrookii. Journal of Herpetology 41:154– crepitans crepitans, in West Virginia. M.S. 157. thesis, Marshall University, Huntington, Baxley, D., and C. Qualls. 2009. Habitat West Virginia. associations of reptile and amphibian Bazazi, S., K. S. Pfennig , N. O. Handegard, communities in habitats of and I. D. Couzin. 2012. Vortex formation south Mississippi. Herpetological and foraging in polyphenic spadefoot toad Conservation and Biology 4:295–305. tadpoles. Behavioral Ecology and Baxter, G.T. 1946. A study of the amphibians Sociobiology 66:879–889. and reptiles of Wyoming. M.S. thesis, Beane, J.C. 1990. Rana palustris (Pickerel University of Wyoming, Laramie. Frog). Predation. Herpetological Review Baxter, G.T. 1947. The amphibians and reptiles 21:59. of Wyoming. Wyoming Wildlife 11:30–34. Beane, J.C. 1998. Status of the river frog, Rana Baxter, G.T. 1952a. The relation of heckscheri (Anura: Ranidae), in North temperature to the altitudinal distribution of Carolina. Brimleyana 25:69–79. frogs and toads in southeastern Wyoming. Beane, J.C., and L.T. Pusser. 2005. Bufo Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan. terrestris (). Diet and Ann Arbor. scavenging. Herpetological Review 36:432. Baxter, G.T. 1952b. Notes on growth and the Beane, J.C., and L.T. Pusser. 2006. Rana reproductive cycle of the leopard frog, Rana heckscheri (River Frog). Predation. pipiens Schreber, in southern Wyoming. Herpetological Review 37:339. Journal of the Colorado–Wyoming Academy Beane, J.C., T.J. Thorp, and D.A. Jackan. 1998. of Science 4:91. Heterodon simus (Southern Hognose ). Baxter, G.T., and M.D. Stone. 1985. Diet. Herpetological Review 29:44–45. Amphibians and Reptiles of Wyoming. 2nd Beane, J.C., A.L. Braswell, J.C. Mitchell, ed. Wyoming Game and Fish Department, W.M. Palmer, and J.R. Harrison III. 2010. Cheyenne. [first edition, 1980] Amphibians & Reptiles of the Carolinas and Baxter, G.T., M.R. Stromberg, and C.K. Dodd, Virginia. University of North Carolina Press, 17

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

Chapel Hill. Staehle, J. Eisold, D. Nichols, R. Cole, A.M. Beard, K.H. 2007. Diet of the invasive frog, Schotthoefer, M. Greenwell, and L.E. Brown. Eleutherodacylus coqui, in Hawaii. Copeia 2005. Risk factors and declines in northern 2007:281–291. cricket frogs (Acris crepitans). Pp. 75–86 In Beard, K.H., and J. Baillie. 1998. Rana M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian Declines. The catesbeiana (Bullfrog). Diet. Herpetological of United States Species. Review 29:40. University of California Press, Berkeley. Beard, K.H., and E.M. O’Neill. 2005. Infection Beauclerc, K.B., B. Johnson, and B.N. White. of an invasive frog Eleutherodacylus coqui 2010. Distinctiveness of declining northern by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium populations of Blanchard’s cricket frog dendrobatidis in Hawaii. Biological (Acris blanchardi) justifies recovery efforts. Conservation 126:591–595. Canadian Journal of Zoology 88:553–566. Beard, K.H., and W.C. Pitt. 2005. Potential Beaudry, F. 2007. Rana sylvatica (Wood Frog). consequences of the coqui frog invasion in Predation. Herpetological Review 38:195. Hawaii. Diversity and Distributions 11:427– Beauregard, N., and R. Leclair, Jr. 1988. 433. Multivariate analysis of the summer habitat Beard, K.H., and W.C. Pitt. 2006. Potential structure of Rana pipiens Schreber, in Lac predators of an invasive frog Saint Pierre (Québec, Canada). Pp. 129–143 (Eleutherodactylus coqui) in Hawaiian In R.C. Szaro, K.E. Severson, and D.R. forests. Journal of Tropical Ecology 22:345– Patton (technical coordinators), Management 347. of Amphibians, Reptiles, and Small Beard, K.H., R. Al–Chokhachy, N.C. Tuttle Mammals in North America. Proceedings of and E. M. O’Neill. 2008. Population density a Symposium. USDA Forest Service, and growth rates of Eleutherodactylus coqui General Technical Report RM–166. in Hawaii. Journal of Herpetology 42:626– Bechtel, H.B. 1995. Reptile and Amphibian 636. Variants. Colors, Patterns, and Scales. Beard, K.H., E. A. Price and W. C. Pitt. 2009. Krieger Publishing, Malabar, Florida. Biology and impacts of Pacific island Beck, C.G., and J.D. Congdon. 2003. invasive species. 5. Eleutherodactylus Energetics of metamorphic climax in the coqui, the Coqui Frog (Anura: southern toad (Bufo terrestris). Oecologia ). Pacific Science 63:297– 137:344–351. 316. Beck, C.W. 1997. Effect of changes in resource Beard, K.H., C.A. Olson and W.C. Pitt. 2012. level on age and size at metamorphosis in Biology and impacts of Pacific island Hyla squirella. Oecologia 112:187–192. invasive species: 8. Eleutherodactylus Beck, C.W., and J.D. Congdon. 1999. Effects planirostris, the (Anura: of individual variation in age and size at ). Pacific Science metamorphosis on growth and survivorship 66:255–270. of southern toads (Bufo terrestris) Bergstrom, T. M. 2010. A natural history study metamorphs. Canadian Journal of Zoology of Bufo a. americanus, the eastern American 77:944–951. toad, and the phenology of spring rreeders in Beck, C.W., and J.D. Congdon. 2000. Effects southwest West Virginia. M.S. thesis, of age and size at metamorphosis on Marshall University, Huntington, West performance and metabolic rates of Southern Virginia. toad, Bufo terrestris, metamorphs. Functional Beasley, V.R., S.A. Faeh, B. Wikoff, C. Ecology 14:32–38. 18

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Beck, W.M. ,Jr. 1948. An ecological study of by the sound of a chorus. Animal the cold–blooded vertebrates of a north Behaviour 74:549–558. Florida lake. M.S. thesis, University of , M.A. 2007b. Selective phonotaxis by Florida, Gainesville. male wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) to the Becker, C.G., C.R. Fonseca, C.F.B. Haddad, sound of a chorus. Behavioral Ecology and R.F. Batista, and P.I. Prado. 2007. Habitat Sociobiology 61:955–966. split and the global decline of amphibians. Bee, M.A. 2008a. Parallel female preferences Science 318:1775–1777. for call duration in a diploid ancestor of an Becker, C.G., D. Rodriguez, A.V. Longo, A.L. allotetraploid treefrog. Animal Behaviour Talaba, and K.R. Zamudio. 2012. Disease 76:845–853. risk in temperate amphibian populations is Bee, M.A. 2008b. Finding a mate at a cocktail higher at closed–canopy sites. PLoS One party: spatial release from masking improves 7:e48205. acoustic mate recognition in grey treefrogs. Becker, S.N. 2009. Hanging out with the cool Animal Behaviour 75:1781–1791. frogs: do operative and body temperatures Bee, M.A. 2010. Spectral preferences and the explain population response to disease? M.S. role of spatial coherence in simultaneous thesis, Southern Illinois University, integration in gray treefrogs (Hyla Carbondale. chrysoscelis). Journal of Comparative Bednarz, J.C., and J.J. Dinsmore. 1985. Psychology 124:412–424. Flexible dietary response and feeding Bee, M.A., and S.A. Perrill. 1996. Responses ecology of the red– shouldered (Buteo to conspecific advertisement calls in the lineatus) in Iowa. Canadian Field–Naturalist green frog (Rana clamitans) and their role 99:262–264. in male–male communication. Behaviour Bee, M.A. 2001. Habituation and sensitization 133:283–301. of aggression in bullfrogs (Rana Bee, M.A., and T.R. Schachtman. 2000. Is catesbeiana): testing the dual–process theory habituation a mechanism of neighbor of habituation. Journal of Comparative recognition in green frogs? Behavioral Psychology 115:307–316. Ecology and Sociobiology 48:165–168. Bee, M.A. 2002. Territorial male bullfrogs Bee, M.A., and H.C. Gerhardt. 2001a. (Rana catesbeiana) do not assess fighting Neighbour–stranger discrimination by ability based on size–related variation in territorial male bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). acoustic signals. Behavioral Ecology 13:109– 1. Acoustic basis. Animal Behaviour 124. 62:1129–1140. Bee, M.A. 2003. Experience–based plasticity Bee, M.A., and H.C. Gerhardt. 2001b. of acoustically evoked aggression in a Neighbour–stranger discrimination by territorial frog. Journal of Comparative territorial male bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). Physiology 189A:485–496. 2. Perceptual basis. Animal Behaviour Bee, M.A. 2004. Within–individual variation in 62:1141–1150. bullfrog vocalizations: implications for an Bee, M.A., and H.C. Gerhardt. 2001c. acoustically mediated social recognition Habituation as a mechanism of reduced system. Journal of the Acoustical Society of aggression between adjacently territorial America 116: 3770–3781. male bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). Journal Bee, M.A. 2007a. Sound source segregation in of Comparative Psychology 115:68–82. grey treefrogs: spatial release from masking Bee, M.A., and A.C. Bowling. 2002. Socially– 19

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

mediated pitch alteration by territorial male Sound level discrimination by gray treefrogs bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana. Journal of in the presence and absence of chorus– Herpetology 36:140–143. shaped noise. Journal of the Acoustical Bee, M.A., and H.C. Gerhardt. 2002. Society of America 131:4188–4195. Individual voice recognition in a territorial Behle, W.H., and R.J. Erwin. 1962. The green frog (Rana catesbeiana). Proceedings of the frog (Rana clamitans) established at West Royal Society, London 269B:1443–1448. Ogden, Weber County, . Utah Academy Bee, M.A., and E.M. Swanson. 2007. Auditory of Sciences, Arts, and Letters Proceedings masking of anuran advertisement calls by 39:74–76. road traffic noise. Animal Behaviour Behler, J.L., and F.W. King. 1979. The 74:1765–1776. Audubon Society Field Guide to North Bee, M.A., and K.K. Riemersma. 2008. Does American Reptiles and Amphibians. Alfred common spatial origin promote the auditory A. Knopf, New York. grouping of temporally separated signal Beiswenger, R.E. 1972. Aggregative behavior elements in grey treefrogs? Animal of tadpoles of the , Bufo Behaviour 76:831–843. americanus, in Michigan. Ph.D. dissertation, Bee, M.A., and J.J. Schwartz. 2009. Behavioral University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. measures of signal recognition thresholds in Beiswenger, R.E. 1975. Structure and function frogs in presence and absence of chorus– in aggregations of tadpoles of the American shaped noise. Journal of the Acoustical toad, Bufo americanus. Herpetologica Society of America 126:2788–2801. 31:222–233. Bee, M.A., S.A. Perrill, and P.C. Owen. 1999. Beiswenger, R.E. 1977. Diel patterns of Size assessment in simulated territorial aggregative behavior in tadpoles of Bufo encounters between male green frogs (Rana americanus, in relation to light and clamitans). Behavioral Ecology and temperature. Ecology 58:98–108. Sociobiology 45:177–184. Beiswenger, R.E. 1978. Responses of Bufo Bee, M.A., S.A. Perrill, and P.C. Owen. 2000. tadpoles (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae) to Male green frogs lower the pitch of acoustic laboratory gradients of temperature. Journal signals in defense of territories: a possible of Herpetology 12:499–504. dishonest signal of size? Behavioral Ecology Beiswenger, R.E. 1981. Predation by grey jays 11:169–177. on aggregating tadpoles of the Bee, M.A., C.E. Kozich, K.J. Blackwell, and (Bufo boreas). Copeia 1981:274–276. H.C. Gerhardt. 2001. Individually distinct Beiswenger, R.E. 1986. An endangered advertisement calls of territorial male green species, the Wyoming toad Bufo hemiophrys frogs, Rana clamitans: implications for baxteri—the importance of an early warning individual discrimination. Ethology 107: 65– system. Biological Conservation 37:59–71. 84. Belden, J.B., S.T. McMurry, L.M. Smith, and Bee, M.A., J.M. Cook, E.K. Love, L.R. P. Reilley. 2010. Acute toxicity of fungicide O'Bryan, B.A. Pettitt, K. Schrode and A. formulations to amphibians at environmental Vélez. 2010. Assessing acoustic signal relevant concentrations. Environmental variability and the potential for sexual Toxicology and Chemistry 29:2477–2480. selection and social recognition in boreal Belden, L.K. 2006. Impact of eutrophication on chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata). wood frog, Rana sylvatica, tadpoles infected Ethology 116: 564–576. with Echinostoma trivolvis cercariae. Bee, M.A., A. Vélez, and J.D. Forester. 2012. Canadian Journal of Zoology 84:1315–1321. 20

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Belden, L.K., and A.R. Blaustein. 2002. Bellis, E.D. 1962b. Cover value and escape Exposure of red–legged frog embryos to habits of the wood frog in a Minnesota bog. ambient UV–B radiation in the field Herpetologica 17:228–231. negatively affects larval growth and Bellis, E.D. 1965. Home range and movements development. Oecologia 130:551–554. of the wood frog in a northern bog. Ecology Belden, L.K., and J.M. Wojdak. 2011. The 46:89–98. combined influence of trematode parasites Beltz, E. 2007. Scientific and common names and predatory salamanders on wood frog of the reptiles and amphibians of North (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles. Oecologia America explained. 166:1077–1086. http://ebeltz.net/herps/etymain.html. Belden, L.K., E.L. Wildy, A.C. Hatch, and Benard, M.F. 2007. Predators and mates: A.R. Blaustein. 2000. Juvenile western toads, conflicting selection on the size of male Bufo boreas, avoid chemical cues of snakes Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla). Journal fed juvenile, but not larval, conspecifics. of Herpetology 41:317–320. Animal Behaviour 59:871–875. Benard, M.F., and J.M. Maher. 2011. Belden, L.K., I.T. Moore, R.T. Mason, J.C. Consequences on intraspecific niche Wingfield, and A.R. Blaustein. 2003. variation: phenotypic similarity increases Survival, the hormonal stress response and competition among recently metamorphosed UV–B avoidance in Cascades frog tadpoles frogs. Oecologia 166:585–592. (Rana cascadae) exposed to UV–B radiation. Bennett, D.W. 2008. Amphibian responses to Functional Ecology 17:409–416. forest management practices in southwestern Belden, L.K., I.T. Moore, J.C. Wingfield and Georgia. M.S. thesis, University of Florida, A.R. Blaustein. 2005. Corticosterone and Gainesville. growth in Pacific treefrog (Hyla regilla) Bennett, L. 2003. The miracle of the toads. tadpoles. Copeia 2005:424–430. Alberta Naturalist 33:72–73. Bellis, E.D. 1953. The effects of temperature Bennett, R.S., E.E. Klaas, J.R. Coats, M.A. on the breeding calls of some Oklahoma Mayse, and E.J. Kolbe. 1983. Fenvalerate salientians. M.S. thesis, University of residues in nontarget organisms from Oklahoma, Norman. treated cotton fields. Bulletin of Bellis, E.D. 1957a. An ecological study of the Environmental Contamination and wood frog Rana sylvatica LeConte. Ph.D. Toxicology 31:61–65. dissertation, University of Minnesota, Bennett, S.H., J.W. Gibbons, and J. Glanville. Minneapolis. 1980. Terrestrial activity, abundance and Bellis, E.D. 1957b. The effects of temperature diversity of amphibians in differently on salientian breeding calls. Copeia 1957:85– managed forest types. American Midland 89. Naturalist 103:412–416. Bellis, E.D. 1959. A study of movement of Benson, A.J. 2000. Documenting over a American toads in a Minnesota bog. Copeia century of aquatic introductions in the United 1959:173–174. States. Pp. 1–31 In R. Claudi and J.H. Leach Bellis, E.D. 1961. Growth of the wood frog, (eds.), Nonindigenous Freshwater Rana sylvatica. Copeia 1961:74–77. Organisms. Vectors, Biology, and Impacts. Bellis, E.D. 1962a. The influence of humidity Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida. on wood frog activity. American Midland Bergeron, C.M., C.M. Bodinof, J.M. Unrine, Naturalist 68:139–148. and W.A. Hopkins. 2010a. Mercury 21

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

accumulation along a contamination gradient 12:525–539. and nondestructive indices of exposure in Berrill, M., S. Bertram, L. McGillivray, M. amphibians. Environmental Toxicology and Kolohon, and B. Pauli. 1994. Effects of low Chemistry 29: 980–988. concentrations of forest use pesticides on Bergeron, C.M., C.M. Bodinof, J.M. Unrine, frog embryos and tadpoles. Environmental and W.A. Hopkins. 2010b. Bioaccumulation Toxicology and Chemistry 13:657–664. and maternal transfer of mercury and Berrill, M., S. Bertram, L. McGillivray, M. selenium in amphibians. Environmental Kolohon, and D. Ostrander. 1995. Toxicology and Chemistry 29: 989–997. Comparative sensitivity of amphibian Bergeron, C.M., W.A. Hopkins, B.D. Todd, tadpoles to single and pulsed exposures of the M.J. Hepner, and J.M. Unrine. 2011a. forest–use insecticide fenitrothion. Interactive effects of maternal and dietary Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry mercury exposure have latent and lethal 14:1011–1018. consequences for amphibian larvae. Berrill, M., S. Bertram, and B. Pauli. 1997. Environmental Science and Technology Effects of pesticides on amphibian embryos 45:3781–3787. and larvae. SSAR Herpetological Bergeron, C. M., W.A. Hopkins, C.M. Conservation 1:233–245. Bodinof, S.A. Budischak, H. Wada, and J.M. Berrill, M., D. Coulson, L. McGillivary, and B. Unrine. 2011b. Counterbalancing effects of Pauli. 1998. Toxicity of endosulfan to aquatic maternal mercury exposure during different stages of anuran amphibians. Environmental stages of early ontogeny. Science of the Total Toxicology and Chemistry 17:1738–1744. Environment: 409:4746–4752. Bertram, S., and M. Berrill. 1997. Fluctuations Beringer, J., and T.R. Johnson. 1995. Rana in a northern population of gray treefrogs, catesbeiana (Bullfrog). Diet. Herpetological Hyla versicolor. SSAR Herpetological Review 26:98. Conservation 1:57–63. Bernal, X., and S.R. Ron. 2004. Bertram, S., M.Berrill, and E. Nol. 1996. Male fragilis (White–lipped Foamfrog). Courtship. mating success and variation in chorus Herpetological Review 35:372–373. attendance within and among breeding Berns, M.W. 1966. Some genetic and seasons in the gray treefrog (Hyla histochemical aspects of the variant blue frog versicolor). Copeia 1996:729–734. in the Rana. M.S. thesis, Cornell Berven, K.A. 1981. Mate choice in the wood– University, Ithaca, New York. frog, Rana sylvatica. Evolution 35:707–722. Berns, M.W., and L.D. Uhler. 1966. Blue frogs Berven, K.A. 1982a. The genetic basis of of the genus Rana. Herpetologica 22:181– altitudinal variation in the wood frog, Rana 183. sylvatica. 1. An experimental analysis of Berns, M.W., and K.S. Narayan. 1970. An life history traits. Evolution 36:962–983. histochemical and ultrastructural analysis of Berven, K.A. 1982b. The genetic basis of the dermal chromatophores of the variant altitudinal variation in the wood frog, Rana ranid blue frog. Journal of Morphology sylvatica. 2. An experimental analysis of 132:169–180. larval development. Oecologia 52:360–369. Berrill, M., S. Bertram, A. Wilson, S. Louis, Berven, K.A. 1988. Factors affecting variation and D. Brigham. 1993. Lethal and sublethal in reproductive traits within a population of impacts of pyrethroid insecticides on wood frogs (Rana sylvatica). Copeia amphibian embryos and tadpoles. 1988:605–615. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Berven, K.A. 1990. Factors affecting 22

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population fluctuations in larval and adult and H.E. Reid. 2006. Chorus attendance and stages of the wood frog (Rana sylvatica). site fidelity in the mink frog, Rana Ecology 71:1599–1608. septentrionalis: are males territorial? Journal Berven, K.A. 1995. Population regulation in of Herpetology 40:160–164. the wood frog, Rana sylvatica, from three Beyer, G.E.1900a. Louisiana herpetology. diverse geographic locations. Australian Proceedings of the Louisiana Society of Journal of Ecology 20:385–392. Naturalists for 1897–99. Appendix 1, pp. 25– Berven, K.A. 2009. Density dependence in the 33. terrestrial stage of wood frogs: evidence from Beyer, G.E.1900b. A check–list of the a 21–year population study. Copeia batrachians and reptiles of Louisiana. 2009:328–338. Proceedings of the Louisiana Society of Berven, K.A., and B.G. Chadra. 1988. The Naturalists for 1897–99. Appendix 1, pp. 33– relationship among egg size, density and food 46. level on larval development in the wood frog Bezy, K.B., R.L. Bezy, K. Bolles, and E.F. (Rana sylvatica). Oecologia 75:67–72. Enderson. 2004. Breeding behavior of the Berven, K.A., and T.A. Grudzien. 1990. (Pseudacris triseriata Dispersal in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica): complex) in Arizona: do chorus frogs call in implications for genetic population structure. the snow on the Colorado Plateau? Sonoran Evolution 44:2047–2056. Herpetologist 17:82–85. Berven, K.A., and R.S. Boltz. 2001. Interactive Bezy, R.L., W.C. Sherbrooke, and C.H. Lowe. effects of leech (Desserobdella picta) 1966. Rediscovery of Eleutherodactylus infection on wood frog (Rana sylvatica) augusti in Arizona. Herpetologica 22:221– tadpole fitness traits. Copeia 2001:907–915. 225. Berven, K.A., D.E. Gill, and S.J. Smith–Gill. Bider, J.R., and K.A. Morrison. 1981. Changes 1979. Countergradient selection in the green in toad (Bufo americanus) responses to frog, Rana clamitans. Evolution 33:609–623. abiotic factors at the northern limit of their Bervier, C.R., K. Larson, K. Reilly, and S. Tat. distribution. American Midland Naturalist 2004. Vocal repertoire and calling activity of 106:293–304. the mink frog, Rana septentrionalis. Bider, J.R., and S. Matte. 1996. The Atlas of Amphibia–Reptilia 25:255–264. Amphibians and Reptiles of Québec. St. Bervier, C.R., D.C. Tierney, L.E. Henderson, Lawrence Valley Natural History Society and and H.E. Reid. 2006. Chorus attendance and the Ministère de l’Environnment et de la site fidelity in the mink frog, Rana Faune Direction de la faune et des habitats septentrionalis: are males territorial? Journal Québec, Sainte–Anne–de–Bellevue, Québec. of Herpetology 40:160–164. Biek, R., L. S. Mills and R. B. Bury. 2002. Bettaso, J., A. Haggerty, and E. Russell. 2008. Terrestrial and stream amphibians across Rana boylii (Foothill Yellow–legged Frog). clearcut-forest interfaces in the Siskiyou Necrogamy. Herpetological Review 39:462. Mountains, Oregon. Northwest Science Bettaso, J., J. Carlson, B. Fahey and M. 76:129–140. Thomas. 2011. Rana boylii (Foothill Yellow– Biesterfeldt, J.M., J.W. Petranka, and S. legged Frog) and Anaxyrus boreas (Western Sherbondy. 1993. Prevalence of chemical Toad).Interspecific amplexus. Herpetological interference competition in natural Review 42:589. populations of wood frogs, Rana sylvatica. Bevier, C.R., D.C. Tierney, L.E. Henderson, Copeia 1993:688–695. 23

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

Biklé, A. 1985. Amphibians of the Landels– and Environmental Stress in Aquatic Hill Big Creek Reserve. Environmental Field Systems, U.S. Department of Energy Program, University of California–Santa Symposium Series No. 48. Cruz, Special Paper No. 4. Birge, W.J., and J.J. Just. 1973. Sensitivity of Bimber, D.L., and R.A. Mitchell. 1978. Effects embryos to heavy metals as a of diquat on amphibian embryo development. criterion of water quality. Water Resources Ohio Journal of Science 78:50–51. Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Binckley, C.A., and W.J. Resetarits, Jr. 2002. Research Report 61. Reproductive divisions under threat of Birge, W.J., J.A, Black, and A.G. Westerman. predation: treefrog (Hyla 1979. Evaluation of aquatic pollutants using squirella) responses to banded sunfish fish and amphibian as bioassay (Enneacanthus obesus).Oecologia 130:157– organisms. Pp. 108–118 In Animals as 161. Monitors of Environmental Pollutants. Binckley, C.A., and W.J. Resetarits. 2003. National Academy of Sciences, Washington. Functional equivalence of non–lethal effects: Birge, W.J., J.A. Black, and R.A. Kuehne. generalized fish avoidance determines 1980. Effects of organic compounds on distribution of gray treefrog, Hyla amphibian reproduction. Water Resources chrysoscelis, larvae. Oikos 102:623–629. Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Binckley, C. A., and W.J. Resetarits, Jr. 2007. Research Report 121. Effects of forest canopy on habitat selection Birge, W.J., J.A. Black, A.G. Westerman, and in treefrogs and aquatic : B.A. Ramey. 1983. Fish and amphibian implications for communities and embryos: a model system for evaluating metacommunities. Oecologia 153:951–958. tetratogenicity. Fundamental and Applied Binckley, C. A., and W.J. Resetarits, Jr. 2008. Toxicology 3:237–242. Oviposition behavior partitions aquatic Birge, W.J., A.G. Westerman, and J.A. landscapes along predation and nutrient Spromberg. 2000. Comparative toxicology gradients. Behavioral Ecology 19:552–557. and risk assessment of amphibians. Pp. 727– Birchfield, G.L. 2002. Green frog (Rana 791 In D.W. Sparling, G. Linder, and C.A. clamitans) movement behavior and terrestrial Bishop (eds.), Ecotoxicology of Amphibians habitat use in fragmented landscapes in and Reptiles. SETAC Press, Pensacola, central Missouri. Ph.D. dissertation, Florida. University of Missouri, Columbia. Birkhead, R.D., G.R. Mullen, and W.C. Birchfield, G.L., and J.E. Deters. 2005. Welbourne. 2007. Rana sphenocephala Movement paths of displaced northern green utricularia. (Southern Leopard Frog). frogs (Rana clamitansmelanota). Ectoparasites. Herpetological Review 38:194. Southeastern Naturalist 4:63–76. Bishop, C.A., K.E. Pettit, M.E. Gartshore, and Birdsall, C.W., C.E. Grue, and A. Anderson. D.A. MacLeod. 1997. Extensive monitoring 1986. Lead concentrations in bullfrog Rana of anuran populations using call counts and catesbeiana and green frog R. clamitans road transects in Ontario (1992 to 1993). tadpoles inhabiting highway drainages. SSAR Herpetological Conservation 1:149– Environmental Pollution (Series A) 40:233– 160. 247. Bishop, C.A., N.A. Mahony, J. Struger, P. Ng, Birge, W.J. 1978. Aquatic toxicology of trace and K.E. Pettitt. 1999. Anuran development, elements of coal and ash. Pp. 219–240 In density and diversity in relation to J.H. Thorp and G.W. Gibbons (eds.), Energy agricultural activity in the Holland River 24

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watershed, Ontario, Canada (1990–1992). Montana. Herpetologica 23:314–315. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Black, J.H. 1968. A possible stimulus for the 57:21–43. formation of some aggregations in tadpoles Bishop, D.C. 2003. Rana okaloosae (Florida of Scaphipus bombifrons. Proceedings of the Bog Frog). Predation. Herpetological Review Oklahoma Academy of Science 49:13–14. 34:235. Black, J.H. 1969. Ethoecology of tadpoles of Bishop, D.C. 2005. Ecology and distribution of Bufo americanus charlesmithi in a temporary the Florida bog frog and flatwoods pool in Oklahoma. Journal of Herpetology on Eglin Air Force Base. Ph.D. 3:198. dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute Black, J.H. 1970. Amphibians of Montana. and State University, Blacksburg. Montana Fish and Game Department, Bishop, D.C., C.A. Haas, and L.O. Mahoney. Animals of Montana Series No. 1. 2012. Responses of Lithobates okaloosae, L. Black, J.H. 1971. The toad genus Bufo in clamitans and L. sphenocephalus tadpoles to Montana. Northwest Science 45:156–162. chemical cues of snake and fish predators. Black, J.H. 1973a. A checklist of the cave Florida Scientist 75:1–10. of Oklahoma: Amphibia. Proceedings Bishop, L.A., and T.M. Farrell. 1994. of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 53:33– Thamnophis sauritus sackenii (Peninsula 37. Ribbon Snake). Behavior. Herpetological Black, J.H. 1973b. Ethoecology of Scaphiopus Review 25:127. (Pelobatidae) larvae in temporary pools in Bishop, S.C. 1927. The amphibians and central and southwestern Oklahoma. Ph.D. reptiles of Allegany State Park. New York dissertation, University of Oklahoma, State Museum Handbook No. 3. Norman. Bisrat, S.A. 2010. Modeling bark Black, J.H. 1974a. Larval spadefoot survival. outbreak and fire interactions in western U.S. Journal of Herpetology 8:371–373. forests and the invasion potential of an Black, J.H. 1974b. Bullfrog eating a . invasive Puerto Rican frog in Hawaii using Herpetological Review 5:105. remote sensing data. Ph.D. dissertation, Utah Black, J.H. 1975. The formation of “tadpole State University, Logan. nests” by anuran larvae. Herpetologica Bisrat, S.A., M.A. White, K.H. Beard, and 31:76–79. D.R. Cutler. 2012. Predicting the distribution Black, J.H. 1976. Oklahoma leopard frogs. potential of an invasive frog using remotely Bulletin of the Oklahoma Herpetological sensed data in Hawaii. Diversity and Society 1:6– 10. Distributions 18:648–660. Black, J.H., and J.N. Black. 1968. Frog with a Black, I.H., and K.L. Gosner. 1958. The tail. Montana Outdoors 3(3):not paginated (3 barking tree frog, Hyla gratiosa in New pp.). Jersey. Herpetologica 13:254–255. Black, J.H., and J.N. Black. 1969. Black, J.D. 1938. Additional records of Rana Postmetamorphic basking aggregations of the sylvatica in Arkansas. Copeia 1938:48–49. boreal toad, Bufo boreas boreas. Canadian Black, J.D., and S.C. Dellinger. 1938. Field–Naturalist 83:155–156. Herpetology of Arkansas. Part 2. The Black, J.H., and R.B. Brunson. 1971. Breeding Amphibians. Occasional Papers of the behavior of the boreal toad, Bufo boreas University of Arkansas Museum No. 2:1–30. boreas (Baird and Girard), in western Black, J.H. 1967. A blue leopard frog from Montana. Great Basin Naturalist 31:109–113. 25

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

Black, J.H., and G. Sievert. 1989. A Field the Mountains, Colorado. Copeia Guide to the Amphibians of Oklahoma. 1951:239–240. Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Blair, A.P. 1955. Distribution, variation, and Conservation, Oklahoma City. hybridization in a relict toad (Bufo Black, J.H., T. Hunkapiller, and D. Dawson. microscaphus) in southwestern Utah. 1976. Winter activity in Oklahoma frogs. American Museum Novitates 1722:1–38. Bulletin of the Oklahoma Herpetological Blair, A.P. 1963. Notes on anuran behavior Society 1:22. especially Rana catesbeiana. Herpetologica Blackburn, L.M., C.D. Hoefler, and P. 19:151. Nanjappa. 2002. Acris crepitans blanchardi Blair, A.P. 1967. Bullfrog attempts to catch (Blanchard’s Cricket Frog). Predation. dove. Southwestern Naturalist 12:201–202. Herpetological Review 33:299. Blair, A.P., and H.L. Lindsay, Jr. 1961. Hyla Blair, A.P. 1941a. Variation, isolation avivoca (Hylidae) in Oklahoma. mechanisms and hybridization in certain Southwestern Naturalist 6:202. toads. Genetics 26:398–417. Blair, J., and R.J. Wassersug. 2000. Variation Blair, A.P. 1941b. Isolating mechanisms in tree in the pattern of predator–induced damage to frogs. Proceedings of the National Academy tadpole tails. Copeia 2000:390–401. of Sciences 27:14–17. Blair, W.F. 1936. A note on the ecology of Blair, A.P. 1942. Isolating mechanisms in a Microhyla olivacea. Copeia 1936:115. complex of four species of toads. Biological Blair, W.F. 1949. Development of the solitary Symposia 6:235–249. spadefoot toad in Texas. Copeia 1949:72. Blair, A.P. 1943a. Geographical variation of Blair, W.F. 1951. Interbreeding of natural ventral markings in toads. American Midland populations of vertebrates. American Naturalist 29:615–620. Naturalist 85:9–30. Blair, A.P. 1943b. Population structure in Blair, W.F. 1953. Growth, dispersal and age at toads. American Naturalist 77:563–568. sexual maturity of the Mexican toad (Bufo Blair, A.P. 1946. Description of a six–year–old valliceps Wiegmann). Copeia 1953:208–212. hybrid toad. American Museum Novitates Blair, W.F. 1955a. Size difference as a possible 1327:1–3. isolation mechanism in Microhyla. American Blair, A.P. 1947a. Variation in two Naturalist 89:297–302. characteristics in Bufo fowleri and Bufo Blair, W.F. 1955b. Mating call and stage of americanus. American Museum Novitates speciation in the Microhyla olivacea–M. 1343:1–5. carolinensis complex. Evolution 9:469–480. Blair, A.P. 1947b. The male warning vibration Blair, W.F. 1955c. Differentiation of mating in Bufo. American Museum Novitates call in spadefoots, genus Scaphiopus. Texas 1344:1–7. Journal of Science 7:183–188. Blair, A.P. 1947c. Defensive use of parotoid Blair, W.F. 1956a. The mating calls of hybrid secretion by Bufo marinus. Copeia 1947:137. toads. Texas Journal of Science 8:350–355. Blair, A.P. 1950a. Notes on Oklahoma Blair, W.F. 1956b. Call difference as an microhylid frogs. Copeia 1950:152. isolation mechanism in Southwestern toads Blair, A.P. 1950b. Skittering locomotion in (genus Bufo). Texas Journal of Science 8:87– Acris crepitans. Copeia 1950:237. 106. Blair, A.P. 1951a. Winter activity in Oklahoma Blair, W.F. 1956c. Comparative survival of frogs. Copeia 1951:178. hybrid toads (Bufo woodhousei x B. Blair, A.P. 1951b. Note on the herpetology of valliceps) in nature. Copeia 1956:259–260. 26

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Blair, W.F. 1956d. Mating call and possible Blair, W.F. 1963b. Evolutionary relationships stage of speciation in the Great Basin of North American toads of the genus Bufo: a spadefoot. Texas Journal of Science 8:236– progress report. Evolution 17:1–16. 238. Blair, W.F. 1964. Evidence bearing on the Blair, W.F. 1957a. Mating call and relationships of the Bufo boreas group of relationships of Bufo hemiophrys Cope. toads. Texas Journal of Science 16:181–192. Texas Journal of Science 9:99–108. Blair, W.F. 1966. Genetic compatability in the Blair, W.F. 1957b. Structure of the call and Bufo valliceps and closely related groups of relationships of Bufo microscaphus Cope. toads. Texas Journal of Science 18:333–351. Copeia 1957:208–212. Blair, W.F. 1971. Structure of the call and Blair, W.F. 1958a. Call difference as an relationships of Bufo microscaphus Cope. isolation mechanism in Florida species of Copeia 1957:208–212. hylid frogs. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Blair, W.F. 1972. Evidence from hybridization. Academy of Sciences 21:32–48. Pp. 196–232 In W.F. Blair (ed.), Evolution in Blair, W.F. 1958b. Mating call and stage of the Genus Bufo. University of Texas Press, speciation of two allopatric populations of Austin. spadefoots (Scaphiopus). Texas Journal of Blair, W.F. 1974. in Science 10:484–488. frogs. American Zoologist 14:1119–1125. Blair, W.F. 1958c. Call structure and species Blair, W.F., and D. Pettus. 1954. The mating groups in U.S. treefrogs (Hyla). call and its significance in the Colorado River Southwestern Naturalist 3:77–89. toad (Bufo alvarius Girard). Texas Journal of Blair, W.F. 1958d. Response of a green Science 6:72–77. treefrog (Hyla cinerea) to the call of the Blair, W.F., and M.J. Littlejohn. 1960. Stage of male. Copeia 1958:333–334. speciation of two allopatric populations of Blair, W.F. 1959. Genetic compatibility and chorus frogs (Pseudacris). Evolution 14:82– species groups in U.S. toads (Bufo). Texas 87. Journal of Science 11:427–453. Blair, W.R. 1964. Evidence bearing on the Blair, W.F. 1960a. A breeding population of relationships of the Bufo boreas group of the Mexican toad (Bufo valliceps) in relation toads. Texas Journal of Science 16:181–192. to its environment. Ecology 41:165–174. Blanchard, F. N. 1922. The amphibians and Blair, W.F. 1960b. Mating call as evidence of reptiles of western Tennessee. Occasional relations in the Hyla eximia group. Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Southwestern Naturalist 5:129–135. University of Michigan 117:1 – 18. Blair, W.F. 1961a. Further evidence bearing on Blanchard, F.N. 1925. A collection of intergroup and intragroup genetic amphibians and reptiles from southern compatibility in toads (genus Bufo). Texas and adjacent Kentucky. Papers of Journal of Science 13:163–175. the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Blair, W.F. 1961b. Calling and spawning Letters 5:367–388. seasons in a mixed population of anurans. Blanchard, F.N. 1933. Late autumn collections Ecology 42:99–110. and hibernating situations of the salamander Blair, W.F. 1963a. Intragroup genetic Hemidactylium scutatum (Schlegel) in compatibility in the Bufo americanus species southern Michigan. Copeia 1933:216. group of toads. Texas Journal of Science Blaney, R.M. 1971. An annotated check list 15:15–34. and biogeographic analysis of the insular 27

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

herpetofauna of the Apalachicola region, Explaining frog deformities. Scientific Florida. Herpetologica 27:406–430. American 288:60–65. Blatchley, W.S. 1892. Notes on the batrachians Blaustein, A.R., and P.T.J. Johnson. 2010. and reptiles of Vigo County, Indiana. Journal When an infection turns lethal. Nature 465: of the Indiana Society of Natural History 881–882. 14:27. Blaustein, A.R., and L.B. Kats. 2003. Blatchley, W.S. 1899. Notes on the batrachians Amphibians in a very bad light. Bioscience and reptiles of Vigo County, Indiana. II. 53: 1028–1029. Annual Report of the Indiana Blaustein, A.R., R.K. O’Hara, and D.H. Olson. Department of and Natural 1984. Kin preference behaviour is present Resources 24:537–552. after metamorphosis in Rana cascadae frogs. Blaustein, A.R., 1988. Ecological correlates Animal Behaviour 32:445–450. and potential functions of kin recognition and Blaustein, A.R., K.S. Chang, H.G. Lefcourt, kin association in anuran larvae. Behavior and R.K. O’Hara. 1990. Toad tadpole kin Genetics 18:449–464. recognition: recognition of half siblings and Blaustein, A.R. 1994. Amphibians in a bad the role of maternal cues. Ethology, Ecology light. Natural History 103(10):32–37. and Evolution 2:215–226. Blaustein, A.R., and R.K. O’Hara. 1982a. Kin Blaustein, A.R., D.G. Hokit, R.K. O’Hara, and recognition in Rana cascadae tadpoles: R.A. Holt. 1994a. Pathogenic fungus maternal and paternal effects. Animal contributes to amphibian losses in the Behaviour 30:1151–1157. Pacific Northwest. Biological Conservation Blaustein, A.R., and R.K. O’Hara. 1982b. Kin 67:251–254. recognition cues in Rana cascadae tadpoles. Blaustein, A.R., P.D. Hoffman, D.G. Hokit, Behavioral and Neural Biology 36:77–87. J.M. Kiesecker, S.C. Walls, and J.B. Hays. Blaustein, A.R., and R.K. O’Hara. 1986. An 1994b. UV repair and resistance to solar UV– investigation of kin recognition in red–legged B in amphibian eggs: a link to population frogs (Rana aurora) tadpoles. Journal of declines. Proceedings of the National Zoology, London 209:347–353. Academy of Science, USA 91:1791–1795. Blaustein, A.R., and L.K. Belden. 1987. Blaustein, A.R., J.M. Kiesecker, D.G. Hokit, Aggregation behaviour in Rana cascadae and S.C. Walls. 1995. Amphibian declines tadpoles: association preferences among wild and UV radiation. Bioscience 45:514–515 aggregations and responses to non–kin. Blaustein, A.R., P.D. Hoffman, J.M. Kiesecker, Animal Behaviour 35:1549–1555. and J.B. Hayes. 1996a. DNA repair activity Blaustein, A.R., and B. Waldman. 1992. Kin and resistance to solar UV–B radiation in recognition in anuran amphibians. Animal eggs of the red–legged frog. Conservation Behaviour 44:207–221. Biology 10:1398–1402. Blaustein, A.R., and L.K. Belden. 2003. Blaustein, A.R., J.M. Kiesecker, S.C. Walls, Amphibian defenses against ultraviolet–B and D.G. Hokit. 1996b. Field experiments, radiation. Evolution & Development 5:89– amphibian mortality, and UV radiation. 97. Bioscience 46: 386–388. Blaustein, A.R., and P.T.J. Johnson. 2003a. Blaustein, A.R., J.M. Kiesecker, D.P. Chivers, The complexity of deformed amphibians. and R.G. Anthony. 1997. Ambient UV–B Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment radiation causes deformities in amphibian 1:87–94. embryos. Proceedings of the National Blaustein, A.R., and P.T.J. Johnson. 2003b. Academy of Sciences USA 94:13735– 28

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13737. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Blaustein, A.R., J.M. Kiescecker, D.P. Society B 367:1688–1707. Chivers, D.G. Hokit, A. Marco, L.K. Belden, Bleakney, S. 1952. The amphibians and and A. Hatch. 1998. Effects of ultraviolet reptiles of Nova Scotia. Canadian Field– radiation on amphibians: field experiments. Naturalist 66:125–129. American Zoologist 38:799–812. Bleakney, S. 1954. Range extensions of Blaustein, A.R., J.B. Hays, P.D. Hoffman, D.P. amphibians in eastern Canada. Canadian Chivers, J.M. Kiesecker, W.P. Leonard, A. Field–Naturalist 68:165–171. Marco, D.H. Olson, J.K. Reaser, and R.G. Bleakney, J.S. 1958a. A zoogeographical study Anthony. 1999. DNA repair and resistance to of the amphibians and reptiles of eastern UV–B radiation in western spotted frogs. Canada. National Museum of Canada Ecological Applications 9:1100–1105. Bulletin 155:1–119. Blaustein, A.R., J.M. Romansic, J.M. Bleakney, S. 1958b. Cannibalism in Rana Kiesecker, and A.C. Hatch. 2003. Ultraviolet sylvatica tadpoles. Herpetologica 14:34. radiation, toxic chemicals and amphibian Bleakney, S. 1959. Postglacial dispersal of the population declines. Diversity and western chorus frog in eastern Canada. Distributions 9:123–140. Canadian Field–Naturalist 73:197–205. Blaustein, A.R., B. Han, B. Fasy, J. Romansic, Bleakney, S. 1963. First North American E.A. Scheessele, R.G. Anthony, A. Marco, record of Bufolucilia silvarum (Meigen) D.P. Chivers, L.K. Belden, J.M. Kiesecker, (Diptera: Calliphoridae) parasitizing Bufo T. Garcia, M. Lizana, and L.B. Kats. 2004. terrestris americanus Holbrook. Canadian Variable breeding phenology affects the Entomologist 95:107. exposure of amphibian embryos to ultraviolet Blem, C.R., J.W. Steiner, and M.A. Miller. radiation and optical characteristics of natural 1978. Comparison of jumping abilities of the waters protect amphibians from UV–B in the cricket frogs Acris gryllus and Acris U.S. Pacific Northwest: comment. Ecology crepitans. Herpetologica 34:288–291. 85:1747–1754. Blem, C.R., C.A. Ragan, and L.S. Scott. 1986. Blaustein, A.R., J.M. Romansic, and E.A. The thermal physiology of two sympatric Scheessele. 2005. Ambient levels of treefrogs Hyla cinerea and Hyla chrysoscelis ultraviolet–B radiation cause mortality in (Anura: Hylidae). Comparative Biochemistry juvenile western toads, Bufo boreas. and Physiology A 85:563–570. American Midland Naturalist 154:375–382. Blihovde, W.B. 2000. Rana capito aesopus Blaustein, A.R., B.A. Han, R.A. Relyea, P.T.J. (Florida Gopher Frog). Ectoparasites. Johnson, J.C. Buck, S.S. Gervasi, and L.B. Herpetological Review 31:101. Kats. 2011. The complexity of amphibian Blihovde, W.B. 2006. Terrestrial movements population declines: understanding the role of and upland habitat use of gopher frogs in cofactors in driving amphibian losses. Annals central Florida. Southeastern Naturalist of the New York Academy of Sciences 5:265–276. 1223:108–119. Blomquist, S.M. 2005. Bufo retiformis Sanders Blaustein, A.R., S.S. Gervasi, P.T.J. Johnson, and Smith, 1951. Sonoran Green Toad. Pp. J.T. Hoverman, L.K. Belden, P.W. Bradley, 433– 435 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian and G.Y. Xie. 2012. Ecophysiology meets Declines. The Conservation Status of United conservation: understanding the role of States Species. University of California disease in amphibian population declines. Press, Berkeley. 29

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Blomquist, S.M., and J.C. Tull. 2002. Rana variation on head and limb morphology in the luteiventris (Columbia Spotted Frog). green tree frog, Hyla cinerea. American Burrow use. Herpetological Review 33:131. Naturalist 138:717–728. Blomquist, S.M., and M.J. Hunter, Jr. 2007. Blouin, M.S., and S.T. Brown. 2000. Effects of Externally attached radio–transmitters have temperature–induced variation in larval limited effects of the anti–predator behavior growth rate on head width and leg length at and vagility of Rana pipiens and Rana metamorphosis. Oecologia 125:358–361. sylvatica. Journal of Herpetology 41:430– Blouin, M.S., I. C. Phillipsen, and K. J. 438. Monsen. 2010. Population structure and Blomquist, S.M., and M.L. Hunter, Jr. 2009. A conservation genetics of the Oregon spotted multi–scale assessment of habitat selection frog, Rana pretiosa. Conservation Genetics and movement patterns by northern leopard 11:2179–2194. frogs (Lithobates [Rana] pipiens) in a Bly, B.L. 2004. Population dynamics of three managed forest. Herpetological Conservation amphibian species across the Sheyenne and Biology 4:142–160. National Grassland of southeastern South Blosser, E. M., and L.P. Lonnibos. 2012. Dakota. M.S. thesis, Universiy of North Florida’s frog–biting mosquitoes. Wing Dakota, Grand Forks. Beats (Spring):5–8, 11–12. [University of Boatright–Horowitz, S.S., C.A. Cheney, and Florida Department] A.M. Simmons. 1999. Atmospheric and Blouin, M.S. 1989a. Life history correlates of a underwater propagation of bullfrog color polymorphism in the ornate chorus vocalizations. Bioacoustics 9:257–280. frog, Pseudacris ornata. Copeia 1989:319– Boatright–Horowitz, S. L., S. S. Horowitz, and 325. A. M. Simmons. 2000. Patterns of vocal Blouin, M.S. 1989b. Inheritance of a naturally interactions in a bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) occurring color polymorphism in the ornate chorus: preferential responding to far chorus frog, Pseudacris ornata. Copeia neighbors. Ethology 106: 701–712. 1989:1056–1059. Bodnar, D.A. 1996. The separate and combined Blouin, M.S. 1990. Evolution of palatability effects of harmonic structure, phase, and FM differences between closely–related on female preferences in the barking treefrog treefrogs. Journal of Herpetology 24:309– (Hyla gratiosa). Journal of Comparative 311. Physiology A 178:173–182. Blouin, M.S. 1991. Proximate development Boenke, M. 2011. Terrestrial habitat and causes of limb length variation between Hyla ecology of Fowler's toads, Anaxyrus fowleri. cinerea and Hyla gratiosa (Anura: Hylidae). M.S. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Journal of Morphology 209:305–310. Québec. Blouin, M.S. 1992a. Comparing bivariate Boenke, M., and D.M. Green. 2012. Anaxyrus reaction norms among species: time and size fowleri (Fowler’s Toad). Habitat. at metamorphosis in three species of Hyla Herpetological Review 43:461. (Anura: Hylidae). Oecologia 90:288–293. Bogart, J.P., and C.E. Nelson. 1976. Blouin, M.S. 1992b. Genetic correlations Evolutionary implications from karyotypic among morphometric traits and rates of analysis of frogs of the families growth and differentiation in the green tree and . frog, Hyla cinerea. Evolution 46:735–744. Herpetologica 32:199–208. Blouin, M.S., and M.L.G. Loeb. 1991. Effects Bogart, J.P., and A.P. Jaslow. 1979. of environmentally induced development rate Distribution and call parameters of Hyla 30

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chrysoscelis and Hyla versicolor in pipiens). Animal Behaviour 17:474–479. Michigan. Life Boice, R., and C. Boice. 1970. Interspecific Sciences Contribution No. 117. competition in captive Bufo marinus and Bogert, C.M. 1930. An annotated list of the Bufo americanus toads. Journal of Biological amphibians and reptiles of Los Angeles Psychology 12:32–36. County, California. Bulletin of the Boice, R., and R.C. Williams. 1971. Delay in Southern California Academy of Science onset of tonic immobility in Rana pipiens. 29:3–14. Copeia 1971:747–748. Bogert, C.M. 1933. Notes on Boiteau, G., and P. C. McCarthy. 2010. Is there amphibians. Grand Canyon Nature Notes. a role for stripes of adults and colour of [reprinted in S. Lamb (ed). 1994. The Best of larvae in determining the avoidance of the Grand Canyon Nature Notes, 1926–1935. Colorado potato beetle by the American Grand Canyon Natural History Association] toad? Canadian Journal of Zoology 88: 468– Bogert, C.M. 1947. Results of the Archbold 478. Expeditions. No. 57. A field study of homing Boivin, E. 2012. Batrachochytrium in the Carolina toad. American Museum dendrobatidis in the Adirondacks, New Novitates 1355:1–24. York, USA. Herpetological Review 43:610. Bogert, C.M. 1958. Sounds of North American Bolek, M.G. 2006. The role of frogs. The biological significance of voice in second intermediate hosts as avenues for and frogs. Folkway Records and Service constraints on the transmission of frog lung Corporation, New York. 16 pp. flukes (: Haematoloechidae). Ph.D. Bogert, C.M. 1960. The influence of sound on dissertation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln. the behavior of amphibians and reptiles. Pp. Bolek, M.G., and J.R. Coggins. 1998. 37– 320 In W.E. Lanyon and W.N. Tavolga Endoparasites of Cope’s gray treefrog, Hyla (eds.), Animal Sounds and Communication, chrysoscelis, and western chorus frog, American Institute of Biological Sciences Pseudacris t. triseriata, from southeastern Publication No. 7, Washington, D.C. Wisconsin. Journal of the Helminthological Bogert, C.M. 1962. Isolation mechanisms in Society of Washington 65:212–218. toads of the Bufo debilis group in Arizona Bolek, M.G., and J.R. Coggins. 2000. Seasonal and western Mexico. American Museum occurrence and community structure of Novitates 2100:1–37. helminth parasites from the eastern American Bogosian, V., III, E.C. Hellgren and R.W. toad, Bufo americanus americanus, from Moody. 2012. Assemblages of amphibians, southeastern Wisconsin, U.S.A. Comparative reptiles, and mammals on an urban military Parasitology 67:202–209. base in Oklahoma. Southwestern Naturalist Bolek, M.G., and J.R. Coggins. 2001. Seasonal 57:277–284. occurrence and community structure of Bohnsack, K.K. 1951. Temperature data on the helminth parasites in green frogs, Rana terrestrial hibernation of the greenfrog, Rana clamintans melanota, from southeastern clamitans. Copeia 1951:236–239. Wisconsin, U.S.A. Comparative Parasitology Bohnsack, K.K. 1952. Terrestrial hibernation 68:164–172. of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana Shaw. Bolek, M.G., and J.R. Coggins. 2002. Copeia 1952:114. Observations on myiasis by the calliphorid, Boice, R., and D.W. Witter. 1969. Hierarchical Bufolucilia silvarum, in the eastern feeding behaviour in the leopard frog (Rana American toad (Bufo americanus 31

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americanus) from southeastern Wisconsin. of Parasitology 95:604–616. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38:598–603. Bolek, M.G., S. D. Snyder, and J. Janovy, Jr. Bolek, M.G., and J.R. Coggins. 2003. Helminth 2009b. Redescription of the frog bladder community structure of sympatric fluke Gorgoderina attenuata from the easternAmerican toad, Bufo americanus northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Journal americanus, northern leopard frog, Rana of Parasitology 95:665–668. pipiens, and blue–spotted salamander, Bollinger, R. R. 1966. A study of the biology Ambystoma laterale, from southeastern of the trypanosomes of Rana clamitans Wisconsin. Journal of Parasitology 89:673– clamitans. Ph.D. dissertation,Tulane 680. University, New Orleans, Louisiana. Bolek, M.G., and J. Janovy, Jr. 2004a. Bollinger, R. R., J. R. Seed, and A. A. Gam. Observations on myiasis by the calliphorids, 1968. Studies on frog trypanosomiasis II. Bufolucilia silvarum and Bufolucilia Seasonal variations in the parasitemia levels elongata, in wood frogs, Rana sylvatica, of Trypanosoma rotatorium in Rana from southeastern Wisconsin. Journal of clamitans from Louisiana. Tulane Studies in Parasitology 90:1169–1171. Zoology and Botany 15: 64–69. Bolek, M.G., and J. Janovy, Jr. 2004b. Rana Bonin, J., J.–L. DesGranges, J. Rodrigue, and catesbeiana (Bullfrog). Gigantic tadpole. M. Ouellet. 1997a. Anuran species richness Herpetological Review 35:376–377. in agricultural landscapes of Québec: Bolek, M.G., and J. Janovy, Jr. 2004c. Rana foreseeing long–term results of road call blairi (Plains Leopard Frog). Prey. surveys. SSAR Herpetological Conservation Herpetological Review 35:262. 1:141–149. Bolek, M.G., and J. Janovy, Jr. 2005. New host Bonin, J., M. Ouellet, J. Rodrigue, J.–L. and distribution records for the amphibian DesGranges, F. Gagné, T.F. Sharbel, and leech Desserobdella picta L.A. Lowcock. 1997b. Measuring the health (Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae) from of frogs in agricultural habitats subjected to Nebraska and Wisconsin. Journal of pesticides. SSAR Herpetological Freshwater Ecology 20:187–189. Conservation 1:246–257. Bolek, M.G., and J. Janovy, Jr. 2007. Rana Bonine, K.E., G.H. Dayton, and R.E. Jung. catesbeiana (American Bullfrog). Diet. 2001. Attempted predation of Couch’s Herpetological Review 38:325–326. spadefoot (Scaphiopus couchii) juveniles Bolek, M.G., and J. Janovy, Jr. 2008. by (Aphaenogaster cockerelli). Alternative life cycle strategies of Southwestern Naturalist 46:104–106. Megalodiscus temperatus in tadpoles and Bonnaterre, M. l’A. 1789. Tableau metamorphosed anurans. Parasite, Journal de Encyclopédique et Méthodique des Trois la Societe Française de Parasitologie 15:396– Règnes de la Nature. Erpétologie. Chez 401. Panckoucke, Hôtel de Thou, Paris. Bolek, M.G., K.K. Brotan, R.E. Rudolph, and Boone, M.D. 2005. Juvenile frogs compensate J. Janovy, Jr. 2007. Bufo woodhousii for small metamorph size with terrestrial (Woodhouse’s Toad). Cannibalism. growth: overcoming the effects of larval Herpetological Review 38:319. density and insecticide exposure. Journal of Bolek, M.G., S. D. Snyder, and J. Janovy, Jr. Herpetology 39:416–423. 2009a. Alternative life cycle strategies and Boone, M.D. 2008. Examining the single and colonization of young anurans by interactive effects of three insecticides on Gorgoderina attenuata in Nebraska. Journal amphibian metamorphosis. Environmental 32

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Toxicology and Chemistry 27:1561–1568. 2004:683–690. Boone, M.D., and C.M. Bridges. 1999. The Boone, M.D., R.D. Semlitsch, J.F. Fairchild, effect of temperature on the potency of and B.B. Rothermel. 2004b. Effects of an carbaryl for survival of tadpoles of the green insecticide on amphibians in large–scale frog (Rana clamitans). Environmental experimental ponds. Ecological Applications Toxicology and Chemistry 18:1482–1484. 14:685–691. Boone, M.D., and C.M. Bridges. 2003. Effects Boone, M.D., R.D. Semlitsch, E.E. Little, and of carbaryl on green frog (Rana clamitans) M.C. Doyle. 2007. Multiple stressors in tadpoles: Timing of exposure versus multiple amphibian communities: interactive effects exposures. Environmental Toxicology and of chemical contamination, bullfrog tadpoles, Chemistry 22:2695–2702. and sunfish. Ecological Applications Boone, M.D., and R.D. Semlitsch. 2001. 17:291–301 Interactions of an insecticide with larval Boone, M.D., R.D. Semlitsch, and C. Mosby. density and predation in experimental 2008. Suitability of golf course ponds for amphibian communities. Conservation amphibian metamorphosis when bullfrogs are Biology 15:228–238. removed. Conservation Biology 22:172–179. Boone, M.D., and R.D. Semlitsch. 2002. Bos, D.H., and J.W. Sites. 2001. Interactions of an insecticide with Phylogeography and conservation genetics of competition and pond drying in amphibian the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris; communities. Ecological Applications Amphibia, Ranidae). Molecular Ecology 10: 12:307–316. 1499–1513. Boone, M.D., and R.D. Semlitsch. 2003. Bosakowski, T. 1999. Amphibian macrohabitat Interactions of bullfrog tadpole predators and associations on a private industrial forest in an insecticide: predation release and western Washington. Northwestern Naturalist facilitation. Oecologia 422:610–616. 80:61–69. Boone, M.D., and S.M. James. 2003. Bosc, L.A.G. 1800. In F.M. Daudin, Histoire Interactions of an insecticide, herbicide, and Naturelle des Quadrupèdes Ovipaires. natural stressors in amphibian community Livraison 1:10, plate 5, Marchant et Cie, mesocosms. Ecological Applications 13:829– Paris. 841. Bosc, L.A.G., and F.M. Daudin. 1801. Laraine Boone, M.D., and N.H. Sullivan. 2012. The ocularie, Hyla ocularis. In C.S. Sonnini and impact of an insecticide changes with amount P.A. Latreille, Histoire Naturelle des Reptiles, of leaf litter input: implications for avec Figures dissinées d'après Nature. Vol. 2. amphibian populations. Environmental Deterville, Paris. Toxicology and Chemistry 31:1518–1524. Boschulte, D.S. 1993. Toxicity of six Boone, M.D., C.M. Bridges, and B.B. commonly used herbicides on larval bullfrogs Rothermel. 2001. Growth and development (Rana catesbeiana). M.S. thesis, Illinois of larval green frogs (Rana clamitans) State University, Normal. exposed to multiple doses of an insecticide. Bossert, M., M. Draud, and T. Draud. 2003a. Oecologia 129:518– 524. Bufo fowleri (Fowler’s Toad) and Boone, M.D., E.E. Little, and R.D. Semlitsch. Malaclemys terrapin terrapin (Northern 2004a. Overwintered bullfrog tadpoles DiamondbackTerrapin). Refugia and nesting. negatively affect salamanders and anurans Herpetological Review 34:49. in native amphibian communities. Copeia Bossert, M., M. Draud, and T. Draud. 2003b. 33

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

Bufo fowleri (Fowler’s Toad) and the western United States. Herpetological Malaclemys terrapin terrapin (Northern Review 19:26–27. DiamondbackTerrapin). Refugia and nesting. Bourque, R.M. 2008. Spatial ecology of an Herpetological Review 34:135. inland population of the foothill yellow– Botch, P.S., M.C. Beers, and T.M. Judd. 2007. legged frog (Rana boylii) in Tehama County, The effects of calcium on the feeding California. M.A. thesis, Humboldt State preference of the tadpole of Bufo University, Arcata, California. americanus. Bulletin of the Maryland Bourque, R.M., and J.B. Bettaso. 2011. Rana Herpetological Society 43:162–166. boylii (Foothill Yellow–legged Frog). Bouchard, J.L. 1951. The platyhelminthes Reproduction. Herpetological Review 42:589. parasitizing some northern Maine amphibia. Bovbjerg, R.V. 1965. Experimental studies on Transactions of the American Microscopical the dispersal of the frog, Rana pipiens. Society 70:245–250. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Bouchard, J.L. 1953. An ecological and 72:412–418. taxonomic study of helminth parasites from Bovbjerg, R.V., and A.M. Bovbjerg. 1964. Oklahoma amphibians. Ph.D. dissertation, Summer emigrations of the frog Rana pipiens University of Oklahoma, Norman. in northwestern Iowa. Proceedings of the Bouchard, J., A.T. Ford, F.E. Eigenbrod, and Iowa Academy of Science 71:511–518. L. Fahrig. 2009. Behavioral responses of Bowen, K.D., and E.A. Beever. 2010. Daytime northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) to amphibian surveys in three protected areas in roads and traffic: implications for population the western Great . IRCF Reptiles & persistence. Ecology and Society 14(2):23. Amphibians 17:26–31, 34–35. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/Vol14/iss Bowerman, J. 2010. Submerged calling by 2/art23/ Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa) remote Boughton, R.G. 1997. The use of PVC refugia from breeding aggregations. IRCF Reptiles as a trapping technique for hylid treefrogs. & Amphibians 17:84–87. M.S. thesis, University of Florida, Bowerman, J., and P.T.J. Johnson. 2003. Gainesville. Timing of trematode–related malformations Boughton, R.G., J. Staiger, and R. Franz. 2000. in Oregon spotted frogs and Pacific Use of PVC pipe refugia as a sampling treefrogs. Northwestern Naturalist 84:142– technique for hylid treefrogs. American 145. Midland Naturalist 144:168–177. Bowerman, J, P.T.J. Johnson, and T. Boulenger, G.A. 1882. Descriptions of a new Bowerman. 2010. Sublethal predators and genus and species of frogs of the family their injured prey: linking aquatic predators Hylidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural and severe limb abnormalities in amphibians. History, Series 5, 10:326–328. Ecology 91:242–251. Boulenger, G.A. 1899. On the American Bowers, D.G., D.E. Andersen, and N.H. Euliss, spade–foot (Scaphiopus solitarius Holbrook). Jr. 1998. Anurans as indicators of wetland Proceedings of the Zoological Society of condition in the Prairie Pothole Region of London 1899(3):790–793. North Dakota: an environmental monitoring Boulenger, G.A. 1917. Descriptions of new and assessment program pilot project. Pp. frogs of the genus Rana. Annals of the 369–378 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Status & Magazine of Natural History 20:413–418. Distribution of Midwestern Amphibians. Boundy, J., and T.G. Balgooyen. 1988. Record University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. lengths of some amphibians and reptiles from Bowker, R.W., and B.K. Sullivan. 1991. Bufo 34

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punctatus x B. retiformis (Red–spotted Toad, Bradford, D.F. 1989. Allotopic distribution of Sonoran Green Toad). Natural hybridization. native frogs and introduced fishes in high Herpetological Review 22:54. Sierra Nevada lakes of California: Boyd, C.E. 1963. Waif dispersal in toads. implication of the negative effect of fish Herpetologica 18:269. introductions. Copeia 1989:775–778. Boyd, C.E. 1964. The distribution of cricket Bradford, D.F. 1991. Mass mortality and frogs in Mississippi. Herpetologica 20:201– in a high–elevation population of 202. Rana muscosa. Journal of Herpetology Boyd, C.E., S.V. Vinson, and D.E. Ferguson. 25:174–177. 1963. Possible DDT resistance in two species Bradford, D.F., C. Swanson, and M.S. Gordon. of frogs. Copeia 1963:426–429. 1992. Effects of low pH and aluminum on Boyd, C.E., and D.H. Vickers. 1963. two declining species of amphibians in the Distribution of some Mississippi amphibians Sierra Nevada, California. Journal of and reptiles. Herpetologica 19:202–205. Herpetology 26:369–377. Boyd, S.H. 1975. Inhibition of fish Bradford, D.F., F. Tabatabai, and D.M. Graber. reproduction by Rana catesbeiana larvae. 1993. Isolation of remaining populations of Physiological Zoology 48:225–234. the native frog, Rana muscosa, by Boykin, K.G. 2006. Multiscale analysis of introduced fishes in Sequoia and Kings habitat, vegetation change, and streamflow as Canyon National Parks, California. ecological factors affecting population Conservation Biology 7:882–888. dynamics of Rana chiricahuensis. Ph.D. Bradford, D.F., M.S. Gordon, D.F. Johnson, dissertation, State University, R.D. Andrews, and W.B. Jennings. 1994a. Las Cruces. Acidic deposition as an unlikely cause for Boykin, K.G., and K.C. McDaniel. 2008. amphibian population declines in the Sierra Simulated potential effects of ecological Nevada, California. Biological Conservation factors on a hypothetical population of 69:155–161. Chiricahua leopard frog (Rana Bradford, D.F., D.M. Graber, and F. Tabatabai. chiricahuensis). Ecological Modelling 1994b. Population declines of the native frog, 18:175–181. Rana muscosa, in Sequoia and Kings Canyon Brach, V. 1998. The jewel of the reeds. National Parks, California. Southwestern Reptiles Magazine 6(3):10–13. Naturalist 39:323–327. Bradford, D.F. 1982. Oxygen relations and Bradford, D.F., S.D. Cooper, T.M. Jenkins, Jr., water balance during hibernation, and K. Kratz, O. Sarnelle, and A.D. Brown. 1998. temperature regulation during summer, in a Influences of natural acidity and introduced high–elevation amphibian (Rana muscosa). fish on faunal assemblages in California Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, alpine lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries Los Angeles. and Aquatic Sciences 55:2478–2491. Bradford, D.F. 1983. Winterkill, oxygen Bradford, D.F., A.C. Neale, M.S. Nash, D.W. regulations, and energy metabolism of a Sada, and J.R. Jaeger. 2003. Habitat patch submerged dormant amphibian, Rana occupancy by toads (Bufo punctatus) in a muscosa. Ecology 64:1171–1183. naturally fragmented desert landscape. Bradford, D.F. 1984. Temperature modulation Ecology 84:1012–1023. in a high–elevation amphibian, Rana Bradford, D.F., J.R. Jaeger, and R.D. Jennings. muscosa. Copeia 1984:966–976. 2004. Population status and distribution of a 35

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

decimated amphibian, the relict leopard frog Bragg, A.N. 1937b. Observations on Bufo (Rana onca). Southwestern Naturalist 49: cognatus with special reference to the 218–228. breeding habits and eggs. American Bradford, D.F., J.R. Jaeger, and S.A. Shanahan. Midland Naturalist 18:273–284. 2005a. Distributional changes and population Bragg, A.N. 1939. Possible hybridization of status of amphibians in the eastern Mojave Bufo cognatus and B.w. woodhousii. Copeia Desert. Western North American Naturalist 1939:173. 65:462–472. Bragg, A.N. 1940a. Observations on the Bradford, D.F., R.D. Jennings, and J.R. Jaeger. ecology and natural history of Anura. 2. 2005b. Rana onca Cope, 1875(b). Relict Habits, habitat and breeding of Bufo Leopard Frog. Pp. 567–568 In M.J. Lannoo woodhousii woodhousii (Girard) in (ed.), Amphibian Declines. The Conservation Oklahoma. American Midland Naturalist Status of United States Species. University of 24:306–335. California Press, Berkeley. Bragg, A.N. 1940b. Observations on the Bradford, D.F., R.A. Knapp, D.W. Sparling, ecology and natural history of Anura. 6. The M.S. Nash, K.A. Stanley, N.G. Tallent– ecological importance of the study of the Halsell, L.L. McConnell, and S.M. Simonich. habits of animals as illustrated by toads. The 2011. Pesticide distributions and population Wasmann Collector 4:6–16. declines of California, USA, alpine frogs, Bragg, A.N. 1940c. Observations on the Rana muscosa and Rana sierrae. ecology and natural history of Anura. 1. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Habits, habitat and breeding of Bufo cognatus 30:682–691. Say. American Naturalist 74:322–349, 424– Bradley, G.A., P.C. Rosen, M.J. Sredl, T.R. 438. Jones, and J.E. Longcore. 2002. Bragg, A.N. 1941a. Tadpoles of Scaphiopus Chytridiomycosis in native Arizona frogs. bombifrons and Scaphiopus hammondii. The Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38:206–212. Wasmann Collector 4:92–94. Brady, M.K. 1925. Notes on the herpetology of Bragg, A.N. 1941b. Some observations on Hog Island. Copeia (137):110–111. amphibia at and near Las Vegas, New Brady, M. 1927. Notes on the amphibians and Mexico. Great Basin Naturalist 2:109–117. reptiles of the Dismal Swamp. Copeia Bragg, A.N. 1941c. Observations on the (162):26–29. ecology and natural history of Anura. 9. The Brady, M.K., and F. Harper. 1935. A Florida invasion of the Canadian River flood plain by subspecies of Pseudacris nigrita (Hylidae). two prairie species. Proceedings of the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Oklahoma Academy of Science 22:73–74. Washington 48:107–110. Bragg, A.N. 1941d. A corrected list of the Bragg, A.N. 1936a. Notes on the breeding amphibia known in central Oklahoma. habits, eggs, and embryos of Bufo cognatus Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of with a description of the tadpole. Copeia Science 1941:16–17. 1936:14–20. Bragg, A.N. 1941e. Observations on the Bragg, A.N. 1936b. The ecological distribution ecology and natural history of anura VIII. of some North American anura. The Some factors in the initiation of breeding American Naturalist 70:459–466. behavior. Turtox News 19:1–3. Bragg, A.N. 1937a. A note on the Bragg, A.N. 1941f. Observations on the metamorphosis of the tadpoles of Bufo ecology and natural history of anura. XI. The cognatus. Copeia 1937:227–228. invasion of the Canadian River flood plain by 36

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two prairie species. Proceedings of the Bragg, A.N. 1948a. Observations on Hyla Oklahoma Academy of Science 1941:73–74. versicolor in Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Bragg, A.N. 1942. Observations on the ecology Oklahoma Academy of Science 28:31–35. and natural history of Anura. 10. The Bragg, A.N. 1948b. Observations on the life breeding habits of Pseudacris streckeri history of Pseudacris triseriata (Wied.) in Wright and Wright in Oklahoma including a Oklahoma. The Wasmann Collector 7:149– description of the eggs and tadpoles. 168. Wasmann Collector 5:47–62. Bragg, A.N. 1950a. Salientian breeding dates Bragg, A.N. 1943a. Observations on the in Oklahoma. Pp. 35–38 In Researches on the ecology and natural history of Anura. 15. The Amphibia of Oklahoma. University of hylids and microhylids in Oklahoma. Great Oklahoma Press, Norman. Basin Naturalist 4:62–80. Bragg, A.N. 1950b. Observations on the Bragg, A.N. 1943b. Observations on the ecology and natural history of Anura. 17. ecology and natural history of Anura. 16. Adaptations and distribution in accordance Life–history of Pseudacris clarkii (Baird) in with habitats in Oklahoma. Pp. 59–100 In Oklahoma. Wasmann Collector 5:129–140. Researches on the Amphibia of Oklahoma. Bragg, A.N. 1944a. The spadefoot toads in University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. Oklahoma with a summary of our knowledge Bragg, A.N. 1950c. Observations on Microhyla of the group. American Naturalist 78:517– (Salientia: Microhylidae). Wassman Journal 533. of Biology 8:113–118. Bragg, A.N. 1944b. Breeding habits, eggs, and Bragg, A.N. 1950d. The identification of tadpoles of Scaphiopus hurterii. Copeia salientia in Oklahoma. Pp. 9–29 In 1944:230–241. Researches on the Amphibia of Oklahoma. Bragg, A.N. 1945a. Notes on the psychology of University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. frogs and toads. Journal of General Bragg, A.N. 1950e. Observations on the Psychology 32:27–37. ecology and natural history of Anura. 14. Bragg, A.N. 1945b. The spadefoot toads in Growth rates and age at sexual maturity of Oklahoma with a summary of our knowledge Bufo cognatus under natural conditions in of the group. 2. American Naturalist 79:52– central Oklahoma. Pp. 47–58 In Researches 72. on the Amphibia of Oklahoma. University of Bragg, A.N. 1945c. Breeding and tadpole Oklahoma Press, Norman. behavior in Scaphiopus hurterii near Bragg, A.N. 1950f. Size range in adults of the Norman, Oklahoma, spring, 1945. Wasmann toad Bufo cognatus. Copeia 1951:153. Collector 6: 69–78. Bragg, A.N. 1952. Decline in toad populations Bragg, A.N. 1946a. Aggregation with in central Oklahoma. Proceedings of the cannibalism in tadpoles of Scaphiopus Oklahoma Academy of Science 33:70. bombifrons with some general remarks on the Bragg, A.N. 1953. A study of Rana areolata in probable evolutionary significance of such Oklahoma. Wasmann Journal of Biology phenomena. Herpetologica 3:89–97. 11:273–318. Bragg, A.N. 1946b. Some salientian Bragg, A.N. 1954a. A second season with adaptations. Great Basin Naturalist 7:11–15. Rana areolata in Oklahoma. Wasmann Bragg, A.N. 1947. Comment on Smith (Univ. Journal of Biology 12: 337–343. Kans. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1946, 1, 93–96). Bragg, A.N. 1954b. Bufo terrestris Science 106:166. charlesmithi, a new subspecies from 37

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

Oklahoma. Wasmann Journal of Biology the Great Plains toad, Bufo cognatus. 12:245–254. Southwestern Naturalist 3:229–230. Bragg, A.N. 1954c. Aggregational behavior Bragg, A.N. 1958f. The clasping reflex and feeding reactions in tadpoles of the observed in juvenile spadefoots savannah spadefoot. Herpetologica 10:97– (Scaphiopus). Southwestern Naturalist 3:229. 102. Bragg, A.N. 1959a. "The clasping reflex Bragg, A.N. 1955a. Supplementary notes on observed in juvenile spadefoots" and "A the young of Rana areolata. Herpetologica melanistic tendency in the Great Plains Toad, 11:87–88. Bufo cognatus.” Southwestern Naturalist Bragg, A.N. 1955b. The tadpole of Bufo debilis 3:229–230. debilis. Herpetologica 11:211–212. Bragg, A.N. 1959b. Response of a female Bragg, A.N. 1955c. Taxonomic and Pseudacris nigrita triseriata to the call of a physiological factors in the embryonic male. Copeia 1959:341. development of certain toads. Copeia Bragg, A.N. 1959c. Voice in Salientia. I. 1955:62. Observations on Hyla versicolor x Bragg, A.N. 1955d. In quest of spadefoots. chrysoscelis intergrades in central Oklahoma New Mexico Quarterly 25(4):345–258. with a few data from Arkansas. Wasmann Bragg, A.N. 1956a. Dimorphism and Journal of Biology 17:231–243. cannibalism in tadpoles of Scaphiopus Bragg, A.N. 1959d. Behavior of tadpoles of bombifrons (Amphibia, Salientia). Hurter’s spadefoot during an exceptionally Southwestern Naturalist 1:105–108. rainy season. Wasmann Journal of Biology Bragg, A.N. 1956b. Further observations on 17:23–42. spadefoot toads. Herpetologica 12:201–204. Bragg, A.N. 1960a. Ovulation and breeding Bragg, A.N. 1957a. Some factors in the feeding patterns in Salientia. Herpetologica 16:124. of toads. Herpetologica 13:189–191. Bragg, A.N. 1960b. Population fluctuation in Bragg, A.N. 1957b. Parasitism of spadefoot the amphibian fauna of Cleveland County, tadpoles by Saprolegnia. Herpetologica Oklahoma during the past twenty–five years. 13:191. Southwestern Naturalist 5:165–169. Bragg, A.N. 1957c. Amphibian eggs produced Bragg, A.N. 1960c. Experimental observations singly or in masses. Herpetologica 13:212. on the feeding of spadefoot tadpoles. Bragg, A.N. 1957d. Variation in colors and Southwestern Naturalist 5:201–207. color patterns in tadpoles in Oklahoma. Bragg, A.N. 1960d. Feeding in the Houston Copeia 1957:36–39. toad. Southwestern Naturalist 5:106. Bragg, A.N. 1958a. On metamorphic and Bragg, A.N. 1961a. The behavior and postmetamorphic aggregations in spadefoots. comparative developmental rates in nature of Herpetologica 13:273. tadpoles of a spadefoot, a toad, and a frog. Bragg, A.N. 1958b. Parasitism of spadefoot Herpetologica 17:80–84. tadpoles by Saprolegnia. Herpetologica Bragg, A.N. 1961b. A theory of the origin of 14:34. spade–footed toads deduced principally by a Bragg, A.N. 1958c. Taxonomic status of the study of their habits. Animal Behaviour 9: gray tree frog in Oklahoma. Herpetologica 178–186. 14:141–147. Bragg, A.N. 1962a. Saprolegnia on tadpoles Bragg, A.N. 1958d. The eggs of the dwarf again in Oklahoma. Southwestern Naturalist American toad. Herpetologica 13:273–275. 7:79–80. Bragg, A.N. 1958e. A melanistic tendency in Bragg, A.N. 1962b. Predator–prey relationship 38

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in two species of spadefoot tadpoles with distribution of toads in Oklahoma. Ecology notes on some other features of their 24:285–309. behavior. Wasmann Journal of Biology Bragg, A.N., and H.A. Dundee. 1948. 20:81–97. Salientian collections in Oklahoma, 1948. Bragg, A.N. 1962c. Predation on by Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of spadefoot tadpoles. Herpetologica 18:144. Science 1948:24–25. Bragg, A.N. 1962d. Saprolegnia on tadpoles Bragg, A.N., and O. Sanders. 1951. A new again in Oklahoma. Southwestern Naturalist subspecies of the Bufo woodhousii group of 7:79–80. toads (Salientia: Bufonidae: Bufo woodhousii Bragg, A.N. 1964a. A hypothesis to explain the velatus subsp. nov.). Wasmann Journal of almost exclusive use of temporary water by Biology 9:363–378. breeding spadefoot toads. Proceedings of the Bragg, A.N., and V.E. Dowell. 1954. Leopard Oklahoma Academy of Science 44:24–25. frog eggs in October. Proceedings of the Bragg, A.N. 1964b. Mass movements resulting Oklahoma Academy of Science 35:41. in aggregations of tadpoles of the Plains Bragg, A.N., and W.N. Bragg. 1958a. spadefoot, some of them in response to light Parasitism of spadefoot tadpoles by and temperature (Amphibia: Salientia). Saprolegnia. Herpetologica 14:34. Wasmann Journal of Biology 22:299–305. Bragg, A.N., and W.N. Bragg. 1958b. Bragg, A.N. 1964c. Further study of predation Variations in the mouth parts in tadpoles of and cannibalism in spadefoot tadpoles. Scaphiopus (Spea) bombifrons Cope Herpetologica 20:17–24. (Amphibia: Salientia). Southwestern Bragg, A.N. 1964d. Lens action by jelly of Naturalist 3:55–69. frog's eggs. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Bragg, A.N., and M. Brooks. 1958. Social Academy of Science 44:23. behavior in juveniles of Bufo cognatus Say. Bragg, A.N. 1965. Gnomes of the Night. The Herpetologica 14:141–147. Spadefoot Toads. University of Bragg, A.N., and O.M. King. 1960. Press, Philadelphia. Aggregational and associated behavior in Bragg, A.N. 1966. Longevity of the tadpole tadpoles of the Plains spadefoot. Wasmann stage in the Plains spadefoot (Amphibia: Journal of Biology 18:273–289. Salientia). Wasmann Journal of Biology Bragg, A.N., and S. Hayes. 1963. A study of 24:71–73. labial teeth rows in tadpoles of Couch's Bragg, A.N. 1967. Recent studies on the spadefoot. Wasmann Journal of Biology spadefoot toads. Bios 38:75–84. 21:149–154. Bragg, A.N. 1968. The formation of feeding Bragg, A.N., and J.H. Black. 1970. Four cases schools in tadpoles of spadefoots. Wasmann of probable albinism in tadpoles. Journal of Biology 26:11–16. Proceeedings of the Oklahoma Academy Bragg, A.N., and C.C. Smith. 1942. of Science 49:14–15. Observations on the ecology and natural Bragg, A.N., and J. Nelson. 1966. Further history of Anura. 9. Notes on breeding notes on predation by tadpoles of the plains behavior in Oklahoma. . Proceedings of the Oklahoma Naturalist 3:33–50. Academy of Science 46:25–26. Bragg, A.N., and C.C. Smith. 1943. Bragg, A.N., R. Matthews, and R. Kingsinger, Observations on the ecology and natural Jr. 1964. The mouth parts of tadpoles of history of Anura. 4.The ecological Hurter’s spadefoot. Herpetologica 19:284– 39

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

285. Brandt, B.B. 1936b. The frogs and toads of Bragg, A.N., N. Taylor, and R.J. Taylor. 1968. eastern North Carolina. Copeia 1936:215– A range extension of the pickerel frog, Rana 223. palustris palustris, in Oklahoma with Brandt, B.B. 1954. Salientia of Bleckley indications of an extension of the County, Georgia, and vicinity. Herpetologica Austroriparian life province. Southwestern 9:141–145. Naturalist 13:372–374. Brandt, B.B., and C.F. Walker. 1933. A new Braid, M.R., C.B. Raymond, and W.S. species of Pseudacris from the southeastern Sanders. 1994. Feeding trials with the dusky United States. Occasional Papers of the gopher frog, Rana capito sevosa, in a Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan recirculating water system and other aspects No. 272. of their culture as part of a “headstarting” Brannelly, L., M. W. H. Chatfield and C. L. effort. Journal of the Alabama Academy of Richards–Zawacki. 2012. Field and Science 65:249–262. laboratory studies of the susceptibility of the Braid, M.R., K.N. Butler, A.F. Blankenship III, green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) to and A. Schultz–Cantley. 2000. Rana capito Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection. sevosa (Dusky Gopher Frog). Metamorph PLoS One 7(6): e38473. captures. Herpetological Review 31:101–102. Brannon, M.P. 2006. Bufo a. americanus Branch, L.C., and D.G. Hokit. 2000. A (Eastern American Toad). Leucism. comparison of scrub herpetofauna on two Herpetological Review 37:333–334. central Florida sand ridges. Florida Scientist Branson, B.A. 1975. Claude who? Another 63:108–117. unwanted exotic species. National Parks and Brand, A.B, and J.W. Snodgrass. 2010. Value Conservation Magazine (June):17–18. of artificial habitats for amphibian Brashears, V. Sr., and V. Brashears, Jr. 1950. reproduction in altered landscapes. Frog Raising. Brashears Printing Co., Conservation Biology 24:295–301. Berryville, Arkansas. Brand, A.B., J.W. Snodgrass, M.T. Gallagher, Braswell, A. 1988. A survey of amphibians and R.E. Casey, and R. Van Meter. 2010. Lethal reptiles of Nags Head Woods Ecological and sublethal effects of embryonic and larval Preserve. Association of Southeastern exposure of Hyla versicolor to stormwater Biologists Bulletin 35:199–217. pond sediments. Archives of Environmental Braswell, A.L. 1993. Status report on Rana Contaminants and Toxicology 58:325–331. capito capito Leconte, the Carolina gopher Brander, S.M., J.A. Royle, and M. Eames. frog in North Carolina. Nongame and 2007. Evaluation of the status of anurans on a Endangered Wildlife Program, North refuge in suburban Maryland. Journal of Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Herpetology 41:52–60. Raleigh. Brandon, R.A., and S.R. Ballard. 1998. Status Brattstrom, B.H. 1953. The amphibians and of Illinois chorus frogs in southern reptiles from Rancho La Brea. Transactions Illinois.Pp.102–112 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), of the San Diego Natural History Society Status & Conservation of Midwestern 11:365–392. Amphibians. University of Iowa Press, Iowa Brattstrom, B.H. 1958. New records of City. Cenozoic amphibians and reptiles from Brandt, B.B. 1936a. Parasites of certain North California. Bulletin of the Southern Carolina salientia. Ecological Monographs California Academy of Sciences 54:1–4. 6:493–532. Brattstrom, B.H. 1962. Thermal control of 40

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aggregation behavior in tadpoles. 1982:672–680. Herpetologica 18:38–46. Breder, C.M., Jr. 1927. Frog tagging: a method Brattstrom, B.H. 1963. A preliminary review of of studying anuran life habits. Zoologica the thermal requirements of amphibians. 9:201–229. Ecology 44:238–255. Brehaut, L. 2012. Local and landscape Brattstrom, B.H. 1968. Thermal acclimation in variables influencing the use of ponds by anuran amphibians as a function of latitude Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) in the and altitude. Comparative Biochemistry and Shakwak Valley, Yukon. Undergraduate Physiology 24:93–111. thesis, Queen’s University, Kingston, Brattstrom, B.H. 1979. Amphibian temperature Ontario. regulation studies in the field and laboratory. Brekke, D.R., S.D. Hillyard, and R.M. American Zoologist 19:345–356. Winokur. 1991. Behavior associated with the Brattstrom, B.H., and J.W. Warren. 1955. water absorption response by the toad, Bufo Observations on the ecology and behavior of punctatus. Copeia 1991:393–401. the Pacific treefrog, Hyla regilla. Copeia Brem, F.M. 2012. Factors affecting infectivity 1955:181–191. and pathogenicity of Batrachochytrium Brattstrom, B.H., and M.C. Bondello. 2012. dendrobatidis in amphibians. Ph.D. Effects of off–road vehicle noise on desert dissertation, University of Memphis, vertebrates. Pp. 167–206 In R.H. Webb and Memphis, Tennessee. H.G. Wilshire (eds.), Environmental Effects Brennan, T.C., and A.T. Holycross. 2006. of Off–Road Vehicles. Springer–Verlag, Amphibians and Reptiles in Arizona. Arizona New York. Game and Fish Department, Phoenix. Breckenridge, W.J. 1944. Reptiles and Brenner, F.J. 1969. Role of temperature and fat Amphibians of Minnesota. University of deposition in hibernation and reproduction in Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. two species of frogs. Herpetologica 25:105– Breckenridge, W.J., and J.R. Tester. 1961. 113. Growth, local movements and hibernation of Brenowitz, E.E., and G.J. Rose. 1994. the Manitoba toad, Bufo hemiophrys. Behavioural plasticity mediates aggression in Ecology 42:637–646. choruses of the Pacific treefrog. Animal Breden, F. 1987. The effect of post– Behaviour 47:633–641. metamorphic dispersal on the population Brenowitz, E.A., and G.J. Rose. 1999. Female genetic structure of Fowler’s toad, Bufo choice and plasticity of male calling woodhousei fowleri. Copeia 1987:386–395. behaviour in the Pacific treefrog. Animal Breden, F. 1988. Natural history and ecology Behaviour 57:1337–1342. of Fowler’s Toad, Bufo woodhousei fowleri Brenowitz, E.A., W. Wilczynski, and H.H. (Amphibia: Bufonidae), in the Indiana Dunes Zakon. 1984. Acoustic communication in National Seashore. Fieldiana Zoology, new spring peepers: environmental and behavioral series (18):1–16. aspects. Journal of Comparative Physiology Breden, F., and C.H. Kelly. 1982. The effect of 155A:585–592. conspecific interactions on metamorphosis in Bresler, J.B. 1963. Pigmentation characteristics Bufo americanus. Ecology 63:1682–1689. of Rana pipiens: dorsal region. American Breden, F., A. Lum, and R. Wassersug. 1982. Midland Naturalist 70:197–207. Body size and orientation in aggregates of Bresler, J.B. 1964. Pigmentation characteristics toad tadpoles Bufo woodhousei. Copeia of Rana pipiens: tympanum spot, line on 41

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

upper jaw, and spots on upper eyelids. Bridges, C.M., and M.D. Boone. 2003. The American Midland Naturalist 72:382–389. interactive effects of UV–B and insecticide Bresler, J., and A.N. Bragg. 1954. Variations in exposure on tadpole survival, growth and the rows of labial teeth in tadpoles. Copeia development. Biological Conservation 1954:255–257. 113:49–54. Brickell, J. 1737. The Natural History of North Briggler, J.T. 1998. Amphibian use of Carolina. With an Account of the Trade, constructed woodland ponds in the Ouachita Manners, and Customes of the Christian and National Forest. M.S. thesis, University of Indian Inhabitants. James Carson, Dublin. Arkansas, Fayetteville. Bridges, A.S., and M.E. Dorcas. 2000. Briggler, J.T. 2000. Rana utricularia (Southern Temporal variation in anuran calling Leopard Frog). Predation. Herpetological behavior: implications for surveys and Review 31:171. monitoring programs. Copeia 2000:587–592. Briggler, J.T., and T.R. Johnson. 2008. Bridges, C.M. 1997. Tadpole swimming Missouri’s Toads and Frogs. Missouri performance and activity affected by acute Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. exposure to sublethal levels of carbaryl. Briggler, J.T., K.M. Lohraff, and G.L. Adams. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2001. Amphibian parasitism by the leech 16:1935–1939. Desserobdella picta at a small pasture pond Bridges, C.M. 1999a. Effects of a pesticide on in northwest Arkansas. Journal of Freshwater tadpole activity and predator avoidance Ecology 16:105–111. behavior. Journal of Herpetology 33:303– Briggs, C.J., V.T. Vredenburg, R.A. Knapp, 306. and L.J. Rachowicz. 2005. Investigating the Bridges, C.M. 1999b. Predator–prey population–level effects of chytridiomycosis: interactions between two amphibian species: an emerging infectious disease of effects of insecticide exposure. Aquatic amphibians. Ecology 86:3149–3159. Ecology 33:205–211. Briggs, C.J., R.A. Knapp, and V.T. Bridges, C.M. 2000. Long–term effects of Vredenburg. 2010. Enzootic and epizootic pesticide exposure at various life stages of dynamics of the chytrid fungal pathogen of the southern leopard frog (Rana amphibians. Proceedings of the National sphenocephala). Archives of Environmental Academy of Sciences, USA 107:9695–9700. Contamination and Toxicology 39:91–96. Briggs, J.L. 1975. A case of Bufolucilla Bridges, C.M. 2002. Tadpoles balance foraging elongata Shannon 1924 (Diptera: and predator avoidance: effects of predation, Calliphoridae) myiasis in the American toad, pond drying, and hunger. Journal of Bufo americanus Holbrook 1836. Journal of Herpetology 36:627–634. Parasitology 61:412. Bridges, C.M., and R.D. Semlitsch. 2000. Briggs, J.L. 1978. An asymptotic growth Variation in pesticide tolerance of tadpoles model allowing seasonal variation in growth among and within species of Ranidae and rates, with application to a population of patterns of amphibian decline. Conservation the Cascade frog, Rana cascadae (Amphibia, Biology 14:1490–1499. Anura, Ranidae). Journal of Herpetology Bridges, C. M., and R.D. Semlitsch. 2001. 12:559–564. Genetic variation in insecticide tolerance in a Briggs, J.L. 1987. Breeding biology of the population of southern leopard frogs (Rana Cascades frog, Rana cascadae, with sphenocephala): implications for amphibian comparisons to R. aurora and R. pretiosa. conservation. Copeia 2001:7–13. Copeia 1987:241–245. 42

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Briggs, J.L., and R.M. Storm. 1970. Growth Centrale. Bulletin de la Société and population structure of the Cascade frog, Philomathique de Parie, Série 7, 1:175–197. Rana cascadae Slater. Herpetologica 26:283– Brocchi, M.P. 1879. Sur divers Batraciens 300. anoures de l’Amérique Centrale. Bulletin de Brill, T.M. 1993. Postmetamorphic population la Société Philomathique de Paris, Série 7, structure and the effects of salinity on larval 3(1):19–24. development and size at metamorphosis of Brockelman, W.Y. 1968. Natural regulation of Bufo woodhousei fowleri Hinckley (Anura: density in tadpoles of Bufo americanus. Bufonidae). M.S. thesis, Bloomsburg Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, University, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania. Ann Arbor. Brimley, C.S. 1926. Revised key and list of the Brockelman, W.Y. 1969. An analysis of amphibians and reptiles of North Carolina. density effects and predation in Bufo Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific americanus tadpoles. Ecology 50:632–644. Society 42:75–93. Brode, W.E. 1958. The occurrence of the Brimley, C.S. 1944. Amphibians and Reptiles pickerel frog, three salamanders and two of North Carolina. Carolina Biological snakes in Mississippi caves. Copeia 1958:47– Supply Company, Elon College, North 48. Carolina. Brode, W.E. 1959. Territoriality in Rana Brindle, A.A., S.B. Karr, G.R. Smith, and J.A. clamitans. Herpetologica 15:140. Rettig. 2009. Within–pond oviposition site Brode, W.E. 1960. Some notes on the selection in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica). occurrence of Rana palustris in caves. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Society 45:57–60. Science 6:233. Britson, C.A., and R.E. Kissell, Jr. 1996. Brodie, E.D., Jr. 1968. A case of interbreeding Effects of food type on developmental between Bufo boreas and Rana cascadae. characteristics of an ephemeral pond– Herpetologica 24: 86. breeding anuran, Pseudacris triseriata Brodie, E.D., Jr., and D.R. Formanowicz. feriarum. Herpetologica 52:374–382. 1983. Prey size preference of predators: Britson, C.A., and S.T. Threlkeld. 1998. differential vulnerability of larval anurans. Abundance, metamorphosis, developmental Herpetologica 39:67–75. and behavioral abnormalities in Hyla Brodie, E.D., Jr., and D.R. Formanowicz. chrysoscelis tadpoles following exposure to 1987. Antipredator mechanisms of larval three agrichemicals and methyl mercury in anurans: protection of palatable individuals. outdoor mesocosms. Bulletin of Herpetologica 43:369–373. Environmental Contamination and Brodie, E.D., Jr., D.R. Formanowicz, Jr., and Toxicology 61:154–161. E.D. Brodie III. 1978. The development of Britson, C.A., and S.T. Threlkeld. 2000. noxiousness of Bufo americanus tadpoles to Interactive effects of anthropogenic, aquatic predators. Herpetologica environmental, and biotic stressors on 34:302–306. multiple endpoints in Hyla chrysoscelis. Brodkin, M.A., H. Madhoun, M. Rameswaran, Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science and I. Vatnick. 2007. Atrazine is an immune 107:61–66. disruptor in adult northern leopard frogs Brocchi, P. 1877. Sur quelques batraciens (Rana pipiens). Environmental Toxicology Raniformes et Bufoniformes d l’Amérique and Chemistry 26:80–84. 43

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

Brodman, R. 2003. Amphibians and reptiles Ingles, 1932 (:Cephalogonimidae). from twenty–three counties of Indiana. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of of Washington 43:92–93. Science 112:43–54. Brooks, G.R., Jr. 1964. An analysis of the food Brodman, R. 2009. A 14–year study of habits of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, by amphibian populations and body size, sex, month, and habitat. Virginia metacommunities. Herpetological Journal of Science 15:173–186. Conservation and Biology 4:106–119. Brothers, D.R. 1965. An annotated list of the Brodman, R., and M. Kilmurry. 1998. Status of amphibians and reptiles of northeastern North amphibians in northwestern Indiana. Pp. Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell 125–136 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Status & Scientific Society 81:119–124. Distribution of Midwestern Amphibians. Brothers, D.R. 1994. Bufo boreas (Western University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. Toad). Predation. Herpetological Review Brodman, R., S. Cortwright, and A. Resetar. 25:117. 2002. Historical changes of reptiles and Browder, L.W. 1972. Genetic and amphibians of northwest Indiana Fish and embryological studies of albinism in Rana Wildlife properties. American Midland pipiens. Journal of Experimental Zoology Naturalist 147:135– 144. 180:149–156. Brodman, R., M. Parrish, H. Kraus, and S. Browder, L.W., J.C. Underhill, and D.J. Cortwright. 2006. Amphibian biodiversity Merrell. 1966. Mid–dorsal stripe in the wood recovery in a large–scale frog. Journal of Heredity 57:65–67. restoration. Herpetological Conservation and Brower, J. van Zant, and L.P. Brower. 1962. Biology 1:101–108. Experimental studies of . 6. The Broel, A. 1937. Frog Raising. American Frog reaction of toads (Bufo terrestris) to Canning Co., New Orleans, Louisiana. honeybees (Apis mellifera) and their dronefly Broel, A. 1950. Frog Raising for Pleasure and mimics (Eristalis vinetorum). American Profit. Marlboro House, New Orleans, Midland Naturalist 96:297–307. Louisiana. Brower, J. van Zant, and L.P. Brower. 1965. Brooks, D.R. 1975. A review of the genus Experimental studies of mimicry. 8. Further Allassostomoides (Trematoda: investigations of honeybees (Apis mellifera) Paramphistomidae) with a redescription of and their dronefly mimics (Eristalis spp.). Allassostomoides chelydrae. Journal of American Naturalist 99:173–187. Parasitology 61:882–885. Brower, J. van Zant, L.P. Brower, and P.W. Brooks, D.R. 1976. Parasites of amphibians of Westcott. 1960. Experimental studies of the Great Plains. Part 2. Platyhelminths of mimicry. 5. The reaction of toads (Bufo amphibians in Nebraska. Bulletin of the terrestris) to (Bombus University of Nebraska State Museum 10:65– americanorum) and their robberfly mimics 92. ( bomboides), with a discussion Brooks, D.R. 1979. New records for amphibian of . American Naturalist and reptile trematodes. Proceedings of the 94:343–355. Helminthological Society of Washington Brown, A., B. Christensen, T.D. Schwaner, and 46:286–289. M. Nickerson. 2000. Bufo microscaphus Brooks, D.R., and N.J. Welch. 1976. Parasites (ArizonaToad). Reproduction. Herpetological of amphibians of the Great Plains. 1. The Review 31:168. cercariae of Cephalogonimus brevicirrus Brown, B.C. 1950. An annotated check list of 44

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the reptiles and amphibians of Texas. Baylor reptiles of the western Piedmont of North University, Waco, Texas. Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Brown, C. 1997. Habitat structure and Scientific Society 108:38–54. occupancy patterns of the montane frog, Brown, H.A. 1967a. Embryonic temperature Rana cascadae, in the Cascades Range, adaptations and genetic compatibility in two Oregon, at multiple scales: implications for allopatric populations of the spadefoot toad, population dynamics in patchy landscapes. Scaphiopus hammondi. Evolution 21:742– M.S. thesis, Oregon State University, 761. Corvallis. Brown, H.A. 1967b. High temperature Brown, C., K. Kiehl, and L. Wilkinson. 2012. tolerance of the eggs of a desert anuran, Advantages of long–term, multi–scale Scaphiopus hammondii. Copeia 1967:365– monitoring: assessing the current status of 370. the (Anaxyrus [Bufo] canorus) Brown, H.A. 1969. The heat resistance of some in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA. anuran tadpoles (Hylidae and Pelobatidae). Herpetological Conservation and Biology Copeia 1969:138–147. 7:115–131. Brown, H.A. 1975a. Embryonic temperature Brown, C.J., B. Blossey, J.C. Maerz, and S.J. adaptations of the Pacific treefrog, Hyla Joule. 2006. Invasive plant and experimental regilla. Comparative Biochemistry and venue affect tadpole performance. Biological Physiology 51A:863–873. Invasions 8:327–338. Brown, H.A. 1975b. Reproduction and Brown, C.S. 1995. Rear leg amputation and development of the red–legged frog, Rana subsequent adaptive behavior during aurora, in northwestern Washington. reintroduction of a green treefrog, Hyla Northwest Science 49:241–252. cinerea. Bulletin of the Association of Brown, H.A. 1975c. Temperature and Reptile and Amphibian Veterinarians :6–7. development of the tailed frog, Ascaphus Brown, D. 2009. Amphibian populations at the truei. Comparative Biochemistry and Celery Bog Nature Area and the potential Physiology 50A:397–405. effects of land use and water quality. M.S. Brown, H.A. 1976. The status of California and thesis, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Arizona populations of the western spadefoot Indiana. toads (genus Scaphiopus). Natural History Brown, D.J., G.M. Street, R.W. Nairn, and Museum of Los Angeles County M.R. Forstner. 2012. A place to call home: Contributions in Science No. 286:1–15. amphibian use of created and restored Brown, H.A. 1977. A case of interbreeding wetlands. International Journal of Ecology between Rana aurora and Bufo boreas doi:10.1155/2012/989872. (Amphibia, Anura). Journal of Herpetology Brown, D.R. 1984. Rana palustris (Pickerel 11:92–94. Frog). Oviposition. Herpetological Review Brown, H.A. 1989. Tadpole development and 15:110–111. growth of the Great Basin spadefoot toad, Brown, E.E. 1979. Some snake food records Scaphiopus intermontanus, from central from the Carolinas. Brimleyana 1:113–124. Washington. Canadian Field–Naturalist Brown, E.E. 1980. Some historical data bearing 103:531–534. on the Pine Barrens treefrog, Hyla andersoni, Brown, H.A. 1990. Morphological variation in South Carolina. Brimleyana 3:113–117. and age–class determination in overwintering Brown, E.E. 1992. Notes on amphibians and tadpoles of the tailed frog, Ascaphus truei. 45

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

Journal of Zoology 220:171–184. Brown, L.E., and J.R. Pierce. 1965. Brown, J.S. 1956. The frogs and toads of Observations on the breeding behavior of Alabama. Ph.D. dissertation, University of certain anuran amphibians. Texas Journal of Alabama, Tuscaloosa. Science 26:313–317. Brown, J.S., and H.T. Boschung, Jr. 1954. Brown, L.E., and J.R. Pierce. 1967. Male–male Rana palustris in Alabama. Copeia interactions and chorusing intensities of the 1954:226. Great Plains toad, Bufo cognatus. Copeia Brown, L.E. 1964. An electrophoretic study of 1967:149–154. variation in the blood proteins of the toads Brown, L.E., and M.A. Ewert. 1971. A natural Bufo americanus and Bufo woodhousei. hybrid between the toads Bufo hemiophrys Systematic Zoology 13:92–95. and Bufo cognatus in Minnesota. Journal of Brown, L.E. 1969. Natural hybrids between Herpetology 5:78–82. two toad species in Alabama. Quarterly Brown, L.E., and J.R. Brown. 1972a. Call Journal of the Florida Academy of Science types of the Rana pipiens complex in Illinois. 32:285–290. Science 176:928–929. Brown, L.E. 1970. Interspecies interactions as Brown, L.E., and J.R. Brown. 1972b. Mating possible causes of racial size differences in calls and distributional records of treefrogs of the toads Bufo americanus and Bufo the Hyla versicolor complex in Illinois. woodhousei. Texas Journal of Science Journal of Herpetology 6:233–234. 21:261–267. Brown, L.E., and M.J. Littlejohn. 1972. Male Brown, L.E. 1971a. Natural hybridization and release call in the Bufo americanus group. reproductive ecology of two toad species in a Pp. 310–323 In W.F. Blair (ed.), Evolution in disturbed environment. American Midland the Genus Bufo. University of Texas Press, Naturalist 86:78–85. Austin. Brown, L.E. 1971b. Natural hybridization and Brown, L.E., and J.R. Brown. 1973. Notes on trend toward extinction in some relict Texas breeding choruses of two anurans toad populations. Southwestern Naturalist (,Pseudacris streckeri) 16:185–199. in southern Illinois. Natural History Brown, L.E. 1973. Speciation in the Rana Miscellanea (192):1–3. pipiens complex. American Zoologist 13:73– Brown, L.E., and J.R. Brown. 1977. 79. Comparison of environmental and body Brown, L.E. 1974. Behavioral reactions of temperatures as predictors of mating call bullfrogs while attempting to eat toads. parameters of spring peepers. American Southwestern Naturalist 19:329–340. Midland Naturalist 97:209–211. Brown, L.E. 1975. The status of the near– Brown, L.E., and R.S. Funk. 1977. Absence of extinct Houston toad (Bufo houstonensis) dorsal spotting in two species of leopard with recommendations for its conservation. frogs (Anura: Ranidae). Herpetologica Herpetological Review 6:37–40. 33:290–293. Brown, L.E. 1978. Subterranean feeding by the Brown, L.E., and D.B. Means. 1984. Fossorial chorus frog Pseudacris streckeri (Anura: behavior and ecology of the chorus frog Hylidae). Herpetologica 34:212–216. Pseudacris ornata. Amphibia–Reptilia Brown, L.E. 2012. Pseudacris streckeri 5:261–273. illinoensis (Illinois Chorus Frog). Large Brown, L.E., and G.B. Rose. 1988. wound in holotype. Herpetological Bulletin Distribution, habitat, and calling season of (112):43–44. the Illinois chorus frog (Pseudacris streckeri 46

Herpetological Conservation and Biology

illinoensis) along the lower Illinois River. Brown, R.L. 1974. Diets and habitat Illinois Natural History Survey Biological preferences of selected anurans in southeast Notes 132:1–13. Arkansas. American Midland Naturalist Brown, L.E., and J.E. Cima. 1998. Illinois 91:468–473. chorus frogs and the Sand Lake dilemma. Pp. Brown, R.M., and D.H. Taylor. 1995. 301–311 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Status & Compensatory escape mode trade–offs Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians. between swimming performance and University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. maneuvering behavior through larval Brown, L.E., and A. Mesrobian. 2005. Houston ontogeny of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica. toads and Texas politics. Pp. 150–167 In M.J. Copeia 1995:1–7. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian Declines. The Brown, W. 1953. Brolo Frog Farm. Privately Conservation Status of United States Species. published, West Frankfort, Illinois. University of California Press, Berkeley. Brown, W.C., and J.R. Slater. 1939. The Brown, L.E., H.O. Jackson, and J.R. Brown. amphibians and reptiles of the islands of the 1972. Burrowing behavior of the chorus frog, state of Washington. Occasional Papers, Pseudacris streckeri. Herpetologica 28:325– Department of Biology, College of Puget 328. Sound No. 4:6–31. Brown, L.E., H.M. Smith, and R.S. Funk. Browne, C.L., and C.A. Paszkowski. 2010. 1977. Request for the conservation of Rana Factors affecting the timing of movements to sphenocephala Cope, 1886, and the hibernation sites by western toads (Anaxyrus suppression of Rana utricularia Harlan, 1826 boreas). Herpetologica 66:250–258. and Rana virescens Cope, 1889 (Amphibia: Browne, C.L., C.A. Paszkowski, A.L. Foote, Salientia). Bulletin of Zoological A. Moenting, and S.M. Boss. 2009. The Nomenclature 33:195–203. relationship of amphibian abundance to Brown, L.E., M.A. Morris, and T.R. Johnson. habitat features across spatial scales in the 1993. Zoogeography of the plains leopard Boreal Plains. Ecoscience 16:209–223. frog (Rana blairi). Bulletin of the Chicago Brues, C.T. 1932. Further studies on the fauna Academy of Sciences 15:1–13. of North American hot springs. Proceedings Brown, M.B., and C.R. Brown. 2009. of the American Academy of Arts and Lithobates catesbeianus (American Science 67:185–303. Bullfrog). Predation on cliff swallows. Brugger, K.E. 1984. Aspects of reproduction in Herpetological Review 40:206. the squirrel treefrog, Hyla squirella. M.S. Brown, M.G., E. K. Dobbs, J. W. Snodgrass, thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville. and D. R. Ownby. 2012. Ameliorative effects Bruggers, R.L. 1973. Food habits of bullfrogs of sodium chloride on acute copper toxicity in northwest Ohio. Ohio Journal of Science among Cope's gray tree frog (Hyla 73:185–188. chrysoscelis) and green frog (Rana Bruggers, R.L., and W.B. Jackson. 1974. Eye– clamitans) embryos. Environmental lens weight of the bullfrog (Rana Toxicology and Chemistry 31:836–842. catesbeiana) related to larval development, Brown, R.E. 1972. Size variation and food transformation, and age of adults. Ohio habits of larval bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana Journal of Science 74:282–286. Shaw, in western Oregon. Ph.D. Bruneau, M., and E. Magnin. 1980a. Vie dissertation, Oregon State University, larvaire des ouaouarons Rana catesbeiana Corvallis. Shaw (Amphibia Anura) des Laurentides, 47

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

Québec. Canadian Journal of Zoology jumping performance of squirrel treefrogs. 58:169–174. Journal of Herpetology 30:410–413. Bruneau, M., and E. Magnin. 1980b. Buchholz, D.R., and T.B. Hayes. 2000. Larval Croissance, nutrition, et reproduction des period comparison for the spadefoot toads ouaouarons Rana catesbeiana Shaw Scaphiopus couchii and Spea multiplicata (Amphibia Anura) des Laurentides au nord (Pelobatidae: Anura). Herpetologica 56:455– du Montréal. Canadian Journal of Zoology 468. 58:175–183. Buchholz, D.R., and T.B. Hayes. 2002. Brunner, J.L., K.E. Barnett, C.J. Gosier, S.A. Evolutionary patterns of diversity in McNulty, M.J. Rubbo, and M.B. Kolozsvary. spadefoot toad metamorphosis (Anura: 2011. Ranavirus infection in die–offs of Pelobatidae). Copeia 2002:180–189. vernal pool amphibians in New York, USA. Buck, J.C., E.A. Scheessele, R.A. Relyea and Herpetological Review 42:76–79. A.R. Blaustein. 2012. The effects of multiple Bryce, F.D. 1975. Reptiles and amphibians of stressors on wetland communities: pesticides, the Wichitas. Great Plains Journal 15:65–78. pathogens and competing amphibians. Bryer, P.J. 2002. The embryonic world of wood Freshwater Biology 57: 61–73. frogs, Rana sylvatica: natal pond learning Buckle, J. 1971. A recent introduction of frogs and anti–predator behaviors. M.S. thesis, to Newfoundland. Canadian Field–Naturalist University of Maine, Orono. 85:72–74. Bryson, R.W., J. R. Jaeger, J.A. Lemos– Budischak, S.A., L.K. Belden and W.A. Espinal, and D. Lazcano. 2012. A multilocus opkins. 2008. The effects of malathion on perspective on the speciation history of a embryonic development and latent North American aridland toad (Anaxyrus susceptibility to trematode parasites in ranid punctatus). Molecular Phylogenetics and tadpoles. Environmental Toxicology and Evolution 64:393–400. Chemistry 27:2496–2500. Buchanan, B. W. 1988. Territoriality in the Budischak S.A., L.K. Belden, and W.A. squirrel treefrog, Hyla squirella: competition Hopkins. 2009. Relative toxicity of for diurnal retreat sites. M.S. thesis, malathion to trematode–infected and University of Southwestern Louisiana, noninfected Rana palustris tadpoles. Lafayette. Archives of Environmental Contamination Buchanan, B.W. 1992. Bimodal nocturnal and Toxicology 56:123–128. activity pattern of Hyla squirella. Journal of Buhlmann, K.A. 2001. A biological inventory Herpetology 26:521–522. of eight caves in northwestern Georgia with Buchanan, B.W. 1993. Effects of enhanced conservation implications. Journal of Cave lighting on the behaviour of nocturnal frogs. and Karst Studies 63:91–98. Animal Behaviour 45:893–899. Buhlmann, K.A., and J.C. Mitchell. 1997. Buchanan, B.W. 1994. Sexual dimorphism in Ecological notes on the amphibians and Hyla squirella: chromatic and pattern reptiles of the Naval Surface Warfare Center, variation between the sexes. Copeia Dahlgren Laboratory, King George County, 1994:797–796. Virginia. Banisteria 9:45–51. Buchanan, B.W. 1998. Low–illumination prey Buhlmann, K.A., J.C. Mitchell, and C.A. detection by squirrel treefrogs. Journal of Pague. 1993. Amphibian and small Herpetology 32:270–274. abundance and diversity in saturated Buchanan, B.W., and R.C. Taylor. 1996. forested wetlands and adjacent uplands of Lightening the load: micturition enhances southeastern Virginia. Pp. 1–7 In S.D. 48

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Eckles, A. Jennings, A. Spingarn, and C. Bull, E.L., and M.P. Hayes. 2000. Livestock Wienhold (eds.), Proceedings of a Workshop effects on reproduction of the Columbia on Saturated Forested Wetlands in the Mid– spotted frog. Journal of Range Management Atlantic Region. The State of the Science. 53:291–294. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Annapolis, Bull, E.L., and M.P. Hayes. 2001. Post– Maryland. breeding season movements of Columbia Buhlmann, K.A., J.C. Mitchell, and L.R. spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) in Smith. 1999. Descriptive ecology of the northeastern Oregon. Western North Shenandoah Valley sinkhole pond system in American Naturalist 61:119–123. Virginia. Banisteria 13:23–51. Bull, E.L., and D.B. Marx. 2002. Influence of Bulen, B.J., and C.A. Distel. 2011. Carbaryl fish and habitat on amphibian communities in concentration gradients in realistic high elevation lakes in northwestern Oregon. environments and their influence on our Northwest Science 76:240–248. understanding of the tadpole food web. Bull, E.L., and C. Carey. 2008. Breeding Archives of Environmental Contamination frequency of western toads (Bufo boreas) in and Toxicology 60:343–350. northeastern Oregon. Herpetological Bulger, J.B., N.J. Scott, Jr., and R.B. Seymour. Conservation and Biology 3:282–288. 2003. Terrestrial activity and conservation of Bull, E.L., and J.L. Hayes. 2009. Selection of adult California red–legged frogs Rana diet by metamorphic and juvenile western aurora draytonii in coastal forests and toads (Bufo boreas) in northwestern Oregon. grasslands. Biological Conservation 110:85– Herpetological Conservation and Biology 95. 4:85–95. Bull, E.L. 2003. Diet and prey availability of Bullard, A.J. 1965. Additional records of the Columbia spotted frogs in northeastern tree frog Hyla andersonii from the Coastal Oregon. Northwest Science 77:349–356. Plain of North Carolina. Herpetologica Bull, E.L. 2006. Sexual differences in the 21:154–155. ecology and habitat selection of western Bumpus, H.C. 1885a. Reptiles and batrachians toads (Bufo boreas) in northeastern Oregon. of Rhode Island. X. Class . Random Herpetological Conservation and Biology Notes on Natural History 2(7):52–53. 1:27–38. Bumpus, H.C. 1885b. Reptiles and batrachians Bull, E.L. 2009. Dispersal of newly of Rhode Island. XI. Random Notes on metamorphosed and juvenile Western toads Natural History 2(8):59–60. (Anaxyrus boreas) in northeastern Oregon, Bumpus, H.C. 1885c. Reptiles and batrachians USA. Herpetological Conservation and of Rhode Island. XII. Random Notes on Biology 4:236–247. Natural History 2(9):68–69. Bull, E.L., and B.E. Carter. 1996a. Winter Bumpus, H.C. 1885d. Reptiles and batrachians observations of tailed frogs in northeastern of Rhode Island. XIII. Random Notes on Oregon. Northwestern Naturalist 77:45–47. Natural History 2(10):75. Bull, E.L., and B.E. Carter. 1996b. Tailed Bumpus, H.C. 1885e. Reptiles and batrachians frogs: distribution, ecology, and association of Rhode Island. XIV. Random Notes on with timber harvest in northeastern Oregon. Natural History 2(11):83–84. Research Paper PNW–RP–497, U.S. Forest Bumpus, H.C. 1885f. Reptiles and batrachians Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, of Rhode Island. XV. Random Notes on Portland, Oregon. Natural History 2(12):93. 49

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Bumpus, H.C. 1886a. Reptiles and batrachians Burgett, A.A., C.D. Wright, G.R. Smith, D.T. of Rhode Island. XVI. Random Notes on Fortune, and S.L Johnson. 2007. Impact of Natural History 3(1):7–8. ammonium nitrate on wood frog (Rana Bumpus, H.C. 1886b. Reptiles and batrachians sylvatica) tadpoles: effects on survivorship of Rhode Island. XVII. Random Notes on and behavior. Herpetological Conservation Natural History 3(2):13. and Biology 2:29–34. Bundy, D., and C.R. Tracy. 1977. Behavioral Burke, V. 1933. Bacteria as food for response of American toads (Bufo vertebrates. Science 78:194–195. americanus) to stressful thermal and hydric Burkett, R.D. 1969. An ecological study of the environments. Herpetologica 33:455–458. cricket frog, Acris crepitans, in northeastern Bunnell, J.F., and R.A. Zampella. 1999. Acid Kansas. Ph.D. dissertation, University of water anuran pond communities along a Kansas, Lawrence. regional forest to agro–urban ecotone. Copeia Burkett, R.D. 1984. An ecological study of the 1999:614–627. cricket frog, Acris crepitans. Pp. 89–103 In Bunnell, J.F., and R.A. Zampella. 2008. Native R.A. Seigel, L.E. Hunt, J.L. Knight, L. fish and anuran assemblages differ between Malaret, and N.L. Zuschlag (eds.), Vertebrate impoundments with and without non–native Ecology and Systematics. A Tribute to centrarchids and bullfrogs. Copeia 2008:931– Henry S. Fitch. Museum of Natural History, 939. University of Kansas, Lawrence. Burbrink, F.T., C.A. Phillips, and E.J. Heske. Burkett, R.D. 1989. Status of diploid/tetraploid 1998. A riparian zone in southern Illinois as a gray treefrogs (Hyla chrysoscelis–Hyla potential dispersal corridor for reptiles and versicolor) in the mid–South. Pp. 51–57 In amphibians.Biological Conservation 86:107– A.F. Scott (ed.), Proceedings of the Second 115. Annual Symposium on the Natural History of Burdick, S.L. 2008. Blanchard’s Cricket Frog Lower Tennessee and Cumberland Valleys. seasonal status and distribution in Center for Field Biology, Austin Peay State southeastern South Dakota. M.S. thesis, University, Clarksville, Tennessee. University of South Dakota, Vermillion. Burkett, R.D. 1991. Ecological comparisons of Burdick, S.L., and D.L. Swanson. 2010. Status, some closely related species of amphibians in distribution and microhabitats of Blanchard’s Land Between the Lakes and the mid–South. Cricket Frog Acris blanchardi in South Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Dakota. Herpetological Conservation and Science 66:161–164. Biology 5:9–16. Burkholder, G. 1998. Hyla chrysoscelis (Gray Burger, W.L., Jr., and A.N. Bragg. 1947. Notes Treefrog). Hibernacula. Herpetological on Bufo boreas (B. and G.) from the Gothic Review 29:231. region of Colorado. Proceedings of the Burkholder, L.L., and L.V. Diller. 2007. Life Oklahoma Academy of Science 27:61–65. history of postmetamorphic coastal tailed Burger, W.L., P.W. Smith, and H.M. Smith. frogs (Ascaphus truei) in northwestern 1949. Notable records of reptiles and California. Journal of Herpetology 41:251– amphibians in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and 262. Texas. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Burley, L.A., A.T. Moyer, and J.W. Petranka. Science 14:130–134. 2006. Density of an intraguild predator Burgess, R.C., Jr. 1950. Development of mediates feeding group size, intraguild egg spade–foot toad larvae under laboratory predation, and intra– and interspecific conditions. Copeia 1950:49–53. competition Oecologia 148:641–649. 50

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Burmeister, S., and W. Wilczynski. 2000. Burress, R.M. 1982. Effects of synergized Social signals influence hormones rotenone on nontarget organisms in ponds. independently of calling behavior in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, treefrog, Hyla cinerea. Hormones and Investigations in Fish Control No 91:1–7. Behavior 38:201–209. Burroughs, J. 1913. The Writings of John Burmeister, S., and W. Wilczynski. 2001. Burroughs. 17. The Summit of the Years. Social context influences androgenic effects Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, on calling in the green treefrog (Hyla Massachusetts. cinerea). Hormones and Behavior 40:550– Bursey, C.R., and W.F. DeWolf II. 1998. 558. Helminths of the frogs, Rana catesbeiana, Burmeister, S., W. Wilczynski, and M.J. Ryan. Rana clamitans, and Rana palustris, from 1999a. Temporal call changes and prior Coshocton County, Ohio. Ohio Journal of experience affect graded signalling in the Science 98:28–29. cricket frog. Animal Behaviour 57:611–618. Bursey, C.R., and S.R. Goldberg. 2001. Burmeister, S., J. Konieczka, and W. Falcaustra lowei n. sp. and other helminths Wilczynski. 1999b. Agonistic encounters in a from the Tarahumara frog, Rana cricket frog (Acris crepitans) chorus: tarahumarae (Anura: Ranidae), from Sonora, behavioral outcomes vary with local Mexico. Journal of Parasitology 87:340–344. competition and within breeding season. Bursey, C.R., S.R. Goldberg, and J.B. Bettaso. Ethology 105:335–347. 2010. Persistence and stability of the Burmeister, S., A.G. Ophir, M.J. Ryan, and W. component helminth community of the Wilczynski. 2002. Information transfer foothill yellow–legged frog, Rana boylii during cricket frog contests. Animal (Ranidae), from Humboldt County, Behaviour 64:715–725. California, 1964–1965, versus 2004–2007. Burne M.R. 2000. Conservation of vernal American Midland Naturalist 163:476–482. pool–breeding amphibian communities: Burt, C.E. 1932. Records of amphibians and habitat and landscape association with reptiles from the eastern and central United community richness. M.S. thesis, University States (1931). American Midland Naturalist of Massachusetts, Amherst. 13:75–85. Burne, M.R., and C.R. Griffin. 2005. Habitat Burt, C.E. 1933a. Amphibians from the Great associations of pool–breeding amphibians in Basin of the West and adjacent areas (1932). eastern Massachusetts, USA. Wetlands American Midland Naturalist 14:350–354. Ecology and Management 13:247–259. Burt, C.E. 1933b. A contribution to the Burnley, J.M. 1973. Eastern spadefoots, herpetology of Kentucky. American Midland Scaphiopus holbrooki, found on the south Naturalist 14:669–679. fork of Long Island during 1973. Burt, C.E. 1935. Further records of the ecology Englehardtia 6:10. and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Burnley, J.M. 1979. Photographic glimpses of the Middle West. American Midland the Long Island Pine Barrens. Privately Naturalist 16:311–336. published, Massapequa Park, New York. 11 Burt, C.E. 1936. Contributions to the pp. herpetology of Texas. 1. Frogs of the genus Bumzahem, C.B. 1953. Digital trepidation in Pseudacris. American Midland Naturalist the subspecies of the toad Bufo woodhousei. 17:770–775. Copeia 1953:181. Burt, C.E. 1937 (1938). Contributions to Texan 51

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herpetology. 6. Narrow–mouthed froglike Reptiles, Salt Lake City, Utah. toads (Microhyla and ). Papers Bury, R.B., and R.A. Luckenbach. 1976. of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, Introduced amphibians and reptiles in and Letters 23:607–610. California. Biological Conservation 10:1– Burton, E.C., M.J. Gray, and A.C. Schmutzer. 14. 2006. Comparison of anuran call survey Bury, R.B., and J.A. Whelan. 1984. Ecology durations in Tennessee wetlands. Proceedings and management of the bullfrog. U.S. Fish of the Annual Conference of Southeastern and Wildlife Service Resource Publication Fish and Wildlife Agencies, pp. 15–18. 155. Burton, E.C., D.L. Miller, E.L. Styer, and M.J. Bury, R.B., and P.S. Corn. 1988a. Responses Gray. 2008. Amphibian ocular malformation of aquatic and streamside amphibians to associated with Frog Virus 3. Veterinary timber harvest: a review. Pp. 165–181 In K.J. Journal 177:442–444. Raedeke (ed.), Streamside Management. Burton, E.C., M.J. Gray, A.C. Schmutzer, and Riparian Wildlife and Forestry Interactions. D.L. Miller. 2009. Differential responses of Institute of Forest Resources, University of postmetamorphic amphibians to cattle Washington, Contribution No. 59. grazing in wetlands. Journal of Wildlife Bury, R.B., and P.S. Corn. 1988b. Douglas–fir Management 73:269–277. forests in the Oregon and Washington Bury, R.B. 1968. The distribution of Ascaphus Cascades: relation of the herpetofauna to truei in California. Herpetologica 24:39–46. stand age and moisture. Pp. 11–22 In R.C. Bury, R.B. 1970. Food similarities in the tailed Szaro, K.E. Severson, and D.R. Patton frog, Ascaphus truei, and the Olympic (eds.), Management of Amphibians, Reptiles, salamander, Rhyacotriton olympicus. Copeia and Small Mammals in North America. 1970:170–171. USDA Forest Service General and Technical Bury, R.B. 1973. The Cascade frog, Rana Report RM– 166. cascadae, in the North Coast Range of Bury, R.B., and M.J. Adams. 1999. Variation California. Northwest Science 47:228–229. in age at metamorphosis across a latitudinal Bury, R.B. 1983. Differences in amphibian gradient for the tailed frog, Ascaphus truei. populations in logged and old growth Herpetologica 55:283–291. redwood forest. Northwest Science Bury, R.B., C.K. Dodd, Jr., and G.M. Fellers. 57:167–178. 1980. Conservation of the Amphibia of the Bury, R.B. 1988. Habitat relationships and United States. A Review. U.S. Fish and ecological importance of amphibians and Wildlife Service Resource Publication 134. reptiles. Pp. 61–76 In K.J. Raedeke (ed.), Bury, R.B., P.S. Corn, and K.B. Aubry. 1991a. Streamside Management. Riparian Wildlife Regional patterns of terrestrial amphibian and Forestry Interactions. Institute of Forest communities in Oregon and Washington. Pp. Resources, University of Washington, 341–350 In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, A.B. Contribution No. 59. Carey, and M.H. Huff (coordinators), Bury, R.B. 2008. Amphibians in the Wildlife and Vegetation of Unmanaged Willamette Valley, Oregon: survival in a Douglas–fir Forests. USDA Forest Service rapidly urbanizing and developing region. General Technical Report PNW–GTR–285, Pp. 435–444 In J.C. Mitchell, R.E Jung Portland, Oregon. Brown, and B. Bartholomew (eds.), Urban Bury, R.B., P.S. Corn, K.B. Aubrey, F.F. Herpetology. Herpetological Conservation 3. Gilbert, and L.L.C. Jones. 1991b. Aquatic Society for the Study of Amphibians and amphibian communities in Oregon and 52

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Washington. Pp. 353–362 In L.F. Ruggiero, of the Family Hylidae. Journal of the K.B. Aubry, A.B. Carey, and M.H. Huff Tennessee Academy of Science 14:209–215. (coordinators), Wildlife and Vegetation of Butler, J.M. 2007. Rana sphenocephala Unmanaged Douglas–fir Forests. USDA (Southern Leopard Frog) and Scaphiopus Forest Service General Technical Report holbrookii (Eastern Spadefoot). Reproductive PNW–GTR–285, Portland, Oregon. behavior. Herpetological Review 38:444. Bury, R.B., P. Loafman, D. Rofkar, and K.I. Butterfield, B.P. 1988. Age structure and Mike. 2001. Clutch sizes and nests of tailed reproductive biology of the Illinois chorus frogs from the Olympic Peninsula, frog (Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis) from Washington. Northwest Science 75:419–422. northeastern Arkansas. M.S. thesis, Arkansas Busack, S.D., and R.B. Bury. 1975. Toad in State University, Jonesboro. exile. National Parks and Conservation Butterfield, B.P., W.E. Meshaka, and S.E. Magazine (March):15–16. Trauth. 1989. Fecundity and egg mass size of Busby, W.H., and W.R. Brecheisen. 1997. the Illinois chorus frog, Pseudacris streckeri Chorusing phenology and habitat illinoensis (Hylidae), from northeastern associations of the crawfish frog, Rana Arkansas. Southwestern Naturalist 34:556– areolata (Anura: Ranidae), in Kansas. 557. Southwestern Naturalist 42:210–217. Butterfield, B.P., H.A. Messer, L.D. Bennie, Busby, W.H., and J.R. Parmelee. 1996. and J.W. Stanley. 2009. Distribution Historical changes in a herpetofaunal Pseudacris crucifer (Spring Peeper). assemblage in the Flint Hills of Kansas. Herpetological Review 40:234–235. American Midland Naturalist 135:81–91. Buttermore, K.F., P.N. Litkenhaus, D.C. Busby, W.H., J.T. Collins, and G. Suleiman. Torpey, G.R. Smith, and J.E. Rettig. 2011. 2005. The Snakes, , Turtles, and Effects of (Gambusia affinis) Amphibians of Fort Riley and Vicinity. 2nd cues on wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) rev. ed. Kansas Biological Survey, Lawrence. tadpole activity. Acta Herpetologica 6:81–85. [first edition, 1996] Buzo, D. 2008. A GIS model for identifying Buseck, R.S., D.A. Keinath, and M. Geraud. potential breeding habitat for the Houston 2005. Species assessment for Great Basin toad (Bufo houstonensis). M.S. thesis, Texas spadefoot toad (Spea intermontana) in State University–San Marcos, Texas. Wyoming. Wyoming Natural Diversity Cabarle, K.C. 2006. Geographic distribution: Database, University of Wyoming, Laramie. Rana sylvatica (Wood Frog). Herpetological Bush, F.M. 1959. Foods of some Kentucky Review 37:359. herptiles. Herpetologica 15:73–77. Cagle, F.R. 1941. Key to the reptiles and Bush, F.M., and E.F. Menhinick. 1962. The amphibians of Illinois. Museum of Natural food of Bufo woodhousei fowleri Hinckley. and Social Sciences Southern Illinois Herpetologica 18:110–114. Normal University 5: 1–32. Bush, S.L., H.C. Gerhardt, and J. Schul. 2002. Cagle, F.R. 1942. Herpetological fauna of Pattern recognition and call preferences in Jackson and Union counties, Illinois. treefrogs (Anura: Hylidae): a quantitative American Midland Naturalist 28:164–200. analysis using a no–choice paradigm. Animal Cagle, F.R. 1954. A Texas population of the Behaviour 63:7–14. cricket frog, Acris. Copeia 1954:227–228. Bushnell, R.J., E.P. Bushnell, and M.V. Parker. Cahn, A.R. 1926. A set of albino frog eggs. 1939. A chromosome study of five members Copeia (151):107–109. 53

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Cahn, A.R. 1939. The barking frog, Hyla Calhoun, A.J., N.A. Miller, and M.W. gratiosa, in northern Alabama. Copeia Klemens. 2005. Conserving pool–breeding 1939:52–53. amphibians in human–dominated landscapes Cain, B.W., and S.R. Utesch. 1976. An unusual through local implementation of Best color pattern of the green tree frog Hyla Development Practices. Wetlands Ecology cinerea. Southwestern Naturalist 21:235– and Management 13:291–304. 236. Calsbeek, R., and S.R. Kuchta. 2011. Predator Caldwell, J.P. 1982. Disruptive selection: a tail mediated selection and the impact of color polymorphism in Acris tadpoles in developmental stage on viability in wood response to differential predation. Canadian frog tadpoles (Rana sylvatica). BMC Journal of Zoology 60:2818–2827. Evolutionary Biology 11:e353. Caldwell, J.P. 1986. Selection of egg Camara, J., and B.W. Buttrey. 1961. Intestinal deposition sites: a seasonal shift in the protozoa from tadpoles and adults of the southern leopard frog, Rana sphenocephala. mink frog, Rana septentrionalis Baird. Copeia 1986:249–253. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Caldwell, J.P. 1987. Demography and life Science 40:59–66. history of two species of chorus frogs Cameron, A.W., and A.J. Tomlinson. 1962. (Anura: Hylidae) in South Carolina. Copeia Dispersal of the introduced green frog in 1987:114–127. Newfoundland. Bulletin of the National Caldwell, J.P., J.H. Thorp, and T.O. Jervey. Museum of Canada (183):104–110. 1980. Predator–prey relationships among Cameron, J.A. 1940. Effect of fluorine on larval , salamanders, and frogs. hatching time and hatching stage in Rana Oecologia 46:285–289. pipiens. Ecology 21:288–292. Calef, G.W. 1973a. Natural mortality of Camp, C.D., and R.A. Pyron. 2003. tadpoles in a population of Rana aurora. Geographic distribution: Rana sylvatica Ecology 54:741–758. (Wood Frog). Herpetological Review 34:382. Calef, G.W. 1973b. Spatial distribution and Camp, C.D., C.E. Condee, and D.G. Lovell. “effective” breeding population of red– 1990. Oviposition, larval development, and legged frogs (Rana aurora) in Marion Lake, metamorphosis in the wood frog, Rana British Columbia. Canadian Field–Naturalist sylvatica (Anura: Ranidae), in Georgia. 87:279–284. Brimleyana 16:17–21. Calfee, R.D., and E.E. Little. 2003. The effects Camp, C.L. 1915. Batrachoseps major and of ultraviolet–B radiation on the toxicity of Bufo cognatus californicus, new amphibia fire– fighting chemicals. Environmental from southern California. University of Toxicology and Chemistry 22:1525–1531. California Publications in Zoology 12:327– Calhoon, R.E., and D.L. Jameson. 1970. 334. Canonical correlation between variation in Camp, C.L. 1916. Description of Bufo canorus, weather and variation in size in the Pacific a new toad from the Yosemite National Park. tree frog in southern California. Copeia University of California Publications in 1970:124–134. Zoology 17:59–62. Calhoun, A.J.K., T.E. Walls, S.S. Stockwell, Camp, C.L. 1917. Notes on the systematic and M.M. McCollough. 2003. Evaluating status of the toads and frogs of California. several vernal pools as a basis for University of California Publications in conservation strategies: a Maine case study. Zoology 17:115–125. Wetlands 23:70–81. Campbell, B. 1931. Rana tarahumarae, a frog 54

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new to the United States. Copeia 1931:164. Campbell, J.B., and W.G. Degenhardt. 1971. Campbell, B. 1933. Further notes on Bufo boreas boreas in New Mexico. spadefoots (Scaphiopus hammondii). Copeia Southwestern Naturalist 16:209–220. 1933:100. Campbell, K.R., T.S. Campbell, and S.A. Campbell, B. 1934a. Notes on three Johnson. 2010. The use of PVC pipe refugia amphibians. Crater Lake National Park to evaluate spatial and temporal distributions Nature Notes 2:8. of native and introduced treefrogs. Florida Campbell, B. 1934b. Report on a collection of Scientist 73:78–88. reptiles and amphibians made in Arizona Campbell, P.M., and W.K. Davis. 1968. during the summer of 1933. Occasional Vertebrates in the stomachs of Bufo valliceps. Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Herpetologica 24:327–328. University of Michigan No. 289. Campbell, R.A. 1968. A comparative study of Campbell, C.A. 1969. Who cares for the the parasites of certain Salientia from Fowler’s toad? Ontario Naturalist 7(4):24– Pocohontas State Park, Virginia. Virginia 27. Journal of Science 19:13–20. Campbell, C.E., I.G. Warkentin, and K.G. Campbell, R.W. 2007. Turkey vultures feeding Powell. 2004. Factors influencing the on live Western toad toadlets. Wildlife Afield distribution and potential spread on 4: 275–277. introduced anurans in western Campbell, T.S. 2007. Osteopilus Newfoundland. Northeastern Naturalist septentrionalis (Cuban Treefrog). 11:151–162. Saurophagy. Herpetological Review 38:440. Campbell, J.B. 1970a. Life history of Bufo Camponelli, K.M., R.E. Casey, J.W. boreas boreas in the Colorado Front Range. Snodgrass, S.M. Lev, and E.R. Landa. 2009. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Colorado, Impacts of weathered tire debris on the Boulder. development of Rana sylvatica larvae. Campbell, J.B. 1970b. Food habits of the Chemosphere 74:717–722. boreal toad, Bufo boreas boreas, in the Capranica, R.R. 1965. The Evoked Vocal Colorado Front Range. Journal of Response of the Bullfrog. MIT Press, Herpetology 4:83–85. Cambridge, Massachusetts. Campbell, J.B. 1970c. Hibernacula of a Capranica, R.R. 1968. The vocal repertoire of population of Bufo boreas boreas in the the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Behaviour Colorado Front Range. Herpetologica 31:302–325. 26:278–282. Capranica, R., L. Frishkopf, and M.H. Campbell, J.B. 1970d. New elevational records Goldstein, Jr. 1967. Experiments on speech for the boreal toad (Bufo boreas boreas). perception: voice and hearing in the bullfrog. Arctic and Alpine Research 2:157–159. Pp. 244–246 In Proceedings of a Symposium Campbell, J.B. 1976. Environmental controls on Models for the Perception of Speech and on boreal toad populations in the San Juan Visual Form. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mountains. Pp. 289–295 In H.W. Steinhoff Massachusetts. and J.D. Ives (eds.), Ecological Impacts of Capranica, R.R., L.S. Frishkopf, and E. Nevo. Snowpack Augmentation in the San Juan 1973. Encoding of geographic dialects in the Mountains, Colorado. San Juan Ecology auditory system of the cricket frog. Science Project, Colorado State University 182:1272–1275. Publishing, Fort Collins. Carey, C. 1976. Thermal physiology and 55

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energetics of boreal toads, Bufo boreas Herpetological Review 13:130. boreas. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Carfagno, G.L.F., J.M. Carithers, L.J. Mycoff, Michigan, Ann Arbor. and R.M. Lehtinen. 2011. How the cricket Carey, C. 1993. Hypothesis concerning the frog lost its spot: the inducible defense causes of the disappearance of boreal toads hypothesis. Herpetologica 67:386–396. from the mountains of Colorado. Carl, G.C. 1942. The western spadefoot toad in Conservation Biology 7:355–362. British Columbia. Copeia 1942:129. Carey, C., and C.J. Bryant. 1995. Possible Carl, G.C. 1943. The amphibians of British interrelations among environmental Columbia. British Columbia Provincial toxicants, amphibian development, and Museum, Bulletin No. 2. decline of amphibian populations. Carl, G.C. 1949. Extensions of known ranges Environmental Health Perspectives 103 of some amphibians in British Columbia. (Supplement 4):13–17. Herpetologica 5:139. Carey, C., and L.J. Livo. 2009. Carl, G.C., and G.A. Hardy. 1943. Report on a Chytridiomycosis in Woodhouse’s toad collecting trip to the Lac La Hache area, (Anaxyrus woodhousii) in Colorado. British Columbia. Report of the British Herpetological Review 40:50–52. Columbia Provincial Museum for 1942:25– Carey, C., G.D. Maniero, and J.F. Stinn. 1996. 49. Effect of cold on immune function and Carl, G.C., and I. M. Cowan. 1945. Notes on susceptibility to bacterial infection in toads some frogs and toads of British Columbia. (Bufo marinus). Pp. 123–129 In F. Geiser, Copeia 1945:52–53. A.J. Hulbert, and S.C. Nicol (eds.), Carpenter, C.C. 1953a. A study of hibernacula Adaptations to Cold. Tenth International and hibernating associations of snakes and Hibernation Symposium. University of New amphibians in Michigan. Ecology 34:74–80. England Press, Armidale, Australia. Carpenter, C.C. 1953b. Aggregation behavior Carey, C., N. Cohen, and L. Rollins–Smith. of tadpoles of Rana p. pretiosa. 1999. Amphibian declines: an immunological Herpetologica 9:77–78. perspective. Developmental and Comparative Carpenter, C.C. 1953c.An ecological survey of Immunology 23:459–472. the herpetofauna of the Grand Teton–Jackson Carey, C., P.S. Corn, M.S. Jones, L.J. Livo, E. Hole area of Wyoming. Copeia 1953:170– Muths, and C.W. Loeffler. 2005. Factors 174. limiting the recovery of boreal toads (Bufo b. Carpenter, C.C. 1954a. A study of amphibian boreas). Pp. 222–236 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), movement in the Jackson Hole Wildlife Park. Amphibian Declines. The Conservation Copeia 1954:197–200. Status of United States Species. University of Carpenter, C.C. 1954b. Feeding aggregation of California Press, Berkeley. narrow mouth toads (Microhyla carolinensis Carey, C., J.E. Bruzgul, L.J. Livo, M.L. olivacea). Proceedings of the Oklahoma Walling, K.A. Kuehl, B.F. Dixon, A.P. Academy of Science 35:45. Pessier, R.A. Alford, and K.B. Rogers. 2006. Carpenter, C.C. 1955. The amphibians and Experimental exposures of boreal toads (Bufo reptiles of the University of Oklahoma boreas) to a pathogenic chytrid fungus Biological Station area in south central (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma EcoHealth 3:5–21. Academy of Science 36:39–46. Carey, S.D. 1982. Geographic distribution. Carpenter, C.C. 1957. Michigan’s frogs and Eleutherodactylus planirostris. toads. Jack Pine Warbler 35:64–67. 56

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Carpenter, C.C., and D.E. Delzell. 1951. Road University of California, Berkeley. records as indicators of differential spring Case, S.M. 1978a. Electrophoretic variation in migrations of amphibians. Herpetologica two species of ranid frogs, Rana boylei and 7:63–64. R. muscosa. Copeia 1978:311–320. Carpenter, H.L., and E.O. Morrison. 1973. Case, S.M. 1978b. Biochemical systematics of Feeding behavior of the bullfrog, Rana members of the genus Rana native to western catesbeiana, in northcentral Texas. Bios North America. Systematic Zoology 27:299– 44:188–193. 311. Carpenter, N.M., M.L. Casazza, and G.D. Case, S.M., P.G. Haneline, and M.F. Smith. Wylie. 2002. Rana catesbeiana (Bullfrog). 1975. Protein variation in several species of Diet. Herpetological Review 33:130. Hyla. Systematic Zoology 24:281–295. Carr, A.F., Jr. 1934. A key to the breeding– Cash, M.N., and J.P. Bogart. 1978. Cytological songs of Florida frogs. Florida Naturalist differentiation of the diploid–tetraploid 7(2):19–23. species pair of North American Carr, A.F., Jr. 1940a. A contribution to the treefrogs (Amphibia, Anura, Reptilia). herpetology of Florida. University of Florida Journal of Herpetology 12:555–558. Publication, Biological Science Series Cash, W.B. 1994. Herpetofaunal diversity of a 3(1):1–118. temporary wetland in the Southeast Atlantic Carr, A.F., Jr. 1940b. Dates of frog choruses in Coastal Plain. M.S. thesis, Georgia Southern Florida. Copeia 1940:55. University, Statesboro. Carr, L.W., and L. Fahrig. 2001. Effect of road Casper, G.S. 1996. Geographic distributions of traffic on two amphibian species of differing the amphibians and reptiles of Wisconsin. An vagility. Conservation Biology 15:1071– interim report of the Wisconsin 1078. Herpetological Atlas Project. Milwaukee Carr, L.W., L. Fahrig, and S.E. Pope. 2000. Public Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Impacts of landscape transformation by Casper, G.S. 1998. Review of the status of roads. Pp. 225–243 In K.J. Gutzwiller Wisconsin amphibians. Pp. 199–205 In M.J. (ed.), Applying Landscape Ecology in Lannoo (ed.), Status & Distribution of Biological Conservation. Springer–Verlag, Midwestern Amphibians. University of Iowa New York. Press, Iowa City. Cartwright, M.E., S.E. Trauth, and J.D. Castano, B., S. Miely, G.R. Smith, and J.E. Wilhide. 1998. Wood frog (Rana sylvatica) Rettig. 2010. Interactive effects of food use of wildlife ponds in northcentral availability and temperature on wood frog Arkansas. Journal of the Arkansas Academy (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles. Herpetological of Science 52:32–34. Journal 20:209–211. Cary, J.A. 2010. Determining habitat Catalano, P.A., and A.M. White. 1977. New characteristics that predict oviposition site host records for Haematoloechus complex selection for pond–breeding northern red– (Seely) Krull, 1933 from Hyla crucifer and legged frogs (Rana aurora) in Humboldt Rana sylvatica. Ohio Journal of Science County, California. M.A. thesis, Humboldt 77:99. State University, Arcata, California. Catesby, M. 1731–1747. The Natural History Case, S.M. 1976. Evolutionary studies in of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands. selected North American frogs of the genus Benjamin White, London. [issued in parts] Rana (Amphibia, Anura). Ph.D. dissertation, Cecil, S.G., and J.J. Just. 1979. Survival rate, 57

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population density and development of a Wildlife Service, Investigations in Fish naturally occurring anuran larvae (Rana Control No. 62:1–7. catesbeiana). Copeia 1979:447–453. Chandler, J.H., and L.L. Marking. 1982. Cely, J.E., and J.A. Sorrow, Jr. 1986. Toxicity of rotenone to selected aquatic Distribution and habitat of Hyla andersonii in and frog larvae. Progressive South Carolina. Journal of Herpetology Fish Culturist 44:78–80. 20:102–104. Chantell, C.J. 1970. Upper Pliocene frogs from Chamberlain, E.B. 1939. Frogs and toads of Idaho. Copeia 1970:654–664. South Carolina. Charleston Museum Leaflet Chantell, C.J. 1971. amphibians from No. 12. the Egelhoff Local Fauna of northcentral Chamberlain, F.M. 1897. Notes on the edible Nebraska. Contributions from the Museum frogs of the United States and their artificial of , University of Michigan propagation. U.S. Bureau of Fisheries for 23:239–246. 1897:249–261. Chapel, W.L. 1939. Field notes on Hyla Chambers, D.L. 2011. Increased conductivity wrightorum Taylor. Copeia 1939:225–227. affects corticosterone levels and prey Chapman, B.R., and S.D. Castro. 1972. consumption in larval amphibians. Journal of Additional vertebrate prey of the loggerhead Herpetology 45:219–223. shrike. Wilson Bulletin 84:496–497. Chan, L.M., and K.R. Zamudio. 2009. Chapman, R.M. 1966. Light wavelength and Population differentiation of temperate energy preferences of the bullfrog: evidence amphibians in unpredictable for color vision. Journal of Comparative environments. Molecular Ecology 18:3185– Physiology and Psychology 61:429–435. 3200. Chatfield, M.W.H., B.B. Rothermel, C.S. Chan–McLeod, A. C. A. 2003. Factors Brooks, and J.B. Kay. 2009. Detection of affecting the permeability of clearcuts to red– Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in legged frogs. Journal of Wildlife amphibians from the Great Smoky Management 67:663–671. Mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee. Chan–McLeod, A.A., and B. Wheeldon. 2004. Herpetological Review 40:176–179. Rana aurora (Northern Red–legged Frog). Cheek, A. O., C. F. Ide, J. E. Bollinger, C. V. Habitat and movement. Herpetological Rider, and J. A. McLachlan. 1999. Alteration Review 35:375. of leopard frog (Rana pipiens) Chan–McLeod, A.C.A., and A. Moy. 2007. metamorphosis by the herbicide acetochlor. Evaluating residual tree patches as stepping Archives of Environmental Contamination stones and short–term refugia for red–legged and Toxicology 37: 70–77. frogs. Journal of Wildlife Management Chelgren, N.D., D.K. Rosenberg, S.S. Heppell, 71:1836–1844. and A.I. Gitelman. 2006. Carryover aquatic Chance, K.B. 2002. A telemetric study of effects on survival of metamorphic frogs winter habitat selection by the American during pond emigration. Ecological bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, in east– Applications 16:250–261. central Kansas. M.S. thesis, Emporia State Chelgren, N.D., C.A. Pearl, M.J. Adams, and J. University, Emporia, Kansas. Bowerman. 2008a. Demography and Chandler, J.H., and L.L. Marking. 1975. movement in a relocated population of Toxicity of the lampricide 3–trifluoromethyl– Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa): 4–nitrophenol (TFM) to selected aquatic influence of season and gender. Copeia invertebrates and frog larvae. U.S. Fish and 2008:742–751. 58

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Chelgren, N.D., D.K. Rosenberg, S.S. Heppell, Biological Bulletin 57:412–421. and A. I. Gitelman. 2008b. Individual Cheng, T.–H. 1930. Intersexuality in tadpoles variation affects departure rate from the natal of Rana cantabrigensis. Papers of the pond in an ephemeral pond–breeding anuran. Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Canadian Journal of Zoology 86: 260–267. Letters 11:353–368. Chelgren, N.D., B. Samora, M.J. Adams, and Chermock, R.L. 1952. A key to the amphibians B. McCreary. 2011. Using spatiotemporal and reptiles of Alabama. Geological Survey models and distance sampling to map the of Alabama, Museum Paper 23. space use and abundance of newly Chestnut, T., J.E. Johnson, and R.S. Wagner. metamorphosed western toads (Anaxyrus 2008. Results of amphibian chytrid boreas). Herpetological Conservation and (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) sampling Biology 6:175–190. in Denali National Park, Alaska, USA. Chen, C.Y., K.M. Hathaway, and C.L. Folt. Herpetological Review 39:202–204. 2004. Multiple stress effects of Vision™ Childs, C. 2000. The Secret Knowledge of herbicide, pH, and food on zooplankton Water. Little, Brown and Co., New York. and larval amphibian species from forest Childs, H.E., Jr. 1953. Selection by predation wetlands. Environmental Toxicology and on albino and normal spadefoot toads. Chemistry 23:823–831. Evolution 7:228–233. Chen, C.Y., K.M. Hathaway, D.G. Thompson, Childs, H.E., Jr. 1955. An incidence of and C.L. Folt. 2008. Multiple stressor effects albinism in yellow–legged frogs. Bulletin of of herbicide, pH, and food on wetland the Southern California Acdemy of Science zooplankton and a larval amphibian. 54:126–127. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Chivers, D.P., and R.S. Mirza. 2001. 71:209–218. Importance of predator diet cues in responses Chen, G.J., and S.S. Desser. 1989. The of larval wood frogs to fish and Coccidia (: Eimeriidae) of frogs predators. Journal of Chemical from Algonquian Park, with descriptions of Ecology 27:45–51. two new species. Canadian Journal of Chivers, D.P., J.M. Kiesecker, E.L. Wildy, Zoology 67:1686–1689. L.K. Belden, L.B. Kats, and A.R. Blaustein. Chen, T.–H., J.A. Gross, and W.H. Karasov. 1999a. Avoidance response of post– 2006. Sublethal effects of lead on northern metamorphic anurans to cues of injured leopard frog (Rana pipiens) tadpoles. conspecifics and predators. Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Herpetology 33:472–476. 25:1383–1389. Chivers, D.P., J.M. Kiesecker, A. Marco, E.L. Cheng, T.C. 1961. Description, life history and Wildy, and A.R. Blaustein. 1999b. Shifts in developmental pattern of Glypthelmins life history as a response to predation in pennsylvaniensis n. sp. (Trematoda: Western toads (Bufo boreas). Journal of Brachycoeliidae), new parasite of frogs. Chemical Ecology 25:2455–2463. Journal of Parasitology 47:469–477. Chivers, D.P., J.M. Kiesecker, A. Marco, J. Cheng, T.–H. 1929a. Intersexuality in Rana DeVito, M.T. Anderson, and A.R. Blaustein. cantabrigensis. Journal of Morphology and 2001a. Predator–induced life history changes Physiology 48:345–369. in amphibians: egg predation induces Cheng, T.–H. 1929b. A new case of hatching. Oikos 92: 135–142. intersexuality in Rana cantabrigensis. Chivers, D.P., E.L. Wildy, J.M. Kiesecker and 59

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A.R. Blaustein. 2001. Avoidance response of endangered and uncommon reptiles and juvenile Pacific treefrogs to chemical cues of amphibians of Iowa. Iowa Science Teachers introduced predatory bullfrogs. Journal of Journal, Special Issue, 26 pp. Chemical Ecology 27: 1667–1676. Christiansen, J.L., and C.M. Mabry. 1985. The Chrapliwy, P.S. 1953. Taxonomy and amphibians and reptiles of Iowa’s Loess distribution of the spadefoot toads of North Hills. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of America (Salientia: Pelobatidae). M.S. thesis, Science 92:159–163. University of Kansas, Lawrence. Christiansen, J.L., and R.M. Bailey. 1991. The Chrapliwy, P.S., and K.L. Williams. 1957. A salamanders and frogs of Iowa. Iowa species of frog new to the fauna of the United Department of Natural Resources, Nongame States: Pternohyla fodiens Boulenger. Technical Series 3. Natural History Miscellanea (160):1–2. Christiansen, J.L., and H. Feltman. 2000. A Chrapliwy, P.S., and E. V. Malnate. 1961. The relationship between trematode metacercariae systematic status of the spadefoot toad Spea and bullfrog limb abnormalities. Journal of laticeps Cope. Texas Journal of Science the Iowa Academy of Science 107:79–85. 13:160–162. Christie, K., J. Schul, and A.S. Feng. 2010. Christein, D., and D.H. Taylor. 1978. Phonotaxis to male’s calls embedded within a Population dynamics in breeding chorus by female gray treefrogs, Hyla aggregations of the American toad, Bufo versicolor. Journal of Comparative americanus (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Physiology A 196:569–579. Journal of Herpetology 12:17–24. Christie, P. 1997. Reptiles and Amphibians of Christein, D., S.I. Guttman, and D.H. Taylor. Prince Edward County Ontario. Natural 1979. Heterozygote deficiencies in a Heritage Books, Toronto. breeding population of Bufo americanus Christin, M.–S., A.D. Gendron, P. Brousseau, (Bufonidae: Anura): the test of a hypothesis. L. Ménard, D.J. Marcogliese, D. Cyr, S. Copeia 1979:498–502. Ruby, and M. Fournier. 2003. Effects of Christian, K.A. 1976. Ontogeny of the food agricultural pesticides on the immune system niche of Pseudacris triseriata. M.S. thesis, of Rana pipiens and on its resistance to Colorado State University, Fort Collins. parasitic infection. Environmental Christian, K.A. 1982. Changes in the food Toxicology and Chemistry 22:1127–1133. niche during postmetamorphic ontogeny of Christin, M.–S., L. Ménard, A.D. Gendron, S. the frog Pseudacris triseriata. Copeia Ruby, D. Cyr, D.J. Marcogliese, L. Rollins– 1982:73–80. Smith, and M. Fournier. 2004. Effects of Christiansen, J.L. 1981. Population trends agricultural pesticides on the immune system among Iowa’s amphibians and reptiles. of Xenopus laevis and Rana pipiens. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Aquatic Toxicology 67:33–43. 88:24–27. Christman, B., K.B. Malmos, A.T. Holycross, Christiansen, J.L. 1998. Perspectives on Iowa’s and R.C. Averill–Murray. 2000. Bufo declining amphibians and reptiles. Journal of punctatus and Bufo woodhousii (Red– the Iowa Academy of Science 105:109– spotted Toad and Woodhouse’s Toad). 114. Hybridization. Herpetological Review 31:99– Christiansen, J.L. 2001. Non–native 100. amphibians and reptiles in Iowa. Journal of Christman, S.P. 1970. Hyla andersoni in the Iowa Academy of Science 108:210–211. Florida. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Christiansen, J.L., and R.R. Burken. 1978. The Academy of Sciences 33:80. 60

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Christman, S.P. 1974. Geographic variation for embryos and larvae. Canadian Journal of salt water tolerance in the frog Rana Zoology 63:116–123. sphenocephala. Copeia 1974:773–778. Clark, K.C., and B.D. LaZerte. 1985. A Christoffel, R., R. Hay and M. Wolfgram. laboratory study of the effects of aluminum 2001. Amphibians of Wisconsin. Wisconsin and pH on amphibian eggs and tadpoles. Department of Natural Resources PUB–ER– Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic 105 Sciences 42:1544–1551. Church, D.R. 2008. Role of current versus Clark, K.C., and B.D. LaZerte. 1987. historical hydrology in amphibian species Intraspecific variation in hydrogen ion and turnover within local pond communities. aluminum toxicity in Bufo americanus and Copeia 2008:115–125. Ambystoma maculatum. Canadian Journal of Church, D.R., H.M. Wilbur, S.M. Roble, F.C. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44:1622– Huber, and M.W. Donahue. 2002. 1628. Observations on breeding by eastern Clark, P.J., J.M. Reed, B.G. Tavernia, B.S. spadefoots (Scaphiopus holbrookii) in Windmiller, and J.V. Regosin. 2008. Augusta County, Virginia. Banisteria 20:71– Urbanization effects on spotted salamander 72. and wood frog presence and abundance. Pp. Churchill, T.A., and K.B. Storey. 1996. Organ 67–75 In J.C. Mitchell, R.E. Jung Brown, metabolism and cryoprotectant synthesis and B. Bartholomew (eds.), Urban during freezing in spring peepers Pseudacris Herpetology. Herpetological Conservation 3. crucifer. Copeia 1996:517–525. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Claflin, W.J. 1962. Larval growth and Reptiles, Salt Lake City, Utah. development of Pseudacris nigrita triseriata Clark, R.F. 1949. Snakes of the hill parishes of and Rana pipiens in semi–permanent ponds Louisiana. Journal of the Tennessee in south–eastern South Dakota. M.A. thesis, Academy of Science 24:244–261. State University of South Dakota, Clark, V.R. 2001. Rana heckscheri (River Vermillion. Frog). Ectoparasites. Herpetological Review Clark, C.B., and A.N. Bragg. 1950. A 32:36. comparison of the ovaries of two species of Clarke, R.D. 1972. The effect of toe clipping Bufo with different ecological requirements. on survival in Fowler’s toad (Bufo Pp. 143–152 In Researches on the Amphibia woodhousei fowleri). Copeia 1972:182–185. of Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma Press, Clarke, R.D. 1974a. Activity and movement Norman. patterns in a population of Fowler’s toad, Clark, G.W., J. Bradford, and R. Nussbaum. Bufo woodhousei fowleri. American Midland 1969. Blood parasites of some Pacific Naturalist 92:257–274. Northwest amphibians. Bulletin of the Clarke, R.D. 1974b. Food habits of the toads, Wildlife Disease Association 5:117–118. genus Bufo (Amphibia, Bufonidae). Clark, H.O., Jr. 2008. American Midland Naturalist 91:140–147. (Western Spadefoot). Predation and use as Clarke, R.D. 1974c. Postmetamorphic growth burrow decorations. Herpetological Review rates in a natural population of Fowler’s toad, 39:80–81. Bufo woodhousei fowleri. Canadian Journal Clark, K.C., and R.J. Hall. 1985. Effects of of Zoology 52:1489–1498. elevated hydrogen ion and aluminum Clarke, R.D. 1977. Postmetamorphic concentration on the survival of amphibian survivorship of Fowler’s toad, Bufo 61

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woodhousei fowleri. Copeia 1977:594–597. Herpetological Society 47:38–41. Clarke, R.F. 1958. An ecological study of Cochran, D.M. 1932. Our friend the frog. reptiles and amphibians in Osage County, National Geographic Magazine (May):628– Kansas. Emporia State Research Studies 7:1– 654. 52. Cochran, D.M. 1961. Type specimens of Clarkson, R.W., and J.C. DeVos, Jr. 1986. The reptiles and amphibians in the United States bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana Shaw, in the National Museum. Bulletin of the U.S. lower Colorado River, Arizona–California. National Museum (220): xv + 291 pp. Journal of Herpetology 20:42–49. Cochran, D.M., and C.J. Goin. 1970. The New Clarkson, R.W., and J.C. Rorabaugh. 1989. Field Book of Reptiles and Amphibians. Status of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens G.P. Putnam’s Sons, New York. complex: Ranidae) in Arizona and Cochran, P.A. 1999. Rana sylvatica (Wood southeastern California. Southwestern Frog). Predation. Herpetological Review Naturalist 34:531–538. 30:94. Claussen, D.L. 1973a. The water relations of Cochran, P.A. 2008. An unusual microhabitat the tailed frog, Ascaphus truei, and the for an American toad (Anaxyrus Pacific treefrog, Hyla regilla. americanus). Bulletin of the Chicago Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Herpetological Society 43:62. 44A:155–171. Cochran, P.A., and J.A. Cochran. 2003. Claussen, D.L. 1973b. The thermal relations of Pseudacris crucifer (Spring Peeper). the tailed frog, Ascaphus truei, and the Predation. Herpetological Review 34:360. Pacific treefrog, Hyla regilla. Comparative Cochran, P.M. 2007. Bufo americanus Biochemistry and Physiology 44A:137–153. (American Toad). Predation. Herpetological Claussen, D.L. 1974. Urinary bladder water Review 38:178. reserves in the terrestrial toad, Bufo fowleri, Cockerell, T. 1927. Zoology of Colorado. and the aquatic frog, Rana clamitans. University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. Herpetologica 30:360–367. Cocroft, R.B. 1994. A cladistic analysis of Claussen, D.L., and J.R. Layne, Jr. 1983. chorus frog phylogeny (Hylidae: Pseudacris). Growth and survival of juvenile toads, Bufo Herpetologica 50:420–437. woodhousei, maintained on different diets. Cocroft, R.B., and M.J. Ryan. 1995. Patterns of Journal of Herpetology 17:107–112. advertisement call evolution in toads and Clawson, M.E., and T.S. Baskett. 1982. chorus frogs. Animal Behaviour 49:283–303. Herpetofauna of the Ashland Wildlife Area, Cogger, H.G., and R.G. Zweifel (eds.). 1992. Boone County, Missouri. Transactions, Reptiles & Amphibians. Smithmark Missouri Academy of Science 16:5–16. Publishers, New York. Clawson, R.G., B.G. Lockley, and R.H. Jones. Cogger, H.G., and R.G. Zweifel (eds.). 1998. 1997. Amphibian responses to helicopter Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians. harvesting in forested floodplains of low Second edition, Smithmark Publishers, New order, blackwater streams. Forest Ecology York. and Management 90:225–235. Coggins, J.R., and R.A. Sajdak. 1982. A survey Clemmer, J.H., E.Z. Miller, L. Wolgamott, of helminth parasites in the salamanders and G.R. Smith, and J.E. Rettig. 2011. The certain anurans from Wisconsin. Proceedings effects of temperature and salinity on wood of the Helminthological Society of frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) tadpole growth Washington 49:99–102. and survival. Bulletin of the Maryland Cohen, J.S., S. Ng and B. Blossey. 2012a. 62

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Quantity counts: amount of litter determines Collins, J.P. 1975. A comparative study of the tadpole performance in experimental life history strategies in a community of mesocosms. Journal of Herpetology 46:85– frogs. Ph.D. dissertation, University of 90. Michigan, Ann Arbor. Cohen, J.S., J.C. Maerz, and B. Blossey. Collins, J.P., and M.A. Lewis. 1979. 2012b. Traits, not origin, explain impacts of Overwintering tadpoles and breeding season plants on larval amphibians. Ecological variation in the Rana pipiens complex in Applications 22:218–222. Arizona. Southwestern Naturalist 24:371– Cohen, N.W., and W.E. Howard. 1958. 373. Bullfrog food and growth at the San Joaquin Collins, J.P., and H.M. Wilbur. 1979. Breeding Experimental Range, California. Copeia habits and habitats of the amphibians of the 1958:223–225. Edwin S. George Reserve, Michigan, with Colbert, N., R.F. Baldwin, and R. Thiet. 2011. notes on the local distribution of fishes. A developer–initiated conservation plan for Occasional Papers of the Museum of pool–breeding amphibians in Maine, USA: a Zoology, University of Michigan No. 686. case study. Journal of Conservation Planning Collins, J.T. 1993. Amphibians & Reptiles in 7: 27–38. Kansas. 3rd rev. ed. University of Kansas, Cole, C.J. 1962. Notes on the distribution and Museum of Natural History, Lawrence. [first food habits of Bufo alvarius at the eastern edition, 1974; second edition, 1982] edge of its range. Herpetologica 18:172–175. Collins, J.T., and S.L. Collins. 2006. Cole, C.J. 1966. The chromosomes of Acris Amphibians, turtles and reptiles of Cheyenne crepitans blanchardi. Copeia 1966:578–580. Bottoms. Sternberg Museum of Natural Cole, C.J., C.H. Lowe, and J.W. Wright. 1968. History, Fort Hays State University, Fort Karyotypes of eight species of toads (genus Hays, Kansas . [first edition, 1993] Bufo) in North America. Copeia 1968:96– Collins, J.T., S.L. Collins, and T.W. Taggart. 100. 2010. Amphibians, Reptiles, and Turtles in Cole, E.C., W.C. McComb, M. Newton, C.L. Kansas. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Chambers, and J.P. Leeming. 1997. Response Mountain, Utah. of amphibians to clearcutting, burning, and Collins, J.T., S.L. Collins, and T.W. Taggart. glyphosate application in the Oregon Coast 2011. Amphibians, Reptiles, and Turtles of Range. Journal of Wildlife Management the Cimarron National Grassland Kansas. 61:656–664. U.S. Forest Service, Cimarron National Cole, L.M., and J.E. Casida. 1983. Pyrethroid Grassland, Elkhart, Kansas. [first edition, toxicology in the frog. Pesticide 1991] Biochemistry and Physiology 20:217–224. Collopy, M.W., and J.R. Koplin. 1983. Diet, Coleman, J.L., N.B. Ford and K. Herriman. capture success, and mode of hunting by 2008. A road survey of amphibians and female American kestrels in winter. Condor reptiles in a bottomland hardwood forest. 85:369–371. Southeastern Naturalist 7:339–348. Coman, D.R. 1972. The native mammals, Collier, A., J.B. Keiper, and L.P. Orr. 1998. reptiles and amphibians of Mount Desert The invertebrate prey of the northern leopard Island, Maine. Privately published, Bar frog, Rana pipiens, in a northeastern Ohio Harbor, Maine. population. Ohio Journal of Science 98:39– Combs, A., G. Hess, C. Chapman, A. Stovall, 41. Z. Burns, S. Matthews, and J.D. Goins. 2005. 63

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Rana catesbeiana (American Bullfrog). Diet. Conaway, C.H., and D.E. Metter. 1967. Skin Herpetological Revview 36:439. glands associated with breeding in Microhyla Conant, R. 1940. Rana virgatipes in Delaware. carolinensis. Copeia 1967:672–673. Herpetologica 1:176–177. Conger, P. 1922. Distribution of batrachians in Conant, R. 1945. An annotated check list of the Wisconsin. Master’s thesis, University of amphibians and reptiles of the Del–Mar–Va Wisconsin, Madison. Peninsula. Society of Natural History of Conlon, J.M. 2004. The therapeutic potential of Delaware, pp. 1–8. antimicrobial peptides from frog skin. Conant, R. 1947. The in Reviews in Medical Microbiology 15:17–25. Maryland. Maryland, A Journal of Natural Conlon, J.M., T. Halverson, J. Dulka, J.E. History 17:72–73. Platz, and F.C. Knoop. 1999. Peptides with Conant, R. 1957. Reptiles and amphibians of antimicrobial activity of the brevinin–1 the northeastern states. Zoological Society of family isolated from the skin secretions of the Philadephia, 3rd edition. [2nd edition, 1952] southern leopard frog, Rana sphenocephala. Conant, R. 1962. Notes on the distribution of Journal of Peptide Research 54:522–527. reptiles and amphibians in the Pine Barrens Conlon, J.M., A. Sonnevend, C. Davidson, of southern New Jersey. New Jersey D.D. Smith, and P.F. Nielsen. 2004a. The Nature Notes (New Jersey Audubon Society) ascaphins: a family of antimicrobial 17:16–21. peptides from the skin secretions of the most Conant, R. 1977 [1978]. Semiaquatic reptiles primitive extant frog, Ascaphus truei. and amphibians of the Chihuahuan Desert Biochemical and Biophysical Research and their relationships to drainage patterns of Communications 320:170– 175. the region. Pp. 455–491 In R.H. Wauer and Conlon, J.M., J. Kolodziejek, and N. Nowotny. D.H. Riskind (eds.), Transactions of the 2004b. Antimicrobial peptides from ranid Symposium on the Biological Resources of frogs: taxonomic and phylogenetic markers the Chihuahuan Desert Region, United and a potential source of new therapeutic States and Mexico. U.S. National Park agents. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Service Transactions and Proceedings Series 1696:1–14. No. 3. Conlon, J.M., A. Sonnevend, A. Davidson, A. Conant, R. 1979. A zoogeographical review of Demandt, and T. Jouenne. 2005a. Host– the amphibians and reptiles of southern defense peptides isolated from the skin New Jersey, with emphasis on the Pine secretions of the northern red–legged frog Barrens. Pp. 467–488 In R.T.T. Forman Rana aurora aurora. Developmental and (ed.), Pine Barrens: Ecosystem and Comparative Immunology 29:83–90. Landscape. Academic Press, New York. Conlon, J.M., T. Jouenne, P. Cosette, D. Conant, R., and J.T. Collins. 1998. A Field Cosquer, H. Vaudry, C.K. Taylor, and P.W. Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians. Abel. 2005b. Bradykinin–related peptides Eastern and Central North America. 3rd exp. and tryptophyllins in the skin secretions of ed. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, the most primitive extant frog, Ascaphus Massachusetts [first edition, 1958; second truei. General and Comparative edition, 1991] Endocrinology 143:193–199. Conant, R., J.C. Mitchell, and C.A. Pague. Conlon, J.M., B. Abraham, A. Sonnevend, T. 1990. Herpetofauna of the Virginia barrier Jouenne, P. Cosette, J. Leprince, H. Vaudry, islands. Virginia Journal of Science 41:364– and C.A. Bevier. 2005c. Purification and 380. characterization of antimicrobial peptides 64

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from the skin secretions of the carpenter frog Host defense peptides in skin secretions of Rana virgatipes (Ranidae, Aquarana). the Oregon spotted frog Rana pretiosa: Regulatory Peptides 131:38–45. implications for species resistance to Conlon, J.M., N. Al–Ghafari, L. Coquet, J. chytridiomycosis. Developmental and Leprince, T. Jouenne, H. Vaudry, and C. Comparative Immunology 35:644–649. Davidson. 2006.Evidence from peptidomic Connell, J. 2006. Mercury concentrations in the analysis of skin secretions that the red– muscles of the North American bullfrogs legged frogs, Rana aurora draytonii and (Rana catesbeiana). Ph.D. dissertation, Rana aurora aurora, are distinct species. University of Nevada–Las Vegas. Peptides 27:1305–1312. Connolly, J.C., B.L. Kress, G.R. Smith, J.E. Conlon, J.M., L. Coquet, J. Leprince, T. Rettig. 2011. Possible behavioral avoidance Jouenne, H. Vaudry, J. Kolodziejek, N. of UV–B radiation and sunlight in wood frog Nowotny, C.R. Bevier, and P.E. Moler. (Lithobates sylvaticus) tadpoles. Current 2007a. Peptidomic analysis of skin secretions Herpetology 30:1–5. from Rana heckscheri and Rana okaloosae Constible, J.M., P.T. Gregory, and B.R. provides insight into phylogenetic Anholt. 2001. Patterns of distribution, relationships among frogs of the Aquarana relative abundance, and microhabitat use of species group. Regulatory Peptides 138:87– anurans in a boreal landscape influenced by 93. fire and timber harvest. Ecoscience Conlon, J.M., C.R. Bevier, L. Coquet, J. 8:462–470. Leprince, T. Jouenne, H. Vaudry, and B.R. Constible, J.M., P.T. Gregory, and K.W. Hossack. 2007b. Peptidomic analysis of skin Larsen. 2010. The pitfalls of extrapolation in secretions supports separate species status for conservation: movements and habitat use of a the tailed frogs, Ascaphus truei and threatened toad are different in the boreal Ascaphus montanus. Comparative forest. Animal Conservation 13:43–52. Biochemistry and Physiology 2D:121–125. Converse, K.A., J. Mattsson, and L. Eaton– Conlon, J.M., E. Ahmed, L. Coquet, T. Poole. 2000. Field surveys of Midwestern Jouenne, J. Leprince, H. Vaudry, and J.D. and Northeastern Fish and Wildlife Service King. 2009. Peptides with potent cytolytic lands for the presence of abnormal frogs and activity from the skin secretions of the North toads. Journal of the Iowa Academy of American leopard frogs, Lithobates blairi Science 107:160–167. and Lithobates yavapaiensis. Toxicon Cook, D. 1997a. Biology of the California red– 53:699–705. legged frog: a synopsis. Transactions of the Conlon, J.M., L. Coquet, J. Leprince, T. Western Section of the Wildlife Society Jouenne, H. Vaudry, and J.D. King. 2010. 33:79–82. Primary structures of skin antimicrobial Cook, D. 1997b. Microhabitat use and peptides indicate a close, but not conspecific, reproductive success of the California red– phylogenetic relationship between the legged frog (Rana aurora draytonii) and leopard frogs Lithobates onca and Lithobates bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) in an ephemeral yavapaiensis (Ranidae). Comparative marsh. M.A. thesis, Sonoma State University, Physiology and Biochemistry 151C:313–317. Sonoma, California. Conlon, J.M., M. Mechkarska, E. Ahmed, L. Cook, D. 2002. Rana aurora draytonii Coquet, T. Jouenne, J. Leprince, H. Vaudry, (California Red–legged Frog). Predation. M.P. Hayes, and G. Padgett–Flohr. 2011. Herpetological Review 33:303. 65

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Cook, D., and M.R. Jennings. 2001. Rana herpetofauna of Prince Edward Island. aurora draytonii (California Red–legged National Museum of Canada Bulletin 212. Frog). Predation. Herpetological Review Cook, F.R. 1977. Records of the boreal toad 32:182–183. from the Yukon and northern British Cook, D.G., and M.R. Jennings. 2007. Columbia. Canadian Field–Naturalist Microhabitat use of the California red–legged 91:185–186. frog and introduced bullfrog in an ephemeral Cook, F.R. 1978. Amphibians and reptiles of marsh. Herpetologica 63:430–440. Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Museum of Cook, D.G., S. White, P. White and E. White. Natural History, popular series, No. 13. 2012. Rana boylii (Foothill Yellow–legged Cook, F.R. 1983. An analysis of toads of the Frog). Upland movement. Herpetological Bufo americanus group in a contact zone in Review 43:325–326. central northern North America. National Cook, F.R. 1960. New localities for the Plains Museums of Canada, Publications in Natural spadefoot toad, tiger salamander and the Sciences 3:i–89. Great Plains toad in the Canadian . Cook, F.R., and D.R.M. Hatch. 1964. A Copeia 1960:363–364. spadefoot toad from Manitoba. Canadian Cook, F.R. 1963. The rediscovery of the mink Field–Naturalist 78:60–61. frog in Manitoba. Canadian Field–Naturalist Cook, F.R., and J.C. Cook. 1981. Attempted 77:129–130. avian predation by a Canadian toad, Bufo Cook, F.R. 1964a. Additional records and a americanus hemiophrys. Canadian Field– correction of the type locality for the boreal Naturalist 95:346–347. chorus frog in northwestern Ontario. Cook, J.C. 2008. Transmission and occurrence Canadian Field–Naturalist 78:186–192. of Dermomycoides sp. in Rana sevosa and Cook, F.R. 1964b. The rusty colour phase of other ranids in the north central Gulf of the Canadian toad, Bufo hemiophrys. Mexico states. M.S. thesis, University of Canadian Field–Naturalist 78:263–267. Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg. Cook, F. R. 1964c. A northern range extension Cook, R.P. 1989. And the voice of the grey tree for Bufo americanus with notes on B. frog was heard again in the land. Park americanus and Rana sylvatica. Canadian Science 9(3):6–7. Field–Naturalist 78:65–66. Cook, R.P. 2008. Potential and limitations of Cook, F. R. 1964d. A range extension for the herpetofaunal restoration in an urban wood frog in northeastern Saskatchewan. landscape. Pp. 465–478 In J.C. Mitchell, R.E. Canadian Field–Naturalist. 78:268–269. Jung Brown, and B. Bartholomew (eds.), Cook, F. R. 1964e. The status of records of the Urban Herpetology. Herpetological western spotted frog, Rana pretiosa, in Conservation 3, Society for the Study of Saskatchewan. Copeia 1964: 219. Amphibians and Reptiles, Salt Lake City, Cook, F.R. 1965. Additions to the known range Utah. of some amphibians and reptiles in Cook, R.P., T.A. Tupper, P.W.C. Paton, and Saskatchewan. Canadian Field–Naturalist B.C. Timm. 2011. Effects of temperature and 79:112–120. temporal factors on anuran detection Cook, F.R. 1966. A guide to the amphibians probabilities at Cape Cod National Seashore, and reptiles of Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Massachusetts, USA: implications for long– Museum of Natural History Popular Series term monitoring. Herpetological 13:1–40. Conservation and Biology 6:25–39. Cook, F.R. 1967. An analysis of the Cooper, J.E. 1953. Notes on the amphibians 66

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and reptiles of southern Maryland. Maryland Sciences of Philadelphia, series 2, 6:67–112. Naturalist 23:90–100. *** Cope, E.D. 1866 (1867). On the reptilia Cooper, J.E. 1958. Some albino reptiles and and Batrachia of the Sonoran Province of the polydactylous frogs. Herpetologica 14:54–56. Nearctic Region. Proceedings of the Cooper, J.E. 1970. Hyla femoralis in Maryland, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia revisited. Bulletin of the Maryland 18:300–314. Herpetological Society 6:14–15. Cope, E.D. 1871. Catalogue of Reptilia and Cooper, J.E., S.S. Robinson, and J.B. Batrachia obtained by C.J. Maynard in Funderburg (eds.). 1977. Endangered and Florida. Second and Third Annual Report of Threatened Plants and Animals of North the Trustees, Peabody Academy of Science Carolina. North Carolina State Museum of for 1869–1870:82–85. Natural History, Raleigh. Cope, E.D. 1875. Rana onca, Cope, sp. nov. Cooper, J.G. 1860. Report upon the reptiles Pp. 528–529 and Plate 15 In H.C. Yarrow, collected on the survey. Pp. 292–306 + plates Report upon the collections of batrachians XII–XXI In Explorations and Surveys for a and reptiles made in portions of Nevada, Railroad Route from the Mississippi River to Utah, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and the Pacific Ocean. Route near the Forty– Arizona during 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. seventh and Forty–ninth Parallels, Explored Ch. 4, pp. 509–584 In Report Upon by I.I. Stevens, Governor of Washington Geographical and Geological Surveys West Territory, in 1853–’55. No. 4. War of the One Hundredth Meridian in Charge Department, U.S. Government Printing of First Lieut. Geo. M. Wheeler. Vol. 5. Office, Washington, D.C. Zoology. U.S. Government Printing Office, Cooper, J.G. 1869. The naturalist in California. Washington, D.C. American Naturalist 3:470–481. Cope, E.D. 1877a. On some new and little Cooper, W.E., Jr. 2011. Escape strategy and known reptiles and fishes from the vocalization during escape by American Austroriparian Region. Proceedings of the bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus). American Philosophical Society 17:63–68. Amphibia–Reptilia 32:213–221. Cope, E.D. 1877b (1878). A new genus of Cope, E.D. 1862. On some new and little Cystignathidae from Texas. American known American Anura. Proceedings of the Naturalist 12:253. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Cope, E.D. 1879a. A contribution to the 14:151–159. herpetology of Montana. American Naturalist Cope, E.D. 1863. On Trachycephalus, 13:432–441. Scaphiopus and other American Batrachia. Cope, E.D. 1879b. Eleventh contribution to the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural herpetology of tropical America. Proceedings Sciences of Philadelphia 15:43–54. of the American Philosophical Society Cope, E.D. 1864. On a collection of reptiles 18:261–277. from Owen’s Valley, California, made by Dr. Cope, E.D. 1880. On the zoological position of G.H. Horn, with remarks on the origin of Texas. Bulletin of the United States National species. Proceedings of the Academy of Museum 17:1–51. Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19:85–86. Cope, E.D. 1883. Notes on the geographic Cope, E.D. 1866. On the structures and distribution of Batrachia and Reptilia in distribution of the genera of the arciferous western North America. Proceedings of the anura. Journal of the Academy of Natural Academy of Natural Sciences of 67

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Philadelphia 35:10–35. Corkran, C.C., and C. Thoms. 2006. Cope, E.D. 1886. Synonymic list of the North Amphibians of Oregon, Washington and American species of Bufo and Rana, with British Columbia. 2nd ed. Lone Pine descriptions of some Batrachia, from Publishing, Edmonton, Alberta. specimens in the National Museum. Corn, P.S. 1980a. Polymorphic reproductive Proceedings of the American Philosophical behavior in male chorus frogs (Pseudacris Society 23:514–526. triseriata). Journal of the Colorado– Cope, E.D. 1888a. On a new species of Bufo Wyoming Academy of Sciences 12:6–7. from Texas. Proceedings of the United States Corn, P.S. 1980b. Comment on the occurrence National Museum 11:317–318. of Pseudacris clarki in Montana. Bulletin of Cope, E.D. 1888b. Catalogue of the Batrachia the Chicago Herpetological Society 15:77– and Reptilia bought by William Taylor from 78. San Diego, Texas. Proceedings of the Corn, P.S. 1981. Field evidence for a United States National Museum 11:395–398. relationship between color and Cope, E.D. 1889. The Batrachia of North developmental rate in the northern leopard America. Bulletin of the United States frog (Rana pipiens). Herpetologica 37:155– National Museum 34:1–525. 160. Cope, E.D. 1890. Dr. Leonhard Stejneger on Corn, P.S. 1986. Genetic and developmental Bufo lentiginosus woodhousei. American studies of albino chorus frogs. Journal of Naturalist 24:1204–1205. Heredity 77:164–168. Cope, E.D. 1891. A new species of frog from Corn, P.S. 1993. Bufo boreas (Boreal Toad). New Jersey. American Naturalist 25:1017– Predation. Herpetological Review 24:57. 1019. Corn, P.S. 1994. What we know and don’t Cope, E.D. 1892. The Batrachia and Reptilia of know about amphibian declines in the West. northwestern Texas. Proceedings of the Pp. 59–67 In W.W. Covington and L.F. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia DeBano (eds.), Sustainable Ecological 44:331–337. Systems: Implementing and Ecological Cope, E.D. 1893a. A contribution to the Approach to Land Management. USDA herpetology of British Columbia. Forest Service, General Technical Report Proceedings of the Academy of Natural RM–247, Ft. Collins, Colorado. Sciences of Philadelphia 46:181–184. Corn, P.S. 1998. Effects of ultraviolet radiation Cope, E.D. 1893b. On a collection of Batrachia on boreal toads in Colorado. Ecological and Reptilia from southwest Missouri. Applications 8:18–26. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Corn, P.S. 2000. Amphibian declines: review Sciences of Philadelphia 45:383–385. of some current hypotheses. Pp. 663–696 In Cope, E.D. 1893c. On the Batrachia and D.W. Sparling, G. Linder, and C.A. Bishop Reptilia of the Plains at Latitude 36°30’. (eds.), Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Reptiles. SETAC Press, Pensacola, Sciences of Philadelphia 45:386–387. Florida. Cope, E.D. 1893d. On a new spade–foot from Corn, P.S. 2003. Endangered toads in the Texas. American Naturalist 27:155–156. Rockies. Pp. 43–51 In L. Taylor, K. Martin, Corcoran, M.F., and J.R. Travis. 1980. A D. Hik, and A. Ryall (eds.), Ecological and comparison of the karyotypes of the frogs Earth Sciences in Mountain Areas. The Banff Rana areolata, Rana sphenocephala, and Center, Banff, Alberta. Rana pipiens. Herpetologica 36:296–300. Corn, P.S. 2005. Climate change and 68

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Association of Miramichi 1:9–19. 1959:215–222. Cragin, F.W. 1881. A preliminary catalogue of Creusere, F.M., and W.G. Whitford. 1976. Kansas reptiles and batrachians. Transactions Ecological relationships in a desert anuran of the Kansas Academy of Science 7:112– community. Herpetologica 32:7–18. 120. Crisafulli, C.M., L.S. Trippe, C.P. Hawkins, Crawford, J.A., D.B. Shepard, and C.A. and J.A. MacMahon. 2005. Amphibian Conner. 2009. Diet composition and overlap responses to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. between recently metamorphosed Rana Helens. Pp. 183–197 In V.H. Dale, F.J. areolata and Rana sphenocephala: Swanson, and C.M. Crisafulli (eds.), implications for a frog of conservation Ecological Responses to the 1980 Eruption of concern. Copeia 2009:642–646. Mount St. Helens. Springer, New York. Crawshaw, G.J. 1997. Diseases in Canadian Crockett, M.E. 2001. Survey and comparison amphibian populations. SSAR Herpetological of amphibian assemblages in two Conservation 1:258–270. physiographic regions of northeast Crawshaw, L.I., R.N. Rausch, L.P. Wollmuth, Tennessee. M.S. thesis, East Tennessee State and E.J. Bauer. 1992. Seasonal rhythms of University, Johnson City, Tennessee. development and temperature selection in Croes, S.A., and R.E. Thomas. 2000. Freeze larval bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana Shaw. tolerance and cryoprotectant synthesis of the Physiological Zoology 65:346–359. Pacific tree frog Hyla regilla. Copeia Crayon, J.J. 1998. Rana catesbeiana 2000:863–868. (Bullfrog). Diet. Herpetological Review Cromer, R.B., J.D. Lanham, and H.H. Hanlin. 29:232. 2002. Herpetofaunal response to gap and Crayon, J.J., and R.L. Hothem. 1998. Xenopus skidder–rut wetland creation in a southern laevis (African Clawed Frog). Predation. bottomland hardwood forest. Forest Science Herpetological Review 29:165–166. 48:407–413. Creel, G.C. 1963. as a food item of Rana Cronin, J.T., and J. Travis. 1986. Size–limited pipiens. Texas Journal of Science 15:104– predation on larval Rana areolata (Anura: 106. Ranidae) by two species of backswimmer Creel, T.L., G.W. Foster, D.J. Forrester, D. (Insecta: Notonectidae). Herpetologica Sabrina–Osorio, L. Garcia–Prieto, J.M. 42:171–174. Martinez–Cruz, S.P. Diaz–Camacho, and K. Crosby, C.R., and S.C. Bishop. 1925. A new Noda. 2000. Parasites of the green treefrog, genus and two new species of Hyla cinerea, from Orange Lake, Alachua collected by Bufo quercicus. Florida County, Florida, U.S.A. Comparative Entomologist 9:33–36. Parasitology 67:255–258. Crosby, M.K., L.E. Licht and J.Z. Fu. 2009. Crenshaw, J.W., Jr. 1958. The role of The effect of on hybridization in the development of finescale population structure of wood frogs biological (species) reproductive barriers (Rana sylvatica). Conservation Genetics with special reference to the Amphibia and 10:1707–1718. Reptilia. Yearbook of the American Croshaw, D.A. 2005. Cryptic behavior is Philosophical Society 1958:250–252. independent of dorsal color polymorphism in Crenshaw, J.W., and W.F. Blair. 1959. juvenile northern leopard frogs (Rana Relationships in the Pseudacris nigrita pipiens). Journal of Herpetology 39:125–129. complex in southwestern Georgia. Copeia Cross, C.L., and S.L. Gerstenberger. 2002. 71

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Rana catesbeiana (American Bullfrog). Diet. populations. Wildlife Society Bulletin Herpetological Review 33:129–130. 28:895–901. Cross, K., and J.M. Hranitz. 1999. Bufo Crouch, W.B. III, and P.W.C. Paton. 2002. americanus (American Toad). Endoparasite. Assessing the use of call surveys to monitor Herpetological Review 31:39. breeding anurans in Rhode Island. Crossland, M.R., G.P. Brown, M. Anstis, C. Journal of Herpetology 36:185–192. Shilton, and R. Shine. 2008. Mass mortality Crump, D., M. Berrill, D. Coulson, D. Lean, L. of native anuran tadpoles in tropical McGillivray, and A. Smith. 1999. Sensitivity Australia due to the invasive cane toad (Bufo of amphibian embryos, tadpoles, and marinus). Biological Conservation larvae to enhanced UV–β radiation in natural 141:2387–2394. pond conditions. Canadian Journal of Crosswhite, E., and M. Wyman. 1920. [No Zoology 77:1956–1966. title: figure and notes on an abnormal toad, Crump, M.L. 1981a. Energy accumulation and presumably A. boreas]. Pomona College amphibian metamorphosis. Oecologia Journal of Entomology and Zoology 12:78. 49:167–169. Croteau, M.C. 2009. Chronic exposure to UV– Crump, M.L. 1981b. Intraclutch egg size B radiation and 4–tert–octylphenol disrupt variability in Hyla crucifer (Anura: Hylidae). metamorphosis and the thyroid system of Copeia 1981:302–308. northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) Crump, M.L. 1986. Cannibalism by younger tadpoles. Ph.D. dissertation, University of tadpoles: another hazard of metamorphosis. Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario. Copeia 1986:1007–1009. Croteau, M.C., N. Hogan, J.C. Gibson, D. Cuellar, H.S. 1968. Genetic compatibility of Lean, and V.L. Trudeau. 2008a. Rana areolata with southwestern members of Toxicological threats to amphibians and the Rana pipiens complex: (Anura: Ranidae). reptiles in urban environments. Pp. 197–209 M.S. thesis, Texas Tech University, In J.C. Mitchell, R.E. Jung Brown, and B. Lubbock. Bartholomew (eds.), Urban Herpetology. Cuellar, H.S. 1971. Levels of genetic Herpetological Conservation 3. Society for compatibility of Rana areolata with the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Salt southwestern members of the Rana Lake City, Utah. pipiens complex (Anura: Ranidae). Evolution Croteau, M.C., M.A. Davidson, D.R.S. Lean, 25:399–409. and V.L. Trudeau. 2008b. Global increases in Cuellar, O. 1994. Ecological observations on ultraviolet B radiation: potential impacts on Rana pretiosa in western Utah. Alytes amphibian development and metamorphosis. 12:109–121. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology Culley, D.D., Jr. 1973. Use of bullfrogs in 81:743–761. biological research. American Zoologist Crother, B.I. (Committee Chair). 2012. 13:85–90. Scientific and Standard English Names of Culp, C.E., J.O. Falkinham III, and L.K. Amphibians and Reptiles on North America Belden. 2007. Identification of the natural North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding bacterial microflora on the skin of eastern Confidence in Our Understanding. 7th ed. newts, bullfrog tadpoles and redback Society for the Study of Amphibians and salamanders. Herpetologica 63:66–71. Reptiles, Herpetological Circular No. 39. Cummins, H. 1920. The role of voice and Crouch, W.B., and P.W.C. Paton. 2000. Using coloration in spring migration and sex egg–mass counts to monitor wood frog recognition in frogs. Journal of Experimental 72

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Zoology 30:325–343. metamorphosis. Ph.D. dissertation, Clemson Cunjak, R.A. 1986. Winter habitat of northern University, Clemson, South Carolina. leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, in a southern Cupp, P.V., Jr. 1980. Thermal tolerance of five Ontario stream. Canadian Journal of Zoology salientian amphibians during development 64:255–257. and metamorphosis. Herpetologica 36:234– Cunningham, J. 2003. Pond–breeding 244. amphibian species distributions in a – Currie, W., and E.D. Bellis. 1969. Home range modified landscape, Acadia National Park, and movements of the bullfrog, Rana Mount Desert Island, Maine. M.S. thesis, catesbeiana Shaw, in an Ontario pond. University of Maine, Orono. Copeia 1969:688–692. Cunningham, J., A.J.K. Calhoun, and W.E. Curry, T.R., and M.P. Hayes. 2009. Rana Glanz. 2007. Pond–breeding amphibian aurora (Northern Red–legged Frog). Egg species richness and breeding habitat mass disturbance. Herpetological Review selection in a beaver–modified landscape. 40:208–209. Journal of Wildlife Management 71:2517– Cushman, S.A. 2006. Effects of habitat loss 2526. and fragmentation on amphibians: a review Cunningham, J.D. 1955a. A case of and prospectus. Biological Conservation cannibalism in the toad Bufo boreas. 128:231–240. Herpetologica 10:166. Cutler, W.H., II. 1989. Rana sylvatica (Wood Cunningham, J.D. 1955b. Observations on the Frog). Attempted predation. Herpetological ecology of the canyon treefrog, Hyla Review 20:69. californiae. Herpetologica 20:55–61. Daigle, C. 1997. Distribution and abundance of Cunningham, J.D. 1955c. Observations on the the chorus frog Pseudacris triseriata in natural history of the California toad, Bufo Québec. SSAR Herpetological Conservation californicus Camp. Herpetologica 17:255– 1:73–77. 260. Dailey, M.D., and S.R. Goldberg. 2000. Cunningham, J.D. 1955d. Notes on abnormal Langeronia burseyi sp. n. (Trematoda: Rana aurora draytoni. Herpetologica 11:149. Lecithodendriidae) from the California Cunningham, J.D. 1959. Reproduction and treefrog, Hyla cadaverina (Anura: Hylidae), food of some California snakes. with revision of the genus Langeronia Herpetologica 15:17–19. Caballero and Bravo–Hollis, 1949. Cunningham, J.D. 1962. Observations on the Comparative Parasitology 67:165–168. natural history of the California toad, Bufo Dale, J.M., B. Freedman, and J. Kerekes. californicus Camp. Herpetologica 17:255– 1985a. Acidity and associated water 260. chemistry of amphibian habitats in Nova Cunningham, J.D. 1963. Additional Scotia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63:97– observations on the ecology of the Yosemite 105. toad, Bufo canorus. Herpetologica 19:56– Dale, J.M., B. Freedman, and J. Kerekes. 61. 1985b. Experimental studies of the effects of Cunningham, J.D., and D.P. Mullally. 1956. acidity and associated water chemistry on Thermal factors in the ecology of the Pacific amphibians. Proceedings of the Nova Scotian treefrog. Herpetologica 12:68–79. Institute of Science 35:35–54. Cupp, P.V., Jr. 1974. Thermal tolerances and Daly, E.W., and P.T.J. Johnson. 2011. Beyond acclimation during anuran development and immunity: quantifying the effects of host 73

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anti– parasite behavior on parasite Faggioni, J.W. Gibbons, and D. Porter. 2005. transmission. Oecologia 165:1043–1050. Amphibian population declines at Savannah Damm, S.H. 2003. Effects of aluminum, River Site are linked to climate, not copper, and lead on the development and chytridiomycosis. Ecology 86:3232–3237. survival of gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor) Datta, S., L. Hansen, L. McConnell, J. Baker, J. larvae. M.S. thesis, University of Akron, LeNoir, and J.N. Selber. 1998. Pesticides and Akron, Ohio. PCB contaminants in fish and tadpoles from Daniel, R., and B. Edmond. 2006. Atlas of the Kaweah River Basin, California. Bulletin Missouri amphibians and reptiles for 2005. of Environmental Contamination and http://atlas.moherp.org/pubs/atlas05.pdf. Toxicology 60:829–836. D'Aoust–Messier, A.–M. 2012. Colonizing Daudin, F.M. 1802. Histoire Naturelle des northern landscapes: population genetics and Rainettes, des Grenouilles, et des Crapauds. phylogeography of Wood Frogs (Lithobates Bertrandet, Libraire Levrault, Paris. sylvaticus) in the James Bay area. M.S. Daughterty, C.H. 1979. Population ecology and thesis, Laurentian University, Sudbury, genetics of Ascaphus truei: an examination of Ontario. gene flow and natural selection. Ph.D. Dapson, R.W., and L. Kaplan. 1975. Biological dissertation, University of Montana, half–life and distribution of radiocesium in a Missoula. contaminated population of green treefrogs Daugherty, C.H., and A.L. Sheldon. 1982a. Hyla cinerea. Oikos 26:39–42. Age–determination, growth, and life history Dare, O.K., and M.R. Forbes. 2009. Patterns of of a Montana population of the tailed frog trematode and lungworm (Ascaphus truei). Herpetologica 38:461–468. infections in northern leopard frogs and wood Daugherty, C.H., and A.L. Sheldon. 1982b. frogs from Ontario, Canada. Journal of Age–specific movement patterns of the frog 83:339–343. Ascaphus truei. Herpetologica 38:468–474. Da Silva, E.T., E. P. dos Reis, P.S. Santos, and Davidson, C. 2004. Declining downwind: R.N. Feio. 2010. Lithobates catesbeianus amphibian population declines in California (American Bullfrog). Diet. Herpetological and historic pesticide use. Ecological Review 41:475–476. Applications 14:1892–1902. Da Silva, H.R. 1997. Two character states new Davidson, C. 2010. Rana draytonii (California for hylines and the taxonomy of the genus red–legged frog). Prey. Herpetological Pseudacris. Journal of Herpetology 31:609– Review 41:66. 613. Davidson, C., and R.A. Knapp. 2007. Multiple Daszak, P., A.A. Cunningham, and A.D. Hyatt. stressors and amphibian declines: dual 2003. Infectious disease and amphibian impacts of pesticides and fish on yellow– population declines. Diversity and legged frogs. Ecological Applications Distributions 9:141–150. 17:587–597. Daszak, P., A. Strieby, A.A. Cunningham, J.E. Davidson, C., H.B. Shaffer, and M.R. Jennings. Longcore, C. Brown, and D. Porter. 2004. 2001. Declines of the California red–legged Experimental evidence that the bullfrog frog: climate, UV–B, habitat, and pesticides (Rana catesbeiana) is a potential carrier of hypotheses. Ecological Applications 11:464– chytridiomycosis, an emerging fungal disease 479. of amphibians. Herpetological Journal Davidson, C., H.B. Shaffer, and M.R. Jennings. 14:201–207. 2002. Spatial tests of the pesticide drift, Daszak, P., D.E. Scott, A.M. Kilpatrick, C. , UV–B, and 74

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climate–change hypotheses for California Davis, D.D. 1933. Unusual behavior in a amphibian declines. Conservation Biology leopard frog. Copeia 1933:223–224. 16:1588–1601. Davis, J.G., and S.A. Menze. 2000. Ohio Frog Davidson, C., M.F. Bernard, H.B. Shaffer, J.M. and Toad Atlas. Ohio Biological Survey Parker, C. O’Leary, J.M. Conlon, and L.A. Miscellaneous Contribution No. 6. Rollins–Smith. 2007. Effects of chytrid and Davis, J.G., and S.A. Menze. 2002. In Ohio’s carbaryl exposure on survival, growth and Backyard: Frogs and Toads. Ohio Biological skin peptide defenses in foothill yellow– Survey, Backyard Series No. 3. legged frogs. Environmental Science and Davis, J.G., P.J. Krusling, and J.W. Ferner. Technology 41:1771–1776. 1998. Status of amphibian populations in Davidson, C., K. Stanley, and S.M. Simonich. Hamilton County, Ohio. Pp. 155–165 In M.J. 2012. Contaminant residues and declines of Lannoo (ed.), Status & Distribution of the Cascades frog (Rana cascadae) in the Midwestern Amphibians. University of Iowa California Cascades, USA. Environmental Press, Iowa City. Toxicology and Chemistry 31:1895–1902. Davis, J.R., D.T. Eastlake, A.J. Kouba, and Davidson, S.A., and D.L. Chambers. 2011a. C.K. Vance. 2012. Batrachochytrium Occurrence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis detected in Fowler’s toad dendrobatidis in amphibians of Wise County, (Anaxyrus fowleri) populations in Memphis, Virginia, USA. Herpetological Review Tennessee. Herpetological Review 43:81–83. 42:214–215. Davis, L.C. 1973. The herpetofauna of Peccary Davidson, S.R.A., and D.L. Chambers. 2011b. Cave, Arkansas. M.S. thesis, University of Ranavirus prevalence in amphibian Arkansas, Fayetteville. populations of Wise County, Virginia. Davis, M.J., P. Kleinhenz, and M.D. Boone. Herpetological Review 42:540–542. 2011. Juvenile green frog (Rana clamitans) Davis, A.B., and P.A. Verrell. 2005. predatory ability not affected by exposure to Demography and reproductive ecology of the carbaryl at different times during larval Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) development. Environmental Toxicology and across the Palouse. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 30:1618–1620. Zoology 83:702–711. Davis, M.J., J.L. Purrenhage, and M.D. Boone. Davis, A.K., M.J. Yabsley, M.K. Keel, and J.C. 2012. Elucidating predator–prey interactions Maerz. 2007. Discovery of a novel using aquatic microcosms: complex effects of pathogen affecting southern leopard frogs in a predator, vegetation, and atrazine Georgia: description of the disease and host on tadpole survival and behavior. Journal of effects. EcoHealth 4:310–317. Herpetology 46:527–534. Davis, A.K., M.K. Keel, A. Ferreira, and J.C. Davis, M.S. 1980. Observations on the life Maerz. 2010. Effects of chytridiomycosis on history of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica circulating white blood cell distributions of LeConte, in Alabama. M.S. thesis, Auburn bullfrog larvae (Rana catesbeiana). University, Auburn, Alabama. Comparative Clinical Pathology 19:49–55. Davis, M.S., and G.W. Folkerts. 1980. A beetle Davis, B.J., and N. Hollenback. 1978. New (Eutheola rugiceps LeC.: ) records of the bird–voiced treefrog, Hyla penetrates the stomach wall of its predator avivoca (Hylidae), from Arkansas and (Rana sylvatica LeC.: Amphibia). Louisiana. Southwestern Naturalist 23:161– Coleopterists Bulletin 34:396. 162. Davis, M.S., and T.R. Jones. 1982. 75

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Reassessment of the distribution of three of four desert anurans. Oecologia 129:430– amphibians in Alabama. Journal of the 435. Alabama Academy of Science 53:10–16. Dayton, G.H., and S.D. Wapo. 2002. Davis, M.S., and G.W. Folkerts. 1986. Life Cannibalistic behavior in Scaphiopus history of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica couchii: more evidence for larval anuran LeConte (Amphibia: Ranidae), in Alabama. oophagy. Journal of Herpetology 36:531– Brimleyana 12:29–50. 532. Davis, S.L. 1958. Notes on the Amphibia in Dayton, G.H., and C.W. Painter. 2005. Bufo Acadia National Park, Maine. M.S. thesis, speciosus Girard, 1854. . Pp. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. 435–436 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian Davis, T.M., and P.T. Gregory. 2003. Decline Declines. The Conservation Status of United and local extinction of the western toad, Bufo States Species. University of California boreas, on southern Vancouver Island, Press, Berkeley. British Columbia, Canada. Herpetological Dayton, G.H., and L.A. Fitzgerald. 2006. Review 34:350–352. Habitat suitability models for desert Davis, W.T. 1884. The reptiles and batrachians amphibians. BiologicalConservation 132:40– of Staten Island. Proceedings of the Natural 49. Science Association of Staten Island, Extra Dayton, G.H., and L.A. Fitzgerald. 2011. The No. 1: 13. advantage of no defense: predation enhances Davis, W.T. 1904. Hyla andersonii and Rana cohort survival in a desert amphibian. virgatipes at Lakehurst, New Jersey. Aquatic Ecology 45:325–333. American Naturalist 38:893. Dayton, G.H., R.E. Jung,, and S. Droege. 2004. Davis, W.T. 1907. Additional observations on Large–scale habitat associations of four Hyla andersonii and Rana virgatipes in New desert anurans in Big Bend National Park, Jersey. American Naturalist 41:49–51. Texas. Journal of Herpetology 38:619–627. Davis, W.T. 1910. An addition to the list of Dayton, G.H., R. Skiles,, and L. Dayton. 2007. Staten Island frogs. Proceedings of the Staten Frogs & Toads of Big Bend National Park. Island Association of Arts and Sciences Texas A&M University Press, College 3(2):66–67. Station. Dawson, D.E., and M.E. Hostetler. 2007. Dean, R.A. 1966. High temperature tolerances Herpetofaunal use of edge and interior of anuran amphibians. M.S. thesis, habitats in urban forest remnants. Urban University of North Dakota, Grand Forks. Habitats 5:103–125. Dearolf, K. 1956. Survey of North American Dawson, J.T. 1982. Kin recognition and cave vertebrates. Proceedings of the schooling in the American toad (Bufo Pennsylvania Academy of Science 30:201– americanus). Ph.D. dissertation, State 210. University of New York, Albany. Deban, S.M., and K.C. Nishikawa. 1992. Dayton, G.H. 2000. Kinematics of prey capture and the (Narrow–mouthed Toad). Vocalization. mechanism of tongue protraction in the green Herpetological Review 31:40. tree frog Hyla cinerea. Journal of Dayton, G.H., and R.E. Jung. 1999. Experimental Biology 170:235–256. Scaphiopus couchii (Couch’s Spadefoot). DeBenedictis, P.A. 1970. Interspecific Predation. Herpetological Review 30:164. competition between tadpoles of Rana Dayton, G.H., and L.A. Fitzgerald. 2001. pipiens and Rana sylvatica: an experimental Competition, predation, and the distributions field study. Ph.D. dissertation, University of 76

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Michigan, Ann Arbor. Northeastern Naturalist 17:667–670. DeBenedictis, P.A. 1974. Interspecific DeGraaf, R.M., and D.D. Rudis. 1983. competition between larvae of Rana pipiens Amphibians and Reptiles of New England. and Rana sylvatica: an experimental field Habitats and Natural History. study. Ecological Monographs 44:129–151. University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst. Deckert, R.F. 1914a. List of salientia from DeGraaf, R.M., and D.D. Rudis. 1986. New Jacksonville, Fla. Copeia (3):3. England Wildlife: Habitat, Natural History, Deckert, R.F. 1914b. Further notes on the and Distribution. USDA Forest Service, salientia of Jacksonville, Fla. Copeia (5):2–4. General Technical Report NE–108, Deckert, R.F. 1914c. Further notes on the Broomall, Pennsylvania. salientia of Jacksonville, Fla. Copeia (9):1–3. DeGraaf, R.M., and D.D. Rudis. 1990. Deckert, R.F. 1915a. An albino pond frog. Herpetofaunal species composition and Copeia (24):53–54. relative abundance among three New Deckert, R.F. 1915b. Further notes on the England forest types. Forest Ecology and salientia of Jacksonville, Fla. Copeia (18):3– Management 32:155–165. 5. Deguise, I., and J.S. Richardson. 2009a. Deckert, R.F. 1915c. Concluding notes on the Prevalence of the chytrid fungus salientia of Jacksonville, Fla. Copeia (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in (20):21–24. western toads in southwestern British Deckert, R.F. 1921. Amphibian notes from Columbia, Canada. Northwestern Naturalist Dade Co., Florida. Copeia (92):20–23. 90:35–38. Deckert, R.F. 1922. Notes on Dade County Deguise, I., and J.S. Richardson. 2009b. salientia. Copeia (112):88. Movement behaviour of adult western toads DeFauw, S.L., and P.J. English. 1994. in a fragmented, forest landscape. Canadian Geographic distribution. Scaphiopus Journal of Zoology 87: 1184–1194. holbrookii holbrookii (Eastern Spadefoot). Deichman, J.L., W.E. Duellman, and G.B. Herpetological Review 25:162. Williamson. 2008. Predicting biomass from De Garady, C.J., and R.S. Halbrook. 2006. snout–vent length in New World frogs. Using anurans as bioindicators of PCB Journal of Herpetology 42:238–245. contaminated streams. Journal of Delis, P.R. 1993. Effects of urbanization on the Herpetology 40:127–130. community of anurans of a pine flatwood Degenhardt, W.G., C.W. Painter, and A.H. habitat in west central Florida. M.S. thesis, Price. 1996. Amphibians & Reptiles of New University of South Florida, Tampa. Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Delis, P.R. 2001. Hyla gratiosa and H. Albuquerque. femoralis (Anura: Hylidae) in west central Degner, J.F., D.M. Silva, T.D. Hether, J.M. Florida: a comparative study of rarity and Daza, and E.A. Hoffman. 2010. Fat frogs, commonness. Ph.D. dissertation, University mobile genes: unexpected phylogeographic of South Florida, Tampa. patterns for the ornate chorus frog Delis, P.R., and A.P. Summers. 1996. Hyla (Pseudacris ornata). Molecular Ecology gratiosa (Barking Treefrog). Reproduction. 19:2501–2515. Herpetological Review 27:18–19. DeGraaf, J.D., and D.G. Nein. 2010. Predation Delis, P.R., H.R. Mushinsky, and E.D. McCoy. of spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata) hatchling 1996. Decline of some west–central Florida by green frog (Rana clamitans). anuran populations in response to habitat 77

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degradation. Biodiversity and Conservation DeNoyelles, F., W.D. Kettle, C.H. Fromm, 5:1579–1595. M.F. Moffett, and S.L. Dewey. 1989. Use of Delis, P.R., C. Kindlin, and R.L. Stewart. 2010. experimental ponds to assess the effects of a The herpetofauna of Letterkenny Army pesticide on the aquatic environment. Pp. 41– Depot, south–central Pennsylvania: a starting 56 In J.R. Voshell (ed.), Using Mesocosms to point to the long–term monitoring and Assess the Aquatic Ecological Risk of management of amphibians and reptiles. Pesticides: Theory and Practice. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 34:11–16. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Delnicki, D., and E. Bolen. 1977. Use of Maryland. black–bellied tree duck nest sites by other Dentel, J.A., A. Reist, O. Hornacek, J. species. Southwestern Naturalist 22:275–277. McBride, C. White, T.D. Schwaner and J. Delvinquier, B.L.J., and S.S. Desser. 1996. Spurgat. 2011. Lithobates catesbeianus () in North (American Bullfrog). Predation. American amphibia: genus Herpetological Review 42:89. Purkinje and Valentin, 1835. Systematic Denton, R.D. 2011. Amphibian community Parasitology 33:33–51. similarity between natural ponds and Delzell, D.E. 1958. Spatial movement and constructed ponds of multiple types in Daniel growth of Hyla crucifer. Ph.D. dissertation, Boone National Forest, Kentucky. M.S. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. thesis, Eastern Kentucky University, Delzell, D.E. 1979. A provisional checklist of Richmond. amphibians and reptiles in the Dismal Denton, R.D., and S.C. Richter. 2012. A Swamp area, with comments on their range quantitative comparison of two common of distribution. Pp. 244–260 In P.W. Kirk, Jr. amphibian sampling techniques for wetlands. (ed.), The Great Dismal Swamp. University Herpetological Review 43:44–47. Press of Virginia, Charlottesville. Denver, R.J., N. Mirhadi, and M. Phillips. deMaynadier, P.G., and M.L. Hunter, Jr. 1998. 1998. Adaptive plasticity in amphibian Effects of silvicultural edges on the metamorphosis: response of Scaphiopus distribution and abundance of amphibians in hammondii tadpoles to habitat desiccation. Maine. Conservation Biology 12:340–352. Ecology 79:1859–1872. deMaynadier, P.G., and M.L. Hunter, Jr. 1999. Depkin, F.C., M.C. Coulter, and A.L. Bryan, Forest canopy closure and juvenile Jr. 1992. Food of nestling wood storks in east emigration by pool–breeding amphibians in central Georgia. Waterbirds 15:219–225. Maine. Journal of Wildlife Management Depoe, C.E., J.H. Funderberg, and T.L. Quay. 63:441–450. 1961. The reptiles and amphibians of North deMaynadier, P.G., and M.L. Hunter, Jr. 2000. Carolina: (A preliminary check list and Road effects on amphibian movements in a bibliography). Journal of the Elisha Mitchell forested landscape. Natural Areas Journal Scientific Society 17:125–139. 20:56–65. Dernehl, P.H. 1902. Place–modes of Acris Demlong, M.J. 1997. Head–starting Rana Gryllus for Madison, Wis. Bulletin of the subaquavocalis in captivity. Reptiles Wisconsin Natural History Society 2:75– Magazine (January):24–28, 30, 32–33. 83. Denman, N.S., and L. Denman. 1985. de Solla, S.R., C.A. Bishop, K.E. Pettit, and Geographic distribution. Bufo americanus J.E. Elliott. 2002a. Organochlorine pesticides copei (Hudson Bay Toad). Herpetological and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Review 16:114. eggs of red–legged frogs (Rana aurora) and 78

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northwestern salamanders (Ambystoma from Lake of Two Rivers, Algonquin Park, gracile) in an agricultural landscape. Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology Chemosphere 46:1027–1032. 64:2344–2347. de Solla, S.R., K.E. Pettit, C.A. Bishop, K.M. Desser, S., M.E. Siddall, and J.R. Barta. 1989. Cheng, and J.E. Elliott. 2002b. Effects of Ultrastructural observations of the agricultural runoff on native amphibians in developmental stages of Lankesterella the lower Fraser River valley, British minima (Apicomplexa) in experimentally Columbia, Canada. Environmental infected Rana catesbeiana tadpoles. Journal Toxicology and Chemistry 21:353–360. of Parasitology 76:97–103. de Solla, S.R., L.J. Shirose, K.J. Fernie, G.C. Desser, S., H. Hong, M.E. Siddall, and J.R. Barrett, C.S. Brousseau, and C.A. Bishop. Barta. 1993. An ultrastructural study of 2005. Effect of sampling effort and species Brugerolleia algonquinensis gen. nov., sp. detectability on volunteer based anuran nov. (Diplomonadina: Diplomonadida), a monitoring programs. Biological parasite in the blood of frogs Conservation 121:585–594. from Ontario, Canada. European Journal of Desroches, J.–F., and D. Rodrigue. 2004. Protistology 29:72–80. Amphibiens et Reptiles du Québec et des Dever, J.A. 2007. Fine scale genetic structure Maritimes. Éditions Michel Quintin, in the threatened foothill yellow–legged frog Waterloo, Québec. (Rana boylii). Journal of Herpetology Desroches, J.–F., and I. Picard. 2006. Rana 41:168–173. sylvatica (Wood Frog). Tadpole maximum Devito, J., and J. Markow. 1998. Amphibians size. Herpetological Review 37:449–450. and reptiles of the Connecticut College Dessauer, H.C., and E. Nevo. 1969. Arboretum. Connecticut College Arboretum Geographic variation of blood and liver Bulletin No. 36, 57 pp. proteins in cricket frogs. Biochemical DeVito, J., D.P. Chivers, J.M. Kiesecker, A. Genetics 3:171–188. Marco, E.L. Wildy, and A.R. Blaustein. Desser, S., and J.R. Barta. 1984a. An 1998. The effects of snake predation on intraerythrocytic virus and rickettsia of frogs metamorphosis of western toads, Bufo boreas from Algonquin Park, Ontario. Canadian (Amphibia, Bufonidae). Ethology 104:185– Journal of Zoology 62:1521–1524. 193. Desser, S., and J.R. Barta. 1984b. DeVito, J., D.P. Chivers, J.M. Kiesecker, L.K. Thrombocytozoons ranarum Tchacarof 1863, Belden, and A.R. Blaustein. 1999. Effects of a prokaryotic parasite in thrombocytes of the snake predation on aggregation and mink frog Rana septentrionalis in Ontario. metamorphosis of Pacific treefrog (Hyla Journal of Parasitology 70:454–456. regilla) larvae. Journal of Herpetology Desser, S., and S. Jones. 1985. Hexamita 33:504–507. intestinalis Dujardin in the blood of frogs de Vlaming, V.L., and R.B. Bury. 1970. from southern and central Ontario. Journal of Thermal selection in tadpoles of the tailed Parasitology 71:841. frog, Ascaphus truei. Journal of Herpetology Desser, S., J. Lom, and I. Dykova. 1986. 4:179–189. Developmental stages of Sphaerospora Dexter, R.W. 1973. Nomenclatural history and ohlmacheri (Whinery, 1893) n. comb. status of Fowler’s toad (Bufo fowleri). HISS– (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) in the renal tubules News Journal 1:154–157. of bullfrog tadpoles, Rana catesbeiana Diakow, C. 1977. Initiation and inhibition of 79

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the release croak of Rana pipiens. Physiology possible extirpation of Blanchard’s cricket & Behavior 19:607–610. frog, Acris crepitans blanchardi, in West Dial, N.A., and C.A. Bauer. 1984. Teratogenic Virginia. M.S. thesis, Marshall University, and lethal effects of paraquat on developing Huntington, West Virginia. frog embryos (Rana pipiens). Bulletin of Didiuk, A. 1997. Status of amphibians in Environmental Contamination and Saskatchewan. SSAR Herpetological Toxicology 33:592–597. Conservation 1:110–116. Dial, N.A., and C.A. Bauer Dial. 1987. Lethal Diekamp, B., and H.C. Gerhardt. 1995. effects of diquat and paraquat on developing Neurophysiological and behavioral studies of frog embryos and 15–day–old tadpoles, vocal communication in the gray treefrog, Rana pipiens. Bulletin of Environmental Hyla versicolor. Journal of Comparative Contamination and Toxicolgy 38:1006–1011. Physiology 177A:173–190. Diana, S.G., W.J. Resetarits, Jr., D.J. Schaeffer, Diener, R.A. 1965. The occurrence of tadpoles K. B. Beckmen, and V.R. Beasley. 2000. of the green treefrog, Hyla cinerea cinerea Effects of atrazine on amphibian growth, (Schneider), in Trinity Bay, Texas. British development, and survival in artificial Journal of Herpetology 3:198–199. aquatic communities. Environmental Dill, L.M. 1977. “Handedness” in the Pacific Toxicology and Chemistry 19:2961–2967. tree frog (Hyla regilla). Canadian Journal of Dibble, C.J., J.E. Kauffman, E.M. Zuzik, G.R. Zoology 55:1926–1929. Smith, and J.E. Rettig. 2009. Effects of Diller, L.V., and R.L. Wallace. 1999. potential predator and competitor cues and Distribution and habitat of Ascaphus truei in sibship on wood frog (Rana sylvatica) streams on managed, young growth forests embryos. Amphibia–Reptilia 30:294–298. in north coastal California. Journal of Di Berardino, M.A. 1962. The karyotype of Herpetology 33:71– 79. Rana pipiens and investigation of its stability DiMauro, D., and M.L. Hunter, Jr. 2002. during embryonic differentiation. Reproduction of amphibians in natural and Developmental Biology 5:101–126. anthropogenic temporary pools in managed Di Candia, M.R., and E.J. Routman. 2007. forests. Forest Science 48:397–406. Cytonuclear discordance across a leopard Dimmitt, M.A., and R. Ruibal. 1980a. frog contact zone. Molecular Phylogenetics Exploitation of food resources by spadefoot and Evolution 45:564–575. toads (Scaphiopus). Copeia 1980:854–862. Dickerson, M.C. 1906. The Frog Book. North Dimmitt, M.A., and R. Ruibal. 1980b. American Toads and Frogs with a Study of Environmental correlates of emergence in the Habits and Life Histories of those of the spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus). Journal of Northeastern States. Doubleday, Page & Co., Herpetology 14:21–29. New York. Dinehart, S.K., L.M. Smith, S.T. McMurry, Dickey, L.B. 1921. A new amphibian cestode. T.A. Anderson, P.N. Smith, and D.A. Journal of Parasitology 7:129–137. Haukos. 2009. Toxicity of a glufosinate–and Dickinson, W.E. 1965. Handbook of several glyphosate–based herbicides to Amphibians and Turtles of Wisconsin. juvenile amphibians from the Southern High Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee. Plains, USA. Science of the Total Dickman, M. 1968. The effect of grazing by Environment 407:1065–1071. tadpoles on the structure of a periphyton Dinehart, S.K., L. M. Smith. S. T. McMurry, P. community. Ecology 49:1188–1190. N. Smith, T. A. Anderson, and D. A. Haukos. Dickson, N.J. 2002. The natural history and 2010. Acute and chronic toxicity of Roundup 80

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WeatherMAX® and Ignite® 280 SL to Angeles County Museum, Science Series 23, larval Spea multiplicata and S. bombifrons Zoology No. 10. from the Southern High Plains, USA. Dixon, J.R. 2000. Amphibians and Reptiles of Environmental Pollution 158: 2610–2617. Texas, with Keys, Taxonomic Synopses, Dinsmore, A. 2004. Geographic distribution. Bibliography, and Distribution Maps. 2nd ed. Eleutherodactylus planirostris. Texas A & M University Press, College Herpetological Review 35:403. Station. [first edition, 1987] Dirig, R. 1978. A large diurnal breeding Dobbs, E.K., M.G. Brown, J.W. Snodgrass, assemblage of American toads, Bufo and D.R. Ownby. 2012. Salt toxicity to americanus americanus, in the Catskill treefrogs (Hyla chrysoscelis) depends on Mountains. Pitch Pine Naturalist 4:1–2. depth. Herpetologica 68:22–30. Distel, C.A. 2010. Effects of an insecticide on Dodd, C.K., Jr. 1977. Immobility in juvenile competition in anurans: could pesticide– Bufo woodhousei fowleri. Journal of the induced competitive exclusion be a Mississippi Academy of Sciences 22:90–94. mechanism for amphibian declines? Ph.D. [reprints imply page numbers are 90–93] dissertation, Miami University, Oxford, Dodd, C.K., Jr. 1979. A photographic Ohio. technique to study tadpole populations. Distel, C.A., and M.D. Boone. 2009. Effects of Brimleyana 2:131– 136. aquatic exposure to the insecticide carbaryl Dodd, C.K., Jr. 1991. Drift fence–associated and density on aquatic and terrestrial growth sampling bias of amphibians at a Florida and survival in American toads. sandhills temporary pond. Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Herpetology 25:296–301. 28:1963–1969. Dodd, C.K., Jr. 1992. Biological diversity of a Distel, C.A., and M.D. Boone. 2010. Effects of temporary pond herpetofauna in north Florida aquatic exposure to the insecticide carbaryl sandhills. Biodiversity and Conservation are species–specific across life stages and 1:125–142. mediated by heterospecific competitors in Dodd, C.K., Jr. 1994. The effects of drought on anurans. Functional Ecology 24:1342–1352. population structure, activity, and orientation Distel, C.A., and M.D. Boone. 2011a. Pesticide of toads (Bufo quercicus and B. terrestris) at has asymmetric effects on two tadpole a temporary pond. Ethology Ecology & species across density gradient. Evolution 6:331–349. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Dodd, C.K., Jr. 1995. The ecology of a 30:650–658. sandhills population of the eastern narrow– Distel, C.A., and M.D. Boone. 2011b. mouthed toad, Gastrophryne carolinensis, Insecticide has asymmetric effects on two during a drought. Bulletin of the Florida tadpole species despite priority effects. Museum of Natural History 38:11–41. Ecotoxicology 20:875–884. Dodd, C.K., Jr. 1996. Use of terrestrial habitats Ditmars, R.L. 1905. The batracians of the by amphibians in the sandhill uplands of vicinity of New York City. American north–central Florida. Alytes 14:42–52. Museum Journal 5(4):161–206. [republished Dodd, C.K., Jr. 2003. Monitoring amphibians as American Museum of Natural History, in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Guide Leaflet No. 20] U.S. Geological Survey, Circular No. 1258. Dixon, J.R. 1967. The amphibians and reptiles Dodd, C.K., Jr. 2004. The Amphibians of Great of Los Angeles County California. Los Smoky Mountains National Park. University 81

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of Tennessee Press, Knoxville. Dodd, C. K., Jr., J. Loman, D. Cogălniceanu, Dodd, C.K., Jr. (ed.). 2010. Amphibian and M. Puky. 2012. Monitoring amphibian Ecology and Conservation. A Handbook of populations. Pp. 3577–3635 In H.H. Techniques. Oxford University Press, Heatwole and J. W. Wilkenson (eds.), Oxford, UK. Conservation and Decline of Amphibians: Dodd, C.K., Jr., and P.V. Cupp. 1978. The Ecological Aspects, Effect of Humans and effect of temperature and stage of Management. Amphibian Biology, Volume development on the duration of immobility 10, Surrey Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton, in selected anurans. British Journal of New South Wales, Australia. Herpetology 5:783–788. Dodge, N.N. 1938. Amphibians and reptiles of Dodd, C.K., Jr., and R.A. Seigel. 1991. Grand Canyon National Park. Grand Canyon Relocation, repatriation and translocation of Natural History Association, Natural History amphibians and reptiles: are they Bulletin No. 9. conservation strategies that work? Doherty, J.A., and H.C. Gerhardt. 1984. Herpetologica 47:335–350. Evolutionary and neurobiological Dodd, C.K., Jr., and B.S. Cade. 1998. implications of selective phonotaxis in the Movement patterns and the conservation of spring peeper (Hyla crucifer). Animal amphibians breeding in small, temporary Behaviour 32:875–881. wetlands. Conservation Biology 12:331–339. Dole, J.W. 1965a. Summer movements of adult Dodd, C.K., Jr., and L.L. Smith. 2003. Habitat leopard frogs, Rana pipiens Schreber, in destruction and alteration: historical trends northern Michigan. Ecology 46:236–255. and future prospects for amphibians. Pp. Dole, J.W. 1965b. Spatial relations in natural 94–112 In R.D. Semlitsch (ed.), Amphibian populations of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens Conservation. Smithsonian Books, Schreber, in northern Michigan. American Washington, D.C. Midland Naturalist 74:464–478. Dodd, C.K., Jr., and W.J. Barichivich. 2007. Dole, J.W. 1967a. The role of substrate Establishing a baseline and faunal history in moisture and dew in the water economy of amphibian monitoring programs: the leopard frogs, Rana pipiens. Copeia amphibians of Harris Neck, GA. 1967:141–149. Southeastern Naturalist 6:125–134. Dole, J.W. 1967b. Spring movements of Dodd, C.K., Jr., M.L. Griffey, and J.D. Corser. leopard frogs, Rana pipiens Schreber, in 2001. The cave associated amphibians of northern Michigan. American Midland Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Naturalist 78:167–181. review and monitoring. Journal of the Elisha Dole, J.W. 1968. Homing in leopard frogs, Mitchell Scientific Society 117:139–149. Rana pipiens. Ecology 49:386–399. Dodd, C.K., Jr., W.J. Barichivich, and L.L. Dole, J.W. 1971. Dispersal of recently Smith. 2004. Effectiveness of a barrier wall metamorphosed leopard frogs, Rana pipiens. and culverts in reducing wildlife mortality Copeia 1971:221–228. on a heavily traveled highway in Florida. Dole, J.W. 1972a. Homing and orientation of Biological Conservation 118:619–631. displaced toads, Bufo americanus, to their Dodd, C.K., Jr., W.J. Barichivich, S.A. home sites. Copeia 1972:151–158. Johnson, and J.S. Staiger. 2007. Changes in a Dole, J.W. 1972b. The role of olfaction and northwestern Florida Gulf Coast audition in the orientation of leopard frogs, herpetofaunal community over a 28–y period. Rana pipiens. Herpetologica 28:258–260. American Midland Naturalist 158:29–48. Dole, J.W. 1972c. Evidence of celestial 82

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orientation in newly–metamorphosed Rana Owen. 2007. The Frogs and Toads of North pipiens. Herpetologica 28:273–276. Carolina. Field Guide and Recorded Calls. Dole, J.W. 1973. Celestial orientation in North Carolina Wildlife Resources recently metamorphosed Bufo americanus. Commission, Raleigh, North Carolina. Herpetologica 29:59–62. Doty, T.L. 1978. A study of larval amphibian Dole, J.W. 1974. Home range in the canyon population dynamics in a Rhode Island tree frog (Hyla cadaverina). Southwestern vernal pond. Ph.D. dissertation, Naturalist 19:105–107. University of Rhode Island, Kingston. Dole, J.W., B.B. Rose, and K.H. Tachiki. 1981. Doubledee, R.A., E.B. Miller, and R.M. Western toads (Bufo boreas) learn odor of Nisbet. 2003. Bullfrogs, disturbance regimes, prey insects. Herpetologica 37:63–68. and the persistence of California red–legged Dole, J.W., B.B. Rose, and C.F. Baxter. 1985. frogs. Journal of Wildlife Management Hyperosmotic saline environment alters 67:424–438. feeding behavior in the western toad, Bufo Dougherty, C.K., and G.R. Smith. 2006. Acute boreas. Copeia 1985:645–648. effects of road de–icers on the tadpoles of Donald, D.B., W. T. Aitken, C. Paquette, and three anurans. Applied Herpetology 3:87–93. S.S. Wulff. 2011. Winter snowfall determines Douglas, C.L. 1966. Amphibians and reptiles the occupancy of northern prairie wetlands of Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. by tadpoles of the Wood Frog (Lithobates University of Kansas Publications, Museum sylvaticus). Canadian Journal of Zoology 89: of Natural History 15:711–744. 1063–1073. Dowe, B.J. 1979. The effect of time of Donnelly, M.A., C.J. Farrell, M.J. Baber, and oviposition and microenvironment on growth J.L. Glenn. 2001. The amphibians and of larval bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) in reptiles of the Kissimmee River. 1. Arizona. M.S. thesis, Arizona State Patterns of abundance and occurrence in University, Tempe. altered floodplain habitats. Herpetological Dowler, R.C., J.K. McCoy, and L.J. Fohn. Natural History 8:161–170. 2010. Scaphiopus couchii (Couch’s Doody, J.S., and J.E. Young. 1995. Temporal Spadefoot). Predation. Herpetological variation in reproduction and clutch mortality Review 41:480. of leopard frogs (Rana utricularia) in Dowling, H.G. 1957. A review of the south Mississippi. Journal of Herpetology amphibians and reptiles of Arkansas. 29:614–616. University of Arkansas Museum, Occasional Doody, J.S., J.E. Young, and G.N. Johnson. Papers No. 3. 1995. Rana capito (Gopher Frog). Combat. Doyle, J.M. 2011a. Evaluating the phenotype– Herpetological Review 26:202–203. linked fertility hypothesis: Do exaggerated Dorcas, M., and W. Gibbons. 2011. Frogs. The male phenotypes advertise potential Animal Answer Guide. Johns Hopkins fecundity benefits to females? Ph.D. University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. dissertation, Purdue University, West Dorcas, M.E., S.J. Price, and G.E. Vaughan. Lafayette, Indiana. 2006. Amphibians and reptiles of the Great Doyle, J.M. 2011b. Sperm depletion and a test Falls bypassed reaches in South Carolina. of the phenotype–linked fertility hypothesis Journal of the North Carolina Academy of in gray treefrogs (Hyla versicolor). Canadian Science 122:1–9. Journal of Zoology 89: 853–858. Dorcas, M.E., S.J. Price, J.C. Beane, and S.C. Drake, C.J. 1914. The food of Rana pipiens 83

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Shreber. The Ohio Naturalist 14:257–269. Freshwater Ecology 10:135–139. Drake, D.L. 2010. Lithobates onca (Relict Ducey, P.K., W. Newman, K.D. Cameron, and Leopard Frog). Cannibalistic oophagy. M. Messere. 1998. Herpetofauna of the Herpetological Review 41:198–199. highly–polluted Onondaga Lake ecosystem, Drake, D.L., and S.E. Trauth. 2010. Spea Onondaga County, New York. intermontana (Great Basin Spadefoot). Algal Herpetological Review 29:118–119. symbiosis. Herpetological Review 41:481– Dudley, R., V.A. King, and R. Wassersug. 482. 1991. The implications of shape and Drake, D.L., A. Drayer, and S.E. Trauth. metamorphosis for drag forces on a 2007a. Bufo americanus (American Toad). generalized pond tadpole (Rana catesbeiana). Algal symbiosis. Herpetological Review Copeia 1991:252–257. 38:435–436. Duellman, W.E. 1951. Notes on the reptiles Drake, D.L., R. Altig, J.B. Grace, and S.C. and amphibians of Greene County, Ohio. Walls. 2007b. Occurrence of oral deformities Ohio Journal of Science 51:335–341. in larval anurans. Copeia 2007:449–458. Duellman, W.E. 1955. Systematic status of the Drayer, A.N. 2011. Efficacy of constructed KeyWest spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus wetlands of various depths for natural holbrookii albus. Copeia 1955:141–143. amphibian community conservation. M.S. Duellman, W.E. 1968. The taxonomic status of thesis, Eastern Kentucky University, some American hylid frogs. Herpetologica Richmond. 24:194–209. Dreitz, V.J. 2006. Issues in species recovery: Duellman, W.E. 1986. Biology of Amphibians. an example based on the Wyoming toad. McGraw Hill, New York. Bioscience 56:765–771. Duellman, W.E., and L.N. Bell. 1955. The Dreslik, M.J., and J.M. Mui. 2005. Pseudacris frogs and toads of the Everglades National crucifer crucifer (Northern Spring Peeper). Park. Everglades Natural History 3(2):102– Aggressive behavior. Herpetological Review 115. 36:54–55. Duellman, W.E., and A. Schwartz. 1958. Driver, E.C. 1936. Observations on Scaphiopus Amphibians and reptiles of southern Florida. holbrooki (Harlan). Copeia 1936:67–69. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Drost, C.A., and G.M. Fellers. 1996. Collapse Biological Sciences 3:181–324. of a regional frog fauna in the Yosemite area Duffitt, A.D., and M.S. Finkler. 2011. Sex– of the California Sierra Nevada. related differences in somatic stored energy Conservation Biology 10:414–425. reserves of Pseudacris crucifer and Duarte, A., D.J. Brown, and M.R.J. Forstner. Pseudacris triseriata during the early 2011. Estimating abundance of the breeding season. Journal of Herpetology endangered Houston toad on a primary 45:224–229. recovery site. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Duffus, A.L.J., and D.H. Ireland. 2006. Rana Management 2:207–215. sylvatica (Wood Frog). Terrestrial amplexing Dubois, A. 2006. Naming taxa from pairs. Herpetological Review 37:449. cladograms: a cautionary tale. Molecular Duffus, A.L.J., B.D. Pauli, K. Wozney, C.R. Phylogenetics and Evolution 42:317–330. Brunetti, and M. Berrill. 2008. Frog Virus 3– DuBois, R.B., and F.M. Stoll. 1995. like infections in aquatic amphibian Downstream movement of leopard frogs in a communities. Journal of Wildlife Diseases Lake Superior tributary exemplifies the 44:109–120. concept of a lotic macrodrift. Journal of Dumas, P.C. 1957. Rana sylvatica Le Conte in 84

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Idaho. Copeia 1957:150–151. frogs (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) in the Big Dumas, P.C. 1966. Studies of the Rana species Horn Mountains of Wyoming. Journal of complex in the Pacific Northwest. Copeia Herpetology 11:85–87. 1966:60–74. Dunlap, D.G., and R.M. Storm. 1951. The Duméril, A.M.C., and G. Bibron. 1841. Cascade frog in Oregon. Copeia 1951:81. Erpetologie General, ou Histoire Naturelle Dunlap, D.G., and K.C. Kruse. 1976. Frogs of Complete des Reptiles, Vol. 8., Roret, Paris. the Rana pipiens complex in the northern and Dunbar, N.J. 1949. Wood frogs at Chimo. The central Plains states. Southwestern Naturalist Arctic Circular 2(1):9–10. 20:559–571. Dundee, H.A. 1974. Recognition characters for Dunlap, D.G., and J.E. Platz. 1981. Geographic Rana grylio. Journal of Herpetology 8:275– variation of proteins and call in Rana pipiens 276. from the northcentral United States. Copeia Dundee, H.A. 1999. Gastrophryne olivacea 1981:876–879. (Great Plains Narrowmouth Toad). Dunlap, D.G., and C.K. Satterfield. 1985. Aggregation with tarantula. Herpetological Habitat selection in larval anurans: early Review 30:91–92. experience and substrate pattern selection in Dundee, H.A., and D.A. Rossman. 1989. The Rana pipiens. Developmental Psychobiology Amphibians and Reptiles of Louisiana. 18:37–58. Louisiana State University Press, Baton Dunn, E.R. 1917. Reptile and amphibian Rouge. collections from the North Carolina Dundee, H.A., C. Shillington, and C.M. Yeary. mountains, with especial reference to 2012. Interactions between tarantulas salamanders. Bulletin of the American (Aphonopelma hentzi) and narrow–mouthed Museum of Natural History 37:593–634. toads (Gastrophryne olivacea): support for a Dunn, E.R. 1930. Reptiles and amphibians of symbiotic relationship. Tulane Studies in Northampton and vicinity. Bulletin of the Zoology and Botany 32:31–38. Boston Society of Natural History 57:3–8. Dunlap, D.G. 1955. Inter– and intraspecific Dunn, E.R. 1935. The survival value of variation in Oregon frogs of the genus Rana. specific characters. Copeia 1935:85–98. American Midland Naturalist 54:314–331. Dunn, E.R. 1937. The status of Hyla evittata Dunlap, D.G. 1959. Notes on the amphibians Miller. Transactions of the Biological Society and reptiles of Deschutes County, Oregon. of Washington 50:9–10. Herpetologica 15:173–177. Dunn, E.R. 1938. Notes on frogs of the genus Dunlap, D.G. 1963. The status if [sic] the gray Acris. Proceedings of the Academy of treefrog, Hyla versicolor in South Dakota. Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 90:153–154. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Dupré, R.K., and J.W. Petranka. 1985. Science 42:136–139. Ontogeny of temperature selection in larval Dunlap, D.G. 1967. Selected records of amphibians. Copeia 1985:462–467. amphibians and reptiles from South Dakota. Dupuis, L., and D. Steventon. 1999. Riparian Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy management and the tailed frog in northern of Science 46:100–106. coastal forests. Forest Ecology and Dunlap, D.G. 1969. Evidence for a daily Management 124:35–43. rhythum of heat resistance in the cricket frog, Dupuis, L., and P. Friele. 2006. The Acris crepitans. Copeia 1969:852–854. distribution of the Rocky Mountain tailed Dunlap, D.G. 1977. Wood and western spotted frog (Ascaphus montanus) in relation to the 85

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fluvial system: implications for management Oecologia 170:1077–1087. and conservation. Ecological Research Earl, J.E., T.M. Luhring, B.K. Williams, and 21:489–502. R.D. Semlitsch. 2011. Biomass export of Durham, F.E. 1956. Amphibians and reptiles of salamanders and anurans from ponds is the North Rim, Grand Canyon, Arizona. affected differentially by changes in canopy Herpetologica 12:220–224. cover. Freshwater Biology 56:2473–2482. Durham, L., and G.W. Bennett. 1963. Age, Earl, J.E., K.E. Cohagen, and R.D. Semlitsch. growth, and homing in the bullfrog. Journal 2012. Effects of leachate from tree leaves and of Wildlife Management 27:107–123. grass litter on tadpoles. Environmental Dury, R., and R.S. Williams. 1933. Notes on Toxicology and Chemistry 31:1511–1517. some Kentucky amphibians and reptiles. The Eason, G.W., Jr., and J.E. Fauth. 2001. Baker–Hunt Foundation Museum, Williams Ecological correlates of anuran species Natural History Collection Bulletin No. 1. richness in temporary pools: a field study in Dusi, J.L. 1949. The natural occurrence of South Carolina, USA. Israel Journal of “redleg,” Pseudomonas hydrophila, in a Zoology 47:347–365. population of American toads, Bufo Easteal, S. 1981. The history of introductions americanus. Ohio Journal of Science 49:70– of Bufo marinus (Amphibia: Anura): a 71. natural experiment in evolution. Dyche, L.L. 1914. Ponds, pond fish, and pond Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society fish culture. Kansas Department of Fish and 16:93–113. Game, Bulletin 1. Eaton, B.R. 2004. Ecology of anurans in boreal Dyer, W.G. 1991. Helminth parasites of Alberta. Ph.D. dissertation, University of amphibians from Illinois and adjacent Alberta, Edmonton. Midwestern states. Transactions of the Eaton, B.R., and C.A. Paszkowski. 1999. Rana Illinois State Academy of Science 84:125– sylvatica (Wood Frog). Predation. 143. Herpetological Review 30:164. Dyrkacz, S. 1981. Recent instances of albinism Eaton, B.R., and Z.C. Eaton. 2001. An in North American amphibians and reptiles. observation of a mallard, Anas SSAR Herpetological Circular No. 11. platyrhynchos, feeding on a wood frog, Earl, J.E. 2012. Effects of spatial subsidies and Rana sylvatica. Canadian Field–Naturalist canopy cover on pond communities and 115:499–500. multiple life stages in amphibians. Ph.D. Eaton, B.R., C. Grekul, and C.A. Paszkowski. dissertation, University of Missouri, 1999. An observation of interspecific Columbia. amplexus between boreal, Bufo boreas, Earl, J.E., and H.H. Whiteman. 2009. Effects and Canadian, Bufo hemiophrys, toads with a of pulsed nitrate exposure on amphibian range extension for boreal toad in central development. Environmental Toxicology and Alberta. Canadian Field–Naturalist 113:512– Chemistry 28:1331–1337. 513. Earl, J.E., and H.H. Whiteman. 2010. Eaton, B.R., C.A. Paszkowski, and R. Evaluation of phosphate toxicity in Cope’s Chapman. 2003. Rana sylvatica (Wood Gray Treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) tadpoles. Frog). Parasite. Herpetological Review Journal of Herpetology 44:201–208. 34:55. Earl, J.E., and R.D. Semlitsch. 2012. Eaton, B.R., S. Eaves, C. Stevens, A. Puchniak, Reciprocal subsidies in ponds: does leaf litter and C.A. Paszkowski. 2004. Deformity levels input increase frog biomass export? in wild populations of the wood frog (Rana 86

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sylvatica) in three ecoregions of western Edge, C.B. D. G. Thompson, C. Hao, J. E. Canada. Journal of Herpetology 38:283–287. Houlahan. 2012. A silviculture application of Eaton, B.R., W.W. Tonn, C.A. Paszkowski, the glyphosate–based herbicide VisionMAX A.J. Danylchuk, and S.M. Boss. 2005a. to wetlands has limited direct effects on Indirect effects of fish winterkills on amphibian larvae. Environmental Toxicology amphibian populations in boreal lakes. and Chemistry 31:2375–2383. Canadian Journal of Zoology 83:1532–1539. Edginton, A.N., P.M. Sheridan, G.R. Eaton, B.R., C.A. Paszkowski, K. Kristensen, Stephenson, D.G. Thompson, and H.J. and M. Hiltz. 2005b. Life–history variation Boermans. 2004. Comparative effects of among populations of Canadian toads in pH and Vision™ herbicide on two life stages Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of of four anuran amphibian species. Zoology 83:1421– 1430. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Eaton, B.R., C.L. Browne, C.A. Paszlowski, 23:815–822. Z.C. Eaton, and R. Chapman. 2005c. Bufo Edgren, R.A., Jr. 1944. Notes on amphibians boreas (Western Toad). Seed dispersal. and reptiles from Wisconsin. American Herpetological Review 36:52–53. Midland Naturalist 32:495–498. Eaton, B.R., A.E. Moenting, C.A. Paszkowski, Edgren, R.A. 1954. Factors controlling color and D. Shpeley. 2008. Myiasis by Lucilla change in the tree frog, Hyla versicolor silvarum (Calliphoridae) in amphibian Wied. Proceedings of the Society for species in boreal Alberta, Canada. Journal of Experimental Biology and Medicine 87:20– Parasitology 94:949–952. 23. Eaton, T.H., Jr. 1935. Report on amphibians Edwards, J.R., K.L. Koster, and D.L. Swanson. and reptiles of the Navajo country. Rainbow 2000. Time course for cryoprotectant Bridge–Monument Valley Expedition synthesis in the freeze–tolerant chorus frog, Bulletin No. 3, 18 pp. Pseudacris triseriata. Comparative Eaton, T.H., Jr., and R.M. Imagawa. 1948. Biochemistry and Physiology 125A:367–375. Early development of Pseudacris clarkii. Edwards, T.M., K.A. McCoy, T. Barbeau, Copeia 1948:263–265. M.W. McCoy, J.M. Thro, and L.J. Guillette, Eaves, S.E. 2004. Amphibian distribution in Jr. 2006. Environmental context determines the aspen parkland. M.S. thesis, University of nitrate toxicity in southern toad (Bufo Alberta, Edmonton. terrestris) tadpoles. Aquatic Toxicology Echaubard, P., K. Little, B. Pauli, and D. 78:50–58. Lesbarrères. 2010. Context–dependent effects Egan, R.S. 2001. Within–pond and landscape– of ranaviral infection on northern leopard level factors influencing the breeding effort frog life history traits. PLoS One of Rana sylvatica and Ambystoma 5(10):e13723. maculatum. M.S. thesis, University of Rhode Echternacht, A.C. 1964. Albino specimens Island, Kingston. from Arizona. Herpetologica 20:211–212. Egan, R.S., and P.W.C. Paton. 2004. Within– Eckert, J.C. 1934. The California toad in pond parameters affecting oviposition by relation to the hive bee. Copeia 1934:92–93. wood frogs and spotted salamanders. Eddy, S.B. 1976. Population ecology of the Wetlands 24:1–13. leopard frog, Rana pipiens pipiens Schreber, Egan, R.S., and P.W.C. Paton. 2008. Multiple at Delta Marsh, Manitoba. M.S. thesis, scale habitat characteristics of pond–breeding University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. amphibians across a rural–urban gradient. Pp. 87

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53–65 In J.C. Mitchell, R.E. Jung Brown, catesbeiana ♂). Journal of Experimental and B. Bartholomew (eds.), Urban Zoology 192:323–329. Herpetology. Herpetological Conservation 3. Elinson, R.P. 1975b. Fertilization of green frog Society for the Study of Amphibians and (Rana clamitans) eggs in their native jelly by Reptiles, Salt Lake City, Utah. bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) sperm. Journal Ehret, G., and H.C. Gerhardt. 1980. Auditory of Experimental Zoology 193:419–423. masking and effects of noise on responses of Elinson, R.P. 1977. Macrocephaly and the green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) to microcephaly in hybrids between the bullfrog synthetic mating calls. Journal of Rana catesbeiana and the mink frog Rana Comparative Physiology A 141:13–18. septentrionalis (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae). Ehrlich, D. 1979. Predation by bullfrog Journal of Herpetology 11:94–96. tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana) on eggs and Elinson, R.P. 1981a. Have you seen a bullfrog– newly hatched larvae of the Plains leopard green frog hybrid? Herpetological Review frog (Rana blairi). Bulletin of the Maryland 12:104. Herpetological Society 15:25–26. Elinson, R.P. 1981b. Genetic analysis of Eigenbrod, F., S.J. Hecnar, and L. Fahrig. developmental arrest in an amphibian hybrid 2008. The relative effects of road traffic and (Rana catesbeiana, Rana clamitans). forest cover on anuran populations. Developmental Biology 81:167–176. Biological Conservation 141:35–46. Elinson, R.P. 1993. Viable triploid hybrids Eigenbrod, F., S.J. Hecnar, and L. Fahrig. between a arge frog, Rana catesbeiana, and a 2009. Quantifying the road–effect zone: small one, Rana septentrionalis. threshold effects of a motorway on anuran Herpetological Review 24:46–47. populations in Ontario, Canada. Ecology and Elliott, L., C. Gerhardt, and C. Davidson. 2009. Society 14(1):24. The Frogs and Toads of North America. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/Vol14/iss Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston. 1/art24/. Ellis, M.M. 1917. Amphibians and reptiles of Einem, G.E., and L.D. Ober. 1956. The the Douglas Lake (Michigan) Region. 19th seasonal behavior of certain Floridian Michigan Academy of Science Reports, pp. Salientia. Herpetologica 12:205–212. 45–63. Eklöv, P. 2000. Chemical cues from multiple Ellis, M.M., and J. Henderson. 1913. Amphibia predator–prey interactions induce changes in and reptilia of Colorado. Part 1. University of behavior and growth of anuran larvae. Colorado Studies 10:39–129. Oecologia 123:192–199. Ellis, M.M., and J. Henderson. 1915. Amphibia El Balaa, R, and G. Blouin–Demers. 2011. and reptilia of Colorado. Part 2. University of Unpalatability of northern leopard frog Colorado Studies 11:253–263. Lithobates pipiens Schreber, 1782 tadpoles. Ely, C. 1944. Development of Bufo marinus Herpetology Notes 4:159. larvae in dilute sea water. Copeia 1944:256. Elinson, R.P. 1974. A block to cross– Emerson, S.B., J. Travis, and M. Blouin. 1988. fertilization located in the egg jelly of the Evaluating a hypothesis about heterochrony: frog Rana clamitans. Journal of larval life–history traits and juvenile hind– Embryology and Experimental Morphology limb morphology in Hyla crucifer. Evolution 32:325–335. 42: 68–78. Elinson, R.P. 1975a. Viable amphibian hybrids Emery, A.R., A.H. Berst, and K. Kodaira. produced by circumventing a block to cross– 1972. Under–ice observations of wintering fertilization (Rana clamitans ♀ X Rana sites of leopard frogs. Copeia 1972:123–126. 88

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Emlen, S.T. 1968. Territoriality in the bullfrog, 43:323–324. Rana catesbeiana. Copeia 1968:240–243. Enge, K.M. 1984. Effects of clearcutting and Emlen, S.T. 1976. Lek organization and mating site preparation on the herpetofauna of a strategies in the bullfrog. Behavioral Ecology north Florida flatwoods. M.S. thesis, and Sociobiology 1:283–313. University of Florida, Gainesville. Emlen, S.T. 1977. “Double–clutching” and its Enge, K.M. 1998a. Herpetofaunal survey of an possible significance in the bullfrog. Copeia upland hardwood forest in Gadsden County, 1977:749–751. Florida. Florida Scientist 61:141–159. Emmerson, F.H. 1971. Agonistic behavior in Enge, K.M. 1998b. Herpetofaunal drift–fence some captive frogs (Rana) from Nevada. survey of steephead ravines in 2 river Herpetological Review 3:29. drainages. Proceedings of the Annual Emmett, A.D., and F.P. Allen. 1919. Conference of Southeastern Association of Nutritional studies on the growth of frog Fish and Wildlife Agencies 1998:336–348. larvae (Rana pipiens). Journal of Biological Enge, K.M. 2002. Herpetofaunal drift–fence Chemistry 38:325–344. survey of two seepage bogs in Okaloosa Enderson, E.F., and R.L. Bezy. 2000. County, Florida. Florida Scientist 65:67–82. Geographic distribution: Pternohyla fodiens Enge, K.M. 2005a. Commercial harvest of (Lowland burrowing treefrog). amphibians and reptiles in Florida for the pet Herpetological Review 31:251–252. trade. Pp. 198–211 In W.E. Meshaka, Jr. and Engbrecht, N. J. 2010. The status of Crawfish K.J. Babbitt (eds.), Amphibians and Reptiles. Frogs (Lithobates areolatus) in Indiana, and Status and Conservation in Florida. Krieger a tool to assess populations. M.S. thesis, Publishing, Malabar, Florida. Indiana State University, Terre Haute. Enge, K.M. 2005b. Herpetofaunal drift–fence Engbrecht, N.J., and J.L. Heemeyer. 2010. surveys of steephead ravines in the Florida Lithobates areolatus circulosus (Northern Panhandle. Southeastern Naturalist 4:657– Crawfish Frog). Heterodon platirhinos 678. (Eastern Hog–nosed Snake). Predation. Enge, K.M., and W.R. Marion. 1986. Effects of Herpetological Review 41:168–170. clearcutting and site preparation on Engbrecht, N.J., and M.J. Lannoo. 2010. A herpetofauna of a north Florida flatwoods. review of the status and distribution of Forest Ecology and Management 14:177– crawfish frogs (Lithobates areolatus) in 192. Indiana. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy Enge, K.M., and K.N. Wood. 1998. of Science 119:64–73. Herpetofaunal surveys of the Big Bend Engbrecht, N.J., S.J. Lannoo, J.O. Whitaker Wildlife Management Area, Taylor County, and M.J. Lannoo. 2011. Comparative Florida. Florida Scientist 61:61–87. morphometrics in ranid frogs (subgenus Enge, K.M., and K.N. Wood. 2000. A Nenirana): are apomorphic elongation and a herpetofaunal survey of Chassahowitzka blunt snout responses to small–bore burrow Wildlife Management Area, Hernando dwelling in crawfish frogs (Lithobates County, Florida. Herpetological Natural areolatus)? Copeia 2011:285–295. History 7:117–144. Engbrecht, N.J., J.L. Heemeyer, V.C. Kinney Enge, K.M., and K.N. Wood. 2001. and M.J. Lannoo. 2012. Lithobates areolatus Herpetofauna of Chinsegut Nature Center, circulosus (Northern Crawfish Frog). Hernando County, Florida. Florida Scientist Thwarted predation. Herpetological Review 64:283–305. 89

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Enge, K.M., D.T. Cobb, G.L. Sprandel, and Dakota. M.S. thesis, University of D.L. Francis. 1996. Wildlife captures in a Wisconsin–Stevens Point. pipeline trench in Gadsden County, Florida. Ernst, S.G. 1945. The food of the red– Florida Scientist 59:1–11. shouldered hawk in New York State. Auk Engelbert, J., M.Patrick, and S.E. Trauth. 2008. 62:452–453. Rana catesbeiana (American Bullfrog). Errington, P.L., and W.J. Breckenridge. 1938. Lithophagy. Herpetological Review 39:80. Food habits of buteo in the north– Engelhardt, G.P. 1917. Grand Canyon notes. central United States. Wilson Bulletin Copeia (39):5–7. 50:113–121. Engelhardt, G.P. 1918. Batrachians from Ervin, E.L. 2005. Pseudacris cadaverina southwestern Utah. Copeia (60):77–80. (Cope, 1866). California Treefrog. Pp. 467– Engels, W.L. 1942. Vertebrate fauna of North 470 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian Carolina coastal islands. A study in the Declines. The Conservation Status of United dynamics of animal distribution. 1. States Species. University of California Ocracoke Island. American Midland Press, Berkeley. Naturalist 28:273–304. Ervin, E.L., and R.N. Fisher. 2001. Engels, W.L. 1952. Vertebrate fauna of North Thamnophis hammondii (Two–striped Garter Carolina coastal islands. 2. Shackleford Snake). Prey. Herpetological Review Banks. American Midland Naturalist 47:702– 32:265–266. 742. Ervin, E.L., and T.L. Cass. 2007. Spea Engeman, R.M., and E.M. Engeman. 1996. hammondii (Western Spadefoot). Longevity of Woodhouse’s toad in Colorado. Reproductive pattern. Herpetological Review Northwestern Naturalist 77:23. 38:196–197. Engeman, R.M., and M.A. Engeman. 2006. Ervin, E.L., and R.N. Fisher. 2007. Bufo woodhousii (Woodhouse’s Toad). Thamnophis hammondii (Two–striped Survival. Herpetological Review 37:442– Gartersnake). Foraging behavior. 443. Herpetological Review 38:345–346. Engle, J.E. 2001. Population biology and Ervin, E.L., R.N. Fisher, and K. Madden. 2000. natural history of Columbia spotted frogs Hyla cadaverina (California Treefrog). (Rana luteiventris) in the Owyhee Uplands of Predation. Herpetological Review 31:234. southwest Idaho: implications for monitoring Ervin, E.L., A.E. Anderson, T.L. Cas, and R.E. and management. M.S. thesis, Boise State Murcia. 2001. Spea hammondii (Western University, Boise, Idaho. Spadefoot Toad). Elevation record. Epple, A.O. 1983. The Amphibians of New Herpetological Review 32:36. England. Down East Books, Camden, Maine. Ervin, E.L., S.J. Mullin, M.L. Warburton, and Ercole, J.A. 1970. Mass dieoff of bullfrogs and R.N. Fisher. 2003. Thamnophis hammondii leopard frogs by freezing in central Arizona. (Two–striped ). Prey. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science Herpetological Review 34:74–75. 6:139. Ervin, E.L., C.D. Smith, and S.V. Christopher. Ernst, C.H. 2001. Some ecological parameters 2005. Spea hammondii (Western Spadefoot). of the wood turtle, Clemmys insculpta, in Reproduction. Herpetological Review southeastern Pennsylvania. Chelonian 36:309–310. Conservation and Biology 4:94–99. Ervin, E.L., D.A. Kisner, and R.N. Fisher. Ernst, J.A. 2001. Assessment of the Rana 2006. Bufo californicus (Arroyo Toad). pipiens complex in southwestern South Mortality. Herpetological Review 37:199. 90

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Ervin, E.L., A.K. Gonzales, D.S. Johnston, and of the Southern California Academy of J.P. Pittman. 2007. Spea hammondii Science 68:260–261. (Western Spadefoot). Predation. Fair, J.W. 1970. Comparative rates of Herpetological Review 38:197–198. rehydration from soil in two species of toads, Etges, W.J. 1979. Ecological genetic Bufo boreas and Bufo punctatus. relationships in selected anurans of the Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology southeastern United States. M.S. thesis, 34:281–287. University of Georgia, Athens. Fairchild, L. 1981. Mate selection and Etges, W.J. 1987. Call site choice in male behavioral thermoregulation in Fowler’s anurans. Copeia 1987:910–923. toads. Science 212:950–951. Evans, H.E., and R.M. Roecker. 1951. Notes Fairchild, L. 1984. Male reproductive tactics in on the herpetology of Ontario, Canada. an explosive breeding toad population. Herpetologica 7:69–71. American Zoologist 24:407–418. Evenden, F.G., Jr. 1943. Notes on amphibia of Faivovich, J., C.F.B. Haddad, P.C.A. Garcia, the Cascade Mountains in Oregon. Copeia D.R. Frost, J.A. Campbell, and W.C. 1943:251–252. Wheeler. 2005. Systematic review of the frog Evenden, F.G., Jr. 1948. Food habits of family Hylidae, with special reference to Triturus granulosus in western Oregon. Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and Copeia 1948:219–220. taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Evermann, B.W., and H.W. Clark. 1916. The Museum of Natural History 294:1–240. turtles and batrachians of the Lake Farmer, A.L., L.L. Smith, S.B. Castleberry, Maxinkuckee region. Proceedings of the and J.W. Gibbons. 2009. A comparison of Indiana Academy of Science 26:472–518. techniques for sampling amphibians in Evermann, B.W., and H.W. Clark. 1920. Lake isolated wetlands in Georgia, USA. Applied Maxinkuckee. A Physical and Biological Herpetology 6:327–341. Survey. Volume 1. Indiana Department of Farner,D.S., and J. Kezer. 1953. Notes on the Conservation, Publication No. 7. [amphibians amphibians and reptiles of Crater Lake on pages 620–644] National Park. American Midland Evrard, J.O., and S.R. Hoffman. 2000. Naturalist 50:448–462. Amphibians and reptiles captured in drift Farrell, M.P. 1971. Effect of temperature and fences in northwest Wisconsin pine barrens. photoperiod acclimations on the water Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science economy of Hyla crucifer. Herpetologica 107:182–186. 27:41–48. Ewert, M.A. 1969. Seasonal movements of the Farrell, T.M., M.A. Pilgrim, P.G. May, and toads Bufo americanus and B. cognatus in W.B. Blihovde. 2011. The herpetofauna of northwestern Minnesota. Ph.D. dissertation, Lake Woodruff , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Florida. Southeastern Naturalist 10:647–658. Faeh, S.A., D.K. Nichols, and V.R. Beasley. Farringer, J.E. 1972. The determination of 1998. Infectious diseases of amphibians. Pp. acute toxicity of rotenone and bayer 73 to 259– 265 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Status & selected aquatic organisms. M.S. thesis, Distribution of Midwestern Amphibians. University of Wisconsin–La Crosse. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. Farris, J.S., A. Kluge, and M.F. Margoliash. Fair, J.W. 1969. Survival of weevils through 1979. Paraphyly of the Rana boylii species the digestive tract of an amphibian. Bulletin group. Systematic Zoology 28:627–634. 91

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Farris, J.S., A. Kluge, and M.F. Margoliash. Taliaferro. 1987. Prey remains in barn 1982. Immunological distance and the pellets from a South Carolina barrier island. phylogenetic relationships of the Rana boylii Georgia Journal of Science 45:148–151. species group. Systematic Zoology 31:479– Feldman, C.R., and J.A. Wilkinson. 2000. 491. Rana muscosa (Mountain Yellow–legged Fashingbauer, B.A. 1957. The effect of aerial Frog). Predation. Herpetological Review spraying with DDT on a population of wood 31:102. frogs. Flicker 29(4):160. Feliciano, S.L. 2000. A comparison of two Fauth, J.E. 1999. Identifying keystone species northern cricket frog (Acris crepitans) from field data – an example from 20 populations andtheir habitats during drought temporary ponds. Ecology Letters 2:36–43. conditions in southeastern New York and the Feaver, P.E. 1971. Breeding pool selection and Florida Panhandle. M.S. thesis, University of larval mortality of three California Florida, Gainesville. amphibians: Ambystoma tigrinum Felix, Z.I., Y. Wang, and C.J. Schweitzer. californiense Gray, Hyla regilla Baird and 2010. Effects of experimental canopy Girard, and Scaphiopus hammondii Girard. manipulation on amphibian egg deposition. M.A. thesis, Fresno State College, Fresno, Journal of Wildlife Management 74:496–503. California. Fellers, G.M. 1975. Behavioral interactions in Feder, J.H. 1979. Natural hybridization and North American treefrogs (Hylidae). genetic divergence between the toads Bufo Chesapeake Science 16:218–219. boreas and Bufo punctatus. Evolution Fellers, G.M. 1976. Social interactions in 33:1089–1097. North American treefrogs. Ph.D. dissertation, Feder, M.E. 1983. The relation of air breathing University of Maryland, College Park. and locomotion to predation on tadpoles, Fellers, G.M. 1979a. Aggression, territoriality, Rana berlandieri, by turtles. Physiological and mating behaviour in North American Zoology 56:522–531. treefrogs. Animal Behaviour 27:107–119. Fedewa, L. 2003. Microbial ecology of Fellers, G.M. 1979b. Mate selection in the gray developing southern toads, spring peepers, treefrog, Hyla versicolor. Copeia 1979:286– and narrow–mouthed toads. M.S. thesis, 290. University of Georgia, Athens. Fellers, G.M., and C.A. Drost. 1993. Fedewa, L.A. 2006. Fluctuating gram–negative Disappearance of the Cascades frog Rana microflora in developing anura. Journal of cascadae at the southern end of its range, Herpetology 40:131–135. California, USA. Biological Conservation Federighi, H. 1938. Albinism in Rana pipiens 65:177–181. (Schreber). Ohio Journal of Science 38:37– Fellers, G.M., and L.L. Wood. 2004. Rana 40. aurora draytonii (California Red–legged Feinberg, J.A., and T.M. Green. 2004. Frog). Predation. Herpetological Review Scaphiopus holbrookii (Eastern Spadefoot). 35:163. Diurnal breeding. Herpetological Review Fellers, G.M., and P.M. Kleeman. 2007. 35:53. California red–legged frog (Rana draytonii) Feinberg, J.A., and K. Hoffmann. 2004. movement and habitat use: implications for Scaphiopus holbrookii (Eastern Spadefoot). conservation. Journal of Herpetology Coloration and behavior. Herpetological 41:276–286. Review 35:377. Fellers, G.M., D.E. Green, and J.E. Longcore. Feldhammer, G.A., M.B. Epstein, and W.B. 2001a. Oral chytridiomycosis in the 92

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mountain yellow–legged frog (Rana 1976. Sound localization behavior of the muscosa). Copeia 2001:945–953. green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) and the barking Fellers, G.M., A.E. Launer, G. Rathbun, S. treefrog (H. gratiosa). Journal of Bobzien, J. Alvarez, D. Sterner, R.B. Comparative Physiology A 107:241–252. Seymour, and M. Westphal. 2001b. Fenoilio, D.B., G.O. Graening, and J.F. Stout. Overwintering tadpoles in the California 2005. Seasonal movement patterns of Red–legged frog (Rana aurora draytonii). pickerel frogs (Rana palustris) in an Ozark Herpetological Review 32:156–157. cave and trophic implications supported by Fellers, G.M., L.L. McConnell, D. Pratt, and S. stabile isotope evidence. Southwestern Datta. 2004. Pesticides in mountain yellow– Naturalist 50:385–389. legged frogs (Rana muscosa) from the Sierra Fenton, M.H. 1932. Raising Jumbo Bullfrogs. Nevada Mountains of California, USA. Charilon Fur and Frog Farm Inc., Chicago, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Illinois. 80 pp. 23:2170–2177. Ferguson, D.E. 1952. The distribution of Fellers, G.M., D.F. Bradford, D. Pratt, and L.L. amphibians and reptiles of Wallowa County, Wood. 2007a. Demise of repatriated Oregon. Herpetologica 8:66–68. populations of mountain yellow–legged Ferguson, D.E. 1954. An interesting factor frogs (Rana muscosa) in the Sierra Nevada of influencing Bufo boreas reproduction at high California. Herpetological Conservation elevations. Herpetologica 10:199. and Biology 2:5–21. Ferguson, D.E. 1960. Observations on Fellers, G.M., K.L. Pope, J.E. Stead, M.S. Koo, movements and behavior of Bufo fowleri in and H.H. Welsh, Jr. 2007b. Turning residential areas. Herpetologica 16:112– population trend monitoring into active 114. conservation: can we save the Cascades frog Ferguson, D.E. 1961. The herpetofauna of (Rana cascadae) in the Lassen Region of Tishomingo County, Mississippi, with California. Herpetological Conservation and comments on its zoogeographic affinities. Biology 3:28–39. Copeia 1961:391–396. Fellers, G.M., R.A. Cole, D.M. Rentz, and Ferguson, D.E. 1963. Orientation in three P.M. Kleeman. 2011. Amphibian chytrid species of anuran amphibians. Ergebnisse der fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in Biologie 26:128–134. coastal and montane California, USA Ferguson, D.E. 1966a. Sun–compass anurans. Herpetological Conservation and orientation in anurans. Pp. 21–33 In R.M. Biology 6:383–394. Storm (ed.), Animal Orientation and Felson, A.J. 2010. Suburbanization and Navigation. Oregon State University Press, amphibians: designed ecological solutions. Corvallis. Ph.D. dissertation, Rutgers University, New Ferguson, D.E. 1966b. Evidence of sun– Brunswick, New Jersey. compass orientation in the chorus frog, Feminella, J.W., and C.P. Hawkins. 1994. Pseudacris triseriata. Herpetologica Tailed frog tadpoles differentially alter their 22:106–112. feeding behavior in response to non–visual Ferguson, D.E., and H.F. Landreth. 1966. cues from four predators. Journal of the Celestial orientation of Fowler’s toad Bufo North American Benthological Society fowleri. Behaviour 26:107–123. 13:310–320. Ferguson, D.E., and C.C. Gilbert. 1968. Feng, A.S., H.C. Gerhardt, and R.R. Capranica. Tolerances of three species of anuran 93

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amphibians to five chlorinated hydrocarbon Behaviour 78:11–16. insecticides. Journal of the Mississippi Ferrari, M.C.O., and D.P. Chivers. 2010. The Academy of Sciences 13:135–138. ghost of predation future: threat–sensitive Ferguson, D.E., K.E. Payne, and R.M. Storm. and temporal assessment of risk by 1958. Notes on the herpetology of Baker embryonic woodfrogs. Behavioral Ecology County, Oregon. Great Basin Naturalist and Sociobiology 64:549–555. 18:63–65. Ferrari, M.C.O., F. Messier, and D.P. Chivers. Ferguson, D.E., H.F. Landreth, and M.R. 2007a. First documentation of cultural Turnipseed. 1965. Astronomical orientation transmission of predator recognition by larval of the southern cricket frog, Acris gryllus. amphibians. Ethology 113:621–627. Copeia 1965:58–66. Ferrari, M.C.O., F. Messier, and D.P. Chivers. Ferguson, D.E., H.F. Landreth, and J.P. 2007b. Degradation of chemical alarm cues McKeown. 1967. Sun compass orientation of under natural conditions: risk assessment by the Northern Cricket Frog, Acris crepitans. larval woodfrogs. Chemoecology 17:263– Animal Behaviour 15:45–53. 266. Ferguson, D.E., J.P. McKeown, O.S. Bosarge, Ferrari, M.C.O., F. Messier, and D. P. Chivers. and H.F. Landreth. 1968. Sun–compass 2008. Larval amphibians learn to match orientation of bullfrogs. Copeia 1968:230– antipredator response intensity to temporal 235. patterns of risk. Behavioral Ecology 19:980– Ferguson, J.H., and C.H. Lowe. 1969. 983. Evolutionary relationships in the Bufo Ferrari, M.C.O., G.E. Brown, F. Messier, and punctatus group. American Midland D.P. Chivers. 2009. Threat–sensitive Naturalist 81:435–466. generalization of predator recognition by Ferner, J.W., T. Rice, and K.S. Neltner. 1992. larval amphibians. Behavioral Ecology and Predation on birds, at a birdfeeder, by Sociobiology 63: 1369–1375. bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana Shaw. Pp. 61–62 Ferrari, M.C.O., A.K. Manek, and D.P. In P.D. Strimple and J.L. Strimple (eds.), Chivers. 2010. Temporal learning of Contributions in Herpetology. Greater predation risk by embryonic amphibians. Cincinnati Herpetological Society, Biology Letters 6:308–310. Cincinnati, Ohio. Ferrari, M.C.O., G. E. Brown, G. R. Bortolotti, Ferrari, M.C.O., and D.P. Chivers. 2008. and D. P. Chivers. 2010. Linking predator Cultural learning of predator recognition in risk and uncertainty to adaptive forgetting: a mixed–species assemblages of frogs: the theoretical framework and empirical test effect of tutor–to–observer ratio. Animal using tadpoles. Proceedings of the Royal Behaviour 75: 1921–1925. Society of London B 277:2205–2210. Ferrari, M.C.O., and D. P. Chivers. 2009a. Ferrari, M.C.O., G.E. Brown, G.R. Bortolotti, Sophisticated early life lessons: threat– and D.P. Chivers. 2011. Prey behaviour sensitive generalization of predator across antipredator adaptation types: how recognition by embryonic amphibians. does growth trajectory influence learning of Behavioral Ecology 20: 1295–1298. predators? Animal Cognition 14:809–816. Ferrari, M.C.O., and D. P. Chivers. Ferrari, M.C.O., J. Vrtělová, G.E. Brown, and 2009b.Temporal variability, threat sensitivity D. P. Chivers. 2012. Understanding the role and conflicting information about the nature of uncertainty on learning and retention of of risk: understanding the dynamics of predator information. Animal Cognition tadpole antipredator behaviour. Animal 15:807–813. 94

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Fetkavich, C., and L.J. Livo. 1998. Late– Land–use correlates of anuran community season boreal toad tadpoles. Northwestern richness and composition in southeastern Naturalist 79:120–121. Ontario wetlands. Ecoscience 8:336–343. Ficetola, G.F., C. Miaud, F. Pompanon, and P. Findley, J.S. 1964. Verification of the Taberlet. 2009. Species detection using occurrence of Bufo microscaphus Cope in environmental DNA from water samples. New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 9:102– Biology Letters 4:423–425. 109. Fichter, E., and A.D. Linder. 1964. The Finlay, J.C., and V.T. Vredenburg. 2007. amphibians of Idaho. Idaho State University Introduced trout sever trophic connections in Museum, Pocatello. watersheds: consequences for a declining Fidenci, P. 2004. The California red–legged amphibian. Ecology 88:2187–2198. frog, Rana aurora draytonii, along the Finley, R.B., Jr. 1953. A northern record of Arroyo Santo Domingo, northern Baja Hyla arenicolor in western Colorado. Copeia California, Mexico. Herpetological Bulletin 1953:180. 88:27–31. Fischer, T.D. 1998. Anura of eastern South Fidenci, P. 2006. Rana boylii (Foothill Dakota: their distribution and characteristics Yellow–legged Frog). Predation. of their wetland habitats, 1997–1998. M.S. Herpetological Review 37:208. thesis, South Dakota State University, Field, K.J., and D. Groebner. 2005. Rana Brookings. chiricahuensis (Chiricahua Leopard Frog). Fishbeck, D.W., and J.C. Underhill. 1960. Reproduction. Herpetological Review Amphibians of eastern South Dakota. 36:306–307. Herpetologica 16:131–136. Field, K.J., T.L. Beatty, Sr., and T.L. Beatty, Fishbeck, D.W., and J.C. Underhill. 1971. Jr. 2003. Rana subaquavocalis (Ramsey Distribution of stripe polymorphism in wood Canyon Leopard Frog). Diet. frogs, Rana sylvatica LeConte, from Herpetological Review 34:235. Minnesota. Copeia 1971:253–259. Figiel, C.R., and R.D. Semlitsch. 1991. Effects Fisher, A.K. 1893. Hawks and of the of nonlethal injury and habitat complexity on United States in their relation to agriculture. predation in tadpole populations. Canadian U.S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. Journal of Zoology 69:830–834. 3, Washington, D.C. Filho, C.B.C., H.C. Costa, E.T Da Silva, O.P. Fisher, C., A. Joynt, and R.J. Brooks. 2007. Ribeiro Filho, and R.N. Feio. 2008. Reptiles and Amphibians of Canada. Lone Lithobates catesbeianus (American Pine Publishing, Edmonton, Alberta. Bullfrog). Prey. Herpetological Review Fisher, H.T., and A. Richards. 1950. The 39:338. annual ovarian cycle of Acris crepitans Fincel, E.A. 2006. Urea : a natural Baird. Pp. 129–142 In Researches on the cryoprotectant in the freeze–tolerant wood Amphibia of Oklahoma, University of frog (Rana sylvatica). M.S. thesis, Eastern Oklahoma Press, Norman. Illinois University, Charleston. Fisher, M.C., and T.W.J. Garner. 2007. The Findlay, C.S., and J. Houlahan. 1997. relationship between the emergence of Anthropogenic correlates of species richness Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the in southeastern Ontario wetlands. international trade in amphibians and Conservation Biology 11:1000–1009. introduced amphibian species. Fungal Findlay, C.S., L. Lenton, and L. Zheng. 2001. Biology Reviews 21:2–9. 95

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Fisher, R.N., and H.B. Shaffer. 1996. The Fitzgerald, G.J., and J.R. Bider. 1974a. decline of amphibians in California’s Great Seasonal activity of the toad Bufo Central Valley. Conservation Biology americanus in southern Quebec as revealed 10:1387–1397. by a sand transect technique. Canadian Fishwild, T.G., R.A. Schemidt, K.M. Jankens, Journal of Zoology 52:1–5. K.A. Berven, G.J. Gamboa, and C.M. Fitzgerald, G.J., and J.R. Bider. 1974b. Richards. 1990. Sibling recognition by Evidence for a relationship between geotaxis larval frogs (Rana pipiens, R. sylvatica, and and seasonal movements in the toad Bufo Pseudacris crucifer).Journal of Herpetology americanus. Oecologia 17:277–280. 24:40–44. Fitzgerald, G.J., and J.R. Bider. 1974c. Fitch, H.S. 1936. Amphibians and reptiles of Evidence of a relationship between age and the Rogue River Basin, Oregon. American activity in the toad Bufo americanus. Midland Naturalist 17:634–652. Canadian Field–Naturalist 88:499–501. Fitch, H.S. 1956a. Temperature responses in Fitzgerald, K.T., H.M. Smith, and L.J. free–living amphibians and reptiles of Guillette, Jr. 1981. Nomenclature of the northeastern Kansas. University of Kansas diploid species of the diploid–tetraploid Publications, Museum of Natural History Hyla versicolor complex. Journal of 8:417–476. Herpetology 15:355–356. Fitch, H.S. 1956b. A field study of the Kansas Fleet, R., and B. Autry. 1999. Herpetofaunal –eating frog, Gastrophryne olivacea. assemblages of four forest types from the University of Kansas Publications, Museum Caddo Lake area of northeastern Texas. of Natural History 8:275–306. Texas Journal of Science 51:297–308. Fitch, H.S. 1956c. Early sexual maturity and Fleming, P.L. 1976. A study of the distribution longevity under natural conditions in the and ecology of Rana clamitans Latreille. Great Plains narrow–mouthed frog. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota, Herpetologica 12:281–282. Minneapolis. Fitch, H.S. 1958. Home ranges, territories, and Flesch, A.D., D.E. Swann, D.S. Turner, and seasonal movements of vertebrates of the B.F. Powell. 2010. Herpetofauna of the Natural History Reservation. University of Rincon Mountains, Arizona. Southestern Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural Naturalist 55:240–253. History 11:63–326. Flores, G. 1978. The reproductive ecology of Fitch, H.S. 1960. Autecology of the the northern spring peeper, Hyla crucifer copperhead. University of Kansas crucifer, in southern Connecticut. HERP, Publications, Museum of Natural History Bulletin of the New York Herpetological 13:85–288. Society 14:22–25. Fite, K.V. 1973. The visual fields of the frog Florey, J., and S.J. Mullin. 2005. A survey of and toad: a comparative study. Behavioral anuran breeding activity in Illinois, 1986– Biology 9:707–718. 1989. Transactions of the Illinois State Fite, K.V., A. Blaustein, L. Bengston, and H.E. Academy of Science 98:39–47. Hewitt. 1998. Evidence of retinal light Florida Department of Agriculture. 1952. damage in Rana cascadae: a declining Bullfrog farming and frogging in Florida. amphibian species. Copeia 1998:906–914. Bulletin (new series) No. 56. Fitzgerald, G.J. 1974. Influence of moon phase Flowers, M.A. 1994. Feeding ecology and and weather factors on locomotory activity in habitat use of juvenile Great Plains toads Bufo americanus. Oikos 25:338–340. (Bufo cognatus) and Woodhouse’s toads (B. 96

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woodhousei). M.A. thesis, University of Scaphiopus couchii (Couch’s Spadefoot). South Dakota, Vermillion. Predation. Herpetological Review 40:73. Flowers, M.A., and B.M. Graves. 1995. Prey Fontenot, C.L., Jr. 2003. Hyla versicolor (Gray selectivity and size–specific diet changes in Treefrog). Behavior. Herpetological Review Bufo cognatus and B. woodhousii during 34:358. early postmetamorphic ontogeny. Journal of Fontenot, C.L., Jr. 2011. Hyla cinerea (Green Herpetology 29:608–612. Treefrog).Winter aggregation. Herpetological Flowers, M.A., and B.M. Graves. 1997. Review 42:84–85. Juvenile toads avoid chemical cues from Fontenot, L.W., G.P. Noblet, and S.G. Platt. snake predators. Animal Behaviour 53:641– 1994. Rotenone hazards to amphibians and 646. reptiles. Herpetological Review 25:150–153, Floyd, T.M., and E.S. Kilpatrick. 2002. 156. Pseudacris brachyphona (Mountain Chorus Force, E.R. 1925. Notes on reptiles and Frog). Verification of historical occurrence. amphibians of Okmulgee County, Oklahoma. Herpetological Review 33:48. Copeia (141):25–27. Floyd, T.M., K.R. Russell, C.E. Moorman, Force, E.R. 1930. The amphibians and reptiles D.H. Van Lear, D.C. Guynn, Jr., and J.D. of Tulsa County, Oklahoma, and vicinity. Lanham. 2002. Effects of prescribed fire on Copeia 1930:25–39. herpetofauna within hardwood forests of the Force, E.R. 1933. The age of attainment of upper Piedmont of South Carolina: a sexual maturity of the leopard frog Rana preliminary analysis. Pp. 123–127 In K.W. pipiens (Scheber) in northern Michigan. Outcalt (ed.), Proceedings of the 11th Copeia 1933:128–131. Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Ford, L.S., and D.C. Cannatella. 1993. The Conference. USDA Forest Service, Southern major of frogs. Herpetological Research Station, General, and Technical Monographs 7:94–117. Report SRS–48, Asheville, North Carolina. Forester, D.C. 1973. Mating call as a Flury, A.G. 1951. Variations in some local reproductive isolating mechanism between populations of Hyla versicolor in central Scaphiopus bombifrons and S. hammondii. Texas. M.A. thesis, University of Texas, Copeia 1973:60–67. Austin. Forester, D.C. 1975. Laboratory evidence for Flury, A.G. 1957. The leopard frog. Texas potential gene flow between two species of Game and Fish 15(4):4–5, 22–23. spadefoot toads, Scaphiopus bombifrons and Fogell, D.D. 2010. A Field Guide to the Scaphiopus hammondii. Herpetologica Amphibians and Reptiles of Nebraska. 31:282–286. Institute of Agriculture and Natural Forester, D.C., and R. Czarnowsky. 1985. Resources, University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Sexual selection in the spring peeper, Hyla Fogleman, J.C., P.S. Corn, and D. Pettus. 1980. crucifer (Amphibia, Anura): role of the The genetic basis for a dorsal color advertisement call. Behaviour 92:112–128. polymorphism in Rana pipiens. Journal of Forester, D.C., and R. Daniel. 1986. Heredity 71:439–440. Observations on the social behavior of the Folt, B.T. 2012. Geographic distribution: southern cricket frog, Acris gryllus (Anura: Lithobates heckscheri (River Frog). Hylidae). Brimleyana 12:5–11. Herpetological Review 43:99. Forester, D.C., and D.V. Lykens. 1986. Fontenot, B.E., and P.M. Hampton. 2009. Significance of satellite males in a population 97

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tadpoles and adults between six species of Fouquette, M.J., Jr. 1980. Effect of Hyla (Hylidae, Anura). Ph.D. dissertation, environmental temperatures on body Mississippi State University, Mississippi temperature of aquatic–calling anurans. State. Journal of Herpetology 14: 347–352. Fortman, J., and R. Altig. 1973. Characters of Fouquette, M.J., Jr. 2005. Rhinophrynus F1 hybrid tadpoles between six species of dorsalis Dumeril and Bibron, 1841. Hyla. Copeia 1973:411–416. Burrowing Toad (Sapo Borracho). Pp. Fortman, J., and R. Altig. 1974. Characters of 599–600 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian F1 hybrid frogs from six species of Hyla. Declines. The Conservation Status of United Herpetologica 30:221–234. States Species. University of California Foster, B.J., D.W. Sparks, and J.E. Duchamp. Press, Berkeley. 2004. Urban herpetology. 2. Amphibians and Fouquette, M.J., and M.J. Littlejohn. 1960. reptiles of the Indianapolis Airport Patterns of oviposition in two species of conservation lands. Proceedings of the hylid frogs. Southwestern Naturalist 5:92– Indiana Academy of Science 113:53–59. 96. Foster, C.D. 2007. Pseudacris regilla (Pacific Fournier, M.A. 1997. Amphibians in the Treefrog). Death feigning. Herpetological Northwest Territories. SSAR Herpetological Review 38:192. Conservation 1:100–106. Foster, C.D., E. Sandhaus, A. Boinay, and V. Fournier, M.A. undated. Amphibians & reptiles Hubbartt. 2007. Bufo boreas halophilus in the Northwest Territories. Ecology North, (California Toad). Cannibalism. Yellowknife, Northwest Territories. Herpetological Review 38:178–179. http://www.enr.gov. nt.ca/_live Foster, C.D., and S.J. Mullin. 2008. Speed and /documents/documentManagerUpload/amphi endurance of Thamnophis hammondii are not bians_reptiles_pamphlet.pdf affected by consuming the toxic frog [Accessed 28 July 2010] Xenopus laevis. Southwestern Naturalist Fowler, H.W. 1905. The sphagnum frog of 53:370–373. New Jersey—Rana virgatipes Cope. Foster, W.A. 1967. Chorus structure and vocal Proceedings of the Academy of Natural response in the Pacific tree frog, Hyla regilla. Sciences of Philadelphia 1905:662–664. Herpetologica 23:100–104. Fowler, H.W. 1906. Some cold–blooded Fouquette, M.J., Jr. 1954. Food competition vertebrates of the Florida Keys. Proceedings among four sympatric species of garter of the Academy of Natural Sciences of snakes, genus Thamnophis. Texas Journal of Philadelphia 58:77–113. Science 6:172–188. Fowler, H.W. 1918. An albino spring frog in Fouquette, M.J., Jr. 1960. Call structure in winter. Copeia (61):84. frogs of the Family Leptodactylidae. Texas Fowler, J.A. 1960. Amphibian calling. Journal of Science 12:201–215. Cranbrook Institute Newsletter 29:78–85. Fouquette, M.J., Jr. 1968. Remarks on the type Fowler, J.A., and G. Orton. 1947. The specimen of Bufo alvarius Girard. Great occurrence of Hyla femoralis in Maryland. Basin Naturalist 28:70–72. Maryland, A Journal of Natural History Fouquette, M.J., Jr. 1975. Speciation in chorus 17:6–7. frogs.1. Reproductive character displacement Fowler, J.A., and R.L. Hoffman. 1951. in the Pseudacris nigrita complex. Gastrophryne carolinensis carolinensis Systematic Zoology 24:16–23. (Holbrook) in southwestern Virginia. 99

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Virginia Journal of Science 2:101. Oecologia 158:765–774. Fox, S. 2008. Oophagy and larval cannibalism Fraker, M.E. 2009c. Perceptual limits to without polyphenism in tadpoles of the Great predation risk assessment in green frog (Rana Basin spadefoot (Spea intermontana). clamitans) tadpoles. Behaviour 146:1025– Herpetological Review 39:151–154. 1036. Fox, S.F., P.A. Shipman, R.E. Thill, J.P. Fraker, M.E. 2010. Risk assessment and anti– Phelps, and D.M. Leslie, Jr. 2004. predator behavior of wood frog (Rana Amphibian communities under diverse sylvatica) tadpoles: a comparison with forest management in Ouachita Mountains, green frog (Rana clamitans) tadpoles. Journal Arkansas. Pp. 164–173 In J.M. Guldin of Herpetology 44:390–398. (compiler), Ouachita and Ozark Mountains Fraker, M.E., and B. Luttbeg. 2012. Predator– Symposium. Ecosystem Management prey space use and the spatial distribution of Research. USDA Forest Service General and predation events. Behaviour 149:555–574. Technical Report SRS–74, Asheville, North Fraker, M., E. F. Hu, V. Cuddapah, S. A. Carolina. McCollum, R. A. Relyea, J. Hempel, and R. Fracz, A. 2012. Importance of hydrologic J. Denver. 2009. Characterization of an alarm connectivity for coastal wetlands to open pheromone secreted by amphibian tadpoles water of eastern Georgian Bay. M.S. thesis, that induces behavioral inhibition and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. suppression of the neuroendocrine stress axis. Fraker, M.E. 2007. Predation risk assessment Hormones and Behavior 55:520–529. and the anti–predator behavioral dynamics of Frandsen, J.C., and A.W. Grundmann. 1960. larval anurans. Ph.D. dissertation, University The parasites of some amphibians of Utah. of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Journal of Parasitology 46:678. Fraker, M.E. 2008a. The dynamics of predation Franz, R. 1966. Red leg in a natural population risk assessment: responses of anuran larvae of Maryland amphibians. Bulletin of the to chemical cues of predators. Journal of Maryland Herpetological Society 2:7. Animal Ecology 77:638–645. Franz, R. 1967. Annotated checklist of cave– Fraker, M.E. 2008b. The effect of hunger on associated reptiles and amphibians of the strength and duration of the antipredator Maryland. Contribution No. 6 of The behavioral response of green frog (Rana Maryland Cave Survey. Bulletin of the clamitans) tadpoles. Behavioral Ecology and Maryland Herpetological Society 3:50–53. Sociobiology 62:1201–1205. Franz, R. 1969. The Maryland Cave Survey. Fraker, M.E. 2008c. The influence of the Contribution No. 6. Reptiles and amphibians circadian rhythm of green frog (Rana in Maryland caves. Baltimore Grotto News clamitans) tadpoles on their antipredator 10(2):31–35. behavior and the strength of the nonlethal Franz, R. 1970a. Food of the larval tailed frog. effects of predators. American Naturalist Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological 171:545–552. Society 6: 49–51. Fraker, M.E. 2009a. Predation risk assessment Franz, R. 1970b. Egg development of the tailed by green frog (Rana clamitans) tadpoles frog under natural conditions. Bulletin of the through chemical cues produced by multiple Maryland Herpetological Society 6:27–30. prey. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Franz, R. 1971. Notes on the distribution and 63:1397–1402. ecology of the herpetofauna of northwestern Fraker, M.E. 2009b. The effect of prior Montana. Bulletin of the Maryland experience on a prey’s current perceived risk. Herpetological Society 7:1–10. 100

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Franz, R. 1972. Feeding in Florida cricket Washington, D.C. frogs. Bulletin of the Maryland Freda, J., and W.A. Dunson. 1984. Sodium Herpetological Society 8:89–90. balance of amphibian larvae exposed to low Franz, R. 1986. The Florida gopher frog and environmental pH. Physiological Zoology the Florida pine snake as burrow associates 57:435–443. of the gopher tortoise in northern Florida. Pp. Freda, J., and W.A. Dunson. 1985. Field and 16–20 In D.R. Jackson and R.J. Bryant laboratory studies of ion balance and growth (eds.), The Gopher Tortoise and its rates of ranid tadpoles chronically exposed to Community. Proceedings of the 5th Annual low pH. Copeia 1985:415–423. Meeting of the Gopher Tortoise Council, Freda, J., and W.A. Dunson. 1986a. Effects of Florida State Museum, Gainesville. low pH and other chemical variables on the Franz, R. 2005. Hyla gratiosa (Barking local distribution of amphibians. Copeia Treefrog). Winter retreat. Herpetological 1986:454–466. Review 36:434–435. Freda, J., and R.J. Gonzale 1986b. Daily Franz, R., and D.S. Lee. 1970. The ecological movements of the treefrog, Hyla andersoni. and biogeographical distribution of the tailed Journal of Herpetology 20:469–471. frog, Ascaphus truei, in the Flathead River Freda, J., and D.G. McDonald. 1990. Effects of Drainage of northwestern Montana. Bulletin aluminum on the leopard frog, Rana pipiens: of the Maryland Herpetological Society life stage comparisons and aluminum 6:62–73. uptake. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Franz, R., C.K. Dodd, Jr., and C. Jones. 1988. Aquatic Sciences 47:210–216. Rana areolata aesopus (Florida Gopher Freda, J., and D.H. Taylor. 1992. Behavioral Frog). Movement. Herpetological Review response of amphibian larvae to acidic water. 19:82. Journal of Herpetology 26:429–433. Franz, R., C.K. Dodd, Jr., and A.M. Bard. Freda, J., and D.G. McDonald. 1993. Toxicity 1992. The non–marine herpetofauna of of amphibian breeding ponds in the Sudbury Egmont Key, Hillsborough County, Florida. Region. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Florida Scientist 55:179–183. Aquatic Sciences 50:1497–1503. Freake, M.J., S.C. Borland, and J.B. Phillips. Freda, J., V. Cavdek, and D.G. McDonald. 2002. Use of a magnetic compass for Y–axis 1990. Role of organic complexation in the orientation in larval bullfrogs, Rana toxicity of aluminum to Rana pipiens catesbeiana. Copeia 2002:466–471. embryos and Bufo americanus tadpoles. Freda, J. 1986. The influence of acidic pond Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic water on amphibians: a review. Water, Air Sciences 47:217–224. and Soil Pollution 30:439–450. Freda, J., W.J. Sadinski, and W.A. Dunson. Freda, J. 1990. Effects of acidification on 1991. Long term monitoring of amphibian amphibians. Pp. 114–129 In J.P. Baker, D.P. populations with respect to the effects of Bernard, S.W. Christensen, M.J. Sale, J. acidic precipitation. Water, Air, and Soil Freda, K. Heltcher, L. Rowe, P. Scanion, P. Pollution 55:445–462. Stokes, G. Suter, and W. Warren–Hicks Freed, A.N. 1980a. Prey selection and feeding (eds.), Biological Effects of Changes in behavior of the green treefrog (Hyla cinerea). Surface Water Acid–base Chemistry. State of Ecology 61:461–465. Science. Technology Report 13, National Freed, A.N. 1980b. An adaptive advantage of Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, basking behavior in an anuran amphibian. 101

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Physiological Zoology 53:433–444. Bay Wetlands Sanctuary, Lothian, Maryland. Freed, A.N. 1982a. A treefrog’s menu: Fried, B., P. L. Pane, and A. Reddy. 1997. selection for an evening’s meal. Oecologia Experimental infection of Rana pipiens 53:20–26. tadpoles with Echinostoma trivolvis Freed, A.N. 1982b. To eat or not to eat? That is cercariae. Parasitology Research 83:666–669. the question of treefrog prey selection. Ph.D. Friet, S.C. 1993. Aquatic overwintering of the dissertation, University of Florida, bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) during natural Gainesville. hypoxia in an ice–covered pond. M.S. thesis, Freed, A.N. 1988. The use of visual cues for Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. prey–selection by foraging treefrogs (Hyla Frisbie, M.P., J. P. Costanzo, and R. E. Lee. cinerea). Herpetologica 44:18–24. 2000. Physiological and ecological aspects of Freed, P.S., and K. Neitman. 1988. Notes on low–temperature tolerance in embryos of the predation on the endangered Houston toad, wood frog, Rana sylvatica. Canadian Journal Bufo houstonensis. Texas Journal of Science of Zoology 78: 1032–1041. 40:454–456. Froiland, S.G. 1990. Natural History of the Freiburg, R.E. 1951a. An ecological study of Black Hills and Badlands. Center for Western the narrow–mouthed toad (Microhyla) in Studies, Augustana College, Sioux Falls, northeastern Kansas. M.A. thesis, University South Dakota. of Kansas, Lawrence. Frost, D. 1983. Past occurrence of Acris Freiburg, R.E. 1951b. An ecological study of crepitans (Hylidae) in Arizona. Southwestern the narrow–mouthed toad (Microhyla) in Naturalist 28:105. northeastern Kansas. Transactions of the Frost, D.R. (ed.). 1985. Amphibian Species of Kansas Academy of Science 54:374–386. the World. Allen Press and the Association of Freidenburg, L.K. 2003. Spatial ecology of the Systematics Collections, Lawrence, Kansas. wood frog, Rana sylvatica. Ph.D. Frost, D.R., T. Grant, J. Faivovich, R.H. Bain, dissertation, University of Connecticut, A. Haas, C.F.B. Haddad, R.O. de Sá, A. Storrs. Channing, M. Wilkinson, S.C. Donnellan, Freidenburg, L.K., and D.K. Skelly. 2004. C.J. Raxworthy, J.A. Campbell, B.L. Blotto, Microgeographic variation in thermal P. Moler, R.C. Drewes, R.A. Nussbaum, J.D. preference by an amphibian. Ecology Letters Lynch, D.M. Green, and W.C. Wheeler. 7:369–373. 2006a. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of Freidenfelds, N.A. 2012. Acris crepitans the American Museum of Natural History (Northern Cricket Frog). Fire ant 297:1–370. envenomation. Herpetological Review Frost, D.R., T. Grant, and J.R. Mendelson III. 43:117. 2006b. Ollotis Cope, 1875 is the oldest name Freidenfelds, N.A., J.L. Purrenhage, and K.J. for the genus currently referred to as Babbitt. 2011. Effects of clearcuts and forest Cranopsis Cope, 1875 (Anura: Hyloides: buffer size on post–breeding emigration of Bufonidae). Copeia 2006:558. wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus). Forest Frost, D.R., T. Grant, J. Faivovich, R.H. Bain, Ecology and Management. 261:2115–2122. A. Haas, C.F.B. Haddad, R.O. de Sá, A. Frese, P.W., and A.M. Sullivan. 2000. Rana Channing, M. Wilkinson, S.C. Donnellan, areolata circulosa (Northern Crawfish Frog). C.J. Raxworthy, J.A. Campbell, B.L. Blotto, Vocalization. Herpetological Review 31:101. P. Moler, R.C. Drewes, R.A. Nussbaum, J.D. Friebele, E., and J. Zambo. 2004. A Guide to Lynch, D.M. Green, and W.C. Wheeler. the Amphibians and Reptiles of Jug Bay. Jug 2007. Is The Amphibian Tree of Life really 102

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fatally flawed? Cladistics 24:385–395. records of the bird–voiced treefrog (Hyla Frost, D.R., J.R. Mendelson III, and J. Pramuk. avivoca) in the headwaters of the Ouachita 2009. Further notes on the nomenclature of River drainage of southwestern Arkansas. Middle American toads (Bufonidae). Copeia Southeastern Naturalist 3:259–266. 2009:418. Fulton, M.H., and J.E. Chambers. 1985. The Frost, J.S., and E.W. Martin. 1971. A toxic and teratogenic effects of selected comparison of distribution and high organophosphorus compounds on the temperature tolerance in Bufo americanus embryos of three species of amphibians. and Bufo woodhousii fowleri. Copeia Toxicology Letters 26:175–180. 1971:750–751. Funderburg, J.B., C.H. Hotchkiss, and P. Hertl. Frost, J.S., and J.T. Bagnara. 1976. A new 1974a. The wood frog, Rana sylvatica species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens LeConte, in the Virginia coastal plain. complex) from northwestern Mexico. Copeia Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological 1976:332–338. Society 10:58. Frost, J.S., and J.T. Bagnara. 1977. Sympatry Funderburg, J.B., P. Hertl, and W.M. Kerfoot. between Rana blairi and the southern form of 1974b. A range extension for the carpenter leopard frog in southeastern Arizona (Anura: frog, Rana virgatipes Cope, in the Ranidae). Southwestern Naturalist 22: 443– Chesapeake Bay region. Bulletin of the 453. Maryland Herpetological Society 10:77– Frost, J.S., and J.E. Platz. 1983. Comparative 79. assessment of modes of reproductive Funk, R.S. 1964. Hyla wrightorum (Salientia: isolation among four species of leopard frogs Hylidae) in western Arizona. Southwestern (Rana pipiens complex). Evolution 37:66–78. Naturalist 9:206. Frost, S.W. 1924. Frogs as insect collectors. Funk, W.C., M.S. Blouin, P.S. Corn, B.A. Bulletin of the New York Entomological Maxwell, D.S. Pilliod, S. Amish, and F.W. Society 32:174–185. Allendorf. 2005a. Population structure of Frost, S.W. 1935. The food of Rana Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) is catesbeiana Shaw. Copeia 1935:15–18. strongly affected by the landscape. Molecular Fucik, E.M. 2011. Interactions between Ecology 14:483–496. invasive species and climate change: the Funk, W.C., A.E. Greene, P.S. Corn, and F.W. effect on an East Texas anuran. M.S. thesis, Allendorf. 2005b. High dispersal in a frog Stephen F. Austin State University, species suggests that it is vulnerable to Nacogdoches, Texas. habitat fragmentation. Biology Letters 1:13– Fulk, F.D., and J.O. Whitaker, Jr. 1969. The 16. food of Rana catesbeiana in three habitats in Funk, W.C., C.A. Pearl, H.M. Draheim, M.J. Owen County, Indiana. Proceedings of the Adams, T.D. Mullins, and S.M. Haig. 2008. Indiana Academy of Science 78:491–496. Range–wide phylogeographic analysis of the Fuller, T.E., K.L. Pope, D.T. Ashton, and H.H. spotted frog complex (Rana luteiventris and Welsh, Jr. 2011. Linking the distribution of Rana pretiosa) in northwestern North an invasive amphibian (Rana catesbeiana) America. Molecular Phylogenetics and to habitat conditions in a managed river Evolution 49:198–210. system in northern California. Restoration Funk, W.C., T.S. Garcia, G.A. Cortina, and Ecology 19:204–213. R.H. Hill. 2011. Population genetics of Fulmer, T., and R. Tumlison. 2004. Important introduced bullfrogs, Rana (Lithobates) 103

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catesbeianus [sic], in the Willamette Valley, amphibian mortalities in Acadia National Oregon, USA. Biological Invasions 13:651– Park wetlands. Canadian Journal of Zoology 658. 88: 108–121. Funkhouser, A. 1976. Observations on Gahl, M.K., J.E. Longcore, and J.E. Houlahan. pancreas: body weight ratio change during 2011a. Varying responses of northeastern development of the bullfrog, Rana North American amphibians to the chytrid catesbeiana. Herpetologica 32:370–371. pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Funkhouser, J.W. 1949. Adventures with park Conservation Biology 26:135–141. Amphibia. Crater Lake National Park Nature Gahl, M. K., B. D. Pauli, and J. E. Houlahan. Notes 15:12–13. 2011b. Effects of chytrid fungus and a Gaertner, J.P., M.A. Gaston, D. Spontak, M.R. glyphosate–based herbicide on survival and J. Forstner, and D. Hahn. 2009. Seasonal growth of wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) variation in the detection of Ecological Applications 21:2521–2529. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in a Texas Gaige, H.T. 1920. Observations upon the habits population of Blanchard’s cricket frog (Acris of Ascaphus truei Stejneger. Occasional crepitans blanchardi).Herpetological Review Papers of the Museum of Zoology, 40:184–187. University of Michigan 84:1–9. Gaertner, J.P., D. McHenry, M.R.J. Forstner, Gaige, H.T. 1931. Notes on Syrrhophus and D. Hahn. 2010. Annual variation of marnockii Cope. Copeia 1931:63. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the Gaige, H.T. 1932. The status of Bufo copei. Houston toad (Bufo houstonensis) and a Copeia 1932:134. sympatric congener (Bufo nebulifer). Gallie, J.A., R.L. Mumme, and S.A. Wissinger. Herpetological Review 41:456–459. 2001. Experience has no effect on the Gaertner, J.P., D.J. Brown, J.A. Mendoza, development of chemosensory recognition of M.R.J. Forstner, T. Bonner, and D. Hahn. predators by tadpoles of the American toad, 2012. Geographic variation in Bufo americanus. Herpetologica 57:376–383. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis occurrence Galois, P., and M. Ouellet. 2005. Le Grand among populations of Acris crepitans Bois de Saint–Grégoire, un refuge pour blanchardi in Texas, USA. Herpetological l’herpétofaune dans la plaine montérégienne. Review 43:274–278. Le naturaliste canadien 129:37–43. Gage, M.W. 2011. Biodiversity in an isolated Gamble, T., P.B. Berendzen, H.B. Shaffer, suburban reservation: amphibians in the D.E. Starkey, and A.M. Simons. 2008. Middlesex Fells. M.S. thesis, University of Species limits and phylogeography of North Massachusetts, Boston. American cricket frogs (Acris: Hylidae). Gage, S.H. 1897. Life history of the toad. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Cornell Nature Leaflet No. 9. [reprinted in 48:112–125. Cornel Nature–Study Leaflets, New York Gamboa, G.J., K.A. Berven, R.A. Schemidt, G. Department of Agriculture Nature–Study Fishwild, and K.M. Jankens. 1991. Kin Bulletin No. 1, pp. 185–206, 1904] recognition by larval wood frogs (Rana Gahl, M.K. 2007. Spatial and temporal patterns sylvatica): effects of diet and prior exposure of amphibian disease in Acadia National Park to conspecifics. Oecologia 86:319–324. wetlands. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Gambs, R.D., and M.J. Littlejohn. 1979. Maine, Orono. Acoustic behavior of males of the Rio Gahl, M.K., and A.J.K. Calhoun. 2010. The Grande leopard frog (Rana berlandieri): an role of multiple stressors in ranavirus–caused experimental analysis through field playback 104

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trials. Copeia 1979:643–650. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis globally Garcia, T.S., J.M. Romansic, and A.R. infects introduced populations of the North Blaustein. 2006. Survival of three species of American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. anuran metamorphs exposed to UV–B Biology Letters 2:455–459. radiation and the pathogenic fungus Garnier, J.H. 1883. The mink or hoosier frog. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Diseases American Naturalist 17:945–954. of Aquatic Organisms 72:163–169. Garrett, J.M., and D.G. Barker. 1987. A Field Garcia, T.S., D.J. Paoletti, and A.R Blaustein. Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of 2009. Correlated trait responses: comparing Texas. Texas Monthly Press, Austin. defense strategies across a stress gradient. Garton, E.R., F. Grady, and S.D. Carey. 1993. Canadian Journal of Zoology 87: 41–49. The vertebrate fauna of West Virginia caves. García–París, M., D.R. Buchholz, and G. West Virginia Speleological Survey Bulletin Parra–Olea. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships 11. of re–examined using mtDNA. Garton, J.D., and H.R. Mushinsky. 1979. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Integumentary toxicity and unpalatability as 28:12–23. an antipredator mechamism in the narrow Gardiner, D.M., and D.M. Hoppe. 1999. mouthed toad, Gastrophryne carolinensis. Environmentally induced limb malformations Canadian Journal of Zoology 57:1965–1973. in mink frogs (Rana septentrionalis). Journal Garton, J.S., and R.A. Brandon. 1975. of Experimental Zoology 284:207–216. Reproductive ecology of the green treefrog, Gardner, J.D. 1995. Pseudacris regilla (Pacific Hyla cinerea, in southern Illinois (Anura: Chorus Frog). Reproduction. Herpetological Hylidae). Herpetologica 31:150–161. Review 26:32. Gartside, D.F. 1980. Analysis of a hybrid zone Garman, H. 1892. A synopsis of the reptiles between chorus frogs of the Pseudacris and amphibians of Illinois. Illinois nigrita complex in the southern United Laboratory of Natural History Bulletin States. Copeia 1980:56–66. 3(13):215–388. Garwood, J.M. 2006. Rana cascadae Garman, H. 1901. The food of the toad. (Cascades Frog). Predation. Herpetological Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, Review 37:76. Bulletin No. 91:60–68. Garwood, J.M. 2009. Spatial ecology of the Garman, S. 1877. On a variation in the colors Cascades frog: identifying dispersal, of animals. Proceedings of the American migration, and resource uses at multiple Association for the Advancement of Science spatial scales. M.S. thesis, Humboldt State 25:194. University, Arcata, California. Garman, S. 1884. The North American reptiles Garwood, J.M., and H.H. Welsh, Jr. 2005. and batrachians. Bulletin of the Essex Rana cascadae (Cascades Frog). Predation. Institute 16:3–64. Herpetological Review 36:165–166. Garman, S. 1887. Reptiles and batrachians of Garwood, J.M., and C.A. Wheeler. 2007. Rana Texas and Mexico. Bulletin of the Essex cascadae (Cascades Frog). Predation. Institute 19:1–20. Herpetological Review 38:193–194. Garner, T.W.J., M.W. Perkins, P. Garwood, J.M., and C.W. Anderson. 2010. Govindarajulu, D. Seglie, S. Walker, A.A. Rana cascadae (Cascades Frog). Necrogamy. Cunningham, and M.C. Fisher. 2006. The Herpetological Review 41:204. emerging amphibian pathogen Garwood, J.M., C.A. Wheeler, R.M. Bourque, 105

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M.D. Larson, and H.H. Welsh, Jr. 2007. Egg size in American toads, Bufo americanus. mass drift increases vulnerability during early Animal Behaviour 29:1004–1012. development of Cascades frogs (Rana Gatz, A.J., Jr. 1981b. Selective size mating in cascadae). Northwestern Naturalist 88:95– Hyla versicolor and Hyla crucifer. Journal of 97. Herpetology 15:113–114. Garwood, J.M., C. W. Anderson, and S.J. Gatz, A.J., Jr. 1981c. Size selective mating in Ricker. 2010. Bullfrog predation on a Hyla versicolor and Hyla crucifer. Journal of juvenile Coho salmon in Humboldt County, Herpetology 15:114–116. California. Northwestern Naturalist 91:99– Gaudin, A.J. 1964. The tadpole of Hyla 101. californiae Gorman. Texas Journal of Gascon, C., and J.R. Rider. 1985. The effect of Science 16:80–84. pH on bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, and green Gaudin, A.J. 1965. Larval development of the frog, Rana clamitans melanota, tadpoles. tree frogs Hyla regilla and Hyla californiae. Canadian Field–Naturalist 99:259–261. Herpetologica 21:117–130. Gascon, C., and D. Planas. 1986. Spring pond Gaudin, A.J. 1969. A comparative study of the water chemistry and the reproduction of the osteology and evolution of the Holarctic wood frog, Rana sylvatica. Canadian Journal treefrogs: Hyla, Pseudacris, Acris and of Zoology 64:543–550. Limnaeodus. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Gascon, C., and J. Travis. 1992. Does the Southern California, Los Angeles. spatial scale of experimentation matter? A Gaul, R.W., Jr., and J.C. Mitchell. 2007. The test with tadpoles and dragonflies. herpetofauna of Dare County, North Ecology 73:2237–2243. Carolina: history, natural history, and Gascon, C., D. Planas, and G. Moreau. 1987. biogeography. Journal of the North Carolina The interaction of pH, calcium and aluminum Academy of Science 123:65–109. concentrations on the survival and Gaulke, C.A., R.S. Wagner, J.E. Johnson, and development of wood frog (Rana sylvatica) J.T. Irwin. 2010. Northern leopard frogs eggs and tadpoles. Annals of the Royal (Rana pipiens) infected with Society of Belgium 117:189–199. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the Gaston, M.A., A. Fuji, F.W. Weckerly, and amphibian trade. Herpetological Review M.R.J. Forstner. 2010. Potential component 41:322–323. Allee effects and their impact on wetland Gaulke, C.A., J.T. Irwin, and R.S. Wagner. management in the conservation of 2011. Prevalence and distribution of endangered anurans. PLoS One 5:e10102. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis at montane Gates, G.O. 1957. A study of the herpetofauna sites in central Washington, USA. in the vicinity of Wickenburg, Maricopa Herpetological Review 42:209–211. County, Arizona. Transactions of the Kansas Gayou, D.G. 1984. Effects of temperature on Academy of Science 60:403–418. the mating call of Hyla versicolor. Copeia Gatten, R.E., Jr., and C.J. Hill. 1984. Social 1984:733–738. influence on thermal selection by Hyla Gee, J.H., and R.C. Waldick. 1995. crucifer. Journal of Herpetology 18:87–88. Ontogenetic buoyancy changes and Gatten, R.E., Jr., and R.M. Clark. 1989. hydrostatic control in larval anurans. Copeia Locomotor performance of hydrated and 1995:861–870. dehydrated frogs: recovery following Gehlbach, F.R. 1965. Herpetology of the Zuni exhaustive exercise. Copeia 1989:451–455. Mountains region, northwestern New Gatz, A.J., Jr. 1981a. Non–random mating by Mexico. Proceedings of the United States 106

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National Museum 116:243–332. recognition. Ethology 103:979–989. Gehlbach, F.R., and B.B. Collette. 1959. Gergus, E.W.A., K.B. Malmos, and B.K. Distributional and biological notes on the Sullivan. 1999. Natural hybridization among Nebraskka [sic] herpetofauna. distantly related toads (Bufo alvarius, Bufo Herpetologica 15:141–143. cognatus, Bufo woodhousii) in central Gelczis, L., and C. Drost. 2004. A surprise in Arizona. Copeia 1999:281–286. Surprise Canyon: a new amphibian species Gergus, E.W.A., T.W. Reeder, and B.K. for Grand Canyon National Park. [Grand Sullivan. 2004. Geographic variation in Hyla Canyon National Park] Nature Notes wrightorum: advertisement calls, allozymes, (Fall):1–3. mtDNA, and morphology. Copeia 2004:758– Geluso, K., and G.D. Wright. 2010. 769. Geographic distribution. Gastrophryne Gerhardt, H.C. 1968. Evolutionary aspects of olivacea (Western narrow–mouthed toad). vocal communication and reproductive Herpetological Review 41:103. behavior in the Hyla cinerea species group. Gendron, A.D., D.J. Marcogliese, S. Barbeau, M.A. thesis, University of Texas, Austin. M.–S. Christin, P. Brousseau, S. Ruby, D. Gerhardt, H.C. 1973. Reproductive interactions Cyr, and M. Fournier. 2003. Exposure of between Hyla crucifer and Pseudacris ornata leopard frogs to a pesticide mixture affects (Anura: Hylidae). American Midland life history characteristics of the lungworm Naturalist 89:81–88. Rhabdias ranae. Oecologia 135:469–476. Gerhardt, H.C. 1974a. Mating call differences Gentry, G. 1955. An annonated [sic] check list between eastern and western populations of of the amphibians and reptiles of Tennessee. the treefrog Hyla chrysoscelis. Copeia Journal of the Tennessee Academy of 1974:534–536. Science 30:168–176. Gerhardt, H.C. 1974b. Behavioral isolation of Gentry, J.B., and M.H. Smith. 1968. Food the tree frogs, Hyla cinerea and Hyla habits and burrow associates of Peromyscus andersonii. American Midland Naturalist polionotus. Journal of 49:562– 91:424–433. 565. Gerhardt, H.C. 1974c. The significance of George, I.D. 1940. A study of the bullfrog, some spectral features in mating call Rana catesbeiana Shaw, at Baton Rouge, recognition in the green treefrog (Hyla Louisiana. Ph.D. dissertation, University of cinerea). Journal of Experimental Biology Michigan, Ann Arbor. 61:229–241. Georgel, C.T.W. 2001. Activity, diet, and Gerhardt, H.C. 1975. Sound pressure levels and microhabitat of the carpenter frog (Rana radiation patterns of the vocalizations of virgatipes Cope) in Virginia. M.S. thesis, some North American frogs and toads. Christopher Newport University, Newport Journal of Comparative Physiology 102:1– News, Virginia. 12. Gergus, E.W.A. 1998. Systematics of the Bufo Gerhardt, H.C. 1978a. Temperature coupling in microscaphus complex: allozyme evidence. the vocal communication system of the gray Herpetologica 54:317–325. tree frog, Hyla versicolor. Science 199:992– Gergus, E.W.A., B.K. Sullivan, and K.B. 994. Malmos. 1997. Call variation in the Bufo Gerhardt, H.C. 1978b. Discrimination of microscaphus complex: implications for intermediate sounds in a synthetic call species boundaries and the evolution of mate continuum by female green tree frogs. 107

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Science 199:1089–1091. and mating call frequencies in the green tree Gerhardt, H.C. 1978c. Mating call recognition frog, Hyla cinerea (Anura: Hylidae). Journal in the green tree frog (Hyla cinerea): the of Comparative Physiology 137:1–6. significance of some fine 3 temporal Gerhardt, H.C., and J. Rheinlaender. 1982. properties. Journal of Experimental Biology Localization of an elevated sound source by 74:59–73. the green tree frog. Science 217:662–663. Gerhardt, H.C. 1981a. Mating call recognition Gerhardt, H.C., and G.M. Klump. 1988a. in the green treefrog (Hyla cinerea): Phonotactic responses and selectivity of importance of two frequency bands as a barking treefrogs (Hyla gratiosa) to chorus function of sound pressure level. Journal of sounds. Journal of Comparative Physiology Comparative Physiology 144:17–25. A 163:795–802. Gerhardt, H.C. 1981b. Mating call recognition Gerhardt, H.C., and G.M. Klump. 1988b. in the barking treefrog (Hyla gratiosa): Masking of acoustic signals by the chorus responses to synthetic calls and background noise in the green tree frog: a comparisons with the green treefrog (Hyla limitation on mate choice. Animal Behaviour cinerea). Journal of Comparative Physiology 36:1247–1249. 144:17–25. Gerhardt, H.C., and G.M. Klump. 1991. Gerhardt, H.C. 1982. Sound pattern recognition Female mate choice in treefrogs: static and in some North American treefrogs (Anura: acoustic criteria. Animal Behaviour 42:615– Hylidae): implications for mate choice. 635. American Zoologist 22:581–595. Gerhardt, H.C, and J. Schul. 1999. A Gerhardt, H.C. 1983. Acoustic communication quantitative analysis of behavioral selectivity in treefrogs. Verhandlungen der Deutschen for pulse rise–time in the gray treefrog, Hyla Zoologischen Gesellschaft 76:25–35. versicolor. Journal of Comparative Gerhardt, H.C. 1986. Recognition of spectral Physiology A 185:33–40. patterns in the green treefrog: neurobiology Gerhardt, H.C., and M.A. Bee. 2007. and evolution. Experimental Biology Recognition and localization of acoustic 45:167–178. signals. Pp. 113–146 In A.S. Feng, P.M. Gerhardt, H.C. 1987. Evolutionary and Narins, R.R. Fay, and A.N. Popper (eds.), neurobiological implications of selective Hearing and Sound Communication in phonotaxis in the green treefrog, Hyla Amphibians. Springer Handbook of Auditory cinerea. Animal Behaviour 35:1479–1489. Research. Springer, New York. Gerhardt, H.C. 1991. Female mate choice in Gerhardt, H.C., S.I. Guttman, and A.A. Karlin. treefrogs: static and dynamic acoustic 1980. Natural hybrids between Hyla cinerea criteria. Animal Behaviour 42:615–635. and Hyla gratiosa: morphology, Gerhardt, H.C. 1994. The evolution of vocalization and electrophoretic analysis. vocalization in frogs and toads. Annual Copeia 1980:577–584. Review of Ecology and Systematics 25: Gerhardt, H.C., R.E. Daniel, S.A. Perrill, and 293–324. S. Schramm. 1987. Mating behaviour and Gerhardt, H.C. 2001. Acoustic communication male mate success in the green treefrog. in two groups of closely related treefrogs. Animal Behaviour 35:1490–1503. Advances in the Study of Behavior 30:99– Gerhardt, H.C., B. Diekamp, and M. Ptacek. 167. 1989. Inter–male spacing in choruses of the Gerhardt, H.C., and K.M. Mudry. 1980. spring peeper, Pseudacris (Hyla) crucifer. Temperature effects of frequency preferences Animal Behaviour 38:1012–1024. 108

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Gerhardt, H.C., S. Allan, and J.J. Schwartz. Gerow, K., N.C. Cline, D.E. Swann, and M. 1990. Female green treefrogs (Hyla cinerea) Pokorny. 2010. Estimating annual vertebrate do not selectively respond to signals with a mortality on roads at , harmonic structure in noise. Journal of Arizona. Human–Wildlife Interactions Comparative Physiology A 166:791–794. 4:283–292. Gerhardt, H.C., M.B. Ptacek, L. Barnett, and Gets, L.L. 1958. The winter activities of Rana K.G. Torke. 1994. Hybridization in the clamitans tadpoles. Copeia 1958:219. diploid–tetraploid treefrogs Hyla chrysoscelis Ghioca, D.M. 2005. Effect of landuse on larval and Hyla versicolor. Copeia 1994:51–59. amphibian communities in playa wetlands of Gerhardt, H.C., M.L. Dyson, and S.D. Tanner. the Southern High Plains. Ph.D. 1996. Dynamic properties of the dissertation,Texas Tech University, Lubbock. advertisement calls of gray tree frogs: Ghioca, D.M., and L.M. Smith. 2007. Biases in patterns of variability and female choice. trapping larval amphibians in Playa wetlands. Behavioral Ecology 7: 7–18. Journal of Wildlife Management 71:991–995. Gerhardt, H.C, S.D. Tanner, C.M. Corrigan, Ghioca–Robrecht, D.M., and L.M. Smith. and H.C. Walton. 2000. Female preference 2011. The role of spadefoot toad tadpoles in functions based on call duration in the gray wetland trophic structure as influenced by tree frog (Hyla versicolor). Behavioral environmental and morphological factors. Ecology 11:663–669. Canadian Journal of Zoology 89: 47–59. Gerhardt, H.C., C.C. Martínez–Rivera, J.J. Ghioca–Robrecht, D.M., L. M. Smith, and L. Schwartz, V.T. Marshall, and C.G. Murphy. D. Densmore. 2009. Ecological correlates of 2007. Preferences based on spectral trophic polyphenism in spadefoot tadpoles differences in acoustic signals in four species inhabiting playas. Canadian Journal of of treefrogs (Anura: Hylidae). Journal of Zoology 87: 229–238. Experimental Biology 210:2990–2998. Gibbons, J.W., and D.H. Bennett. 1974. Gerlanc, N.M. 1999. Effects of breeding pool Determination of anuran terrestrial activity permanence on developmental rate of patterns by a drift fence. Copeia 1974:236– western chorus frogs, Pseudacris triseriata, 243. in tallgrass prairie. M.S. thesis, Kansas State Gibbons, J.W., and J.W. Coker. 1978. University, Manhattan. Herpetofaunal colonization patterns of Gerlanc, N.M., and G.A. Kaufman. 2003. Use Atlantic Coast barrier islands. American of wallows by anurans on Konza Midland Naturalist 99:219–233. Prairie. American Midland Naturalist Gibbons, J.W., and J.R. Harrison III. 1981. 150:158–168. Reptiles and amphibians of Kiawah and Gerlanc, N.M., and G.A. Kaufman. 2005. Capers Islands, South Carolina. Brimleyana Habitat of origin and changes in water 5:145–162. chemistry influence development of western Gibbons, J.W., and R.D. Semlitsch. 1982. chorus frogs. Journal of Herpetology 39:254– Terrestrial drift fences with pitfall traps: an 265. effective technique for quantitative sampling Germaine, S.S., and D.W. Hays. 2009. of animal populations. Brimleyana 7:1–16. Distribution and postbreeding environmental Gibbons, J.W., and R.D. Semlitsch. 1991. relationships of northern leopard frogs (Rana Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of the [Lithobates] pipiens) in Washington. Western Savannah River Site. University of Georgia North American Naturalist 69:537–547. Press, Athens. 109

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Gibbons, J.W., V.J. Burke, J.E. Lovich, R.D. North America. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Semlitsch, T.D. Tuberville, J.R. Bodie, J.L. Florida. Greene, P.H. Niewiarowski, H.H. Whiteman, Gibbs, J.P., K.K. Whiteleather, and F.W. D.E. Scott, J.H.K. Pechmann, C.R. Harrison, Schueler. 2005. Changes in frog and toad S.H. Bennett, J.D. Krenz, M.S. Mills, K.A. populations over 30 years in New York Buhlmann, J.R. Lee, R.A. Seigel, A.D. State. Ecological Applications 15:1148– Tucker, T.M. Mills, T. Lamb, M.E. Dorcas, 1157. J.D. Congdon, M.H. Smith, D.H. Nelson, Gibbs, J.P., A.R. Breisch, P.K. Ducey, G. M.B. Dietsch, H.G. Hanlin, J.A. Ott, and D.J. Johnson, J.L. Behler, and R.C. Bothner. Karapatakis. 1997. Perceptions of species 2007. The Amphibians and Reptiles of abundance, distribution, and diversity: New York State. Oxford University Press, lessons from four decades of sampling on a Oxford, UK. government–managed reserve. Gibbs, R.H., Jr. 1957. The chorus frog, Environmental Management 21:259–268. Pseudacris nigrita, at Plattsburgh, New Gibbons, J.W., C.T. Winne, D.E. Scott, J.D. York. Copeia 1957:311–312. Willson, X. Glaudas, K.M. Andrews, B.D. Gilbert, M., R. Leclair, Jr., and R. Fortin. 1994. Todd, L.A. Fedewa, L. Wilkinson, R.N. Reproduction of the northern leopard frog Tsaliagos, S.J. Harper, J.L. Greene, T. (Rana pipiens) in floodplain habitat in the Tuberville, B.S. Metts, M.E. Dorcas, J.P. Richelieu River, P. Quebec, Canada. Journal Nestor, C.A. Young, T. Akre, R.N. Reed, of Herpetology 28:465–470. K.A. Buhlman, J. Norman, D.A. Croshaw, C. Gilbert, P.W. 1942. Abnormally inflated lymph Hagen, and B.B. Rothermel. 2006. sacs in the wood frog. Copeia 1942:177. Remarkable amphibian biomass and Gilbertson, M.–K. 2001. Pesticide–induced abundance in an isolated wetland: immunosuppression in northern leopard frogs implications for wetland conservation. (Rana pipiens). Ph.D. dissertation, University Conservation Biology 20:1457–1465. of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario. Gibbs, E.L., G.W. Nace, and M.B. Emmons. Gilbertson, M.–K., G.D. Haffner, K.G. 1971. The live frog is almost dead. Drouillard, A. Albert, and B. Dixon. 2003. Bioscience 21:1027–1034. Immunosuppression in the northern leopard Gibbs, J.P. 1998a. Amphibian movements in frog (Rana pipiens) induced by pesticide response to forest edges, roads, and exposure. Environmental Toxicology and streambeds in southern New England. Chemistry 22:101–110. Journal of Wildlife Management 62:584–589. Gilhen, J. 1984. Amphibians and Reptiles of Gibbs, J.P. 1998b. Distribution of woodland Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax. amphibians along a forest fragmentation Gillilland, M. G., III, and P. M. Muzzall. 1999. gradient. Landscape Ecology 13:263–268. Helminths infecting froglets of the northern Gibbs, J.P., and W.G. Shriver. 2005. Can road leopard frog (Rana pipiens) from Foggy mortality limit populations of pond–breeding Bottom Marsh, Michigan. Journal of the amphibians? Wetlands, Ecology & Helminthological Society of Washington Management 13:281–289. 66:73–77. Gibbs, J.P., and J.M. Reed. 2008. Population Gillis, J.E. 1975. Characterization of a and genetic linkages of vernal pool–breeding hybridizing complex of leopard frogs. Ph.D. amphibians. Pp. 149–167 In A.J.K. Calhoun dissertation, Colorado State University, Fort and P. deMaynadier (eds.). Science and Collins. Conservation of Vernal Pools in Northeastern Gillis, J.E. 1979. Adaptive differences in the 110

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water economies of two species of leopard 27:447–452. frogs from eastern Colorado (Amphibia, Given, M.F. 1996. Intensity modulation of Anura, Ranidae). Journal of Herpetology advertisement calls in Bufo woodhousii 13:445–450. fowleri. Copeia 1996:970–977. Gilmore, R.J. 1924. Notes on the life history Given, M.F. 1999a. Distribution records of and feeding habits of the spadefoot toad of Rana virgatipes and associated anuran the western plains. Colorado College species along Maryland’s Eastern Shore. Publication, Science Series 13:1–12. Herpetological Review 30:144–146. Girard, C. 1854. A list of the North American Given, M.F. 1999b. Frequency alteration of the bufonids, with diagnoses of new species. advertisement call in the carpenter frog, Rana Proceedings of the Academy of Natural virgatipes. Herpetologica 55:304–317. Sciences of Philadelphia 7:86–88. Given, M.F. 2002. Interrelationships among Girard, C. 1855. Abstract of a report to calling effort, growth rate, and chorus tenure Lieutenant James McGillis, U.S.N., upon the in Bufo fowleri. Copeia 2002:979–987. reptiles collected during the U.S.N. Given, M.F. 2005. Vocalizations and Astronomical Expedition to Chili. reproductive behavior of male pickerel frogs, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Rana palustris. Journal of Herpetology Sciences of Philadelphia 7:226–227. 39:223–233. Girard, C. 1859. In S.F. Baird, Reptiles of the Given, M.F. 2008. Does physical or acoustical Boundary. United States and Mexican disturbance cause male pickerel frogs, Rana Boundary Survey, under the order of Lieut. palustris, to vocalize underwater? Amphibia– Col. W.H. Emory. United States Government Reptilia 29:177–184. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Glaser, H.S.R. 1970. The distribution of Given, M.F. 1987. Vocalizations and acoustic amphibians and reptiles on Riverside County, interactions of the carpenter frog, Rana California. Riverside Museum Press, Natural virgatipes. Herpetologica 43:467–481. History Series No. 1, 40 pp. Given, M.F. 1988a. Growth rate and the cost of Glass, B.P. 1946. A new Hyla from south calling activity in male carpenter frogs, Rana Texas. Herpetologica 3:101–103. virgatipes. Behavioral Ecology and Gleason, R.L., and T.H. Craig. 1979. Food Sociobiology 22:153–160. habits of burrowing owls in southeastern Given, M.F. 1988b. Territoriality and Idaho. Great Basin Naturalist 39:274–276. aggressive interactions of male carpenter Glennemeier, K.A., and L.J. Begnoche. 2002. frogs, Rana virgatipes. Copeia 1988:411– Organochlorine contamination on amphibian 421. populations in southwestern Michigan. Given, M.F. 1990. Spatial distribution and Journal of Herpetology 36:233–244. vocal interaction in Rana clamitans and R. Glennemeier, K.A., and R.J. Denver. 2002. virgatipes. Journal of Herpetology 24:377– Role for corticoids in mediating the response 382. of Rana pipiens tadpoles to intraspecific Given, M.F. 1993a. Male response to female competition. Journal of Experimental vocalizations in the carpenter frog, Rana Zoology 292:32–40. virgatipes. Animal Behaviour 46:1139– Glista, D.J, T.L. DeVault, and J.A. DeWoody. 1149. 2008. Vertebrate road mortality Given, M.F. 1993b. Vocal interactions in Bufo predominantly impacts amphibians. woodhousii fowleri. Journal of Herpetology Herpetological Conservation and Biology 111

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3:77–87. the Bufo boreas species group. Pp. 210–221 Glooschenko, V., W.F. Weller, P.G.R. Smith, In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian Declines. R. Alvo, and J.H.G. Archbold. 1992. The Conservation Status of United States Amphibian distribution with respect to pond Species. University of California Press, water chemistry near Sudbury, Ontario. Berkeley. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Goebel, A.M., T.A. Ranker, P.S. Corn, and Science 49 (Suppl. 1):114–121. R.G. Olmstead. 2009. Mitochondrial DNA Glorioso, B.M., J.H. Waddle, M.E. Crockett, evolution in the Anaxyrus boreas species K.G. Rice, and H.F. Percival. 2012. Diet of group. Molecular Phylogenetics and the invasive Cuban Treefrog (Osteopilus Evolution 50:209–225. septentrionalis) in pine rockland and Goin, C.J. 1938. A large chorus of Hyla mangrove habitats in South Florida. gratiosa. Copeia 1938:48. Caribbean Journal of Science 46:346–355. Goin, C.J. 1943. The lower vertebrate fauna of Gloyd, H.K. 1937. A herpetological the water hyacinth community in northern consideration of faunal areas in southern Florida. Proceedings of the Florida Academy Arizona. Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of of Sciences 6:143–154. Sciences 5:79–136. Goin, C.J. 1944. Eleutherodactylus ricordii at Gloyd, H.K., and R. Conant. 1990. Snakes of Jacksonville, Florida. Copeia 1944:192. the Agkistrodon Complex. A Monographic Goin, C.J. 1947a. A note on the food of Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians Heterodon simus. Copeia 1947:275. and Reptiles, Contributions in Herpetology Goin, C.J. 1947b. Studies on the life history of No. 6. Eleutherodactylus ricordii planirostris Goater, C.P., and R.E. Vandenbos. 1997. (Cope) in Florida. University of Florida Effects of larval history and lungworm Studies, Biological Science Series 4:1–66. infection on the growth and survival of Goin, C.J. 1948. The peep order in peepers: a juvenile wood frogs (Rana sylvatica). swamp water serenade. Quarterly Journal of Herpetologica 53:331–338. the Florida Academy of Science 11:59–61. Goater, C.P., M. Mulvey, and G.W. Esch. Goin, C.J. 1950. Color pattern inheritance in 1990. Electrophoretic differentiation of two some frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus. Halipegus (Trematoda: Hemiuridae) Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of Sciences congeners in an amphibian population. 9:1–13. Journal of Parasitology 76:431–434. Goin, C.J., and M.G. Netting. 1940. A new Godley, J.S., R.W. McDiarmid, and G.T. gopher frog from the Gulf Coast, with Bancroft. 1981. Large–scale operations comments upon the Rana areolata group. management test of use of the White Amur Annals of the Carnegie Museum 28:137–168. for control of problem aquatic plants. Report Goin, C.J., and O.B. Goin. 1953. Temporal 1, Volume 5. The herpetofauna of Lake variation in a small community of Conway, Florida. U.S. Army Corps of amphibians and reptiles. Ecology 34:406– Engineers, Technical Report A–78–2, 408. Waterways Experiment Station,Vicksburg, Goin, C.J., and O.B. Goin. 1957. Remarks on Mississippi. the behavior of the Squirrel Treefrog, Hyla Godwin, G.J., and S.M. Roble. 1983. Mating squirella. Annals of the Carnegie Museum success in male treefrogs, Hyla chrysoscelis 35:27–36. (Anura: Hylidae). Herpetologica 39:141–146. Goin, C.J., and L.H. Ogren. 1956. Parasitic Goebel, A.M. 2005. Conservation systematics: copepods (Argulidae) on amphibians. Journal 112

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of Parasitology 42:154. augusti) in the southwestern United States. Goin, O.B. 1955. The World Outside My Door. Herpetologica 60:312–320. Macmillan Press, New York. Goldberg, C.S., D.S. Pilliod, R.S. Arkle, and Goin, O.B. 1958. A comparison of the L.P. Waits. 2011. Molecular detection of nonbreeding habits of two treefrogs, Hyla vertebrates in stream waters: a demonstration squirella and Hyla cinerea. Quarterly Journal using Rocky Mountain tailed frogs and Idaho of the Florida Academy of Sciences 21:49– giant salamanders. PLoS One 6(7):e22746. 60. Goldberg, S.R., and C.R. Bursey. 1991a. Goin, O.B., and C.J. Goin. 1960. Return of the Helminths from the red–spotted toad, Bufo toad, Bufo terrestris americanus, to the punctatus (Anura: Bufonidae), from breeding site. Herpetologica 16:276. southern Arizona. Journal of the Goldberg, C.S. 2002. Habitat, spatial Helminthological Society of Washington population structure, and methods for 58:267–269. monitoring barking frogs (Eleutherodactylus Goldberg, S.R., and C.R. Bursey. 1991b. augusti) in southern Arizona. M.S. thesis, Helminths of three toads, Bufo alvarius, Bufo University of Arizona, Tucson. cognatus (Bufonidae), and Scaphiopus Goldberg, C.S., and C.R. Schwalbe. 2004a. couchii (Pelobatidae),from southern Arizona. Habitat use and spatial structure of a barking Journal of the Helminthological Society of frog (Eleutherodactylus augusti) population Washington 58:142–146. in southeastern Arizona. Journal of Goldberg, S.R., and C.R. Bursey. 1996. Herpetology 38:305–312. Helminths of the oak toad (Bufo quercicus, Goldberg, C.S., and C.R. Schwalbe. 2004b. Bufonidae) from Florida (USA). Alytes Considerations for monitoring a rare anuran 14:122–126. (Eleutherodactylus augusti). Southwestern Goldberg, S.R., and C.R. Bursey. 2001a. Naturalist 49:442–448. Helminths of the California treefrog, Hyla Goldberg, C.S., and L.P. Waits. 2009. Using cadaverina (Hylidae) from southern habitat models to determine conservation California. Bulletin of the Southern priorities for pond–breeding amphibians in a California Academy of Sciences 100:117– privately–owned landscape of northern 122. Idaho, USA. Biological Conservation Goldberg, S.R., and C.R. Bursey. 2001b. 142:1096–1104. Persistence of the nematode Ozwaldocruzia Goldberg, C.S., and L.P. Waits. 2010. pipiens (Molineidae), in the Pacific treefrog, Comparative landscape genetics of two Hyla regilla (Hylidae), from California. pond–breeding amphibian species in a highly Bulletin of the Southern California modified agricultural area. Molecular Academy of Sciences 100:44–50. Ecology 19:3650–3663. Goldberg, S.R., and C.R. Bursey. 2002a. Goldberg, C.S., K.J. Field, and M.J. Sredl. Helminths of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana 2004a. Mitochondrial DNA sequences do not (Ranidae), in California with revisions to support species status of the Ramsey Canyon the California anuran helminth list. Bulletin leopard frog (Rana subaquavocalis). Journal of the Southern California Academy of of Herpetology 38:313–319. Sciences 101:118–130. Goldberg, C.S., B.K. Sullivan, J.H. Malone, Goldberg, S.R., and C.R. Bursey. 2002b. and C.R. Schwalbe. 2004b. Divergence Helminths of the Plains spadefoot, Spea among barking frogs (Eleutherodactylus bombifrons, the western spadefoot, Spea 113

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hammondii, and the Great Basin spadefoot, Goldberg, S.R., C.R. Bursey, and S. Spea intermontana (Pelobatidae). Western Hernandez. 1999a. Helminths of the western North American Naturalist 62:491–495. toad, Bufo boreas (Bufonidae) from Goldberg, S.R., and C.R. Bursey. 2005. southern California. Bulletin of the Southern Scaphiopus couchii (Couch’s Spadefoot). California Academy of Sciences 98:39–44. Endoparasites. Herpetological Review Goldberg, S.R., C.R. Bursey, and G. Galindo. 36:165–166. 1999b. Helminths of the lowland burrowing Goldberg, S.R., C.R. Bursey, and I. Ramos. treefrog, Pternohyla fodiens (Hylidae), from 1995. The component parasite community of southern Arizona. Great Basin Naturalist three sympatric toad species, Bufo cognatus, 59:195–197. Bufo debilis (Bufonidae), and Spea Goldberg, S.R., C.R. Bursey, and J.E. Platz. multiplicata (Pelobatidae)from New Mexico. 2000. Helminths of the plains leopard frog, Journal of the Helminological Society of Rana blairi (Ranidae). Southwestern Washington 62:57–61. Naturalist 45:362–366. Goldberg, S.R., C.R. Bursey, B.K. Sullivan, Goldberg, S.R., C.R. Bursey, R.G. McKinnell, and Q.A. Truong. 1996a. Helminths of the and I.S. Tan. 2001. Helminths of northern Sonoran green toad, Bufo retiformis leopard frogs, Rana pipiens (Ranidae), from (Bufonidae), from southern Arizona. Journal North Dakota and South Dakota. Western of the Helminthological Society of North American Naturalist 61:248–251. Washington 63:120–122. Goldberg, S.R., C.R. Bursey, and C. Wong. Goldberg, S.R., C.R. Bursey, K.B. Malmos, 2002. Helminths of the western chorus frog B.K. Sullivan, and H. Cheam. 1996b. from eastern Alberta, Canada. Northwest Helminths of the southestern toad, Bufo Science 76:77–79. microscaphus, Woodhouse’s toad, Bufo Goldberg, S.R., C.R. Bursey, N. Nieto, and J. woodhousii (Bufonidae), and their hybrids Bettaso. 2004. Rana aurora (Northern Red– from central Arizona. Great Basin Naturalist legged Frog). Endoparasites. Herpetological 56:369–374. Review 35:161–162. Goldberg, S.R., C.R. Bursey, E.W.A. Gergus, Golden, D.M., and J.D. Kleopfer. 2011. B.K. Sullivan, and Q.A. Truong. 1996c. Scaphiopus holbrookii (Eastern Spadefoot). Helminths of three treefrogs Hyla Locomotion. Herpetological Review 42:263. arenicolor, Hyla wrightorum, and Pseudacris Golden, D.R., G.R. Smith, and J.E. Rettig. triseriata (Hylidae) from Arizona. Journal of 2001. Effects of age and group size on habitat Parasitology 82:833–835. selection and activity level in Rana pipiens Goldberg, S.R., C. R. Bursey, and H. Cheam. tadpoles. Herpetological Journal 11:69–73. 1998a. Helminths in two native frog species Goldsworthy, M.O. 2007. Ascaphus truei (Rana chiricahuensis, Rana yavapaiensis) (Tailed Frog). Nest site. Herpetological and one introduced frog species (Rana Review 38:68–69. catesbeiana) (Ranidae) from Arizona. Gomez, D.M., and R.G. Anthony. 1996. Journal of Parasitology 84:175–177. Amphibian and reptile abundance in riparian Goldberg, S.R., C.R. Bursey, and H. Cheam. and upslope areas of five forest types in 1998b. of the Great Plains western Oregon. Northwest Science 70:109– narrow–mouthed toad, Gastrophryne 119. olivacea (Microhylidae), from southern Gomez–Mestre, I., and D.R. Buchholz. 2006. Arizona. Journal of the Helminthological Developmental plasticity mirrors differences Society of Washington 65:102–104. among taxa in spadefoot toads linking 114

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plasticity and diversity. Proceedings of the skins of the North American frogs Rana National Academy of Sciences, USA luteiventris, Rana berlandieri and Rana 103:19021–19026. pipiens. European Journal of Biochemistry Gonsolin, T.E. 2010. Ecology of Foothill 267:894–900. Yellow–legged Frogs in Upper Gordon, K. 1939. The amphibia and reptilia of Creek, Santa Clara County, CA. M.S. thesis, Oregon. Oregon State Monographs, Studies San Jose State University, San Jose, in Zoology No. 1. California. Gordon, R.E. 1955. Additional remarks on Gonzalez, S.M. 2004. Biological indicators of albinism in Microhyla carolinensis. wetland health: comparing qualitative and Herpetologica 11:240. quantitative vegetation measures with anuran Gorham, S.W. 1963. The comparative number measures. M.S. thesis, University of South of species of amphibians in Canada and other Florida, Tampa. countries III. Summary of species of anurans. Goodman, B.A., and P.T.J. Johnson. 2011. Canadian Field–Naturalist 77:13–48. Ecomorphology and disease: cryptic effects Gorham, S.W. 1964. Notes on the amphibians of parasitism on host habitat use, of Browns Flat Area, New Brunswick. thermoregulation, and predator avoidance. Canadian Field–Naturalist 78:154–160. Ecology 92:542–548. Gorham, S.W. 1970. The Amphibians and Goodman, J.D. 1989. Langeronia brenesi n. sp. Reptiles of New Brunswick. New Brunswick (Trematoda: Lecithodendriidae) in the Museum, Monographic Series No. 6. mountain yellow–legged frog Rana Gorham, S.W. 1974. Checklist of World muscosa from southern California. Amphibians/Listedes Amphibiens du Monde. Transactions of the American Microscopical The New Brunswick Museum, Saint John, Society 108:387–393. New Brunswick. Goodman, R.M., and Y.T. Ararso. 2012. Gorman, J. 1960. Treetoad studies, 1. Hyla Survey of ranavirus and the fungus californiae, new species. Herpetologica Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in frogs of 16:214–222. central Virginia, USA. Herpetological Gorman, R.R., and J.H. Ferguson. 1970. Sun– Review 43:78–80. compass orientation in the Western toad, Goodsell, J.A., and L.B. Kats. 1999. Effect of Bufo boreas. Herpetologica 26:34–45. introduced mosquitofish on Pacific treefrogs Gorman, T.A. 2009. Ecology of two rare and the role of alternate prey. Conservation amphibians of the Gulf Coastal Plain. Ph.D. Biology 13:921–924. dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute Goodyear, C.P. 1971. Y–axis orientation of the and State University, Blacksburg. oak toad, Bufo quercicus. Herpetologica Gorman, T.A., and C.A. Haas. 2011. Seasonal 27:320–323. microhabitat selection and use of syntopic Goodyear, C.P., and R. Altig. 1971. populations of Lithobates okaloosae and Orientation of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) clamitans. Journal during metamorphosis. Copeia 1971:362– of Herpetology 45:313–318. 364. Gorman, T.A., and C.A. Haas. 2012. Tadpole Goraya, J., Y. Wang, Z. Li, M. O’Flaherty, competition: the influence of a common F.C. Knoop, J.E. Platz, and J.M. Conlon. tadpole on the growth of a rare congener. 2000. Peptides with antimicrobial activity Florida Scientist 75:11–24. from four different families isolated from the Gorman, T.A., D.C. Bishop, and C.A. Haas. 115

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2009. Spatial interactions between two development in New Jersey Hylidae. Copeia species of frogs: Rana okaloosae and R. 1957:31–36. clamitans clamitans. Copeia 2009:138–141. Gosner, K.L., and I.H. Black. 1958a. Notes on Gorman, T.A., J.A. Austin, and C.A. Haas. the life history of Brimley’s chorus frog. 2012. Conservation of the Florida bog frog, Herpetologica 13:249–254. one of North America’s rarest amphibians. Gosner, K.L., and I.H. Black. 1958b. Notes on Froglog (102):24–25. larval toads in the with Gorman, W.L. 1986. Patterns of color special reference to natural hybridization. polymorphism in the cricket frog, Acris Herpetologica 14:133–140. crepitans, in Kansas. Copeia 1986:995–999. Gosner, K.L., and D.A. Rossman. 1959. Gorman, W.L. 1983. Patterns of genic variation Observations on the reproductive cycle of the in the cricket frog, Acris crepitans, in swamp chorus frog, Pseudacris nigrita. Kansas. Ph.D. dissertation University of Copeia 1959:263–266. Kansas, Lawrence. Gosner, K.L., and D.A. Rossman. 1960. Eggs Gorman, W.L., and M.S. Gaines. 1987. and larval development of the treefrogs Hyla Patterns of genetic variation in the cricket crucifer and Hyla ocularis. Herpetologica frog, Acris crepitans, in Kansas. Copeia 16:225–232. 1987:352–360. Gossling, J.,W.J. Loesche, and G.W. Nace. Gosner, K.L. 1956. Experimental hybridization 1982. Large intestine bacteria flora of between two North American tree frogs. nonhibernating and hibernating leopard frogs Herpetologica 12:285–289. (Rana pipiens). Applied and Environmental Gosner, K.L. 1959. Systematic variations in Microbiology 44:59–66. tadpole teeth with notes on food. Gould, W.R., D.A. Patla, R. Daley, P.S. Corn, Herpetologica 15:203–210. B.R. Hossack, R. Bennetts and C.R. Gosner, K.L. 1960. A simplified table for Peterson. 2012. Estimating occupancy in staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes large landscapes: evaluation of amphibian on identification. Herpetologica 16:183–190. monitoring in the Greater Yellowstone Gosner, K.L., and I.H. Black. 1954. Larval Ecosystem. Wetlands 32:379–389. development in Bufo woodhousei fowleri and Govindarajulu, P. 2004. Introduced bullfrogs Scaphiopus holbrooki holbrooki. Copeia (Rana catesbeiana) in British Columbia: 1954:251–255. impacts on native Pacific treefrogs (Hyla Gosner, K.L., and I.H. Black. 1955. The effects regilla) and red–legged frogs (Rana aurora). of temperature and moisture on the Ph.D. dissertation University of Victoria, reproductive cycle of Scaphiopus h. Victoria, British Columbia. holbrooki. American Midland Naturalist Govindarajulu, P., R. Altwegg, and B.R. 54:192–203. Anholt. 2005. Matrix model investigation of Gosner, K.L., and I.H. Black. 1956. Notes on invasive species control: bullfrogs on amphibians from the upper Coastal Plain of Vancouver Island. Ecological Applications North Carolina. Journal of the Elisha 15:2161–2170. Mitchell Scientific Society 72:40–47. Govindarajulu, P., W.S. Price, and B.R. Gosner, K.L., and I.H. Black. 1957a. The Anholt. 2006. Introduced bullfrogs (Rana effects of acidity on the development and catesbeiana) in Canada: has their ecology hatching of New Jersey frogs. Ecology diverged? Journal of Herpetology 40:249– 38:256–262. 260. Gosner, K.L., and I.H. Black. 1957b. Larval Graber, R.R., J.W. Graber, and E.L. Kirk. 116

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1973. Illinois birds: Laniidae. Illinois Natural toads, part 2—conclusion. Massachusetts History Survey, Biological Note 83, 18 pp. Wildlife 29(6):12–19. Gradwell, N. 1973. On the functional Granatosky, M.C., and K.L. Krysko. 2011. morphology of suction and gill irrigation in Ontogenetic behavioral shifts in habitat the tadpole of Ascaphus, and notes on utilization of treefrogs (Hylidae) in north– hibernation. Herpetologica 29:84–93. central Florida. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians Graeter, G.J. 2005. Habitat selection and 18:194–201. movement patterns of amphibians in altered Granatosky, M.C., L.M. Wagner, and K.L. forest habitats. M.S. thesis, University of Krysko. 2011. Osteopilus septentrionalis Georgia, Athens. (Cuban Treefrog). Prey. Herpetological Graeter, G.J., B.B. Rothermel, and J.W. Review 42:90. Gibbons. 2008. Habitat selection and Granoff, A. 1969. Viruses of amphibia. Current movement of pond–breeding amphibians in Topics in Microbiology and Immunology experimentally fragmented pine forests. 50:107–137. Journal of Wildlife Management 72:473–482. Granoff, A., P.E. Came, and K.A. Rafferty. Grafe, U. 1997. Use of metabolic substrates in 1965. The isolation and properties of viruses the gray treefrog Hyla versicolor: from Rana pipiens: their possible implications for calling behavior. Copeia relationship to the renal adenocarcinoma of 1997:356–362. the leopard frog. Annals of the New York Graham, C., S.C. Richter, S. McClean, Academy of Science 126:237–255. E.O’Kane, P.R. Flatt, and C. Shaw. 2006. Grant, E.H.C., I. Chellman, P. Nanjappa, and Histamine– releasing and antimicrobial R.E. Jung. 2004. Rana spp. (Multiple Ranid peptides from the skin secretions of the dusky Species). Hibernacula. Herpetological gopher frog, Rana sevosa. Peptides 27:1313– Review 35:262–263. 1319. Grant, J. 1961. The tailed toad in southeastern Graham, S.P. 2009. Acris gryllus (Southern British Columbia. Canadian Field–Naturalist Cricket Frog). Predation. Herpetological 75:165. Review 40:198. Grant, J.B. 2001. Rana palustris (Pickerel Graham, S.P. 2010. Geographic distribution. Frog). Production of odor. Herpetological Pseudacris brachyphona (Mountain Chorus Review 32:183. Frog). Herpetological Review 41:241. Grant, K.P., and L.E. Licht. 1993. Acid Graham, S.P., E.K. Timpe, and L. Giovanetto. tolerance of anuran embryos and larvae from 2007. Significant new records for Georgia central Ontario. Journal of Herpetology 27:1– herpetofauna. Herpetological Review 6. 38:494–495. Grant, K.P., and L.E. Licht. 1995. Effects of Graham, S. P., D. A. Steen, R. D. Birkhead, ultraviolet radiation on life–history stages of and C. Guyer. 2012. The amphibians and anurans from Ontario, Canada. Canadian reptiles of Tuskegee National Forest, Journal of Zoology 73:2292–2301. Macon County, Alabama. Alabama Museum Grasso, R.L., R.M. Coleman, and C. Davidson. of Natural History Bulletin 29:1–59. 2010. Palatability and antipredator response Graham, T.E. 1978. Massachusetts frogs and of Yosemite toads (Anaxyrus canorus) to toads, part 1. Massachusetts Wildlife nonnative trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the 29(5):12–14. Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. Graham, T.E. 1978. Massachusetts frogs and Copeia 2010:457–462. 117

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Gratwicke, B., T.E. Lovejoy, and D.E. Wildt. of land use on postmetamorphic body size of 2012. Will amphibians croak under the playa lake amphibians. Journal of Wildlife EndangeredSpecies Act? Bioscience 62:197– Management 69: 515–524. 202. Gray, M.J., L.M. Smith, and R.I. Leyva. 2004a. Gravel, M., M.J. Mazerolle, and M.–A. Villard. Influence of agricultural landscape on a 2012. Interactive effects of roads and weather Southern High Plains, USA, amphibian on juvenile amphibian movements. assemblage. Landscape Ecology 19:719–729. Amphibia–Reptilia 33: 113–127. Gray, M.J., L.M. Smith, and R. Brenes. 2004b. Graves, B.M., and S.H. Anderson. 1987. Effects of agricultural cultivation on Habitat Suitability Index Models. Bullfrog. demographics of Southern High Plains U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological amphibians. Conservation Biology 18:1368– Report 82(10.138), 22 pp. 1377. Graves, B.M., and J.J. Krupa. 2005. Bufo Gray, M.J., D.L. Miller, A.C. Schmutzer, and cognatus Say, 1823. Great Plains Toad. Pp. C.A. Baldwin. 2007a. Frog Virus 3 401–404 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian prevalence in tadpole populations inhabiting Declines. The Conservation Status of United cattle–access and non–access wetlands in States Species. University of California Tennessee. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Press, Berkeley. 77:97–103. Graves, B.M., C.H. Summers, and K.L. Gray, M.J., S. Rajeev, D.L. Miller, A.C. Olmstead. 1993. Sensory mediation of Schmutzer, E.C. Burton, E.D. Rogers, and aggregation among postmetamorphic Bufo G.J. Hickling. 2007b. Preliminary evidence cognatus. Journal of Herpetology 27:315– that American Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) 319. are suitable hosts for Escherichia coli Gray, B.S., and M. Lethaby. 2010. O157:H7. Applied and Environmental Observations of limb abnormalities in Microbiology 73:4066–4068. amphibians from Erie County, Pennsylvania. Gray, M.J., L.M. Smith, D.L. Miller, and C.R. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 35:14–16. Bursey. 2007c. Influences of agricultural land Gray, E.P., S. Nunziata, J.W. Snodgrass, D.R. use on Clinostomum attenuatum Ownby, and J.E. Havel. 2010. Predation on metacercariae prevalence in Southern Great green frog eggs (Rana clamitans) by Plains amphibians, U.S.A. Herpetological ostracoda. Copeia 2010:452–456. Conservation and Biology 2:23–28. Gray, I.E. 1941. Amphibians and reptiles of the Gray, M.J., D.L. Miller, and J.T. Hoverman. Duke Forest and vicinity. American Midland 2009. Ecology and pathology of amphibian Naturalist 25:652–658. ranaviruses. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Gray, L.A. 1992. Larval growth and age at 87:243–266. completion of metamorphosis of the tailed Gray, M.J., D.L. Miller, and J.T. Hoverman. frog, Ascaphus truei. M.S. thesis. Central 2012. Reliability of non–lethal surveillance Washington University, Ellensburg, methods for detecting ranavirus infection. Washington. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 99:1–6. Gray, M.J. 2002. Effect of anthropogenic Gray, P., and E. Stegall. 1986. Distribution and disturbance and landscape structure on body status of Strecker’s chorus frog (Pseudacris size, demographics, and chaotic dynamics of streckeri streckeri) in Kansas. Transactions Southern High Plains amphibians. Ph.D. of the Kansas Academy of Science 89:81–85. dissertation,Texas Tech University, Lubbock. Gray, R.H. 1971. Fall activity and Gray, M. J., and L. M. Smith. 2005. Influence overwintering of the cricket frog, Acris 118

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crepitans, in central Illinois. Copeia of Bufonid frogs and tests of alternate 1971:748–750. macroevolutionary hypotheses characterizing Gray, R.H. 1972. Metachrosis of the vertebral their radiation. Zoological Journal of the stripe in the cricket frog, Acris crepitans. Linnean Society 119:297–338. American Midland Naturalist 87:549–551. Greckhamer, A. 1992a. Bermerkungen uber die Gray, R.H. 1977. Lack of physiological Zucht des amerikanischen Laubfrosches Hyla differentiation in three color morphs of the cinerea (Schneider, 1799). Herpetofauna cricket frog (Acris crepitans) in Illinois. 14:17–20. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Greckhamer, A. 1992b. Observations on the Science 70:73–79. breeding of the American green treefrog Hyla Gray, R.H. 1978. Nondifferential predation cinerea (Schneider, 1799). Nordisk susceptibility and behavioral selection in Herpetologisk Forening 35:82–85. three color morphs of Illinois cricket frogs, Green, D.E., and C. Kagarise Sherman. 2001. Acris crepitans. Transactions of the Illinois Diagnostic histological findings in Yosemite State Academy of Science 71:356–360. toads (Bufo canorus) from a die–off in the Gray, R.H. 1983. Seasonal, annual and 1970s. Journal of Herpetology 35:92–103. geographic variation in color morph Green, D.E., and E. Muths. 2005. Health frequencies of the cricket frog, Acris evaluation of amphibians in and near Rocky crepitans, in Illinois. Copeia 1983:300–311. Mountain National Park (Colorado, USA). Gray, R.H. 1984. Effective breeding size and Alytes 22:109–129. the adaptive significance of color Green, D.E., and C.K. Dodd, Jr. 2007. Presence polymorphism in the cricket frog (Acris of amphibian chytrid fungus crepitans) in Illinois, U.S.A. Amphibia– Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and other Reptilia 5:101–107. amphibian pathogens at warm–water fish Gray, R.H. 2000a. Historical occurrence of hatcheries in southeastern North America. malformations in the cricket frog, Acris Herpetological Conservation and Biology crepitans, in Illinois. Transactions of the 2:43–47. Illinois State Academy of Science 93:279– Green, D.E., K.A. Converse, and A.K. 284. Schrader. 2002. Epizootiology of sixty–four Gray, R.H. 2000b. Morphological amphibian morbidity and mortality events abnormalities in Illinois cricket frogs, Acris in the USA, 1996–2001. Annals of the New crepitans, 1968–1971. Journal of the Iowa York Academy of Science 969:232–339. Academy of Science 107:92–95. *Green, D.M. 1981a (1982). Mating call Gray, R.H., and L.E. Brown. 2005. Decline of characteristics of hybrid toads (Bufo northern cricket frogs (Acris crepitans). Pp. americanus x B. fowleri) at Long Point, 47–54 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology Declines. The Conservation Status of United 60:3293–3297. States Species. University of California Green, D.M. 1981b. Adhesion and the toe pads Press, Berkeley. of treefrogs. Copeia 1981:790–796. Graybeal, A. 1993. The phylogenetic utility of Green, D.M. 1981c. Theoretical analysis of cytochrome b: lessons from bufonid frogs. hybrid zones derived from an examination of Molecular and Phylogenetic Evolution two dissimilar zones of hybridization in 2:256–269. toads (genus Bufo). Ph.D. dissertation, Graybeal, A. 1997. Phylogenetic relationships University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario. 119

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Green, D.M. 1983. Allozyme variation through SSAR Herpetological Conservation 1:45–56. a clinal hybrid zone between the toads Bufo Green, D.M. 2003. The ecology of extinction: americanus and B. hemiophrys in population fluctuation and decline in southeastern Manitoba. Herpetologica 39:28– amphibians. Biological Conservation 40. 111:331–343. Green, D.M. 1984. Sympatric hybridization Green, D.M. 2005. Bufo americanus Holbrook, and allozyme variation in the toads Bufo 1836. American Toad. Pp. 386–390 In M.J. americanus and B. fowleri in southern Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian Declines. The Ontario. Copeia 1984:18–26. Conservation Status of United States Species. Green, D.M. 1985a. Differentiation in amount University of California Press, Berkeley. of centromeric heterochromatin between Green, D.M., and R.W. Campbell. 1984. The subspecies of the red–legged frog, Rana amphibians of British Columbia. British aurora. Copeia 1985:1071–1074. Columbia Provincial Museum, Handbook Green, D.M. 1985b. Biochemical identification No. 45. of red–legged frogs, Rana aurora draytoni Green, D.M., and D.M. Delisle. 1985. (Ranidae) at Duckwater, Nevada. Allotriploidy in natural hybrid frogs, Rana Southwestern Naturalist 30:614–616. chiricahuensis x R. pipiens, from Arizona: Green, D.M. 1985c. Natural hybrids between chromosomes and electrophoretic evidence. the frogs Rana cascadae and Rana pretiosa Journal of Herpetology 19:385–390. (Anura: Ranidae). Herpetologica 41:262– Green, D.M., and C. Pustowka. 1997. 267. Correlated morphological and allozyme Green, D.M. 1986a. Systematics and evolution variation in the hybridizing toads Bufo of western North American frogs allied to americanus and Bufo hemiophrys. Rana aurora and Rana boylii: karyological Herpetologica 53:218–228. evidence. Systematic Zoology 35:273–282. Green, D.M., and C. Parent. 2003. Variable and Green, D.M. 1986b. Systematics and evolution asymmetric introgression in a hybrid zone in of western North American frogs allied to the toads, Bufo americanus and Bufo Rana aurora and Rana boylii: electrophoretic fowleri. Copeia 2003:34–43. evidence. Systematic Zoology 35:283–296. Green, D.M., C.H. Daugherty, and J.P. Bogart. Green, D.M. 1989. Fowler’s toad, Bufo 1980. Karyology and systematic relationships woodhousii fowleri, in Canada: biology and of the tailed frog Ascaphus truei. population status. Canadian Field– Herpetologica 36:346–352. Naturalist 103:486–496. Green, D.M., A.O. Wasserman, and J.P. Green, D.M. 1992. Fowler’s toad (Bufo Bogart. 1981. Karyotypes of the frogs, Rana woodhousei fowleri) at Long Point, Ontario: septentrionalis and R. virgatipes. Copeia changing abundance and implications for 1981:879–882. conservation. Canadian Wildlife Service Green, D.M., T. F. Sharbel, J. Kearsley, and H. Occasional Paper No. 76:37–43. Kaiser. 1996. Postglacial range fluctuation, Green, D.M. 1996. The bounds of species: genetic subdivision and speciation in the hybridization in the Bufo americanus group western North American spotted frog of North American toads. Israel Journal of complex, Rana pretiosa. Evolution 50:374– Zoology 42:95–109. 390. Green, D.M. 1997. Temporal variation in Green, D.M., H. Kaiser, T.F. Sharbel, J. abundance and age structure in Fowler’s Kearsley, and K.R. McAllister. 1997. Cryptic Toads, Bufo fowleri, at Long Point, Ontario. species of spotted frogs, Rana pretiosa 120

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complex, in western North America. Copeia and amphibian communities to canopy gaps 1997:1–8. created by wind disturbance in the southern Green, D.M., A.R. Yagi, and S.E. Hamill. Appalachians. Forest Ecology and 2011. Recovery strategy for the Fowler's Management 148:135–144. Toad (Anaxyrus fowleri) in Ontario. Ontario Greenberg, C.H. 2001b. Spatio–temporal Recovery Strategy Series. Ontario Ministry dynamics of pond use and recruitment in of Natural Resources, Peterborough, Florida gopher frogs (Rana capito aesopus). Ontario. vi + 21pp. Journal of Herpetology 35:74–85. Green, N.B. 1938a. The eastern spadefoot toad, Greenberg, C.H., and G.W. Tanner. 2004. Scaphiopus holbrookii Harlan, in West Breeding pond selection and movement Virginia. Proceedings of the West Virginia patterns by eastern spadefoot toads Academy of Science 35:15–19. (Scaphiopus holbrookii) in relation to Green, N.B. 1938b. The breeding habits of weather and edaphic conditions. Journal of Pseudacris brachyphona (Cope) with a Herpetology 38:569–577. description of the eggs and tadpole. Copeia Greenberg, C.H., and G.W. Tanner. 2005a. 1938:79–82. Spatial and temporal ecology of eastern Green, N.B. 1948. The spade–foot toad, spadefoot toads on a Florida landscape. Scaphiopus h. holbrookii, breeding in Herpetologica 61:20–28. southern Ohio. Copeia 1948:65. Greenberg, C.H., and G.W. Tanner. 2005b. Green, N.B. 1952. A study of the life history of and continuity: the role of isolated Pseudacris brachyphona (Cope) in West ephemeral wetlands on amphibian Virginia with special reference to populations in xeric sand hills. Pp.79–90 In behavior and growth of marked individuals. W.E. Meshaka, Jr. and K.J. Babbitt (eds.), Ph.D. dissertation, The Ohio State Amphibians and Reptiles. Status and University, Columbus. Conservation in Florida. Krieger Publishing, Green, N.B. 1964. Postmetamorphic growth in Malabar, Florida. the mountain chorus frog, Pseudacris Greene, A.E. and W.C. Funk. 2009. Sexual brachyphona Cope. Proceedings of the West selection on morphology in an explosive Virginia Academy of Science 36:34–38. breeding amphibian, the Columbian spotted Green, N.B. 1969. The ratio of crescent and frog (Rana luteiventris). Journal of cruciform patterns in populations of the Herpetology 43:244–251. mountain chorus frog, Pseudacris Greenspan, S.E. 2011. Establishment of brachyphona, in West Virginia. Proceedings Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in anuran of the West Virginia Academy of Science epidermis and experimental transmission 41:142–144. from bullfrogs to wood frogs. M.S. thesis, Green, N.B., and B. Dowler. 1967. Amphibians University of Maine, Orono. and reptiles of the Little Kanawha River Greenspan, S.E., J.L. Longcore, and A.J.K. basin. Proceedings of the West Virginia Calhoun. 2012. Host invasion by Academy of Science 38:50–57. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis: fungal and Green, N.B., and T.K. Pauley. 1987. epidermal ultrastructure in model anurans. Amphibians & Reptiles in West Virginia. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 100:201– University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, 210. Pennsylvania. Greenwell, M., V. Beasley, and L.E. Brown. Greenberg, C.H. 2001a. Response of reptile 1996. The mysterious decline of the cricket 121

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region. University of California Publications 103:202–203. in Zoology 35:1–594. Groves, J.D., and F. Groves. 1978. Grismer, L.L. 2002. Amphibians and Reptiles predation on amphibians and reptiles. of Baja California, including its Pacific Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological islands and the islands in the Sea of Cortés. Society 14:44–46. University of California Press, Berkeley. Grubb, J.C. 1970. Orientation in post– Groff, L.A. 2011. A species distribution model reproductive Mexican toads, Bufo valliceps. for guiding Oregon spotted frog (Rana Copeia 1970:674–680. pretiosa) surveys near the southern extent of Grubb, J.C. 1972. Differential predation by its geographic range. M.A. thesis, Humboldt Gambusia affinis on the eggs of seven State University, Arcata, California. species of anuran amphibians. American Grogan, C.B., and W.L. Grogan, Jr. 2011. Midland Naturalist 88:103–108. Ollotis alvaria (Sonoran Desert Toad). Grubb, J.C. 1973a. Olfactory orientation in Reproduction. Herpetological Review 42:89– Bufo woodhousei fowleri, Pseudacris clarki 90. and Pseudacris streckeri. Animal Behaviour Grogan, W.L., Jr. 1974. Notes on Lampropeltis 21:726–732. calligaster rhombomaculata and Rana Grubb, J.C. 1973b. Orientation in newly virgatipes. Bulletin of the Maryland metamorphosed Mexican toads, Bufo Herpetological Society 10:33–34. valliceps. Herpetologica 29:95–100. Grogan, W.L., Jr., and P.G. Bystrak. 1973a. Grubb, J.C. 1973c. Olfactory orientation in Early breeding activity of Rana breeding Mexican toads, Bufo valliceps. sphenocephala and Bufo woodhousei fowleri Copeia 1973:490–497. in Maryland. Bulletin of the Maryland Grubb, J.C. 1975. Offactory orientation in Herpetological Society 9:106. southern leopard frogs, Rana utricularia. Grogan, W.L., Jr., and P.G. Bystrak. 1973b. Herpetologica 31:219–221. The amphibians and reptiles of Kent Island, Grubb, J.C. 1976. Maze orientation by the Maryland. Bulletin of the Maryland Mexican toads, Bufo valliceps (Amphibia, Herpetological Society 9:115–118. Anura, Bufonidae), using olfactory and Gromko, M.H., F.S. Mason, and S.J. Smith– configurational cues. Journal of Herpetology Gill. 1973. Analysis of the crowding effect in 10:97–104. Rana pipiens tadpoles. Journal of Gruia–Gray, J., and S. Desser. 1992. Experimental Zoology 186:63–72. Cytopathological and epizootiology of frog Groner, M. L., and R. A. Relyea. 2011. A tale erythrocytic virus in bullfrogs (Rana of two pesticides: How common insecticides catesbeiana). Journal of Wildlife Diseases affect aquatic communities. Freshwater 28:34–41. Biology 56:2391–2404. Gruia–Gray, J., M. Petric, and S. Desser. 1989. Gross, J.A., P.T.J. Johnson, L.K. Prahl, and Ultrastructural, biochemical and biophysical W.H. Karasov. 2009. Critical period of properties of an erythrocytic virus of frogs sensitivity for effects of cadmium on frog from Ontario, Canada. Journal of Wildlife growth and development. Environmental Diseases 25:497–506. Toxicology and Chemistry 28:1227–1232. Guderyahn, L. 2006. Nationwide assessment of Groves, J.D. 1980. Mass predation on a morphological abnormalities observed in population of the American toad, Bufo amphibians collected from United States americanus. American Midland Naturalist National Wildlife Refuges. CBFO–C0601. 123

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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Annapolis, Gunzburger, M.S., and J. Travis. 2005b. Maryland. Critical literature review of the evidence for Guderyahn, L., S.B. Hager, and L. Scott. 2004. unpalatability of amphibian eggs and larvae. Evidence to support the presence of Cope’s Journal of Herpetology 39:547–571. gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) at Green Gunzburger, M.S., and J. Travis. 2007. Egg Wing Environmental Laboratory in clutch characteristics of the barking treefrog, northcentral Illinois. Transactions of the Hyla gratiosa, from North Carolina and Illinois State Academy of Science 97:219– Florida. Herpetological Review 38:22–24. 225. Gunzburger, M.S., W.B. Hughes, W.J. Guerry, A.D., and M.L. Hunter, Jr. 2002. Barichivich, and J.S. Staiger. 2010. Amphibian distributions in a landscape of Hurricane storm surge and amphibian forests and agriculture: an examination of communities in coastal wetlands of landscape composition and configuration. northwestern Florida. Wetlands Ecology and Conservation Biology 16:745–754. Management 18:651–663. Gunter, G. 1941. A plague of toads. Copeia Gupta, N. 2009. Effects of oil sands process– 1941:266. affected water and substrates on wood frog Gunzburger, M.S. 2004. The role of tadpole (Rana sylvatica) eggs and tadpoles. M.S. predation in the habitat distribution of the thesis, University of Saskatchewan, green treefrog (Hyla cinerea). Ph.D. Saskatoon. dissertation, Florida State University, Guscio, C.G., B.R. Hossack, L.A. Eby, and Tallahassee. P.S. Corn. 2007. Post–breeding habitat use Gunzburger, M.S. 2005. Differential predation by adult boreal toads (Bufo boreas) after on tadpoles influences the potential effects of wildfire in Glacier National Park, USA. hybridization between Hyla cinerea and Hyla Herpetological Conservation and Biology gratiosa. Journal of Herpetology 39:682– 3:55–62. 687. Guttman, D., J.E. Bramble, and O.J. Sexton. Gunzburger, M.S. 2006. Reproductive ecology 1991. Observations on the breeding of the green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) in immigration of wood frogs Rana sylvatica northwestern Florida. American Midland reintroduced in east–central Missouri. Naturalist 155:321–328. American Midland Naturalist 125:269–274. Gunzburger, M.S. 2007a. Habitat segregation Guttman, S.I. 1972. [Cover photo of yellow in two sister taxa of hylid treefrogs. saddle–backed Rana clamitans]. Bioscience Herpetologica 63:301–310. 22(4). Gunzburger, M. S. 2007b. Evaluation of seven Guttman, S.I. 1975. Genetic variation in the aquatic sampling methods for amphibians genus Bufo. Part 2. Isozymes in northern and other aquatic fauna. Applied allopatric populations of the American Herpetology 4:47–63. toad Bufo americanus. Pp. 679–697 In C.L. Gunzburger, M.S., and J. Travis. 2004. Markert (ed.), Isozymes. 4. Genetics and Evaluating predation pressure on green Evolution, Academic Press, New York. treefrog larvae across a habitat gradient. Guttman, S.I. 1985. Biochemical studies of Oecologia 140:422–429. anuran evolution. Copeia 1985:292–309. Gunzburger, M.S., and J. Travis. 2005a. Guzy, J.C., T.S. Campbell, and K.R. Campbell. Effects of multiple predator species on green 2006. Effects of hydrological alterations on treefrog (Hyla cinerea) tadpoles. frog and toad populations at Morris Bridge Canadian Journal of Zoology 83:996–1002. wellfield, Hillsborough County, Florida. 124

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Florida Scientist 69:276–287. Phototactic responses to spectrally dominant Guzy, J.C., E.D. McCoy, A.C. Deyle, S.M. stimuli and use of colour vision by adult Gonzalez, N. Halstead, and H.R. Mushinsky. anuran amphibians: a comparative survey. 2012. Urbanization interferes with the use of Animal Behaviour 22:757–795. amphibians as indicators of ecological Hailman, J.P., and R.G. Jaeger. 1978. integrity of wetlands. Journal of Applied Phototactic responses of anuran amphibians Ecology 49:941–952. to monochromatic stimuli of equal quantum Haag, H.B. 1931. Toxicological studies of intensity. Animal Behaviour 26:274–281. Derris elliptica and its constituents. I. Haislip, N.A., M.J. Gray, J.T. Hoverman, and Rotenone. Journal of Pharmacology and D.L. Miller. 2011. Development and disease: Experimental Therapeutics 43:193–208. how susceptibility to an emerging pathogen Haber, V.R. 1926. The food of the Carolina changes through anuran development. PLoS treefrog, Hyla cinerea Schneider. Journal of One 6(7): e22307. Comparative Psychology 6:189–220. Haislip, N. A., J. T. Hoverman, D. L. Miller, Hadfield, S. 1966. Observations on body and M. J. Gray. 2012. Natural stressors and temperatures and activity in the toad Bufo disease risk: does the threat of predation woodhousei fowleri. Copeia 1966:581–582. increase amphibian susceptibility to Haertel, J.D., and R.M. Storm. 1970. ranavirus? Canadian Journal of Zoology Experimental hybridization between Rana 90:893–902. pretiosa and Rana cascadae. Herpetologica Hale, S.F., F. Retes, and T.R. Van Devender. 26:436–446. 1977. New populations of Rana tarahumarae Haertel, J.D., A. Owczarzak, and R.M. Storm. (Tarahumara frog) in Arizona. Journal of the 1974. A comparative study of the Arizona Academy of Sciences 11:133–134. chromosomes from five species of the genus Hale, S.F., C.R. Schwalbe, J.L. Jarchow, C.J. Rana (Amphibia: Salientia). Copeia May, C.H. Lowe, and T.B. Johnson. 1995. 1974:109–114. Disappearance of the Tarahumara frog. Pp. Haggerty, C. 2010. Anuran and tree 138–140 In E.T. LaRoe, G.S. Farris, C.E. community structure of cypress domes in Puckett, P.D. Doran, and M.J. Mac (eds.), Tampa, Florida, relative to time since Our Living Resources. A Report to the incorporation within the urban landscape. Nation on the Distribution, Abundance, and M.S. thesis, University of South Florida, Health of U.S. Plants, Animals, and Tampa. Ecosystems. National Biological Service, Hahn, D. 1968. A biogeographic analysis of the Washington, D.C. herpetofauna of the San Luis Valley, Hale, S.F., P.C. Rosen, J.L. Jarchow, and G.A. Colorado. M.S. thesis, Louisiana State Bradley. 2005. Effects of the chytrid fungus University, Baton Rouge. on the Tarahumara frog (Rana Hailman, J.P. 1982. Extremely low ambient tarahumarae) in Arizona and Sonora, light levels of Ascaphus truei. Journal of Mexico. Pp. 407–411 In G.J. Gottfried, B.S. Herpetology 16:83–84. Gebow, L.G. Eskew, C.B. Edminster, and B. Hailman, J.P. 1984. Bimodal nocturnal activity Carelton (compilers), Connecting Mountain of the western toad (Bufo boreas) in relation Islands and Desert Seas. Biodiversity and to ambient illumination. Copeia 1984:283– Management of the Madrean Archipelago. 2. 290. USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS– Hailman, J.P., and R.G. Jaeger. 1974. P–36, Fort Collins, Colorado. 125

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Hall, D.G. 1948. The Blowflies of North southern leopard frog Rana sphenocephala. America. The Foundation, Environmental Pollution (Series A) 23:53– Baltimore. 65. Hall, J.A. 1993. Post–embryonic ontogeny and Hall, R.J., and E. Kolbe. 1980. larval behavior of the spadefoot toad, Bioconcentration of organophosphorus Scaphiopus intermontanus (Anura: pesticides to hazardous levels by amphibians. Pelobatidae). Ph.D. dissertation, Washington Journal of Toxicological and Environmental State University, Pullman. Health 6:853–860. Hall, J.A., J.H. Larsen, Jr., D.E. Miller, and Hall, R.J., and D. Swineford. 1981. Acute R.E. Fitzner. 1995. Discrimination of kin– toxicities of toxaphene and endrin to larvae and diet–based cues by larval spadefoot of seven species of amphibians. Toxicology toads, Scaphiopus intermontanus (Anura: Letters 8:331–336. Peolobatidae), under laboratory conditions. Hall, R.J., and B.M. Mulhern. 1984. Are Journal of Herpetology 29:233–243. anuran amphibians heavy metal Hall, J.A., J.H. Larsen, Jr., and R.E. Fitzner. accumulators? Pp. 123–133 In R.A. Seigel, 1997. Postembryonic ontogeny of the L.E. Hunt, J.L. Knight, L. Malaret, and N.L. spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus intermontanus Zuschlag (eds.), Vertebrate Ecology and (Anura: Pelobatidae): external morphology. Systematics. A Tribute to Henry S. Fitch. Herpetological Monographs 11:124–178. Museum of Natural History, University of Hall, J.A., J.H. Larsen, Jr., and R.E. Fitzner. Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 2002. Morphology of the premetamorphic Hall, R.J., and P.F.P. Henry. 1992. Assessing of the spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus effcts of pesticides on amphibians and intermontanus (Anura: Pelobatidae), with an reptiles: status and needs. Herpetological emphasis on the lateral line system and Journal 2:65–71. mouthparts. Journal of Morphology 252:114– Hallinan, T. 1923. Observations made in Duval 130. County, northern Florida, on the gopher Hall, J.G. 2006. Herpetofaunal sampling in the tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus). Copeia North Carolina coastal plain: a comparison (115):11–20. between techniques across habitats. M.S. Hallowell, E. 1857 (“1856”). Notice of a thesis, East Carolina University, Greenville. collection of reptiles from Kansas and Hall, R.J. 1990. Accumulation, metabolism and Nebraska, presented to the Academy of toxicity of parathion in tadpoles. Bulletin of Natural Sciences by Dr. Hammond. Environmental Contamination and Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Toxicology 44:629–635. Sciences of Philadelphia 8:238–253. Hall, R.J. 1994. Herpetofaunal diversity of the Hallowell, E. 1859. Explorations and surveys Four Holes Swamp, South Carolina. USDI for a railroad route from the Mississippi National Biological Survey, Resource River to the Pacific Ocean. Report in Publication 198. California for railroad routes to connect with Hall, R.J., and D. Swineford. 1979. Uptake of the routes near the 35th and 32d parallels of methoxychlor from food and water by the north latitude, explored by Lieutenant R.S. American toad (Bufo americanus). Bulletin Williamson, Corps of Topographical of Environmental Contamination and Engineers, 1853. Part 4. Zoological Report. Toxicology 23:335–337. No. 1. Report upon reptiles of the route. War Hall, R.J., and D. Swineford. 1980. Toxic Department, Washington, D.C. Pp. 1–27 + 10 effects of endrin and toxaphene on the plates. 126

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Halverson, M.A. 2004. Relatedness and the leopard frogs in Colorado? Herpetological ecology and evolution of the wood frog. Review 13:115–116. Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University, New Hammerson, G.A. 1982b. The first record of Haven, Connecticut. Rana sylvatica from the southern Rocky Halverson, M.A., D.K. Skelly, J.M. Kiesecker, Mountains and other early collections of and L.K. Freidenburg. 2003. Forest mediated A.E. Beardsley. Herpetological Review light regime linked to amphibian distribution 13:10. and performance. Oecologia 134:360–364. Hammerson, G.A. 1999. Amphibians and Halverson, M. A., D. K. Skelly, and A. Reptiles in Colorado. A Colorado Field Caccone. 2006. Kin distribution of amphibian Guide. 2nd ed. University Press of larvae in the wild. Molecular Ecology Colorado, Niwot. 15:1139–1145. Hammerson, G.A., and L.J. Livo. 1999. Hamel, J. 2009. Anaxyrus americanus Conservation status of the northern cricket (American Toad). Egg cannibalism. 40:67– frog (Acris crepitans) in Colorado and 68. adjacent areas at the northwestern extent of Hamer, A.J., and M.J. McDonnell. 2008. the range. Herpetological Review 30:78–80. Amphibian ecology and conservation in the Hammond, J. I., D. K. Jones, P. R. Stephens, urbanizing world: a review. Biological and R. A. Relyea. 2012. Phylogeny meets Conservation 141:2432–2449. ecotoxicology: Evolutionary patterns in Hamerstrom, F.M., Jr., and F. Hamerstrom. sensitivity to a common insecticide among 1951. Food of young raptors on the Edwin S. North American amphibians. Evolutionary George Reserve. Wilson Bulletin 63:16–25. Applications 5:593–606. Hamilton, H.L. 1941. The biological action of Hampton, P. M., N. B. Ford, and K. Herriman. rotenone on freshwater animals. Proceedings 2010. Impacts of active oil pumps and deer of the Iowa Academy of Science 48:467–479. feed plots on amphibian and reptile Hamilton, W.J., Jr. 1930. Notes on the food of assemblages in a floodplain. American the American toad. Copeia 1930:45. Midland Naturalist 163:44–53. Hamilton, W.J., Jr. 1934. The rate of growth of Hampton, S.H., and E.P. Volpe. 1963. the toad (Bufo americanus americanus Development and interpopulation variability Holbrook) under natural conditions. Copeia of the mouthparts of Scaphiopus holbrooki. 1934:88–90. American Midland Naturalist 70:319–328. Hamilton, W.J. 1948. The food and feeding Han, B.A. 2008. The effects of an emerging behavior of the green frog, Rana clamitans pathogen on amphibian host behaviors and Latreille, in New York State. Copeia interactions. Ph.D. dissertation, Oregon State 1948:203–207. University, Corvallis. Hamilton, W.J., Jr. 1954. The economic status Han, B.A., P.W. Bradley, and A.R. Blaustein. of the toad. Herpetologica 10:37–40. 2008. Ancient behaviors of larval amphibians Hamilton, W.J., Jr. 1955. Notes on the ecology in response to an emerging fungal pathogen, of the oak toad in Florida. Herpetologica Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Behavioral 11:205–210. Ecology and Sociobiology 63:241–250. Hamilton, W.J., and J.A. Pollack. 1956. The Han, B.A., C.L. Searle and A.R. Blaustein. food of some colubrid snakes from Fort 2011. Effects of an infectious fungus, Benning, Georgia. Ecology 37:519–526. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, on Hammerson, G.A. 1982a. Bullfrog eliminating amphibian predator–prey interactions. PLoS 127

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One 6(2): e16675. Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan Hankinson, T. L. 1917. Amphibians and State University, East Lansing, Michigan. reptiles of the Charleston region. Hardy, D.F. 1959. Chorus structure in the Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of striped chorus frog, Pseudacris nigrita. Science 10: 322–329. Herpetologica 15:14–16. Hanley, G.H. 1993. Enrichment options – Hardy, D.G. 1974. Some population dynamics California Toad. Animal Keeper’s Forum of Rana pipiens in an area of southeastern 20:178. South Dakota. M.S. thesis, University of Hanlin, H.G., F.D. Martin, L.D. Wike, and South Dakota, Vermillion. S.H. Bennett. 2000. Terrestrial activity, Hardy, J.D. 1953. Notes on the distribution of abundance and species richness of Mycrohyla [sic] carolinensis in southern amphibians in managed forests in South Maryland. Herpetologica 8:162–166. Carolina. American Midland Naturalist Hardy, J.D., Jr. 1964a. A new frog, Rana 143:70–83. palustris mansuetii, subsp. nov. from the Hannaca, W.L. 1933. The Frog Industry. Past, Atlantic Coastal Plain. Chesapeake Science Present and Future. Chariton Corporation, 5:91–100. Chicago, Illinois. Hardy, J.D., Jr. 1964b. The spontaneous Hannon, S.J., C.A. Paszkowski, S. Boutin, J. occurrence of scoliosis in tadpoles of the DeGroot, S.E. Macdonald, M. Wheatley, and leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Chesapeake B.R. Eaton. 2002. Abundance and species Science 5:101–102. composition of amphibians, small mammals Hardy, J.D. 2009. Eastern Narrow–mouthed and songbirds in riparian forest buffer strips Frog Gastrophryne carolinensis. Bulletin of of varying widths in the boreal mixedwood of the Maryland Herpetological Society 45:118– Alberta. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 121. 32:1784–1800. Hardy, J.D., Jr. 1972a. Amphibians of the Hanson, J.A., and J.L. Vial. 1956. Defensive Chesapeake Bay region. Chesapeake Science behavior and effects of toxins in Bufo 13:123–128. alvarius. Herpetologica 12:141–149. Hardy, J.D., Jr. 1972b. Tentative outline for Hansen, K.L. 1957. Movements, area of inventory of amphibians: Hyla cinerea activity, and growth of Rana heckscheri. (Green Treefrog). Chesapeake Science Copeia 1957:274–277. 13:186–190. Hansen, K.L. 1958. Breeding pattern of the Hardy, J.D., Jr., and J.H. Gillespie. 1976. eastern spadefoot toad. Herpetologica 14:57– Hybridization between Rana pipiens and 67. Rana palustris in a modified natural Hansen, K.L. 1965. Breeding records of the environment. Bulletin of the Maryland eastern spadefoot toad. Herpetologica Herpetological Society 12:41–55. 21:303–305. Hardy, J.D., and R.J. Burroughs. 1986. Hansen, K.L. 1977. The jump of a frog. Florida Systematic status of the spring peeper, Hyla Naturalist 53(1):6–8. crucifer (Amphibia: Hylidae). Bulletin of the Harding, J.H. 1997. Amphibians and Reptiles Maryland Herpetological Society 22:68–89. of the Great Lakes Region. University of Hardy, L.M. 1995. Checklist of the amphibians Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan. and reptiles of the Caddo Lake watershed in Harding, J.H., and J.A. Holman. 1992. Texas and Louisiana. Bulletin of the Museum Michigan Frogs, Toads, and Salamanders. A of Life Sciences, Louisiana State University Field Guide and Pocket Reference. in Shreveport, No. 10. 128

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Hardy, L.M. 2004. Genus Syrrhophus (Anura: T.G. Pypker. 2011. Effects of six chemical Leptodactylidae) in Louisiana. Southwestern deicers on larval wood frogs (Rana sylvatica). Naturalist 49:263–266. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Hardy, L.M., and L.R. Raymond. 1991. 30:1637–1641. Observations on the activity of the pickerel Harner, M.J., A.J. Nelson, K. Geluso, and D.M. frog, Rana palustris (Anura: Ranidae), in Simon. 2011. Chytrid fungus in American northern Louisiana. Journal of Herpetology bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) along the 25:220–222. Platte River, Nebraska, USA. Herpetological Hardy, R. 1947. Introduction of the bullfrog Review 42:549–551. intoWashington County, Utah. Herpetologica Harman, W.J., and A.R. Lawler. 1975. Dero 3:169. (Allodero) hylidae, an oligochaete symbiont Harestad, A.S. 1985. Scaphiopus in hylid frogs in Mississippi. Transactions of intermontanus (Great Basin Spadefoot Toad). the American Microscopical Society 94:38– Mortality. Herpetological Review 16:24. 42. Harfenist, A., T. Power, K.L. Clark, and D.B. Harper, E.B. 2007. The role of terrestrial Peakall. 1989. A review and evaluation of the habitat in the population dynamics and amphibian toxicological literature. Canadian conservation of pond breeding amphibians. Wildlife Service Technical Report Series Ph.D. dissertation, University of Missouri, No. 61. Columbia. Hargis, S.E., M.–K. Harr, C.J. Henderson, W.J. Harper, E.B., and R.D. Semlitsch. 2007. Kim, and G.R. Smith. 2008. Factors Density–dependence in the terrestrial life influencing the distribution of overwintered history stage of two anurans. Oecologia 153: bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana) in two 879–889. small ponds. Bulletin of the Maryland Harper, E.B., T.A.G. Rittenhouse, and R.D. Herpetological Society 44:39–41. Semlitsch. 2008. Demographic consequences Hargitt, C.W. 1888. Recent notes on of terrestrial habitat loss for pool–breeding Scaphiopus holbrookii. American Naturalist amphibians: predicting extinction risks 22:535–537. associated with inadequate size of buffer Harima, H. 1969. A survey of the herpetofauna zones. Conservation Biology 22:1205–1215. of northwestern Florida. M.S. thesis, Harper, F. 1931a. Amphibians and reptiles of University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa. the Athabaska and Great Slave Lakes region. Harkey, G.A., and R.D. Semlitsch. 1988. Canadian Field–Naturalist 45:68–70. Effects of temperature on growth, Harper, F. 1931b. Notes on two Georgia development, and color polymorphism in species of Pseudacris. Copeia. 1931:159– the ornate chorus frog Pseudacris ornata. 161. Copeia 1988:1001– 1007. Harper, F. 1931c. A dweller in the piney Harlan, R. 1826. Descriptions of several new woods. Scientific Monthly 32:176–181. species of batrachian reptiles with Harper, F. 1932. A voice from the pines. observations on the larvae of frogs. American Natural History 32:280–288. Journal of Science and Arts 10:53–66. Harper, F. 1933. A tree–frog new to the Harlan, R. 1835. Medical and Physical Atlantic Coastal Plain. Journal of the Elisha Researches, Philadelphia. Lydia R. Bailey, Mitchell Scientific Society 48:228–231. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Harper, F. 1935a. Records of amphibians in the Harless, M.L., C.J. Huckins, J.B. Grant and southeastern states. American Midland 129

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Naturalist 16:275–310. Maryland Herpetological Society 11:73–167. Harper, F. 1935b. The name of the gopher frog. Harris, H.S., Jr., and K. Crocetti. 2008. The Proceedings of the Biological Society of eastern spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus Washington 48:79–82. holbrookii, in Maryland. Bulletin of the Harper, F. 1937. A season with Holbrook’s Maryland Herpetological Society 44:107– chorus frog (Pseudacris ornata). American 110. Midland Naturalist 18:260–272. Harris, L.D., and C.R. Vickers. 1984. Some Harper, F. 1939a. A southern subspecies of the faunal community characteristics of cypress spring peeper (Hyla crucifera). Notulae ponds and the changes induced by Naturae 27:1–4. perturbations. Pp. 171–185 In K.C. Ewel and Harper, F. 1939b. Distribution, taxonomy, H.T. Odum (eds.), Cypress Swamps. nomenclature, and habits of the little tree– University Presses of Florida, Gainesville. frog (Hyla ocularis). American Midland Harris, M.L., C.A. Bishop, J. Struger, M.R. van Naturalist 22:134–149. den Heuvel, G.J. van der Kraak, D.G. Dixon, Harper, F. 1940. Some works of Bartram, B. Ripley, and J.P. Bogart. 1998a. The Daudin, Latreille, and Sonnini, and their functional integrity of northern leopard frog bearing upon North American herpetological (Rana pipiens) and green frog (Rana nomenclature. American Midland Naturalist clamitans) populations in orchard wetlands. 23:692–723. 1. Genetics, physiology, and biochemistry of Harper, F. 1947. A new cricket frog (Acris) breeding adults and young–of–the–year. from the middle western states. Proceedings Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry of the Biological Society of Washington 17:1338–1350. 60:39–40. Harris, M.L., C.A. Bishop, J. Struger, B. Harper, F. 1955. A new chorus frog Ripley, and J.P. Bogart. 1998b. The (Pseudacris) from the eastern United States. functional integrity of northern leopard frog Natural History Miscellanea (150):1–6. (Rana pipiens) and green frog (Rana Harper, F. 1956. Amphibians and reptiles of clamitans) populations in orchard wetlands. the Ungava Peninsula. Proceedings of the 2. Effects of pesticides and eutrophic Biological Society of Washington 69:93– conditions on early life stage development. 104. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Harper, F. 1963. Amphibians and reptiles of 17:1351–1363. Keewatin and northern Manitoba. Harris, M.L., L. Chora, C.A. Bishop, and J.P. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Bogart. 2000. Species– and age–related Washington 76:159–168. differences in susceptibility to pesticide Harris, H.S., Jr. 1968. A survey of albinism in exposure for two amphibians, Rana pipiens Maryland amphibians and reptiles. Bulletin and Bufo americanus. Bulletin of of the Maryland Herpetological Society Environmental Contamination and 4:57–60. Toxicology 64:263–270. Harris, H.S., Jr. 1969. Distributional survey: Harris, R.N., R.M. Brucker, J.B. Walke, M.H. Maryland and the District of Columbia. Becker, C.R. Schwantes, D.C. Flaherty, B.A. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Lam, D.C. Woodhams, C.J. Briggs, V.T. Society 5:97–161. Vredenburg, and K.P.C. Minbiole. 2009. Harris, H.S., Jr. 1975. Distributional survey Skin microbes on frogs prevent morbidity (Amphibia/Reptilia): Maryland and the and mortality caused by a lethal skin fungus. District of Columbia. Bulletin of the ISME Journal 3:818–824. 130

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Harris, R.T. 1975. Seasonal activity and Hatch, A.C., and A.R. Blaustein. 2003. microhabitat utilization in Hyla cadaverina Combined effects of UV–B radiation and (Anura: Hylidae). Herpetologica 31:236–239. nitrate fertilizer on larval amphibians. Harrison, J.R., J.W. Gibbons, D.H. Nelson, and Ecological Applications 13:1083–1093. C.L. Abercrombie III. 1979. Status report: Hatch, A.C., L.K. Belden, E. Scheessele, and amphibians. Pp. 73–78 In D.M. Forsythe, and A.R. Blaustein. 2001. Juvenile amphibians W.B. Ezell, Jr. (eds.), Proceedings of the do not avoid potentially lethal levels of urea First South Carolina on soil substrate. Environmental Toxicology Symposium. South Carolina Wildlife and and Chemistry 20:2328–2335. Marine Resources Department. Hatfield, J.S., A.H. Price, D.D. Diamond, and Hartman, F.A. 1906. Food habits of Kansas C.D. True. 2004. Houston toad (Bufo lizards and batrachians. Transactions of the houstonensis) in Bastrop County, Texas: Kansas Academy of Science 20:225–229. need for protecting multiple subpopulations. Hartson, R.D., S.A. Orlofske, V. Melin, R.T. Pp. 292−298 In H.R. Akcakaya, M.A. Dillon Jr., and P.T.J. Johnson. 2011. Land Burgman, O. Kindvall, C.C. Wood, P. use and wetland spatial position jointly Sjogren–Gulve, J.S. Hatfield, and M.A. determine amphibian parasite communities. McCarthy (eds.), Species Conservation and Ecohealth 8:485–500. Management: Case Studies. Oxford Harwood, P.D. 1932. The helminths parasitic University Press, Oxford, UK. in the Amphibia and Reptilia of Houston, Hausfater, G., H.C. Gerhardt, and G.M. Texas, and vicinity. Proceedings of the U.S. Klump. 1990. Parasites and mate choice in National Museum No. 2940, 71 pp. gray treefrogs, Hyla versicolor. American Hasken, J., J.L. Newby, A.M. Grelle, J. Boling, Zoologist 30:299–311. J. Estes, L.K. Garey, T. Wilmes, R. McKee, Hawkes, V.C., and P.T. Gregory. 2012. D. Gomez, T. Jackson, N. Gibson, E. Temporal changes in the relative abundance Davinroy, C.E. Montgomery, and M.I. of amphibians relative to riparian buffer Kelrick. 2009. Evaluation of chytrid infection width in western Washington, USA. Forest level in a newly discovered population of Ecology and Management 274:67–80. Anaxyrus boreas in the Rio Grande Hawkins, C.P., L.J. Gottschalk, and S.S. National Forest, Colorado, USA. Brown. 1988. Densities and habitat of tailed Herpetological Review 40:426–428. frog tadpoles in small streams near Mt. St. Hassinger, D.D. 1970. Notes on the thermal Helens following the 1980 eruption. Journal properties of frog eggs. Herpetologica 26:49– of the North American Benthological Society 51. 7:246–252. Hassinger, D.D. 1972. Early life history and Hay, O.P. 1889. Notes on the life–history of ecology of three congeneric species of Rana Chorophilus triseriatus. American Naturalist in New Jersey. Ph.D. dissertation, Rutgers 23:770–774. University, Newark, New Jersey. Hay, O.P. 1892. The batrachians and reptiles of Hatch, A.C., and A.R. Blaustein. 2000. the State of Indiana. Indiana Department of Combined effects of UV–B, nitrate, and low Geology and Natural Resources, Seventeeth pH reduce the survival and activity level of Annual Report, Indianapolis. Pp. 409–609. larval Cascades Frogs (Rana cascadae). Hay, R. 1998. Blanchard’s cricket frogs in Archives of Environmental Contamination Wisconsin: a status report. Pp. 79–83 In M.J. and Toxicology 39:494–499. Lannoo (ed.), Status & Conservation of 131

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Midwestern Amphibians. University of Iowa boreas boreas (Boreal Toad). Scats and Press, Iowa City. behavior. Herpetological Review 35:369– Hayes, F.E. 1989. Antipredator behavior of 370. recently metamorphosed toads (Bufo a. Hayes, M.P., and C.J. Rombough. 2004. Rana americanus) during encounters with garter aurora (Northern Red–legged Frog). snakes (Thamnophis s. sirtalis). Copeia Predation. Herpetological Review 35:375– 1989:1011–1015. 376. Hayes, M.P., and F.S. Cliff. 1982. A checklist Hayes, M.P., and R.F. Price. 2009. Bufo boreas of the herpetofauna of Butte County, the boreas (Western Toad). Predation. Butte Sink, and Sutter Buttes, California. Herpetological Review 40:68–69. Herpetological Review 13:85–87. Hayes, M.P., C.A. Pearl, and C.J. Rombough. Hayes, M.P., and M.M. Miyamoto. 1984. 2001. Rana aurora aurora (Northern Red– Biochemical, behavioral and body size legged Frog). Movement. Herpetological differences between the red–legged frogs, Review 32:35–36. Rana aurora aurora and Rana aurora Hayes, M.P., C.B. Hayes, and J.P. Schuett– draytonii. Copeia 1984:1018–1022. Hames. 2004. Rana aurora aurora (Northern Hayes, M.P., and M.R. Tennant. 1985. Diet Red– legged Frog). Vocalization. and feeding behavior of the California red– Herpetological Review 35:52–53. legged frog, Rana aurora draytonii Hayes, M.P., C.J. Rombough, C.B. Hayes, and (Ranidae). Southwestern Naturalist 30:601– J.D. Engler. 2005. Rana pretiosa (Oregon 605. Spotted Frog). Predation. Herpetological Hayes, M.P., and M.R. Jennings. 1986. Decline Review 36:307. of ranid frog species in western North Hayes, M.P., J.D. Engler, and C.J. Rombaugh. America: are bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) 2006a. Rana pretiosa (Oregon Spotted Frog). responsible? Journal of Herpetology 20:490– Predation. Herpetological Review 37:209– 509. 210. Hayes, M.P., and M.R. Jennings. 1988. Habitat Hayes, M.P., M.R. Jennings, and G.B. correlates of distribution of the California Rathbun. 2006b. Rana draytonii (California red– legged frog (Rana aurora draytonii) Red–legged Frog). Prey. Herpetological and the foothill yellow–legged frog (Rana Review 37:449. boylii): implications for management. Pp. Hayes, M.P., T. Quinn, D.J. Dugger, T.L. 144–158 In R.C. Szaro, K.E. Severson, and Hicks, M.A. Melchiors, and D.E. Runde. D.R. Patton (eds.), Management of 2006c. Dispersion of coastal tailed frog Amphibians, Reptiles, and Small Mammals (Ascaphus truei): an hypothesis relating in North America. USDA Forest Service occurrence of frogs in non–fish–bearing General and Technical Report RM–166. headwater basins to their seasonal Hayes, M.P., and D.M. Kremples. 1986. Vocal movements. Journal of Herpetology 40:531– sac variation among frogs of the genus Rana 543. from western North America. Copeia Hayes, M.P., C.J. Rombough, and C.B. Hayes. 1986:927–936. 2007. Rana aurora (Northern Red–legged Hayes, M.P., and C.B. Hayes. 2003. Rana Frog). Movement. Herpetological Review aurora aurora (Northern Red–legged Frog). 38:192–193. Juvenile growth. Male size at maturity. Hayes, M.P., C.J. Rombough, G.E. Padgett– Herpetological Review 34:233–234. Flohr, L.A. Hallock, J.E. Johnson, R.S. Hayes, M.P., and C.B. Hayes. 2004. Bufo Wagner, and J.D. Engler. 2009. Amphibian 132

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chytridiomycosis in the Oregon spotted frog Heatwole, H., and L.L. Getz. 1960. Studies on (Rana pretiosa) in Washington state, USA. the amphibians and reptiles of Mud Lake Bog Northwestern Naturalist 90:148–151. in southern Michigan. The Jack–Pine Hayes, T.B. 2004. There is no denying this: Warbler 38:107–112. defusing the confusion about atrazine. Heatwole, H., and A. Heatwole. 1968. Bioscience 54:1138–1149. Motivational aspects of feeding behavior in Hayes, T.B., K. Haston, M. Tsui, A. Hoang, C. toads. Copeia 1968:692–698. Haeffele, and A. Vonk. 2002. Feminization Heatwole, H., N. Poran, and P. King. 1999. of male frogs in the wild. Nature 419:895– Ontogenetic changes in the resistance of 896. bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) to the venom of Hayes, T., K. Haston, M. Tsui, A. Hoang, C. copperheads ( Haeffele, and A. Vonk. 2003. Atrazine– contortrix) and cottonmouths (Agkistrodon induced hermaphroditism at 0.1 ppb in piscivorus piscivorus). Copeia 1999:808– American leopard frogs (Rana pipiens): 814. laboratory and field evidence. Environmental Hebard, W.B., and R.B. Brunson. 1963. Hind Health Perspectives 111:568–575. limb anomalies of a western Montana Hayes, T.B., P. Falso, S. Gallipeau, and M. population of the Pacific tree frog, Hyla Stice. 2010. The cause of global amphibian regilla Baird and Girard. Copeia 1963:570– declines: a developmental endocrinologist’s 572. perspective. Journal of Experimental Biology Hecht, M.K., and B.L. Matalas. 1946. A review 213:921–933. of middle North American toads of the genus Hayes–Odum, L.A. 1990. Observations on Microhyla. American Museum Novitates reproduction and embryonic development in 1315:1–21. Syrrhophus cystignathoides campi (Anura: Hecht–Kardasz, K.A. 2012. Geographic Leptodactylidae). Southwestern Naturalist distribution: Eleutherodactylus planirostris 35:358–361. (Greenhouse Frog). Herpetological Review Haynes, C.M., and S.D. Aird. 1981. The 43:613. distribution and habitat requirements of the Hecnar, S.J. 1995. Acute and chronic toxicity wood frog (Ranidae: Rana sylvatica Le of ammonium nitrate fertilizer to amphibians Conte) in Colorado. Colorado Division of from southern Ontario. Environmental Wildlife, Special Report 50, Fort Collins. Toxicology and Chemistry 14:2131–2137. Hays, M.R. 1955. Ultragulosity in the frog Hecnar, S.J. 1997. Amphibian pond Rana aurora draytoni. Herpetologica 11:153. communities in southwestern Ontario. SSAR Heard, M. 1904. A California frog ranch. Out Herpetological Conservation 1:1–15. West 21:20–27. Hecnar, S.J., and R.T. M’Closkey. 1996a. Heath, D.R., D.A. Saugey, and G.A. Heidt. Regional dynamics and the status of 1986. Abandoned mine fauna of the Ouachita amphibians. Ecology 77:2091–2097. Mountains, Arkansas: vertebrate taxa. Hecnar, S.J., and R.T. M’Closkey. 1996b. Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Amphibian species richness and distribution Science 40:33–36. in relation to pond water chemistry in south– Heatwole, H. 1961. Habitat selection and western Ontario, Canada. Freshwater Biology activity of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica Le 36:7–15. Conte. American Midland Naturalist 66:301– Hecnar, S.J., and R.T. M’Closkey. 1997a. 313. Patterns of nestedness and species association 133

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in a pond–dwelling amphibian fauna. Oikos Hedeen, S.E. 1986. The southern geographic 80:371–381. limit of the mink frog, Rana septentrionalis. Hecnar, S.J., and R.T. M’Closkey. 1997b. The Copeia 1986:239–244. effects of predatory fish on amphibian Hedge, T.A., K.E. Saunders, and C.A. Ross. species richness and distribution. 2002. Innovative housing and environmental Biological Conservation 79:123–131. enrichment for bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). Hecnar, S.J., and R.T. M’Closkey. 1997c. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Changes in the composition of a ranid frog Animal Science 41:120–121. community following bullfrog extinction. Hedges, S.B. 1986. An electrophoretic analysis American Midland Naturalist 137:145–150. of Holarctic hylid frog evolution. Systematic Hecnar, S.J., and R.T. M’Closkey. 1998. Zoology 35:1–21. Species richness patterns of amphibians in Hedges, S.B. 1989. Evolution and southwestern Ontario ponds. Journal of biogeography of West Indian frogs of the Biogeography 25:763–772. genus Eleutherodactylus: slow–evolving loci Hecnar, S.J., and D.R. Hecnar. 1999. and the major groups. Pp. 305–370 In C.A. Pseudacris triseriata (Western Chorus Frog). Woods (ed.), Biogeography of the West Reproduction. Herpetological Review 30:38. Indies. Past, Present, and Future. Sandhill Hecnar, S.J., G.S. Casper, R.W. Russell, D.R. Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida. Hecnar, and J.N. Robinson. 2002. Nested Hedges, S.B., W.E. Duellman, and M.P. species assemblages of amphibians and Heinicke. 2008. New World direct– reptiles on islands in the Laurentian Great developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Lakes. Journal of Biogeography 29:475–489. molecular phylogeny, classification, Hedeen, S.E. 1967. Feeding behavior of the biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa in Itasca State Park, 1737:1–182. Minnesota. 39:116–120. Hedtke, S.F., and F.A. Puglisi. 1982. Short– Hedeen, S.E. 1971a. Growth of the tadpoles of term toxicity of five oils to four freshwater the mink frog, Rana septentrionalis. species. Archives of Environmental Herpetologica 27:160–165. Contamination and Toxicology 11:425–430. Hedeen, S.E. 1971b. Body temperatures of the Heemeyer, J.L. 2011. Breeding migrations, mink frog, Rana septentrionalis Baird. survivorship, and obligate crayfish burrow Journal of Herpetology 5:211–212. use by adult crawfish frogs (Lithobates Hedeen, S.E. 1972a. Postmetamorphic growth areolatus). M.S. thesis, Indiana State and reproduction of the mink frog, Rana University,Terre Haute, Indiana. septentrionalis Baird. Copeia 1972:169–175. Heemeyer, J.L., and M.J. Lannoo. 2011. Hedeen, S.E. 1972b. Escape behavior and Lithobates areolatus circulosus (Northern causes of death of the mink frog, Rana Crawfish Frog). Winterkill. Herpetological septentrionalis. Herpetologica 28:261–262. Review 42:261–262. Hedeen, S.E. 1972c. Food and feeding Heemeyer, J.L., and M.J. Lannoo. 2012. behavior of the mink frog, Rana Breeding migrations in crawfish frogs septentrionalis Baird, in Minnesota. (Lithobates areolatus): long–distance American Midland Naturalist 88:291–300. movements, burrow philopatry, and mortality Hedeen, S.E. 1976. Scoliosis and hydrops in a in a near–. Copeia Rana catesbeiana (Amphibia, Anura, 2012:440–450. Ranidae) tadpole population. Journal of Heemeyer, J.L., J.G. Palis, and M.J. Lannoo. Herpetology 10:261–262. 2010. Lithobates areolatus circulosus 134

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(Northern Crawfish Frog). Predation. americanus): is it active or passive and why? Herpetological Review 41:475. American Midland Naturalist 153:338–347. Heemeyer, J.L., P.J. Williams, and M.J. Heinicke, M.P., W.E. Duellman, and S.B. Lannoo. 2012. Obligate crayfish burrow use Hedges. 2007. Major Caribbean and Central and core habitat requirements of crawfish American frog originated by frogs. Journal of Wildlife Management ancient oceanic dispersal. Proceedings of the 76:1081–1091. National Academy of Sciences, USA Hefleck, S.K. 2001. Ecology of the exotic 104:10092–10097. Cuban tree frog, Osteopilus septentrionalis, Heinicke, M.P., L.M. Diaz, and S.B. Hedges. within Brevard County, Florida. M.S. thesis, 2011. Origin of invasive Florida frogs traced Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne. to Cuba. Biology Letters 7:407–410. Heinen, J.T. 1985. Cryptic behavior in juvenile Heinrich, M.L. 1985. Pseudacris triseriata toads. Journal of Herpetology 19:524–527. triseriata (Western Chorus Frog). Heinen, J.T. 1993a. Aggregations of newly Reproduction. Herpetological Review 16:24. metamorphosed Bufo americanus: tests of Heinrich, M.L., and D.W. Kaufman. 1985. two hypotheses. Canadian Journal of Herpetofauna of the Konza Prairie Research Zoology 71:334–338. Natural Area. Prairie Naturalist 17:101–112. Heinen, J.T. 1993b. Substrate choice and Hekkala, E.R., R.A. Saumure, J.R. Jaeger, H.– predation risk in newly metamorphosed W. Herrman, M.J. Sredl, D.F. Bradford, D. American toads Bufo americanus: an Drabeck, and M.J. Blum. 2011. Resurrecting experimental analysis. American Midland an extinct species: archival DNA, taxonomy, Naturalist 130:184– 192. and conservation of the Vegas Valley leopard Heinen, J.T. 1994a. Antipredator behavior of frog. Conservation Genetics 12:1379–1385. newly metamorphosed American toads (Bufo Helbing, C.C., K. Ovaska, and L. Ji. 2006. a. americanus), and mechanisms of hunting Evaluation of the effect of acetochlor on by eastern garter snakes (Thamnophis s. thyroid hormone receptor gene expression in sirtalis). Herpetologica 50:137–145. the brain and behavior of Rana catesbeiana Heinen, J.T. 1994b. The significance of color tadpoles. Aquatic Toxicology 80:42–51. change in newly metamorphosed American Helgen, J. 2012. Peril in the Ponds. University toads. Journal of Herpetology 28:87–93. of Massachusetts Press, Amherst. Heinen, J.T. 1995. Predator cues and prey Helgen, J.C., R.G. McKinnell, and M.C. responses: a test using eastern garter snakes Gernes. 1998. Investigation of malformed (Thamnophis s. sirtalis) and American toads northern leopard frogs in Minnesota. Pp. (Bufo a. americanus). Copeia 1995:738–741. 288–297 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Status & Heinen, J.T., and G. Hammond. 1997. Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians. Antipredator behaviors of newly University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. metamorphosed green frogs (Rana clamitans) Helgen, J.C., M.C. Gernes, S.M. Kersten, J.W. and leopard frogs (R. pipiens) in encounters Chirhart, J.T. Canfield, D. Bowers, J. with eastern garter snakes (Thamnophis s. Haferman, R.G. McKinnell, and D.M. sirtalis). American Midland Naturalist Hoppe. 2000. Field investigations of 137:136–144. malformed frogs in Minnesota 1993–97. Heinen, J.T., and J. Abdella. 2005. On the Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science advantages of putative cannibalism in 107:96–112. American toad tadpoles (Bufo a. Heller, C.L. 1960. The Sierra yellow–legged 135

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frog. Yosemite Nature Notes 34:126–128. Hensley, F.R. 1993. Ontogenetic loss of Heller, J.A. 1927. Brewer’s mole as food of the of age at bullfrog. Copeia (165):116. metamorphosis in tadpoles.Ecology 74:2405– Hellman, R.E. 1953. A comparative study of 2412. the eggs and tadpoles of Hyla phaeocrypta Hensley, M. 1959. Albinism in North and Hyla versicolor in Florida. Publications American amphibians and reptiles. of the Research Division, Ross Allen’s Publications of the Museum, Michigan State Reptile Institute 1:61–74. University, Biological Series 1:133–159. Hemesath, L.M. 1998. Iowa’s frog and toad Hensley, M. 1962. Another snake recorded in survey, 1991–1994. Pp. 206–216 In M.J. the diet of the bullfrog. Herpetologica Lannoo (ed.), Status & Conservation of 18:141. Midwestern Amphibians. University of Iowa Hernandez, J.P. 2010. Priority effects of Press, Iowa City. overwintered Rana tadpoles of larval Hemmings, V. 2010. Phylogeography of two southern toad (Bufo terrestris Bonnaterre). closely related anurans, the Relict Leopard M.S. thesis, East Carolina University, Frog (Rana onca) and Lowland Leopard Frog Greenville, North Carolina. (Rana yavapaiensis). M.S. thesis, University Herreid, C.F. II. 1963. Range extension for of Nevada–Las Vegas. Bufo boreas boreas. Herpetologica 19:218. Henderson, G.G., Jr. 1961. Reproductive Herreid, C.F., and S. Kinney. 1966. Survival of potential of Microhyla olivacea. Texas Alaskan woodfrog (Rana sylvatica) larvae. Journal of Science 13:355–356. Ecology 47:1039–1041. Hendricks, F. S. 1973. Intestinal contents of Herreid, C.F., and S. Kinney. 1967. Rana pipiens Schreber (Ranidae) larvae. Temperature and development of the wood Southwestern Naturalist 18:99–101. frog, Rana sylvatica, in Alaska. Ecology Hennen, S. 1964. The karyotype of Rana 48:579–590. sylvatica and its comparison with the Herriman, M.W. 1933. Commercial Frog karyotype of Rana pipiens. Journal of Raising. West Coast Frog Industries, North Heredity 55:124–128. Hollywood, California. Henning, B.M., and A.J. Remsburg. 2009. Herrmann, H.L., K.J. Babbitt, M.J. Baber, and Lakeshore vegetation effects on avian and R.G. Congalton. 2005. Effects of landscape anuran populations. American Midland characteristics on amphibian distribution in a Naturalist 161:123–133. forest–dominated landscape. Biological Henning, J.A., and G. Schirato. 2006. Conservation 123:139–149. Amphibian use of Chehalis River floodplain Hersikorn, B.D. 2010. In–situ caged wood frog wetlands. Northwestern Naturalist 87:209– (Rana sylvatica) survival and development in 214. wetlands formed from oil sands process– Henrich, T.W. 1968. Morphological evidence affected materials. M.S. thesis, University of of secondary intergradation between Bufo Saskatchewan, Saskatoon. hemiophrys Cope and Bufo americanus Hersikorn, B.D., and J.E.G. Smits. 2011. Holbrook in eastern South Dakota. Compromised metamorphosis and thyroid Herpetologica 24:1–13. hormone changes in wood frogs (Lithobates Henshaw, S. 1904. Fauna of New England. 2. sylvaticus) raised on reclaimed wetlands on List of the batrachia. Occasional Papers of the Athabasca oil sands. Environmental the Boston Society of Natural History No. Pollution 159:596–601. 7:1–10. Hersikorn, B.D., J. J.C. Ciborowski, and J. 136

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E.G. Smits. 2010. The effects of oil sands Hinckley. Ecology 20:58–70. wetlands on wood frogs (Rana sylvatica). Higgins, C., and C. Sheard. 1926. Effects of Toxicology & Environmental Chemistry ultraviolet radiation on the early development 92:1513–1527. of Rana pipiens. Journal of Experimental Hetherington, T. E. 1985. Role of the Zoology 46:333–343. opercularis muscle in seismic sensitivity in Higgins, S.A. 2011. Analysis of urea and the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. Journal of glycerol as cryoprotectants in the boreal Experimental Zoology 235: 27–34. chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata). M.S. Hewatt, W.G. 1934. A case of thesis, University of South Dakota, hermaphroditism in Rana catesbeiana Shaw. Vermillion. Copeia 1934:185. Higley, W. K. 1889. Reptilia and Batrachia of Hewitt, H. 1950. The bullfrog as a predator on Wisconsin. Transactions of the Wisconsin ducklings. Journal of Wildlife Management Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 14:244. 7:155–176. Hews, D.K. 1988. Alarm response in larval Hildebrand, H. 1949. Notes on Rana sylvatica western toads, Bufo boreas: release of larval in the Labrador Peninsula. Copeia 1949:168– chemicals by a natural predator and its effect 172. on predator capture efficiency. Animal Hildebrand, W.G. 2009a. Barking Treefrog Behaviour 36:125–133. Hyla gratiosa. Bulletin of the Maryland Hews, D.K., and A.R. Blaustein. 1985. An Herpetological Society 45:81–84. investigation of the alarm responses in Bufo Hildebrand, W.G. 2009b. Gray Treefrog. boreas and Rana cascadae tadpoles. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Behavioral and Neural Biology 43:47–57. Society 45:85–88. Heyer, W.R. 1978. Systematics of the fuscus Hildebrand, W.G. 2009c. Green Treefrog Hyla group of the frog genus Leptodactylus cinerea. Bulletin of the Maryland (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae). Natural History Herpetological Society 45:89–92. Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Hildebrand, W.G. 2009d. American Toad Bulletin 29:1–85. Anaxyrus americanus. Bulletin of the Heyer, W.R. 2002. Leptodactylus fragilis, the Maryland Herpetological Society 45:93–95. valid name for the Middle American and Hildebrand, W.G. 2009e. Fowler’s Toad northern South American white–lipped frog Anaxyrus fowleri. Bulletin of the Maryland (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae). Proceedings of Herpetological Society 45:96–98. the Biological Society of Washington Hildebrand, W.G. 2009f. Northern Cricket 115:321–322. Frog Acris crepitans Bulletin of the Heymann, M.M. 1975. Reptiles and Maryland Herpetological Society 45:99–102. Amphibians of the American Southwest. Hill, H.R. 1948. Amphibians and reptiles of Doubleshoe Publishers, Scottsdale, Arizona. Los Angeles County. Los Angeles County Hibbard, C.W., and A.B. Leonard. 1936. The Museum, Science Series 12, Zoology 5:1–30. occurrence of Bufo punctatus in Kansas. Hill, R.L., M.G. Levy, E.K. Tempe, and J.B. Copeia 1936:114. Kaylock. 2011. Additional reports of the Higginbotham, A.C. 1939. Studies on amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium amphibian activity. 1. Preliminary report on dendrobatidis from Georgia, USA. the rhythmic activity of Bufo americanus Herpetological Review 42:376–378. americanus Holbrook and Bufo fowleri Hillery, C.M. 1984. Seasonality of two 137

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midbrain auditory responses in the treefrog, Geographic distribution, Bufo americanus Hyla chrysoscelis. Copeia 1984:844–852. charlesmithi (Dwarf American Toad). Hillis, D.M. 1981. Premating isolating Herpetological Review 29:246. mechanisms among three species of the Rana Himmelman, J. 2006. Discovering pipiens complex in Texas and southern Amphibians. Frogs and Salamanders of the Oklahoma. Copeia 1981:312–319. Northeast. Down East Books, Camden, Hillis, D.M. 1982. Morphological Maine. differentiation and adaptation of the larvae of Hinckley, M.H. 1880. Notes on eggs and Rana berlandieri and Rana sphenocephala tadpoles of Hyla versicolor. Proceedings of (Rana pipiens complex) in sympatry. Copeia the Boston Society of Natural History 1982:168–174. 21:104–107. Hillis, D.M. 1988. Systematics of the Rana Hinckley, M.H. 1881. On some differences in pipiens complex: puzzle and paradigm. the mouth structure of tadpoles of the Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics anourous batrachians found in Milton, 19:39–63. Mass. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Hillis, D.M. 2007. Constraints in naming parts Natural History 21:307–315. of the Tree of Life. Molecular Phylogenetics Hinckley, M.H. 1882. Notes on the and Evolution 42:331–338. development of Rana sylvatica LeConte. Hillis, D.M., and S.K. Davis. 1986. Evolution Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural of ribosomal DNA: fifty million years of History 22:85–95. recorded history in the frog genus Rana. Hinckley, M.H. 1884. Notes on the peeping Evolution 40:1275–1288. frog, Hyla pickeringii, Leconte. Memoirs of Hillis, D.M., and T.P. Wilcox. 2005. the Boston Society of Natural History 3:311– Phylogeny of the New World true frogs 318. (Rana). Molecular Phylogenetics and Hine, J.S. 1911. Beneficial habits of snakes, Evolution 34:299–314. toads and related animals. The Agricultural Hillis, D.M., J.S. Frost, and D.A. Wright. 1983. College Extension Bulletin, The Ohio State Phylogeny and biogeography of the Rana University 6(7):3–14. pipiens complex: a biochemical evaluation. Hine, R.L., B.L. Les, and B.F. Hellmich. 1981. Systematic Zoology 32:132–143. Leopard frog populations and mortality in Hillis, D.M., A.M. Hillis, and R.F. Martin. Wisconsin, 1974–1976. Wisconsin 1984. Reproductive ecology and Department of Natural Resources, Technical hybridization of the endangered Houston Bulletin No. 122. toad (Bufo houstonensis). Journal of Hinshaw, S.H., and B.K. Sullivan. 1990. Herpetology 18:56–72. Predation on Hyla versicolor and Pseudacris Hillis, D.M., J.T. Collins, and J.P. Bogart. crucifer during reproduction. Journal of 1987. Distribution of diploid and tetraploid Herpetology 24:196–197. species of gray tree frogs (Hyla Hinther, A., T.M. Edwards, L. J. Guillette, and chrysoscelis and Hyla versicolor) in Kansas. C. C. Helbing. 2012. Influence of nitrate and American Midland Naturalist 117:214–217. nitrite on thyroid hormone responsive and Hillman, S.S., P.C. Withers, R.C. Drewes, and stress–associated gene expression in cultured S.D. Hillyard. 2009. Ecological and Rana catesbeiana tadpole tail fin tissue. Environmental Physiology of Amphibians. Frontiers in Genetics doi: 10.3389/fgene. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. 2012.00051. Himes, J.G., and T.W. Bryan. 1998. Hinty, H.W. 1963. Hydropsic tadpoles of Rana 138

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catesbeiana from Ohio. Journal of the Ohio Geographic distribution. Pseudacris nigrita Herpetological Society 4:48. nigrita. Herpetological Review 34:259–260. Hird, D.W., S.L. Diesch, R.G. McKinnell, E. Hobson, J.A. 1966. Electrographic correlates of Gorham, F.B. Martin, S.W. Kurtz, and C. behavior in the frog with special reference to Dubrovolny. 1981. Aeromonas hydrophila in sleep. Electroencephalography and Clinical wild–caught frogs and tadpoles (Rana Neurophysiology 22:113–121. pipiens). Laboratory Animal Science 31:166– Hobson, J.A., C.J. Goin, and O.B. Goin. 1967. 169. Sleep behavior of frogs. Quarterly Journal of Hird, D.W., S.L. Dietsch, R.G. McKinnell, E. the Florida Academy of Sciences 30:184– Gorham, F.B. Martin, C.A. , and M. 186. Gasiorowski. 1983. Enterobacteriaceae and Hobson, J.A., C.J. Goin, and O.B. Goin. 1968. Aeromonas hydrophila in Minnesota frogs Electrographic correlates of behavior in and tadpoles (Rana pipiens). Applied and treefrogs. Nature 220:386–387. Environmental Microbiology 46:1423–1425. Hock, R. 1957. Alaskan zoogeography and Hirschfeld, C.J., and J.T. Collins. 1961. Notes Alaskan amphibia. Proceedings of the Fourth on Ohio herpetology. Journal of the Ohio Alaskan Science Conference 1953, pp. 201– Herpetological Society 3:1–4. 206. Privately Published, Fairbanks. Hirschfield, S.E. 1969. Vertebrate fauna of Hocking, D.J. 2010. Hyla squirella (Squirrel Nichol's Hammock, a natural trap. Quarterly Treefrog). Reproduction. Herpetological Journal of the Florida Academy of Science Review 41:64. 31:177–189. Hocking, D.J., and R.D. Semlitsch. 2007. Hisaoka, K.K., and J.C. List. 1957. The Effects of timber harvest on breeding–site spontaneous occurrence of scoliosis in larvae selection by gray treefrogs (Hyla versicolor). of Rana sylvatica. Transactions of the Biological Conservation 138:506–513. American Microscopical Society 76:381– Hocking, D.J., and R.D. Semlitsch. 2008. 387. Effects of experimental clearcut logging on Höbel, G. 2005a. Rana palustris (Pickerel gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor) tadpole Frog) and Ambystoma maculatum (Spotted performance. Journal of Herpetology 42:689– Salamander). Reproductive behavior. 698. Herpetological Review 36:55–56. Hocking, D.J., T.A.G. Rittenhouse, B.B. Höbel, G. 2005b. Rana clamitans (Green Frog) Rothermel, J.R. Johnson, C.A. Conner, E.B. and Rana catesbeiana (American Bullfrog). Harper, and R.D. Semlitsch. 2008. Breeding Reproduction. Herpetological Review and recruitment phenology of amphibians in 36:439–440. Missouri oak–hickory woodlands. American Höbel, G. 2011. Hyla cinerea (Green Midland Naturalist 160:41–60. Treefrog). Cannibalism and defensive posure. Hodge, R.P. 1976. Amphibians & Reptiles in Herpetological Review 42:85–86. Alaska, the Yukon & Northwest Territories. Höbel, G., and A. Slocum. 2010. Hyla cinerea Alaska Northwest Publishing Co., (Green Treefrog). Morphology. Anchorage. Herpetological Review 41:335–336. Hoff, J.G., and S.A. Moss. 1974. A distress call Hoberg, T., and C. Gause. 1992. Reptiles & in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Copeia amphibians of North Dakota. North Dakota 1974:533–534. Outdoors 55(1):7–19. Hoffman, A.S., J.L. Heemeyer, P.J. Williams, Hobson, C.S., and E.C. Moriarty. 2003. J.R. Robb, D.R. Karns, V.C. Kinney, N.J. 139

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Engbrecht, and M.J. Lannoo. 2010. Strong on Ecology and Transportation 2003 site fidelity and a variety of imaging Proceedings, pp. 431–432. techniques reveal around–the–clock and Hoffman, R.L. 1946. The voice of Hyla extended activity patterns in crawfish frogs versicolor in Virginia. Herpetologica 3:141– (Lithobates areolatus). Bioscience 60:829– 142. 834. Hoffman, R.L. 1955. On the occurrence of two Hoffman, E.A., and M.S. Blouin. 2000. A species of hylid frogs in Virginia. review of color and pattern polymorphisms in Herpetologica 11:30–32. anurans.Biological Journal of the Linnean Hoffman, R.L. 1981. On the occurrence of Society 70:633–665. Pseudacris brachyphona (Cope) in Virginia. Hoffman, E.A., and M.S. Blouin. 2004. Catesbeiana 1:9–13. Evolutionary history of the Northern Leopard Hoffman, R.L. 1996. Hyla chrysoscelis also Frog: reconstruction of phylogeny, crosses the Blue Ridge: sic juvat transcendere phylogeography, and historical changes in montes. Catesbeiana 16:3–8. population demography from mitochondrial Hoffpauir, C., and E.O. Morrison. 1966. DNA. Evolution 58:145–159. Rhabdias ranae from Bufo valliceps. Hoffman, E.A., F.W. Schueler, and M.S. Southwestern Naturalist 11:302. Blouin. 2004. Effective population sizes and Hohn, S. 2003. A survey of New York State temporal stability of genetic structure in pet stores to investigate trade in native Rana pipiens, the northern leopard frog. herpetofauna. Herpetological Review 34:23– Evolution 58:2536–2545. 27. Hoffman, E.A., F.W. Schueler, A.G. Jones, and Hokit, D.G., and A.R. Blaustein. 1994. The M.S. Blouin. 2006. An assessment of effects of kinship on growth and selection on a color polymorphism in the development in tadpoles of Rana cascadae. northern leopard frog. Molecular Ecology Evolution 48:1383–1388. 15:2627–2641. Hokit, D.G., and A.R. Blaustein. 1995. Hoffman, K.E. 2007. Testing the influence of Predator avoidance and alarm–response Cuban treefrogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis) behaviour in kin–discriminating tadpoles on native treefrog detection and abundance. (Rana cascadae). Ethology 101:280–290. M.S. thesis, University of Florida, Hokit, D.G., and A.R. Blaustein. 1997. The Gainesville. effects of kinship on interactions between Hoffman, K.E., and S.A. Johnson. 2008. tadpoles of Rana cascadae. Ecology Osteopilus septentrionalis (Cuban Treefrog). 78:1722–1735. Diet. Herpetological Review 39:339. Hokit, D.G., and A. Brown. 2006. Distribution Hoffman, K.E., S.A. Johnson, and M.E. patterns of wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) in McGarrity. 2009. Interspecific variation in Denali National Park. Northwestern use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe refuges Naturalist 87:128–137. by hylid treefrogs: a potential source of Holbrook, C.T., and J.W. Petranka. 2004. capture bias. Herpetological Review 40:423– Ecological interactions between Rana 426. sylvatica and Ambystoma maculatum: Hoffman, N. 2003. Frog fence along Vermont evidence of interspecific competition and Rt. 2 in Sandbar Wildlife Management Area. facultative intraguild predation. Copeia Collaboration,between Vermont Agency of 2004:932–939. Transportation and Vermont Agency of Holbrook, J.E. 1836. North American Natural Resources. International Conference Herpetology. 1st ed., Vol. 1. J. Dobson and 140

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Son, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Copeia 1957:229. Holbrook, J.E. 1840. North American Holman, J.A. 1958. Notes on reptiles and Herpetology. 1st ed. Vol. 4. J. Dobson and amphibians from Florida caves. Son, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Herpetologica 14:179–180. Holbrook, J.E. 1842. North American Holman, J.A. 1967. Additional Miocene Herpetology, or a Description of the Reptiles anurans from Florida. Quarterly Journal of Inhabiting the United States. 2nd ed., Vol. the Florida Academy of Science 30:121– 4. J. Dobson and Son, Philadelphia, 140. Pennsylvania. Holman, J.A. 1969. The Pleistocene Holland, A.A. 2002. Evaluating boreal toad amphibians and reptiles of Texas. (Bufo boreas) breeding habitat suitability. Publications of the Museum, Michigan State M.S. thesis, Colorado State University, Fort University, Biological Series 4:161–192. Collins. Holman, J.A. 2003. Fossil Frogs and Toads of Holland, A.A., K.R. Wilson, and M.S. Jones. North America. Indiana University Press, 2006. Characteristics of boreal toad (Bufo Bloomington. boreas) breeding habitat in Colorado. Holman, J.A. 2012. The Amphibians and Herpetological Review 37:157–159. Reptiles of Michigan. Wayne State Holland, M. P., D. K. Skelly, M. Kashgarian, University Press, Detroit, Michigan. S. R. Bolden, L. M. Harrison and M. Holman, J.A., and H.W. Campbell. 1958. An Cappello. 2007. Echinostome infection in interesting feeding activity of Microhyla green frogs (Rana clamitans) is stage and age carolinensis. Herpetologica 14:205. dependent. Journal of Zoology 271:455–462. Holman, J.A., H.O. Jackson, and W.H. Hill. Hollenbeck, R.R. 1974. Growth rates and 1964. Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis Smith movements within a population of Rana from extreme southern Illinois. pretiosa pretiosa Baird and Girard in south Herpetologica 20:205. central Montana. Ph.D. dissertation, Montana Holomuzki, J.R. 1995. Oviposition sites and State University, Bozeman. fish–deterrent mechanisms of two stream Hollis, D.M. 1998. Acoustic Relationships of anurans. Copeia 1995:607–613. the western toad, Bufo boreas, and the Holomuzki, J.R. 1997. Habitat–specific life– Yosemite toad, Bufo canorus: vocalization histories and foraging by stream–dwelling and Its role in natural hybridization. M.S. American toads. Herpetologica 53:445–453. thesis, Fresno State University, Fresno, Holomuzki, J.R., and N. Hemphill. 1996. California. Snail–tadpole interactions in streamside Hollis, P. 1972. A survey of the parasites of the pools. American Midland Naturalist bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana Shaw, in central 136:315–327. eastTexas. Southwestern Naturalist 17:198– Holycross, A.T., B.G. Fedorko, and O. Fourie. 200. 1999. Bufo alvarius (Colorado River Toad). Holloway, A.K., D.C. Canatella, H.C. Habitat. Herpetological Review 30:90. Gerhardt, and D.M. Hillis. 2006. Polyploids Holzapfel, R.A. 1935. The cyclic character of with different origins and ancestors form a hibernation of frogs. Ph.D. dissertation, single sexual polyploid species. American University of Oklahoma, Norman. Naturalist 167:E88–E101. Holzapfel, R.A. 1937. Cyclic character of Holman, J.A. 1957. Bullfrog predation on the hibernation of frogs. Quarterly Review of eastern spadefoot, Scaphiopus holbrooki. Biology 12:65–84. 141

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Holzman, N., and J.J. McManus. 1973. Effects malformations in bullfrog larvae (Rana of acclimation on metaboloic rate and catesbeiana) developing in sites polluted by a thermal tolerance in the carpenter frog, Rana coal burning power plant. Environmental vergatipes [sic]. Comparative Biochemistry Toxicology and Contamination 19:862–868. and Physiology 45A:833–842. Hopkins, W.A., S.E. DuRant, B.P. Staub, C.L. Holzwart, J., and K.D. Hall. 1984. The absence Rowe and B.P. Jackson. 2006. Reproduction, of glycerol in the hibernating American toad embryonic development, and maternal (Bufo americanus). Bios 55:31–36. transfer of contaminants in the amphibian Horn, S., and M.D. Ulyshen. 2004. Hyla Gastrophryne carolinensis. Environmental cinerea (Green Tree Frog). Diet. Health Perspectives 114:661–666. Herpetological Review 35:372. Hoppe, D.M. 1975. Selection pressures Homan, R.N., B.S. Windmiller, and J.M. Reid. affecting color polymorphism in montane 2004. Critical thresholds associated with populations of the , habitat loss for two vernal pool–breeding Pseudacris triseriata. Ph.D. dissertation, amphibians. Ecological Applications Colorado State University, Ft.Collins. 14:1547–1553. Hoppe, D.M. 1978. Thermal tolerance in Homyack, J.D., and W. M. Giuliano. 2002. tadpoles of the chorus frog Pseudacris Effect of streambank fencing on herpetofauna triseriata. Herpetologica 34:318–321. in pasture stream zones. Wildlife Society Hoppe, D.M. 1981. Chorus frogs and their Bulletin 30: 361–369. colors. Pp. 7–8 In L. Ewell, K. Cram, and C. Hoopes, I. 1930. Bufo in New England. Johnson (eds.), Ecology of Reptiles and Bulletin of the Boston Society of Natural Amphibians in Minnesota. Proceedings of a History 57:13–20. Symposium. Bald Eagle Outdoor Learning Hoopes, I. 1938. Do you know the mink frog? Center, Cass Lake, Minnesota. New England Naturalist 1:4–6. Hoppe, D.M. 2000. History of Minnesota frog Hoopes, I. 1947. Notes on the spadefoot toad in abnormalities: do recent findings represent a captivity. Copeia 1947:138–139. new phenomenon? Journal of the Iowa Hopey, M.E., and J.W. Petranka. 1994. Academy of Science 107:86–89. Restriction of wood frogs to fish–free Hoppe, D.M. 2005. Malformed frogs in habitats: how important is adult choice versus Minnesota: history and interspecific direct predation? Copeia 1994:1023–1025. differences. Pp. 103–108 In M.J. Lannoo Hopkins, W.A., M.T. Mendonca, and J.D. (ed.), Amphibian Declines. The Conservation Congdon. 1997. Increased circulating levels Status of United States Species. University of of testosterone and corticosterone in California Press, Berkeley. Southern toads, Bufo terrestris, exposed to Hoppe, D.M., and D. Pettus. 1984. coal combustion waste. General and Developmental features influencing color Comparative Endocrinology 108:237–246. polymorphism in chorus frogs. Journal of Hopkins, W.A., M.T. Mendonca, C.L. Rowe, Herpetology 18:113–120. and J.D. Congdon. 1998. Elevated trace Hoppe, D.M., and R.G. McKinnell. 1997. element concentrations in Southern toads, Observations on the status of Minnesota Bufo terrestris, exposed to coal combustion leopard frog populations. Pp. 38–42 In J.J. waste. Archives of Environmental Moriarty and D. Jones (eds.), Minnesota’s Contamination and Toxicology 35:325–329. Amphibians and Reptiles. Their Conservation Hopkins, W.A., J.K. Ray, and J.D. Congdon. and Status. Minnesota Herpetological 2000. Incidence and impact of axial Society, Serpent’s Tale Natural History 142

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boylii. Copeia 1969:184–188. Hovingh, P., B. Benton, and D. Bornholdt. Hoverman, J.T., and R. A. Relyea. 2008. 1985. Aquatic parameters and life history Temporal variation in predation risk: a observations of the Great Basin spadefoot mechanism underlying priority effects. Oikos toad in Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 45:22– 117:23–32. 30. Hoverman, J.T., M.J. Gray, and D.L. Miller. Howard, R.D. 1978a. The influence of male– 2010. Anuran susceptibilies to ranaviruses: defended oviposition sites on early embryo role of species identity, exposure route, and a mortality in bullfrogs. Ecology 59:789–798. novel virus isolate. Diseases of Aquatic Howard, R.D. 1978b. The evolution of mating Organisms 89:97–107. strategies in bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana. Hoverman, J. T., M. J. Gray, N. A. Haislip, and Evolution 32:850–871. D. L. Miller. 2011. Phylogeny, life history, Howard, R.D. 1979. Estimating reproductive and ecology contribute to differences in success in natural populations. American amphibian susceptibility to ranaviruses. Naturalist 114:221–231. EcoHealth 8:301–319. Howard, R.D. 1980. Mating behaviour and Hoverman, J. T., M. J. Gray, D. L. Miller, and mating success in woodfrogs, Rana sylvatica. N. A Haislip. 2012. Widespread occurrence Animal Behaviour 28:705–716. of ranavirus in pond–breeding amphibian Howard, R.D. 1981a. Sexual dimorphism in populations. EcoHealth 9:36–48. bullfrogs. Ecology 62:303–310. Hoverman, J.T., J.R. Mihaljevic, K.L.D. Howard, R.D. 1981b. Male age–size Richgels, J.L. Kerby, and P.T.J. Johnson. distribution and male mating success in 2012. Widespread co–occurrence of virulent bullfrogs. Pp. 61–77 In R.D. Alexander and pathogens within California amphibian D.W. Tinkle (eds.), Natural Selection and communities. EcoHealth 9:288–292. Social Behavior. Chiron Press, New York. Hovey, T.E., and D.R. Begen. 2003. Rana Howard, R.D. 1983. Sexual selection and catesbeiana (Bullfrog). Predation. variation in reproductive success in a long– Herpetological Review 34:360–361. lived organism. American Naturalist Hovey, T.E., and E.L. Ervin. 2005. Pseudacris 122:301–325. cadaverina (California Treefrog). Predation. Howard, R.D. 1984. Alternative mating Herpetological Review 36:304–305. behaviors of young male bullfrogs. American Hovingh, P. 1993a. Zoogeography and Zoologist 24:397–406. paleozoology of leeches, mollusks, and Howard, R.D. 1988a. Sexual selection on male amphibians in Western Bonneville Basin, body size and mating behaviour in American Utah, USA. Journal of 9:41– toads, Bufo americanus. Animal Behaviour 54. 36:1796–1808. Hovingh, P. 1993b. Aquatic habitats, life Howard, R.D. 1988b. Reproductive success in history observations, and zoogeographic two species of anurans. Pp. 99–113 In T.H. considerations of the spotted frog (Rana Clutton–Brock (ed.), Reproductive Success. pretiosa) in Tule Valley, Utah. Great Basin Studies of Individual Variation in Naturalist 53:168–179. Controlling Breeding Systems. University of Hovingh, P. 1997. Amphibians in the eastern Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. Great Basin (Nevada and Utah, USA): a Howard, R.D., and A.G. Kluge. 1985. geographical study with paleozoological Proximate mechanisms of sexual selection in models and conservation implications. wood frogs. Evolution 39:260–277. Herpetological Natural History 5:97–134. Howard, R.D., and J.G. Palmer. 1995. Female 144

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choice in Bufo americanus: effects of Hranitz, J.M., and W.J. Diehl. 2000. Allozyme dominant frequency and call order. Copeia variation and population genetic structure 1995:212–217. during the life history of Bufo woodhousii Howard, R.D., and J.R. Young. 1998. fowleri (Amphibia: Anura). Biochemical Individual variation in male vocal traits and Systematics and Ecology 28: 15–27. female mating preferences in Bufo Hranitz, J.M., T.S. Klinger, F.C. Hill, R.G. americanus. Animal Behaviour 55:1165– Sagar, T. Mencken, and J. Carr. 1993. 1179. Morphometric variation between Bufo Howard, R.D., H.H. Whiteman, and T.I. woodhousii fowleri Hinckley (Anura: Schueller. 1994. Sexual selection in Bufonidae) on Assateague Island, Virginia, American toads: a test of a good–genes and the adjacent mainland. Brimleyana hypothesis. Evolution 48:1286–1300. 19:65–75. Howard, W.E. 1950. Birds as bullfrog food. Hua, J., and R. A. Relyea. 2012. East Coast Copeia 1950:152. versus West Coast: Effects of an insecticide Howe, C.M., M. Berrill, B.D. Pauli, C.C. in communities containing different Helbring, K. Werry, and N. Veldhoen. 2004. amphibian assemblages. Freshwater Science Toxicity of glyphosate–based pesticides to 21:787–799. four North American frog species. Huang, Q. 2011. Deterministic and stochastic Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry structured population models with 23:1928–1938. application to green tree frogs. Ph.D. Howe, G.E., R. Gillis, and R.C. Mowbray. dissertation, University of Louisiana– 1998. Effect of chemical synergy and larval Lafayette. stage on the toxicity of atrazine and alachlor Huang, R. 2011. Detecting the presence of to amphibian larvae. Environmental Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Toxicology and Chemistry 17:519–525. amphibians in Piedmont vs Blue Ridge Howe, R.H., Jr. 1899. North American wood habitats in northern Georgia. M.S. thesis, frogs. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Natural History 28:369–374. Huang, Y.–W., W.H. Karasov, K.A. Patnode, Hoyt, D.L. 1960. Mating behavior and eggs of and C.R. Jefcoate. 1999. Exposure of the Plains spadefoot. Herpetologica 14:57– northern leopard frogs in the Green Bay 67. ecosystem to polychlorinated biphenyls, Hranitz, J.M. 1989. Ecological and genetic polychlorinated dibenzo–p–dioxins, and variation between demes of Bufo woodhousei polychlorinated bibenzofurans is measured fowleri (Hinckley) (Chordata: Amphibia) on by direct chemistry but not hepatic Assateague Island and the adjacent Del–mar– ethoxyresorufin–o–deethylase activity. va peninsula. M.S. thesis, Bloomsburg Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry University, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania. 18:2123–2130. Hranitz, J.M. 1993. Ontogenetic changes in the Hubbs, C.L. 1917. A one–legged cricket frog. expression of isozymes, population genetic Copeia (50):99. structure and heterozygosity–growth Hubbs, C.L. 1918. Bufo fowleri in Michigan, relationships in Bufo woodhousii fowleri Indiana and Illinois. Copeia (55):40–43. (Anura: Bufonidae). Ph.D. dissertation, Hubbs, C., and N.E. Armstrong. 1961. Mississippi State University, Mississippi Minimum developmental temperature State. tolerance of two anurans, Scaphiopus couchi 145

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and Microhyla olivacea. Texas Journal of coloration and mimicry VIII. Further Science 13:358–362. evidence for a frequency–dependent model of Hubbs, C., and F.D. Martin. 1967. Bufo predation. Journal of Herpetology 14:223– valliceps breeding in artificial pools. 230. Southwestern Naturalist 12:105–106. Huheey, J.E., and A. Stupka. 1967. Hubbs, C., T. Wright, and O. Cuellar. 1963. Amphibians and Reptiles of Great Smoky Developmental temperature tolerance of Mountains National Park. University of central Texas populations of two anuran Tennessee Press, Knoxville. amphibians Bufo valliceps and Pseudacris Hulse, A.C., C.J. McCoy, and E.J. Censky. streckeri. Southwestern Naturalist 8:142– 2001. Amphibians and Reptiles of 149. Pennsylvania and the Northeast. Cornell Hudson, G.E. 1942. The amphibians and University Press, Ithaca, New York. reptiles of Nebraska. University of Nebraska, Humfeld, S.C., V.T. Marshall, and M.A. Bee. Nebraska Conservation Bulletin 24. 2009. Context–dependent plasticity of [reprinted 1972] aggressive signalling in a dynamic social Hudson, R.G. 1950. A possible hibernating site environment. Animal Behaviour 78:915–924. for the spring peeper. Copeia 1950:59. Humphries, W.J., and M.A. Sisson. 2012. Long Hudson, R.G. 1952. Observations on cricket distance migrations, landscape use, and frog locomotion. Copeia 1952:185. vulnerability to prescribed fire of the gopher Hudson, R.G. 1954. An annotated list of the frog (Lithobates capito). Journal of reptiles and amphibians of the Unami Valley, Herpetology 46:665–670. Pennsylvania. Herpetologica 10:67–72. Hunka, D.L. 1974. Physiological aspects of Hudson, R.G. 1956. The leopard frog Rana overwintering in the boreal chorus frog, pipiens sphenocephala in southeastern Pseudacris triseriata maculata. M.S. thesis, Pennsylvania. Herpetologica 12:182–183. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. Huey, R.B. 1980. Sprint velocity of tadpoles Hunsaker, D., II, and F.E. Potter, Jr. 1960. (Bufo boreas) through metamorphosis. “Red leg” in a natural population of Copeia 1980:537–540. amphibians. Herpetologica 16:285–286. Hughes, N. 1962. The number and form of Hunsaker, D. II, and P. Breese. 1967. chromosomes in the genus Scaphiopus. Herpetofauna of the Hawaiian Islands. Texas Journal of Science 14:225–228. Pacific Science 21:423–428. Hughes, N. 1963. Notes on two partial albino Hunter, M.L., Jr., J. Albright, and J. Arbuckle. (?) toads, Scaphiopus bombifrons. 1992. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Herpetologica 19:139–140. Maine. Maine Agricultural Experiment Hughes, N. 1965. Comparison of frontoparietal Station, Bulletin 838. bones of Scaphiopus bombifrons and S. Hunt, R.H. 1980. Toad sanctuary in a tarantula hammondii as evidence of interspecific burrow. Natural History 89(3):49–53. hybridization. Herpetologica 21:196–201. Hunter, M.L., Jr., A.J.K. Calhoun, and M. Huheey, J.E. 1965a. Unusual behavior in McCollough. 1999. Maine Amphibians and juvenile toads, Bufo americanus. Journal of Reptiles. University of Maine Press, Orono. the Ohio Herpetological Society 5:33. Hunziker, R. 1999. Bufo punctatus, a fine little Huheey, J.E. 1965b. A toad in the diet of a toad. Reptile & Amphibian Hobbyist frog. Journal of the Ohio Herpetological 4(11):34–38. Society 5:33. Hurst, B. 1944. The amphibians of Prince Huheey, J.E. 1980. Studies in warning Edward Island. Acadian Naturalist 1(3):111– 146

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117. tagged bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana Shaw. Hurter, J. 1911. Herpetology of Missouri. American Midland Naturalist 29:239–241. Transactions of the Academy of Science of Ireland, D.H., A.J. Wirsing, and D.L. Murray. St. Louis 20(5):59–274. 2007. Phenotypically plastic responses of Hutchison, V.H., and L.G. Hill. 1978. Thermal green frog embryos to conflicting predation selection of bullfrog tadpoles (Rana risk. Oecologia 152:162–168. catesbeiana) at different stages of Ireland, T.T., G.L. Wolters, and S.D. development and acclimation temperatures. Schemnitz. 1994. Recolonization of wildlife Journal of Thermal Biology 3:57–60. on a coal strip–mine in northwestern New Ideker, J. 1968. Secondary intergradation Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 39:53–57. between Bufo americanus americanus Irwin, J.T. 2005. Overwintering in northern Holbrook and Bufo woodhousei woodhousei cricket frogs (Acris crepitans). Pp. 55–58 In Girard in southeastern South Dakota. M.A. M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian Declines. The thesis, University of South Dakota, Conservation Status of United States Species. Vermillion. University of California Press, Berkeley. Ideker, J. 1976. Tadpole thermoregulatory Irwin, J.T., J.P. Costanzo, and R.E. Lee, Jr. behavior facilitates grackle predation. Texas 1999. Terrestrial hibernation in the northern Journal of Science 27:244–245. cricket frog, Acris crepitans. Canadian Ideker, J. 1979. Adult fimbriolatus are Journal of Zoology 77:1240–1246. predaceous (Coleoptera: ). Irwin, J. T., J. P. Costanzo, and R. E. Lee. Coleopterists Bulletin 33:41–44. 2003. Postfreeze reduction of locomotor Illingworth, J.F. 1941. Feeding habits of Bufo endurance in the freeze–tolerant wood frog, marinus. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Rana sylvatica. Physiological and Entomological Society 11:51. Biochemical Zoology 76: 331–338. Ingles, L.G. 1932a. Cephalogonimus Irwin, K.J., C.K. Dodd, Jr., and M.L. Griffey. brevicirrus, a new species of trematode from 1999. Geographic distribution. Scaphiopus the intestine of Rana aurora from California. holbrooki (Eastern Spadefoot Toad). University of California Publications in Herpetological Review 30:232. Zoology 37:203–210. Irwin, K.J., L. Irwin, T.W. Taggart, J.T. Ingles, L.G. 1932b. Four new species of Collins, and S.L. Collins. 2001. An Haematoloechus (Trematoda) from Rana herpetofaunal survey of the Apalachicola aurora draytoni from California. barrier islands, Florida: the 2000–2001 University of California Publications in season. Kansas Herpetological Society Zoology 37:189–201. Newsletter (123):12–15. Ingles, L.G. 1936. Worm parasites of Irwin, M.S. 1929. A new lung fluke from Rana California amphibia. Transactions of the clamitans Latreille. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 55:73– American Microscopical Society 48:74–79. 92. Isaacs, J.S. 1971. Temporal stability of Ingles, L.G., and M.P. Langston. 1933. A new vertebral stripe color in a cricket frog species of bladder fluke from California population. Copeia 1971:551–552. frogs. Transactions of the American Isola, M. 2011. Does the matrix matter? A Microscopical Society 52:243–245. comparison on phenology and habitat Ingram, W.M., and E.C. Raney. 1943. utilization of two treefrog species in the Big Additional studies on the movement of Cypress National Preserve. M.S. thesis, 147

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Florida International University, Miami. D.F. Bradford. 2001. Rediscovering Rana Iverson, J.B. 1973. Hyla cinerea (Green onca: evidence for phylogenetically distinct Treefrog). HISS News Journal 1:153. leopard frogs from the border region of Jackman, R., S. Nowicki, D.J. Aneshansley, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. Copeia and T. Eisner. 1983. Predatory capture of 2001:339–354. toads by fly larvae. Science 222:515–516. Jaeger, R.G., and J.P. Hailman. 1971. Two Jackson, A.W. 1952. The effect of temperature, types of phototactic behaviour in anuran humidity, and barometric pressure on the rate amphibians. Nature 230:189–190. of call in Acris crepitans Baird in Brazos Jaeger, R.G., and J.P. Hailman. 1973. Effects County, Texas. Herpetologica 8:18–20. of intensity on the phototactic responses of Jackson, C.G., Jr., and M.M. Jackson. 1970. adult anuran amphibians: a comparative Herpetofauna of Dauphin Island, Alabama. survey. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of 33:352–407. Sciences 33:281–287. Jaeger, R.G., and J.P. Hailman. 1976a. Jackson, D.R., and E.G. Milstrey. 1989. The Ontogenetic shift of spectral phototactic fauna of gopher tortoise burrows. Pp. 86–98 preferences in anuran tadpoles. Journal of In J.E. Diemer, D.R. Jackson, J.L. Landers, Comparative Physiology and Psychology J.N. Layne, and D.A. Wood (eds.), Gopher 90:930–945. Tortoise Relocation Symposium Proceedings, Jaeger, R.G., and J.P. Hailman. 1976b. Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Phototaxis in anurans: relation between Commission, Nongame Wildlife Program intensity and spectral preferences. Copeia Technical Report No.5. 1976:92–98. Jackson, H.H.T. 1914. The land vertebrates of James, M.T., and T.P. Maslin. 1947. Notes on Ridgeway Bog, Wisconsin: their ecological myiasis of the toad, Bufo boreas boreas succession and source of ingression. Bulletin Baird and Girard. Journal of the Washington of the Wisconsin Natural History Society Academy of Sciences 37:366–368. 12:4–54. James, P. 1966. The , Jackson, J.T., F.W. Weckerly, T.M. Swannack, Rhinophrynus dorsalis, an addition to the and M.R.J. Forstner. 2006. Inferring absence vertebrate fauna of the United States. Texas of Houston toads given imperfect detection Journal of Science 18:272–276. probabilities.Journal of Wildlife Management James, S.M. 2005. Amphibian metamorphosis 70:1461–1463. and juvenile terrestrial performance Jacobs, D.L. 1950. Pseudacris nigrita following chronic cadmium exposure in the triseriata on the north shore of Lake aquatic environment. Ph.D. dissertation, Superior. Copeia 1950:154. University of Missouri, Columbia. Jacobs, L., and J.E. Houlahan. 2011. Adjacent James, S.M., and R.D. Semlitsch. 2011. land–use affects amphibian community Terrestrial performance of juvenile frogs in composition and species richness in managed two habitat types after chronic exposure to a forests in New Brunswick, Canada. contaminant. Journal of Herpetology 45:186– Canadian Journal of Forest Research 194. 41:1687–1697. James, S.M., E.E. Little, and R.D. Semlitsch. Jacobson, N.L. 1989. Breeding dynamics of the 2004a. Effects of multiple routes of cadmium Houston toad. Southwestern Naturalist exposure on the hibernation success of the 34:374–380. American Toad (Bufo americanus). Archives Jaeger, J.R., B.R. Riddle, R.D. Jennings, and of Environmental Contamination and 148

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Toxicology 46:518–527. 25:180–194. James, S.M., E.E. Little, and R.D. Semlitsch. Jameson, D.L., and R.C. Richmond. 1971. 2004b. The effect of soil composition and Parallelism and convergence in the evolution hydration on the bioavailability and toxicity of size and shape in Holarctic Hyla. of cadmium to hibernating juvenile American Evolution 25:497–508. toads (Bufo americanus). Environmental Jameson, D.L., J.P. Mackey, and R.C. Pollution 132:523–532. Richmond. 1966. The systematics of the James, S.M., E.E. Little, and R.D. Semlitsch. Pacific tree frog, Hyla regilla. Proceedings of 2005. Metamorphosis of two amphibian the California Academy of Sciences species after chronic cadmium exposure in 33(19):551–620. outdoor aquatic mesocosms. Environmental Jameson, D.L., W. Taylor, and J. Mountjoy. Toxicology and Chemistry 24:1994–2001. 1970. Metabolic and morphological Jameson, D.L. 1950a. The development of adaptation to heterogenous environments by Eleutherodactylus latrans. Copeia 1950:44– the Pacific tree toad, Hyla regilla. Evolution 46. 24:75–89. Jameson, D.L. 1950b. The breeding and Jameson, D.L., J.P. Mackey, and M. Anderson. development of Strecker’s chorus frog in 1973. Weather, climate, and the external central Texas. Copeia 1950:61. morphology of Pacific tree toads. Evolution Jameson, D.L. 1954. Social patterns in the 27:285–302. leptodactylid frogs Syrrhophus and Jameson, E.W., Jr. 1947. The food of the Eleutherodactylus. Copeia 1954:36–38. western cricket frog. Copeia 1947:212. Jameson, D.L. 1955. The population dynamics Jamieson, D.H., and S.E. Trauth. 1996. Dietary of the cliff frog, Syrrhophus marnocki. diversity and overlap between two subspecies American Midland Naturalist 54:342–381. of spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus holbrookii Jameson, D.L. 1956a. Growth, dispersal and holbrookii and S. h. hurterii) in Arkansas. survival of the Pacific tree frog. Copeia Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of 1956:25–29. Science 50:75–78. Jameson, D. L. 1956b. Survival of some central Jamieson, D.H., S.E. Trauth, and C.T. Texas frogs under natural conditions. Copeia McAllister. 1993. Food habits of male bird– 1956: 55–57. voiced treefrogs, Hyla avivoca (Anura: Jameson, D.L. 1957. Population structure and Hylidae), in Arkansas. Texas Journal of homing responses in the Pacific tree frog. Science 45:45–49. Copeia 1957:221–228. Jansen, K.P., A.P. Summers, and P.R. Delis. Jameson, D.L., and A.G. Flury. 1949. The 2001. Spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus reptiles and amphibians of the Sierra Vieja holbrookii holbrookii) in an urban range of southwestern Texas. Texas Journal landscape: effects of nonnatural substrates on of Science 1:54–79. burrowing in adults and juveniles. Journal of Jameson, D.L., and R.M. Myers. 1956. Food Herpetology 35:141–145. habits in juvenile frogs. Copeia 1956:261. Janson, H.S. 1953. Skittering locomotion in the Jameson, D.L., and R.M. Myers. 1957. Albino frog Hyla cinerea cinerea. Copeia 1953:62. Pacific tree frogs. Herpetologica 13:74. Jasienski, M. 1992. Kinship effects and Jameson, D.L., and S. Pequegnat. 1971. plasticity of growth in amphibian larvae. Estimation of relative viability and fecundity Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, of color polymorphism in anurans. Evolution Cambridge, Massachusetts. 149

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Jaslow, A.P., and R.C. Vogt. 1977. Assessements and Scientific Basis for Identification and distribution of Hyla Management Options. Center for Water and versicolor and Hyla chrysoscelis in Wildland Resources, University of Wisconsin. Herpetologica 33:201–205. California, Davis, California. Jay, J.M., and W.J. Pohley. 1981. Jennings, M.R. 2005. Rana fisheri Stejneger, Dermosporidium penneri sp. n. from the skin 1893.Vegas Valley Leopard Frog. Pp. 554– of the American toad, Bufo americanus 555 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian (Amphibia: Bufonidae). Journal of Declines. The Conservation Status of United Parasitology 67:108–110. States Species. University of California Jefferson, D.M., and R.W. Russell. 2008. Press, Berkeley. Ontogenetic and fertilizer effects on stable Jennings, M.R., and M.P. Hayes. 1985. Pre– isotopes in the green frog (Rana clamitans). 1900 overharvest of California red–legged Applied Herpetology 5:189–196. frogs (Rana aurora draytonii): the Jeffery, B.M., J.H. Waddle, and J.A. Maskell. inducement for bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) 2004. Hyla cinerea (Green Treefrog). introduction. Herpetologica 41:94–103. Predation. Herpetological Review 35:158. Jennings, M.R., and M.P. Hayes. 1994a. Jenkins, J.R. 2000. Bioenergetics of freeze– Decline of native ranid frogs in the desert thaw cycles in the chorus frog (Pseudacris Southwest. Pp. 183–211 In P.R. Brown and triseriata). M.S. thesis, University of South J.W. Wright (eds.), Herpetology of the North Dakota, Vermillion. American Deserts. Proceedings of a Jennette, M.A. 2010. Lithobates sylvaticus Symposium. Southwestern Herpetologists (Wood Frog). Egg predation. Herpetological Society, Special Publication No. 5. Review 41:476–477. Jennings, M.R., and M.P. Hayes. 1994b. Jenni, D.A. 1969. A study of the ecology of Amphibian and reptile species of special four species of herons during the breeding concern in California. California Department season at Lake Alice, Alachua County, of Fish and Game, Inland Fisheries Division, Florida. Ecological Monographs 39:245–270. Rancho Cordova, California. Jennings, M.R. 1987. Rana catesbeiana Jennings, M.R., and M.P. Hayes. 2005. Rana (Bullfrog). Feeding. Herpetological Review boylii (Foothill Yellow–legged Frog). 18:33. Coloration. Herpetological Review 36:438. Jennings, M.R. 1988. Natural history and Jennings, M.R., D.F. Bradford, and D.F. decline of native ranids in California. Pp. 61– Johnson. 1992. Dependence of the garter 72 In H.P. De Lisle, P.R. Brown, B. snake Thamnophis elegans on amphibians in Kaufman, and B.M. McGurty (eds.), the Sierra Nevada of California. Journal of Proceedings of the Conference on California Herpetology 26:503–505. Herpetology. Southwestern Herpetologists Jennings, M.R., J.C. Crayon, and R.L. Hothem. Society, Special Publication No. 4, Van 2005. Bufo boreas halophilus (California Nuys, California. Toad) and Rana catesbeiana (American Jennings, M.R. 1988. Origin of the population Bullfrog). Amplexus. Herpetological Review of Rana aurora draytonii on Santa Cruz 36:53. Island, California. Herpetological Review Jennings, R.D., and N.J. Scott, Jr. 1993. 19:76. Ecologically correlated morphological Jennings, M.R. 1996. Status of amphibians. Pp. variation in tadpoles of the leopard frog, 921–944 In Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Rana chiricahuensis. Journal of Herpetology Project: Final Report to Congress. Vol. II. 27:285–293. 150

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Jense, G.K., and R.L. Linder. 1970. Food Behavioral responses of the male green frog, habits of badgers in eastern South Dakota. Rana clamitans, to its recorded call. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy Herpetologica 24:181–182. of Science 49:37–41. Jilek, R., and R. Wolff. 1978. Occurrence of Jensen, J.B. 1996. Bufo terrestris (Southern Spinitectus gracilis (Nematoda, Spiuroidea) toad). Egg toxicity. Herpetological Review in the toad Bufo woodhousei fowleri. Journal 27:138–139. of Parasitology 64:619. Jensen, J.B. 2000. Rana capito (Gopher Frog). Jirků, M., M.G. Bolek, C.M. Whipps, J. Predation. Herpetological Review 31:42. Janovy, Jr., M.L. Kent, and D. Modrý. 2006. Jensen, J.B. 2004. Little grass frog Pseudacris A new species of Myxidium (Myxosporea: ocularis (Bosc and Daudin). P. 27 In R.E. Myxidiidae), from the western chorus frog, Mirarchi, M.A. Bailey, T.M. Haggerty, and Pseudacris triseriata triseriata, and T.L. Best (eds.), Alabama Wildlife. Vol. 3. Blanchard’s cricket frog, Acris crepitans Imperiled Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, and blanchardi (Hylidae), from eastern Nebraska: Mammals. University of Alabama Press, morphology, phylogeny, and critical Tuscaloosa. comments on amphibian Myxidium Jensen, J.B., J.G. Palis, and M.A. Bailey. 1995. taxonomy. Journal of Parasitology 92:611– Rana capito sevosa (Dusky Gopher Frog). 619. Submerged vocalization. Herpetological Jofré, M.B., and W.H. Karasov. 1999. Direct Review 26:98. effect of ammonia on three species of North Jensen, J.B., M.A. Bailey, E.L. Blankenship, American anuran amphibians. Environmental and C.D. Camp. 2003. The relationship Toxicology and Chemistry 18:1806–1812. between breeding by the gopher frog, Rana Jofré, M.B., M.L. Rosenshield, and W.H. capito (Amphibia: Ranidae) and rainfall. Karasov. 2000. Effects of PCB 126 and American Midland Naturalist 150:185– ammonia, alone and in combination, on green 190. frog (Rana clamitans) and leopard frog (R. Jensen, J.B., C.D. Camp, W. Gibbons, and M.J. pipiens) hatching success, development, and Elliott (eds.). 2008. Amphibians and Reptiles metamorphosis. Journal of the Iowa of Georgia. University of Georgia Press, Academy of Science 107:113–122. Athens. Johansen, F. 1926. Occurrences of frogs on Jenssen, T.A. 1967. Food habits of the green Anticosti Island and Newfoundland. frog, Rana clamitans, before and during Canadian Field–Naturalist 40:16. metamorphosis. Copeia 1967:214–218. Johansen, K. 1962. Observations on the wood Jenssen, T.A. 1968. Some morphological and frog Rana sylvatica in Alaska. Ecology behavioral characteristics of an intergrade 43:146–147. population of the green frog, Rana clamitans, John, K.R., and D. Fenster. 1975. The effects in southern Illinois. Transactions of the of partitions on the growth rates of crowded Illinois State Academy of Science 61:252– Rana pipiens tadpoles. American Midland 259. Nauralist 93:123–130. Jenssen, T.A., and W.D. Klimstra. 1966. Food John, K.R., and J.M. Fusaro. 1981. Growth and habits of the green frog, Rana clamitans, in metamorphosis of solitary Rana pipiens southern Illinois. American Midland tadpoles in confined space. Copeia Naturalist 76:169–182. 1981:737–741. Jenssen, T.A., and W.B. Preston. 1968. John–Alder, H.B., and P.J. Morin. 1990. 151

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Effects of larval density on jumping ability insect growth regulator on temperature and stamina in newly metamorphosed Bufo tolerance in hydrated and dehydrated juvenile woodhousii fowleri. Copeia 1990:856–860. Western toads, Bufo boreas. Comparative John–Alder, H.B., P.J. Morin, and S.P. Lawler. Biochemistry and Physiology 53A:147–149. 1988. Thermal physiology, phenology, and Johnson, D.H., M.D. Bryant, and A.H. Miller. distribution of tree frogs. American 1948. Vertebrate animals of the Providence Naturalist 132:506–520. Mountains area of California. University of John–Alder, H.B., M.C. Barnhart, and A.F. California Publications in Zoology 48:221– Bennett. 1989. Thermal sensitivity of 376. swimming performance and muscle Johnson, D.H., S.C. Fowle, and J.A. Jundt. contraction in northern and southern 2000. The North American reporting center populations of tree frogs (Hyla crucifer). for amphibian malformations. Journal of Journal of Experimental Biology 142:357– the Iowa Academy of Science 107:123–127. 372. Johnson, D.H., and R.D. Batie. 2001. Surveys Johnson, B. 1989. Familiar Amphibians and of calling amphibians in North Dakota. Reptiles of Ontario. Natural Heritage/Natural Prairie Naturalist 33:227–247. History, Inc., Toronto, Ontario. Johnson, J.R. 2005a. Multi–scale investigations Johnson, B.K., and J.L. Christiansen. 1976. of gray treefrog movements: patterns of The food and food habits of Blanchard’s migration, dispersal, and gene flow. Ph.D. cricket frog, Acris crepitans blanchardi dissertation, University of Missouri, (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae), in Iowa. Journal Columbia. of Herpetology 10:63–74. Johnson, J.R. 2005b. Hyla versicolor (Gray Johnson, C. 1959. Genetic incompatibility in Treefrog). Record size. Herpetological the call races of Hyla versicolor Le Conte in Review 36:302. Texas. Copeia 1959:327–335. Johnson, J.R., and R.D. Semlitsch. 2003. Johnson, C. 1963. Additional evidence of Defining core habitat of local populations of sterility between the call–types in the Hyla the gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor) based on versicolor complex. Copeia 1963:139–143. choice of oviposition site. Oecologia Johnson, C. 1966. Species recognition in the 137:205–210. Hyla versicolor complex. Texas Journal of Johnson, J.R., J.H. Knouft, and R.D. Semlitsch. Science 18:361–364. 2007. Sex and seasonal differences in the Johnson, C.E. 1933. Absence of one eye in a spatial terrestrial distribution of gray treefrog frog. Copeia 1933:79–80. (Hyla versicolor) populations. Biological Johnson, C.R. 1980. The effects of five Conservation 140:250–258. organophosphorus insecticides on thermal Johnson, J.R., R.D. Mahan and R.D. Semlitsch. stress in tadpoles of the Pacific treefrog, Hyla 2008. Seasonal terrestrial microhabitat use by regilla. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean gray treefrogs (Hyla versicolor) in Missouri Society 69:143–147. oak–hickory forests. Herpetologica 64:259– Johnson, C.R., and R.B. Bury. 1965. Food of 269. the Pacific treefrog, Hyla regilla Baird and Johnson, K.A. 2003. Abiotic factors Girard, in northern California. Herpetologica influencing the breeding, movement, and 21:56–58. foraging of the eastern spadefoot (Scaphiopus Johnson, C.R., and J.E. Prine. 1976. The holbrookii) in West Virginia. M.S. thesis, effects of sublethal concentrations of Marshall University, Huntington, West organophosphorus insecticides and an Virginia. 152

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Johnson, K.E., and L. Eidietis. 2005. Tadpole A.R. Blaustein. 2002. Parasite (Riberoia body zones differ with regard to strike ondatrae) infection linked to amphibian frequencies and kill rates by malformations in the western United States. naiads. Copeia 2005:909–913. Ecological Monographs 72:151–168. Johnson, L.M. 1988. Habitat selection in Johnson, P.T.J., D.R. Sutherland, J.M. relation to food and feeding strategies of Kinsella, and K.B. Lunde. 2004. Review of larval northern cricket frogs (Acris the trematode genus Ribeiroia crepitans). M.S. thesis, Illinois State (Psilostomidae): ecology, life history and University, Normal. pathogenesis with special emphasis on the Johnson, L.M. 1991. Growth and development amphibian malformation problem. Advances of larval northern cricket frogs (Acris in Parasitology 57:191–253. crepitans) in relation to phytoplankton Johnson, P.T.J., E.R. Preu , D.R. Sutherland, abundance. Freshwater Biology 25:51–59. J.M. Romansic, B. Han, and A.R. Blaustein. Johnson, O.W. 1965. Early development, 2006.Adding infection to injury: synergistic embryonic temperature tolerance and rate of effects of predation and parasitism on development in Rana pretiosa luteiventris amphibian malformations. Ecology 87:2227– Thompson. Ph.D. dissertation, Oregon State 2235 University, Corvallis. Johnson, P.T.J., V.J. McKenzie, A.C. Peterson, Johnson, P.T.J., and D.R. Sutherland. 2003. J.L. Kerby, J. Brown, A.R. Blaustein, and T. Amphibian deformities and Ribeiroia Jackson. 2011. Regional decline of an iconic infection: an emerging helminthiasis. Trends amphibian associated with elevation, land– in Parasitology 19:332–335. use change, and invasive species. Johnson, P.T.J., and J.M. Chase. 2004. Conservation Biology 25:556–566. Parasites in the food web: linking amphibian Johnson, P.T.J., J.R. Rohr, J.T. Hoverman, E. malformations and aquatic eutrophication. Kellermanns, J. Bowerman, and K.B. Lunde. Ecology Letters 7:521–526. 2012. Living fast and dying of infection: host Johnson, P.T.J., K.B. Lunde, E.G. Ritchie, and life history drives interspecific variation in A.E. Launer. 1999. The effect of trematode infection and disease risk. Ecology Letters infection on amphibian limb development 15:235–242. and survivorship. Science 284:802–804. Johnson, R.N., D.G. Young, and J.F. Butler. Johnson, P.T.J., K.B. Lunde, R.W. Haight, J. 1993. Trypanosome transmission by Bowerman, and A.R. Blaustein. 2001a. Corethrella wirthi (Diptera: Chaoboridae) to Rebeiroia ondatrae (Trematoda: Digenea) the green treefrog Hyla cinerea (Anurra: infection induces severe limb malformations Hylidae). Journal of Medical Entomology in Western toads (Bufo boreas). Canadian 30:918–921. Journal of Zoology 79:370–379. Johnson, S.A. 1996. Hyla femoralis (Pine Johnson, P.T.J., K.B. Lunde, E.G. Ritchie, J.K. Woods Treefrog). Predation. Herpetological Reaser, and A.E. Launer. 2001b. Review 27:140. Morphological abnormality patterns in a Johnson, S.A., and R.C. Means. 2000. Hyla California amphibian community. squirella (Squirrel Tree Frog). Reproduction. Herpetologica 57:336–352. Herpetological Review 31:100. Johnson, P.T.J., K.B. Lunde, E.M. Thurman, Johnson, S.A., and M. McGarrity. 2010. E.G. Ritchie, S.N. Wray, D.R. Sutherland, Identification Guide to the Frogs of Florida. J.M. Kapfer, T.J. Frest, J. Bowerman, and University of Florida Extension Service, 153

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of the toad, Bufo woodhousei fowleri Knapp, R.A., and J.A.T. Morgan. 2006. Hinckley. Transactions of the Illinois State Tadpole mouthpart depigmentation as an Academy of Science 58:11–26. accurate indicator of chytridiomycosis, an Kline, J. 1998. Monitoring amphibians in emerging disease of amphibians. Copeia created and restored wetlands. Pp. 360–368 2006:188–197. In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Status & Distribution Knapp, R.A., K.R. Matthews, and O. Sarnelle. of Midwestern Amphibians. University of 2001. Resistance and resilience of alpine lake Iowa Press, Iowa City. fauna to fish introductions. Ecological Klomberg, K.F., and C.A. Marler. 2000. The Monographs 71:401–421. neuropeptide arginine vasotocin alters male Knapp, R.A., K.R. Matthews, H.K. Preisler, call characteristics involved in social and R. Jellison. 2003. Developing interactions in the grey treefrog, Hyla probabilistic models to predict amphibian site versicolor. Animal Behaviour 59:807–812. occupancy in a patchy landscape. Ecological Kluger, M.J. 1977. Fever in the frog Hyla Applications 13:1069–1082. cinerea. Journal of Thermal Biology 2:79– Knapp, R.A., D.M. Boiano, and V.T. 81. Vredenburg. 2007. Removal of nonnative Klugh, A.B. 1922. The economic value of the fish results in a population expansion of a leopard frog. Copeia (102):14–15. declining amphibian (mountain yellow– Klump, G.M., and H.C. Gerhardt. 1986. legged frog, Rana muscosa). Biological Rufstrategtien von Laubfroschmannchen Conservation 135:11–20. (Hyla species) und Partnerwahl der Knapp, R.A., C.J. Briggs, T.C. Smith, and J.R. Weibchen. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Maurer. 2011. Nowhere to hide: impact of a Zoologischen Gesellschaft 76:25–35. temperature–sensitive amphibian pathogen Klump, G.M., and H.C. Gerhardt. 1987. Use of along an elevation gradient in the temperate non–arbitrary acoustic criteria in mate choice zone. Ecosphere 2:1–26. by female gray tree frogs. Nature 326:286– Knight, E.L. 1972. Notes on cave–dwelling 288. Rana palustris in Mississippi. Bulletin of the Klymus, K.E., S.C. Humfeld, V.T. Marshall, Maryland Herpetological Society 8:88. D. Cannatella, and H.C. Gerhardt. 2010. Knight, M.T., G.J. Barbay, and E.O. Morrison. Molecular patterns of differentiation in 1965. Incidence of infection by lung–fluke canyon treefrogs (Hyla arenicolor): evidence (Haematoleochus) of the bullfrog, Rana for introgressive hybridization with the catesbeiana, in Jefferson County, Texas. Arizona treefrog (H. wrightorum) and Southwestern Naturalist 10:141–142. correlations with advertisement call Knowlton, G.F. 1944. Some insect food of differences. Journal of Evolutionary Biology Rana pipiens. Copeia 1944:119. 23:1425–1435. Knutson, M.G., J.R. Sauer, D.A. Olsen, M.J. Knapp, R.A. 2005. Effects of nonnative fish Mossman, L.M. Hemesath, and M.J. Lannoo. and habitat characteristics on lentic 2000. Landscape associations of frogs and herpetofauna in Yosemite National Park, toad species in Iowa and Wisconsin, U.S.A. USA. Biological Conservation 121:265–279. Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science Knapp, R.A., and K.R. Matthews. 2000. Non– 107:134–145. native fish introductions and the decline of Knutson, M.G., W.B. Richardson, D.M. the mountain yellow–legged frog from Reineke, B.R. Gray, J.R. Parmelee, and S.E. within protected areas. Conservation Biology Weick. 2004. Agricultural ponds support 14:428–438. amphibian populations. Ecological 162

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Applications 14:669–684. 2006a. Environmental factors influencing Koch, E.D., and C.R. Peterson. 1995. trematode prevalence in grey tree frog (Hyla Amphibians & Reptiles of Yellowstone and versicolor) tadpoles in southern Ontario. Grand Teton National Parks. University of Journal of Parasitology 92:997–1001. Utah Press, Salt Lake City. Koprivnikar, J., M. R. Forbes, and R. L. Kocher, T.D., and R.D. Sage. 1986. Further Baker. 2006b. On the efficacy of anti– genetic analyses of a hybrid zone between parasite behaviour: a case study of tadpole leopard frogs (Rana pipiens complex) in susceptibility to cercariae of Echinostoma central Texas. Evolution 40:21–33. trivolvis. Canadian Journal of Zoology Kofron, C.P. 1978. Foods and habitats of 84:1623–1629. aquatic snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes) in a Koprivnikar, J., M. R. Forbes, and R. L. Baker. Louisiana swamp. Journal of Herpetology 2008. Larval amphibian growth and 12:543–554. development under varying density: are Koller, R.L., and A.J. Gaudin. 1977. An parasitized individuals poor competitors? analysis of helminth infections in Bufo Oecologia 155:641– 649. boreas (Amphibia: Bufonidae) and Hyla Koprivnikar, J., D.J. Marcogliese, J.R. Rohr, regilla (Amphibia: Hylidae) in southern S.A. Orlofske, T.R. Raffel, and P.T.J. California. Southwestern Naturalist 21:503– Johnson. 2012. Macroparasite infections of 509. amphibians: What can they tell us? Ecohealth Kolozsvary, M.B. 2003. Hydroperiod of 9:342–360. wetlands and reproduction in wood frogs Korb, R.M. 2001. Wisconsin Frogs. Places to (Rana sylvatica) and spotted salamanders hear frogs and toads near our urban areas. (Ambystoma maculatum). Ph.D. dissertation, Northeastern Wisconsin Audubon, Inc., University of Maine, Orono. Green Bay. Kolozsvary, M.B., and R.K. Swihart. 1999. Korfel, C.A. 2012. Distribution and Habitat fragmentation and the distribution of environmental correlates between amphibians amphibians: patch and landscape correlates in and the fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium farmland. Canadian Journal of Zoology dendrobatidis. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State 77:1288–1299. University, Columbus. Kolter, P.C. 1963. A hermaphroditic bullfrog. Korfel, C.A., W.J. Mitsch, T.E. Hetherington, Turtox News 41(12):290–293. and J.J. Mack. 2010. Hydrology, Komarek, E.V., Sr. 1969. Fire and animal physiochemistry, and amphibians in natural behavior. Proceedings of the Tall Timbers and created vernal pool wetlands. Restoration Conference on Fire Ecology 9:161–167. Ecology 18:843–854. Kopeny, M. 1988. White–tailed hawk. Pp. 97– Korky, J.D. 1978. Differentiation of the larvae 104 In Proceedings of the Southwest Raptor of members of the Rana pipiens complex in Management Symposium, National Wildlife Nebraska. Copeia 1978:455–459. Federation, Washington, D.C. Korky, J.K., and J.A. Smallwood. 2011. Koprivnikar, J. 2010. Interactions of Geographic variation in northern green frog environmental stressors impact survival and larvae, Lithobates clamitans melanotus, in development of parasitized larval northwestern New Jersey. Bulletin of the amphibians. Ecological Applications Maryland Herpetological Society 47:1–10. 20:2263–2272. Kornilev, Y.V. 2007. Bufo terrestris (Southern Koprivnikar, J., R.L. Baker, and M.R. Forbes. toad). Arboreal behavior. Herpetological 163

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Review 38:319. tagged with Co60. Journal of Herpetology Korschgen, L.J. 1970. Soil–food–chain– 7:231–235. pesticide wildlife relationships in aldrin– Kramer, D.C. 1974. Home range of the western treated fields. Journal of Wildlife chorus frog Pseudacris triseriata triseriata. Management 34:186–199. Journal of Herpetology 8:245–246. Korschgen, L.J., and D.L. Moyle. 1955. Food Kramer, D.C. 1978. Viability of the eggs of habits of the bullfrog in central Missouri farm Pseudacris triseriata (Amphibia, Anura, ponds. American Midland Naturalist 54:332– Hylidae). Journal of Herpetology 12:119– 341. 120. Korschgen, L.J., and T.S. Baskett. 1963. Foods Kraus, F. 2009. Alien Reptiles and of impoundment– and stream–dwelling Amphibians. A Scientific Compendium and bullfrogs in Missouri. Herpetologica Analysis. Springer, Dordrecht, The 19:89–99. Netherlands. Koster, W.J. 1946. The robber frog in New Kraus, F., and E.W. Campbell III. 2002. Mexico. Copeia 1946:173. Human–mediated escalation of a formerly Krakauer, T. 1968. The ecology of the eradicable problem: the invasion of Neotropical toad, Bufo marinus, in south Caribbean frogs in the Hawaiian Islands. Florida. Herpetologica 24:214–221. Biological Invasions 4:327–332. Krakauer, T. 1970a. The invasion of the toads. Kraus, F., and F. Duvall. 2004. New records of Florida Naturalist 43(1):12–14. alien reptiles and amphibians in Hawai’i. Krakauer, T. 1970b. Tolerance limits of the Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 79:62– toad, Bufo marinus, in south Florida. 64. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Kraus, F., E.W. Campbell, A. Allison, and T. 33:15–26. Pratt. 1999. Eleutherodactylus frog Kramek, W.C. 1972. Food of the frog Rana introductions to Hawaii. Herpetological septentrionalis in New York. Copeia Review 30:21–25. 1972:390–392. Kress, S.W. 1965. Bullfrogs sing along with Kramek, W.C. 1976. Feeding behavior of Rana the jets. Audubon Magazine 67(2):93–96. septentrionalis (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae). Kretzer, J.E., and J.F. Cully, Jr. 2001. Effects Journal of Herpetology 10:251–252. of black–tailed prairie dogs on reptiles and Kramek, W.C., and M.M. Stewart. 1980. amphibians in Kansas shortgrass prairie. Ontogenetic and sexual differences in the Southwestern Naturalist 46:171–177. pattern of Rana septentrionalis. Journal of Kroll, A.J. 2009. Sources of uncertainty in Herpetology 14:369–375. stream–associated amphibian ecology and Kramer, A.B. 2011. Effects of the aquatic to responses to forest management in the terrestrial habitat ratio on an amphibian Pacific Northwest, USA: a review. Forest predator and its prey. Ph.D. dissertation, Ecology and Management 257:1188–1199. Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri. Krupa, J.J. 1986a. Multiple egg clutch Kramer, D.C. 1971. Seasonal movements of production in the Great Plains toad. Prairie western chorus frogs (Pseudacris triseriata Naturalist 18:151–152. triseriata) tagged with radioactive cobalt. Krupa, J.J. 1986b. Distribution in Oklahoma of Ph.D. dissertation, Ball State University, the bird–voiced treefrog (Hyla avivoca). Muncie, Indiana. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Kramer, D.C. 1973. Movements of western Science 66:37–38. chorus frogs Pseudacris triseriata triseriata Krupa, J.J. 1986c. Anuran breeding dates in 164

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central Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Rana catesbeiana. Transactions of the Oklahoma Herpetological Society 11:10–13. American Fisheries Society 106:248–252. Krupa, J.J. 1987. Mate choice and mate Kruse, K.C., and M. Mounce. 1982. The effects location tactics in the Great Plains toad (Bufo of multiple matings on fertilization capability cognatus). Ph.D. dissertation, University of in male American toads (Bufo Oklahoma, Norman. americanus). Journal of Herpetology 16:410– Krupa, J.J. 1988. Fertilization efficiency of the 412. Great Plains toad (Bufo cognatus). Copeia Kruse, K.C., and B.M. Stone. 1984. 1988:800–802. (Micropterus salmoides) Krupa, J.J. 1989. Alternative mating tactics in learn to avoid feeding on toad (Bufo) the Great Plains toad. Animal Behaviour tadpoles. Animal Behaviour 32:1035–1039. 37:1035–1043. Krynak, T.J., T.L. Robison, and J.J. Scott. Krupa, J.J. 1990. Advertisement call variation 2012. Detection of Batrachochytrium in the Great Plains toad. Copeia 1990:884– dendrobatidis in amphibian populations of 886. northeast Ohio. Herpetological Review Krupa, J.J. 1994. Breeding biology of the Great 43:87–89. Plains toad in Oklahoma. Journal of Krysko, K.L., and C.M. Sheehy III. 2005. Herpetology 28:217–224. Ecological status of the ocellated gecko, Krupa, J.J. 1995. Bufo woodhousii Sphaerodactylus argus argus Gosse 1850, in (Woodhouse’s Toad). Fecundity. Florida, with additional herpetological notes Herpetological Review 26: 142, 144. from the Florida Keys. Caribbean Journal of Krupa, J.J. 2002. Temporal shift in diet in a Science 41:169–172. population of American bullfrog (Rana Krysko, K.L., J.P. Burgess, M.R. Rochford, catesbeiana) in Carlsbad Caverns National C.R. Gillette, D. Cueva, K.M. Enge, L.A. Park. Southwestern Naturalist 47:461–467. Somma, J.L. Stabile, D.C. Smith, J.A. Kruse, K.C. 1973. Two morphotypes of the Wasilewski, G.N. Kieckhefer III, M.C. Rana pipiens complex in the central Plains Granatosky, and S.V. Nielsen. 2011. Verified states. M.S. thesis, Wayne State College, non–indigenous amphibians and reptiles in Detroit, Michigan. Florida from 1863 through 2010: outlining Kruse, K.C. 1981a. Mating success, the invasion process and identifying invasion fertilization potential, and male body size in pathways and stages. Zootaxa 3028:1–64. the American toad (Bufo americanus). Kuchta, S.R. 2008. Amphibians. Pp. 198-220 Herpetologica 37:228–233. In T.M. Haff, M.T. Brown, and W.B. Tyler Kruse, K.C. 1981b. Phonotactic responses of (eds.),The Natural History of the UC Santa female northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) Cruz Campus. Second Edition. to Rana blairi, a presumed hybrid, and Environmental Studies Department, conspecific mating trills. Journal of University of California, Santa Cruz, Herpetology 15:145–150. California. Kruse, K.C., and D.G. Dunlap. 1976. Serum Kuczynski, M., A. Vélez, J.J. Schwartz, and albumins and hybridization in two species of M.A. Bee. 2010. Sound transmission and the the Rana pipiens complex in the north central recognition of temporally degraded call United States. Copeia 1976:394–396. structure in Cope's gray treefrog (Hyla Kruse, K.C., and M.G. Francis. 1977. A chrysoscelis). Journal of Experimental predation deterrent in larvae of the bullfrog, Biology 213:2840–2850. 165

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Kuntz, R.E. 1940. A study of anuran parasites or consequence of motionlessness? Journal of of Commanche County, Oklahoma. M.S. Herpetology 32:84–92. thesis, University of Oklahoma, Norman. Kupferberg, S.J., J.C. Marks, and M.E. Power. Kuntz, R.E. 1941. The metazoan parasites of 1994. Effects of variation in natural algal and some Oklahoma anura. Proceedings of the detrital diets on larval anuran (Hyla regilla) Oklahoma Academy of Science 21:33–34. life–history traits. Copeia 1994:446–457. Kuntz, R.E., and J.T. Self. 1943. An ecological Kupferberg, S.J., A. Catenazzi, K. Lunde, A.J. study of the metazoan parasites of the Lind, and W.J. Palen. 2009. Parasitic Salientia of Commanche County, Oklahoma. copepod (Lernaea cyprinacea) outbreaks in Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of foothill yellow–legged frogs (Rana boylii) Science 24:35–38. linked to unusually warm summers and Kuperman, B.I., V.E. Matey, R.N. Fisher, E.L. amphibian malformations in northern Ervin, M.L. Warburton, L. Bakhireva, and California. Copeia 2009:529–537. C.A. Lehman. 2004. Parasites of the African Kupferberg, S.J., A.J. Lind, V. Thill, and S.M. clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, in Southern Yarnell. 2011. Water velocity tolerance in California, U.S.A. Comparative Parasitology tadpoles of the foothill yellow–legged frog 71:229–232. (Rana boylii): swimming performance, Kupferberg, S.J. 1994. Exotic larval bullfrogs growth, and survival. Copeia 2011:141–152. (Rana catesbeiana) as prey for native garter Kurzava, L.M., and P.J. Morin. 1998. Tests of snakes: functional and conservation functional equivalence: complementary roles implications. Herpetological Review 25:95– of salamanders and fish in community 97. organization. Ecology 79:477–489. Kupferberg, S. J. 1996a. The ecology of native Kutka, F.J., and M.D. Bachmann. 1990. Acid tadpoles (Rana boylii and Hyla regilla) and sensitivity and water chemistry correlates of the impact of invading bullfrogs (Rana amphibian breeding ponds in northern catesbeiana) in a northern California river. Wisconsin, USA. Hydrobiologica 208:153– Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, 160. Berkeley. Kuyt, E. 1991. A communal overwintering site Kupferberg, S.J. 1996b. Hydrologic and for the Canadian toad, Bufo americanus geomorphic factors affecting conservation of hemiophrys, in the Northwest Territories. a river–breeding frog (Rana boylii). Canadian Field–Naturalist 105:119–121. Ecological Applications 6:1332–1344. Kyser, P.D., D.J. Sausville, W.M. Ford, D.J. Kupferberg, S.J. 1997a. Bullfrog (Rana Schwab, and P.H. Brosew. 2004. Prescribed catesbeiana) invasion of a California river: fire impacts to amphibians and reptiles in the role of larval competition. Ecology shelterwood–harvest oak–dominated forests. 78:1736–1751. Virginia Journal of Science 55:159–168. Kupferberg, S.J. 1997b. The role of larval diet Labanick, G.M. 1976. Prey availability, in anuran metamorphosis. American consumption and selection in the cricket frog, Zoologist 37:146–159. Acris crepitans (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Kupferberg, S.J. 1997c. Facilitation of Journal of Herpetology 10:293–298. periphyton production by tadpole grazing: Labanick, G.M., and R.A. Schlueter. 1976. functional differences between species. Growth rates of recently transformed Bufo Freshwater Biology 37:427–439. woodhousei fowleri. Copeia 1976:824–826. Kupferberg, S.J. 1998. Predator mediated patch Lacan, I., K. Matthews, and K. Feldman. 2008. use by tadpoles (Hyla regilla): risk balancing Interaction of an introduced predator with 166

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future effects of climate change in the southern toad, Bufo terrestris. Copeia recruitment dynamics of the imperiled Sierra 1984:1023–1025. Nevada yellow–legged frog (Rana sierrae). Lamb, T. 1984b. The influence of sex and Herpetological Conservation and Biology breeding condition on microhabitat selection 3:211–223. and diet in the Rana grylio. Lacki, M.J., J.W. Hummer, and H.J. Webster. American Midland Naturalist 111:311–318. 1992. Mine–drainage treatment wetland as Lamb, T. 1987. Call site selection in a hybrid habitat for herpetofaunal wildlife. population of treefrogs. Animal Behaviour Environmental Management 16:513–520. 35:1140–1144. Lacoul, P., B. Freedman, and T. Clair. 2011. Lamb, T., and J.C. Avise. 1986. Directional Effects of acidification on aquatic biota in introgression of mitochondrial DNA in a Atlantic Canada. Environmental Reviews 19: hybrid population of tree frogs: the influence 429–460. of mating behavior. Proceedings of the Laerm, J., and A.S. Hopkins, Jr. 1997. Status National Academy of Sciences, USA of possible disjunct populations of the 83:2526–2530. southern toad, Bufo terrestris, in the Lamb, T., and J.C. Avise. 1987. Morphological Piedmont and Blue Ridge of Georgia. variability in genetically defined categories Herpetological Review 28:162–163. of anuran hybrids. Evolution 41:157–163. Laerm, J., N.K. Castleberry, M.A. Menzel, Lamb, T., J.M. Novak, and D.L. Mahoney. R.A. Moulis, G.K. Williamson, J.B. Jensen, 1990. Morphological asymmetry and B. Winn, and M.J. Harris. 2000. interspecific hybridization: a case study Biogeography of amphibians and reptiles of using hylid frogs. Journal of Evolutionary the Sea Islands of Georgia.Florida Scientist Biology 3:295–309. 63:193–231. Lamb, T., R.W. Gaul, Jr., M.L. Tripp, J.M. Lafferty, K.D., and C.J. Page. 1997. Predation Horton, and B.W. Grant. 1998. A on the endangered tidewater goby, herpetofaunal inventory of the lower Eucyclogobius newberryi, by the Roanoke River floodplain. Journal of the introduced African clawed frog, Xenopus Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 114:43–55. laevis, with notes on the frog’s parasites. Lamb, T., B.K. Sullivan, and K. Malmos. Copeia 1997:589–592. 2000. Mitochondrial gene markers for the LaFiandra, E.M., and K.J. Babbitt. 2004. hybridizing toads Bufo microscaphus and Predator induced phenotypic plasticity in the Bufo woodhousii in Arizona. Copeia pinewoods tree frog, Hyla femoralis: 2000:234–237. necessary cues and the cost of development. Lamoureux, V.S., and D.M. Madison. 1999. Oecologia 138:350–359. Overwintering habitats of radio–implanted Lamb, A.C. III. 1980. Observations on the life green frogs, Rana clamitans. Journal of history of the pig frog, Rana grylio Stejneger, Herpetology 33:430–435. in southwest Georgia. M.S. thesis. Auburn Lamoureux, V.S., J.C. Maerz, and D.M. University, Auburn, Alabama. Madison. 2002. Premigratory autumn Lamb, A.C. III. 1986. Hybridization and foraging forays in the green frog, Rana introgression between two species of clamitans. Journal of Herpetology 36:245– treefrogs: mitochondrial DNA analysis. Ph.D. 254. dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens. Lampman, B.H. 1946. The Coming of the Pond Lamb, T. 1984a. Amplexus displacement in the Fishes. Binfords & Mort Publishers, 167

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Portland, Oregon. Harcourt, Boston, Massachusetts. Lance, S.L., and K.D. Wells. 1993. Are spring Langen, T. A., A. Machniak, E. K. Crowe, C. peeper satellite males physiologically inferior Mangan, D. F. Marker, N. Liddle, and B. to calling males? Copeia 1993:1162–1166. Roden. 2007. Methodologies for Lance, S.L., M. R. Erickson, R. W. Flynn, G. surveying herpetofauna mortality on rural L. Mills, T. D. Tuberville, and D. E. Scott. highways. Journal of Wildlife Management 2012. Effects of chronic copper exposure on 71:1361–1368. development and survival in the southern Langen, T. A., K. M. Ogden, and L. L. leopard frog (Lithobates [Rana] Schwarting. 2009. Predicting hot spots of sphenocephalus). Environmental Toxicology herpetofauna road mortality along highway and Chemistry 31:1587–1594. networks. Journal of Wildlife Management Lanctot, C. 2012. The effects of glyphosate– 73:104–114. based herbicides on the development of wood Langford, G.J., J.A. Borden, C.S. Major, and frogs, Lithobates sylvaticus. M.S. thesis, D.H. Nelson. 2007. Effects of prescribed fire University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario. on the herpetofauna of a southern Mississippi Landé, S.P., and S.I. Guttman. 1973. The pine savanna. Herpetological Conservation effects of copper sulfate on the growth and and Biology 2:135–143. mortality rate of Rana pipiens tadpoles. Langlois, T.H. 1964. Amphibians and reptiles Herpetologica 29:22–27. of the Erie islands. Ohio Journal of Science Landreth, H.F., and D.E. Ferguson. 1966a. 64:11–25. Behavioral adaptations in the chorus frog, Langlois, V.S., A.C. Carew, B.D. Pauli, M.G. Pseudacris triseriata. Journal of the Wade, G.M. Cooke, and V.L. Trudeau. 2010. Mississippi Academy of Sciences 12:197– Low levels of the herbicide atrazine alters 202. sex ratios and reduces metamorphic success Landreth, H.F., and D.E. Ferguson. 1966b. in Rana pipiens tadpoles raised in outdoor Celestial orientation of Fowler’s toad, Bufo mesocosms. Environmental Health fowleri. Behaviour 26:105–123. Perspectives 118:552–557. Landreth, H.F., and D.E. Ferguson. 1966c. Lannoo, M. 1996. Okoboji Wetlands. A Lesson Evidence of sun–compass orientation in the in Natural History. University of Iowa Press, chorus frog, Pseudacris triseriata. Iowa City. Herpetologica 22:106–112. Lannoo, M. J. 1998. Amphibian conservation Landreth, H.F., and D.E. Ferguson. 1967. and wetland management in the upper Movements and orientation of the tailed frog, Midwest: a catch–22 for the cricket frog? Ascaphus truei. Herpetologica 23:81–93. Pp. 330–339 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Status & Landreth, H.F., and D.E. Ferguson. 1968. The Distribution of Midwestern Amphibians. sun compass of Fowler’s toad, Bufo University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. woodhousei fowleri. Behaviour 30:27–43. Lannoo, M. J. (ed.). 2005. Amphibian Landreth, H.F., and M.T. Christensen. 1971. Declines. The Conservation Status of United Orientation of the , States Species. University of California Scaphiopus bombifrons, to solar cues. Press, Berkeley. Herpetologica 27:454–461. Lannoo, M.J. 2008. Malformed Frogs. The Lang, E., C. Gerhardt, and C. Davidson. 2009. Collapse of Aquatic Ecosystems. University The Frogs and Toads of North America. A of California Press, Berkeley. Comprehensive Guide to their Identification, Lannoo, M.J., K. Lang, T. Waltz, and G.S. Behavior, and Calls. Houghton Mifflin Phillips. 1994. An altered amphibian 168

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assemblage: Dickinson County, Iowa, 70 Larson, M.D. 2012. Diet of the Cascades frog years after Frank Blanchard’s survey. (Rana cascadae) as it relates to prey American Midland Naturalist 131:311–319. availability in the Klamath Mountains of Lannoo, M.J., J.A. Holman, G.S. Casper, and northwest California. M.S. thesis, Humboldt E. Johnson. 1998. Mummification following State University, Arcata, California. winterkill of adult green frogs (Ranidae: Latham, R. 1968a. Notes on the eating of May Rana clamitans). Herpetological Review by a Fowler’s toad. Engelhardtia 29:82–84. 1:29. Lannoo, M.J., V.C. Kinney, J.L. Heemeyer, Latham, R. 1968b. Notes on some hibernating N.J. Engbrecht, A.L. Gallant, and R.W. Fowler’s toads. Engelhardtia 1:17. Klaver. 2009. Mine spoil prairies expand Latham, R. 1970. The diet of shrikes on Long critical habitat for endangered and threatened Island. Engelhardtia 3:29. amphibian and reptile species. Diversity Latham, R. 1971. The leopard frog on eastern 1:118–132. Long Island. Engelhardtia 4:58. Lannoo, M.J., C. Petersen, R.E. Lovich, P. Laurin, M. 2010. How Vertebrates Left the Nanjappa, C. Phillips, J.C. Mitchell, and I. Water. University of California Press, Macallister. 2011. Do frogs get their kicks Berkeley. from Route 66? Continental U.S. transect Lawler, J.J., S.L. Shafer, B.A. Bancroft, and reveals spatial and temporal patterns of A.R. Blaustein. 2009. Projected climate Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection. impacts for the amphibians of the western PLoS One 6(7):e22211. hemisphere. Conservation Biology 24: 38– LaPointe, J. 1953. Noteworthy amphibian 50. records from Indiana Dunes State Park. Lawler, S.P. 1989. Behavioural responses to Copeia 1953:129. predators and predation risk in four species of Laposata, M.M., and W.A. Dunson. 1998. larval anurans. Animal Behaviour 38:1039– Effects of boron and nitrate on hatching 1047. success of amphibian eggs. Archives of Lawler, S.P., and P.J. Morin. 1993. Temporal Environmental Contamination and overlap, competition, and priority effects in Toxicology 35:615–619. larval anurans. Ecology 74:174–182. Lardie, R.L., and J.H. Black. 1981. The Lawler, S.P., D. Dritz, T. Strange, and M. amphibians and reptiles of the Cimarron Holyoak. 1999. Effects of introduced Gypsum Hills region in northwestern mosquitofish and bullfrogs on the threatened Oklahoma. Bulletin of the Oklahoma California red–legged frog. Conservation Herpetological Society 5:76–125. Biology 13:613–622. La Rivers, I. 1948. Some Hawaiian ecological Lawson, J. 1709. New Voyage to Carolina; notes. Wasmann Collector 7:85–110. Containing the Exact Description and Natural Larsen, K.W., and P.T. Gregory. 1988. History of That Country: Together with the Amphibians and reptiles in the Northwest Present State Thereof. And a Journal of a Territories. Occasional Papers of the Prince Thousand Miles, Travel'd Thro' Several of Wales Northern Heritage Centre No. 3:31– Nations of Indians. Giving a Particular 51. Account of Their Customs, Manners, &c., Larson, K.A. 2004. Advertisement call London. complexity in northern leopard frogs, Rana Layne, J.R., Jr. 1991. External ice triggers pipiens. Copeia 2004:676–682. freezing in freeze–tolerant frogs at 169

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temperatures above their supercooling point. subzero temperatures in a freeze–tolerant Journal of Herpetology 25:129–130. frog (Rana sylvatica) and insect (Eurosta Layne, J.R., Jr. 1995. Seasonal variation in the solidaginis). Canadian Journal of Zoology cryobiology of Rana sylvatica from 68:506–510. Pennsylvania. Journal of Thermal Biology Lazaroff, D.W., P.C. Rosen, and C.H. Lowe, 20:349–353. Jr. 2006. Amphibians, Reptiles, and their Layne, J.R., Jr., and M.A. Romano. 1985. Habitats at Sabino Canyon. University of Critical thermal minima of Hyla chrysoscelis, Arizona Press, Tucson. H. cinerea, H. gratiosa and natural hybrids Lazell, J.D., Jr. 1968. Mr. Fowler’s toad. (H. cinerea x H. gratiosa). Herpetologica Massachusetts Audubon 52(2):4 pp. 41:216–221. Lazell, J.D., Jr. 1969. Nantucket herpetology. Layne, J.R., Jr., and R.E. Lee Jr. 1987. Freeze Massachusetts Audubon 55(2):32–34. tolerance and the dynamics of ice formation Lazell, J.D., Jr. 1970. Nantucket gnome. in wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) from southern Massachusetts Audubon 55(4): 4 pp. Ohio. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65:2062– Lazell, J.D., Jr. 1974. Reptiles & amphibians in 2065. Massachusetts. Rev. ed. Massachusetts Layne, J.R., Jr., and R.E. Lee Jr. 1989. Audubon Society, Lincoln. Seasonal variation in freeze tolerance and ice Lazell, J.D., Jr. 1976. This Broken content of the tree frog Hyla versicolor. Archipelago. Cape Cod and the Islands, Journal of Experimental Biology 249:133– Amphibians and Reptiles. Quadrangle/ 137. New York Times Book Company, New Layne, J.R., Jr., and M.C. First. 1991. York. Resumption of physiological functions in the Lazell, J.D., Jr. 1989. Wildlife of the Florida wood frog (Rana sylvatica) following Keys. Island Press, Washington, D.C. freezing. American Journal of Physiology Lazell, J.D., Jr., and T. Mann. 1991. 261:R134–R137. Geographic distribution: Bufo americanus Layne, J.R., Jr., and R.E. Lee Jr. 1995. charlesmithi (Dwarf American Toad). Adaptations of frogs to survive freezing. Herpetological Review 22:62, 64. Climate Research 5:53–59. Leach, D.J. 2011. Efficacy of small diameter Layne, J.R., Jr., and J. Kefauver. 1997. Freeze pipe–trap refugia for capturing metamorph tolerance and postfreeze recovery in the frog treefrogs. Herpetological Review 42:47–49. Pseudacris crucifer. Copeia 1997:260–264. Leary, C.J. 1996. Bufo woodhousii and B. Layne, J.R., and M.G. Stapleton. 2009. Annual americanus (Woodhouse’s Toad and variation in glycerol mobilization and effect American Toad). Vocalization. of freeze rigor on post–thaw locomotion in Herpetological Review 27:139. the freeze–tolerant frog Hyla versicolor. Leary, C.J. 1999. Comparison between release Journal of Comparative Physiology vocalizations emitted during artificial and 179B:215–221. conspecific amplexus in Bufo americanus. Layne, J. R., Jr., M. A. Romano, and S. I. Copeia 1999:506–508. Guttman. 1989. Responses to desiccation of Leary, C.J. 2001. Evidence of convergent the treefrogs Hyla cinerea and H. gratiosa character displacement in release and their natural hybrids. American Midland vocalizations of Bufo fowleri and Bufo Naturalist 121: 61–67.` terrestris (Anura: Bufonidae). Animal Layne, J.R., Jr., R.E. Lee, Jr., and J.L. Huang. Behaviour 61:431–438. 1990. Inoculation triggers freezing at high Leary, C.J. 2009. Hormones and acoustic 170

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communication in anuran amphibians. metamorphoses. Le naturaliste canadien Integrative and Comparative Biology 108:325–329. 49:452–470. Leclair, R., Jr., and J. Castanet. 1987. A Leary, C.J., T.S. Jessop, A.M. Garcia, and R. skeletochronological assessment of age and Knapp. 2004. Steroid hormone profiles and growth in the frog Rana pipiens Schreber relative body condition of calling and (Amphibia, Anura) from southwestern satellite toads: implications for proximate Quebec. Copeia 1987:361–369. regulation of behavior in anurans. Behavioral Leclair, R., Jr., and G. Laurin. 1996. Growth Ecology 15:313–320. and body size in populations of mink frogs Leary, C.J., D.J. Fox, D.B. Shepard, and A.M. Rana septentrionalis from two latitudes. Garcia. 2005. Body size, age, growth and Ecography 19:296–304. alternative mating tactics in toads: satellite Leclair, R., M.H. Leclair, J. Dubois, and J. males are smaller but not younger than Daoust. 2000. Age and size of wood frogs, calling males. Animal Behaviour 70:663– Rana sylvatica, from Kuujjuarapik, northern 671. Quebec. Canadian Field–Naturalist 114:381– Leary, C.J., A. M. Garcia, and R. Knapp. 387. 2006a. Elevated corticosterone levels elicit LeConte, J. 1825. Remarks on the American non–calling mating tactics in male toads species of the genera Hyla and Rana. Annals independently of changes in circulating of the Lyceum of Natural History of New androgens. Hormones and Behavior York 1:278–282. 49:425–432. LeConte, J. 1855. Descriptive catalogue of the Leary, C.J., A.M. Garcia, and R. Knapp. Ranina of the United States. Proceedings of 2006b. Stress hormone is implicated in the Academy of Natural Sciences of satellite–caller associations and sexual Philadelphia 7:423–431. selection in the Great Plains toad. American LeConte, J. 1856 (1857). Description of a new Naturalist 168:431– 440. species of Hyla from Georgia. Proceedings of Leary, C.J., A.M. Garcia, and R. Knapp. the Academy of Natural Sciences of 2008a. Density–dependent mating tactic Philadelphia 8:146. expression is linked to stress hormone in Ledón–Rettig, C.C., D.W. Pfennig, and N. Woodhouse's toad. Behavioral Ecology Nascone–Yoder. 2008. Ancestral variation 19:1103–1110. and the potential for genetic accommodation Leary, C.J., A.M. Garcia, R. Knapp, and D.L. in larval amphibians: implications for the Hawkins. 2008b. Relationships among evolution of novel feeding strategies. steroid hormone levels, vocal effort and body Evolution & Development 10:316–325. condition in an explosive–breeding toad. Ledón–Rettig, C.C., D.W. Pfennig, and E.J. Animal Behaviour 76:175–185. Crespi. 2009. Stress hormones and the fitness Leavitt, D.J., and L.A. Fitzgerald. 2009. Diet of consequences associated with the transition nonnative Hyla cinerea in a Chihuahuan to a novel diet in larval amphibians. Journal Desert wetland. Journal of Herpetology of Experimental Biology 212:3743–3750. 43:541–545. Ledón–Rettig, C.C., D.W. Pfennig, and E.J. Leclair, R., Jr., and L. Vallières. 1981. Crespi. 2010. Diet and hormonal Régimes alimentaires de Bufo americanus manipulation reveal cryptic genetic variation: (Holbrook) et Rana sylvatica LeConte implications for the evolution of novel (Amphibia: Anura) nouvellement feeding strategies. Proceedings of the Royal 171

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Society B 277:3569–3578. Southeastern Naturalist 8:639–652. Leduc, J.C., K.J. Kozlowicz, J.D. Litzgus, and Lee, J.R., and C. Sabette. 2009. Scaphiopus D. Lesbarrères. 2012. Ecology of holbrookii holbrookii (Eastern Spadefoot). herpetofaunal populations in smelting tailings Maximum size. Herpetological Review wetlands. Herpetology Notes 5:115–125. 40:211. Lee, D.S. 1968. Observations on hybrid Hyla Lee, R.E., Jr., and J.P. Costanzo. 1993. gratiosa x cinerea in central Florida. Bulletin Integrated physiological responses promoting of the Maryland Herpetological Society anuran freeze tolerance. Pp. 501–510 In C. 4:76–78. Carey, G.L. Florant, B.A. Wunder, and B. Lee, D.S. 1969a. Floridian herpetofauna Horwitz (eds.), Life in the Cold. 3. associated with cabbage palms. Ecological, Physiological, and Molecular Herpetologica 25:71. Mechanisms. Westview Press, Boulder, Lee, D.S. 1969b. Notes on the feeding behavior Colorado. of cave–dwelling bullfrogs. Herpetologica Lee–Yaw, J.A. 2007. The phylogeographic 25:211–212. history of the wood frog (Rana sylvatica). Lee, D.S. 1969c. The treefrogs of Florida. M.S. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Florida Naturalist 42(3):117–120. Quebec. Lee, D.S. 1972. and reptiles Lee–Yaw, J.A., J.T. Irwin, and D.M. Green. of Assateague Island. Bulletin of the 2008. Post–glacial range expansion from Maryland Herpetological Society 8:90–95. northern refugia by the wood frog, Rana Lee, D.S. 1973a. Seasonal breeding sylvatica. Molecular Ecology 17:867–884. distributions for selected Maryland and Lee–Yaw, J., A. Davidson, B.H. McRae, and Delaware amphibians. Bulletin of the D.M. Green. 2009. Do landscape processes Maryland Herpetological Society 9:101–104. predict phylogeographic patterns in the wood Lee, D.S. 1973b. Additional reptiles and frog. Molecular Ecology 18:1863–1874. amphibians from Assateague Island. Bulletin Lees, E. 1962. The incidence of helminth of the Maryland Herpetological Society parasites in a particular frog population. 9:110–111. Journal of Parasitology 52:95–102. Lee, D.S. 1973c. Notes on a unique population Lefcort, H. 1996. Adaptive, chemically of gopher frogs, Rana areolata, from central mediated fright response in tadpoles of the Florida. Bulletin of the Maryland southern leopard frog, Rana utricularia. Herpetological Society 9:1–5. Copeia 1996:455–459. Lee, D.S., and R.A. Sanderson. 1970. Lefcort, H. 1998. Chemically mediated fright Comments on the distribution of three response in southern toad (Bufo terrestris) species of frogs in Florida. Florida Naturalist tadpoles. Copeia 1998:445–450. 43(1):23. Lefcort, H., and S.M. Eiger. 1993. Lee, J.C. 1986. Is the large–male mating Antipredatory behaviour of feverish tadpoles: advantage in anurans an epiphenonmenon? implications for pathogen transmission. Oecologia 69:207–212. Behaviour 126:13–27. Lee, J.C. 2001. Evolution of a secondary Lefcort, H., and A.R. Blaustein. 1995. Disease, sexual dimorphism in the toad, Bufo marinus. predator avoidance, and vulnerability to Copeia 2001:928–935. predation in tadpoles. Oikos 74:469–474. Lee, J.R. 2009. The herpetofauna of the Camp Lefcort, H., R.A. Meguire, L.H. Wilson, and Shelby Joint Forces Training Center in the W.F. Ettinger. 1998. Heavy metals alter the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi. survival, growth, metamorphosis, and 172

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antipredatory behavior of Columbia spotted assemblages. Wetlands 19:1–12. frog (Rana luteiventris) tadpoles. Archives Leiden, Y.A., M.E. Dorcas, and J.W. Gibbons. of Environmental Contamination and 1999. Herpetofaunal diversity in coastal plain Toxicology 35:447–456. communities of South Carolina. Journal of Leftwich, K.N., and P.D. Lilly. 1992. The the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society effects of duration of exposure to acidic 115:270–280. conditions on survival of Bufo americanus Leips, J., and J. Travis. 1994. Metamorphic embryos. Journal of Herpetology 26:70–71. response to changing food levels in two LaHart, D.E. 1975. The freaky frogs of Florida. species of hylid frogs. Ecology 75:1345– Florida Naturalist 48(5):2–5. 1356. Laurin, G., and D.M. Green. 1990. Spring Leips, J., M.G. McManus, and J. Travis. 2000. emergence and male breeding behaviour of Response of treefrog larvae to drying ponds: Fowler’s toads, (Bufo woodhousei fowleri), at comparing temporary and permanent pond Long Point, Ontario. Canadian Field– breeders. Ecology 81:2997–3008. Naturalist 104:420–434. Lemm, J.M. 2006. Field Guide to Amphibians Lehmann, D.L. 1960. Some parasites of central and Reptiles of the San Diego Region. California amphibians. Journal of University of California Press, Berkeley. Parasitology 46:10. Lemmon, A.R., and E.M. Lemmon. 2008. A Lehmann, D.L. 1965. Intestinal parasites of likelihood framework for estimating northwestern amphibians. Yearbook of the phylogeographic history on a continuous American Philosophical Society 1965:284– landscape. Systematic Biology 57:544–561. 285. Lemmon, E.M. 2007. Patterns and processes of Lehtinen, R.M. 2002. A historical study of the speciation in North American chorus frogs. distribution of Blanchard’s cricket frog (Acris Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas, crepitans blanchardi) in southeastern Austin. Michigan. Herpetological Review 33:194– Lemmon, E.M. 2009. Diversification of 197. conspecific signals in sympatry: geographic Lehtinen, R.M., and S.M. Galatowitsch. 2001. overlap drives multidimensional reproductive Colonization of restored wetlands by character displacement in frogs. Evolution amphibians in Minnesota. American 63:1155–1170. Midland Naturalist 145:388–396. Lemmon, E.M., and A. R. Lemmon. 2010. Lehtinen, R.M., and A.A. Skinner. 2006. The Reinforcement in chorus frogs: lifetime enigmatic decline of Blanchard’s cricket frog fitness estimates including intrinsic natural (Acris crepitans blanchardi): a test of the selection and sexual selection against habitat acidification hypothesis. Copeia hybrids. Evolution 64:1748–1761. 2006:159–167. Lemmon, E.M., A.R. Lemmon, and D.C. Lehtinen, R.M., and M.C. MacDonald. 2011. Cannatella. 2007a. Geological and climatic Live fast, die young? A six–year field study forces driving speciation in the continentally of longevity and survivorship in Blanchard’s distributed trilling chorus frogs (Pseudacris). cricket frog (Acris crepitans blanchardi). Evolution 61:2086–2103. Herpetological Review 42:504–507. Lemmon, E.M., A.R. Lemmon, J.T. Collins, Lehtinen, R.M., S.M. Galatowitsch, and J.R. J.A. Lee–Yaw, and D.C. Cannatella. 2007b. Tester. 1999. Consequences of habitat loss Phylogeny–based delimitation of species and fragmentation for wetland amphibian boundaries and contact zones in the trilling 173

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chorus frogs (Pseudacris). Molecular spotted frog). Behavior and reproduction. Phylogenetics and Evolution 44:1068–1082. Herpetological Review 28:28. Lemmon, E.M., A.R. Lemmon, J.T. Collins, Leonard, W.P., K.R. McAllister, and L.A. and D.C. Cannatella. 2008. A new North Hallock. 1997b. Autumn vocalizations by the American chorus frog species (Amphibia: red–legged frog (Rana aurora) and the Hylidae: Pseudacris) from the south–central Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa). United States. Zootaxa 1675:1–30. Northwestern Naturalist 78:73–74. Lemmon, E.M., M. Murphy, and T. E. Juenger. Leonard, W.P., K.R. McAllister, and R.C. 2011. Identification and characterization of Friesz. 1999. Survey and assessment of nuclear microsatellite loci for multiple northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) species of chorus frogs (Pseudacris) for populations in Washington state. population genetic analyses. Conservation Northwestern Naturalist 80:51–60. Genetics Resources 3:233–237. Lepage, M., R. Courtois, C. Daigle, and S. Lemos Espinal, J.A., and H.M. Smith. 2007a. Matte. 1997. Surveying calling anurans in Anfibios y reptiles del estado de Chihuahua, Québec using volunteers. SSAR México. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Herpetological Conservation 1:128–140. México and Comisión Nacional para el Lever, C. 2001. The Cane Toad. The History Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, and Ecology of a Successful Colonist. México. Westbury Academic and Scientific Lemos Espinal, J.A., and H.M. Smith. 2007b. Publishing, Otley, England. Anfibios y reptiles del estado de Coahuila, Lever, C. 2003. Naturalized Reptiles and México. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Amphibians of the World. Oxford University México and Comisión Nacional para el Press, Oxford, UK. Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Levine, N.D., and R.R. Nye. 1977. A survey of México. blood and other tissue parasites of leopard Lenaker, R.P., Jr. 1972. Xenopus in Orange frogs Rana pipiens in the United States. County. Senior thesis, California State Journal of Wildlife Diseases 13:17–23. Polytechnic University, Kellogg–Voorhis Lewis, D. 2011. A Field Guide to the Campus, Pomona. Amphibians and Reptiles of Wyoming. The Leney, J.L., K.G. Drouillard, and G.D. Haffner. Wyoming Naturalist, Douglas, Wyoming. 2006. Does metamorphosis increase the Lewis, D.L., G.T. Baxter, K.M. Johnson, and susceptibility of frogs to highly hydrophobic M.D. Stone. 1985. Possible extinction of the contaminants? Environmental Science and Wyoming toad, Bufo hemiophrys baxteri. Technology 40:1491–1496. Journal of Herpetology 19:166–168. Leonard, W.P., H.A. Brown, L.L.C. Jones, Lewis, R.J. 1962. Food habits of the leopard K.R. McAllister, and R.M. Storm. 1993. frog (Rana pipiens sphenocephala) in a Amphibians of Washington and Oregon. minnow hatchery. Transactions of the Seattle Audubon Society, Seattle, Illinois State Academy of Science 55:78–79. Washington. Lewis, T.H. 1946. Reptiles and amphibians of Leonard, W.P., N.P. Leonard, R.M. Storm, and Smith Island, N.C. American Midland P.E. Petzel. 1996. Rana pretiosa (Spotted Naturalist 36:682–684. Frog). Behavior and reproduction. Lewis, T.H. 1950. The herpetofauna of the Herpetological Review 27:195. Tularosa Basin and Organ Mountains of New Leonard, W.P., L. Hallock, and K.R. Mexico with notes on some ecological McAllister. 1997a. Rana pretiosa (Oregon features of the Chihuahuan Desert. 174

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Herpetologica 6:1–10. British Columbia, Vancouver. Lewis, W.M., Jr. 1962. Stomach contents of Licht, L.E. 1974. Survival of embryos, bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) taken from a tadpoles, and adults of the frogs Rana aurora minnow hatchery. Transactions of the Illinois aurora and Rana pretiosa pretiosa State Academy of Science 55:80–83. sympatric in southwestern British Columbia. Li, H., M.J. Vaughan, and R.K. Browne. 2009. Canadian Journal of Zoology 52:613–627. A complex enrichment diet improves growth Licht, L.E. 1975. Comparative life history and health in the endangered Wyoming Toad features of the western spotted frog, Rana (Bufo baxteri). Zoo Biology 28:197–213. pretiosa, from low– and high–elevation Liang, C.T. 2010. Habitat modeling and populations. Canadian Journal of Zoology movements of the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus 53:1254–1257. (=Bufo) canorus) in the Sierra Nevada, Licht, L.E. 1976. Sexual selection in toads California. Ph.D. dissertation, University of (Bufo americanus). Canadian Journal of California, Davis. Zoology 54:1277–1284. Liang, C.T., and T. J. Stohlgren. 2011. Habitat Licht, L.E. 1986a. Comparative escape suitability of patch types: a case study of the behavior of sympatric Rana aurora and Rana Yosemite toad. Frontiers of Earth Science pretiosa. American Midland Naturalist 5:217–228. 115:239–247. Licht, L.E. 1967. Growth inhibition in crowded Licht, L.E. 1986b. Food and feeding behavior tadpoles: intraspecific and interspecific of sympatric red–legged frogs, Rana aurora, effects. Ecology 48:736–745. and spotted frogs, Rana pretiosa, in Licht, L.E. 1968. Unpalatability and toxicity of southwestern British Columbia. Canadian toad eggs. Herpetologica 24:93–98. Field–Naturalist 100:22–31. Licht, L.E. 1969a. Palatability of Rana and Licht, L.E. 1991. Habitat selection of Rana Hyla eggs. American Midland Naturalist pipiens and Rana sylvatica during exposure 82:296–298. to warm and cold temperatures. Licht, L.E. 1969b. Unusual aspects of anuran American Midland Naturalist 125:259–268. sexual behavior as seen in the red–legged Licht, L.E. 2003. Shedding light on ultraviolet frog, Rana aurora aurora. Canadian Journal radiation and amphibian embryos. Bioscience of Zoology 47:505–509. 53:551–561. Licht, L.E. 1969c. Comparative breeding Licht, L.E., and K.P. Grant. 1997. The effects behavior of the red–legged frog (Rana of ultraviolet radiation on the biology of aurora aurora) and the western spotted frog amphibians. American Zoologist 37:137– (Rana pretiosa pretiosa) in southwestern 145. British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Lichtenberg, J.S., S.L. King, J.B. Grace, and Zoology 47:1287–1299. S.C. Walls. 2006. Habitat associations of Licht, L.E. 1971a. Breeding habits and chorusing anurans in the lower Mississippi embryonic thermal requirements of the frogs, River Alluvial Valley. Wetlands 26:736–744. Rana aurora aurora and Rana pretiosa Ligas, F.J. 1960. The Everglades bullfrog life pretiosa, in the Pacific Northwest. Ecology history and management. Proceedings of the 52:116–124. 14th Annual Conference, Southeastern Licht, L.E. 1971b. The ecology of coexistence Association of Game and Fish in two closely related species of frogs Commissioners, pp. 9–14. [slightly modified (Rana). Ph.D. dissertation, University of version entitled “The Everglades Bullfrog” 175

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published in Florida Wildlife, 1963, legged frog (Rana boylii) through analysis of 16(12):14–19] decline factors, genetic structure, and habitat Ligon, D.B., and P.A. Stone. 2003. associations. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Kinosternon sonoriense (Sonoran Mud California, Davis. Turtle) and Bufo punctatus (Red–spotted Lind, A.J., H.H. Welsh, Jr., and R.A. Wilson. Toad). Predator–prey. Herpetological Review 1996. The effects of a dam on breeding 34:141–142. habitat and egg survival of the foothill Ligon, N. F., and D. K. Skelly. 2009. Cryptic yellow–legged frog (Rana boylii) in divergence: countergradient variation in the northwestern California. Herpetological wood frog. Evolutionary Ecology Research Review 27:62–67. 11:1099–1109. Lind, A.J., J.B. Bettaso, and S.M. Yarnell. Lillywhite, H.B. 1970. Behavioral temperature 2003. Rana boylii (Foothill Yellow–legged regulation in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Frog) and Rana catesbeiana (Bullfrog). Copeia 1970:158–168. Reproductive behavior. Herpetological Lillywhite, H.B. 1971a. Temperature selection Review 34:234–235. by the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Lind, A.J., P.Q. Spinks, G.M. Fellers, and H.B. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Shaffer. 2011. Rangewide phylogeography 40A:213–227. and landscape genetics of the western U.S. Lillywhite, H.B. 1971b. Thermal modulation of endemic frog Rana boylii (Ranidae): cutaneous mucus discharge as a determinant implications for the conservation of frogs and of evaporative water loss in the frog, Rana rivers. Conservation Genetics 12:269–284. catesbeiana. Zeitschrift für vergleichende Linder, A.D., and E. Fichter. 1977. The Physiologie 73:84–104. Amphibians and Reptiles of Idaho. Idaho Lillywhite, H.B. 1975. Physiological correlates State University Press, Pocatello. of basking in amphibians. Comparative Lindholm, W.A. 1924. A forgotten description Biochemistry and Physiology 52A:323–330. of a North American frog. Copeia (129):46– Lillywhite, H.B., and P. Licht. 1974. 47. Movement of water over toad skin: Lindsay, H.L., Jr. 1958. Analysis of variation functional role of epidermal sculpturing. and factors affecting gene exchange in Copeia 1974:165–171. Pseudacris clarki and Pseudacris nigrita in Lillywhite, H.B., and R.J. Wassersug. 1974. Texas. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Comments on a postmetamorphic Texas, Austin. aggregation of Bufo boreas. Copeia Liner, A.E. 2006. Wetland predictors of 1974:984–986. amphibian distributions and diversity within Limbaugh, B.A., and E.P. Volpe. 1957. Early the southeastern U.S. coastal plain. M.S. development of the Gulf Coast Toad, Bufo thesis, University of Georgia, Athens. valliceps Wiegmann. American Museum Liner, A.E., L.L. Smith, S.W. Golladay, S.B. Novitates 1842:1–32. Castleberry, and J.W. Gibbons. 2008. Linck, M.H. 2000. Reduction in road mortality Amphibian distributions within three types in a northern leopard frog population. Journal of isolated wetlands in southwest Georgia. of the Iowa Academy of Science 107:209– American Midland Naturalist 160:69–81. 211. Liner, E.A. 1954. The herpetofauna of Lind, A.J. 2005. Reintroduction of a declining Lafayette, Terrebonne and Vermilion amphibian: determining an ecologically parishes, Louisiana. Proceedings of the feasible approach for the foothill yellow– Louisiana Academy of Sciences 17:65–85. 176

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Liner, E.A. 1955. A herpetological Herpetologica 23:11–17. consideration of the Bayou Tortue region of Lipps, K.R. 1991. Vertebrates associated with Lafayette Parish, Louisiana. Proceedings of tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) burrows in the Louisiana Academy of Sciences 18:39– four habitats in south–central Florida. Journal 42. of Herpetology 25:477–481. Liner, E.A. 2007. Geographic distribution. Little, E.E., R. Calfee, L. Cleveland, R. Euhyas planirostris. Herpetological Review Skinker, A. Zaga–Parkhurst, and M.G. 38:214. Barron. 2000. Photo–enhanced toxicity in Ling, R.W., J.P. Van Amberg, and J.K. amphibians: synergistic interactions of solar Werner. 1986. Pond acidity and its ultraviolet radiation and aquatic relationship to larval development of contaminants. Journal of the Iowa Academy Ambystoma maculatum and Rana sylvatica in of Science 107:67–71. upper Michigan. Journal of Herpetology Little, E.L. 1940. Amphibians and reptiles of 20:230–236. the Roosevelt Reservoir area, Arizona. Link, E.E. 2012. A modeling and geospatial Copeia 1940:260–265. approach to predicting effects on biodiversity Little, E.L., and J. Keller. 1937. Amphibians due to vineyard expansion in Napa county. and reptiles of the Jornada Experimental M.S. thesis, Sacramento State University, Range, New Mexico. Copeia 1937:215–222. Sacramento, California. Little, J.B. 2007. A rare jewel. Audubon Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Magazine (March–April):69–75. Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Little, M.L. 1983. The zoogeography of the Genera, Species cum Characteribus, Hyla versicolor complex in the central Differentils, Synonymis, Locis. 10th ed., Vol. Appalachians, including physiological and 1, L. Salvius, Stockholm, Sweden. morphological analyses. Ph.D. dissertation, Linnenbach, M. 1985. Zum Feinbau der University of Louisville, Louisville, Haftscheiben von Hyla cinerea (Schneider, Kentucky. 1799) (Salientia: Hylidae). Salamandra Little, M.L., and T.K. Pauley. 1986. A new 21:81–85. record of the diploid species of gray treefrog, Linsdale, J.M. 1927. Amphibians and reptiles Hyla chrysoscelis, in West Virginia. of Doniphan County, Kansas. Copeia Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy (164):75–81. of Science 58:57–58. Linsdale, J.M. 1933a. A specimen of Rana Little, M.L., B.L. Monroe, Jr., and J.E. Wiley. tarahumarae from New Mexico. Copeia 1989. The distribution of the Hyla versicolor 1933:222. complex in the northern Appalachian Linsdale, J.M. 1933b. Records of Ascaphus highlands. Journal of Herpetology 23:299– truei in Idaho. Copeia 1933:223. 303. Linsdale, J.M. 1938. Environmental responses Littlejohn, M.J. 1958. Mating behavior in the of vertebrates in the Great Basin. American treefrog Hyla versicolor. Copeia 1958:222– Midland Naturalist 19:1–206. 223. Linsdale, J.M. 1940. Amphibians and reptiles Littlejohn, M.J. 1959. Artificial hybridization in Nevada. Proceedings of the American within the Pelobatidae and Microhylidae. Academy of Arts and Sciences 73:197–257. Texas Journal of Science 9:57–59. Linzey, D.W. 1967. Food of the leopard frog, Littlejohn, M.J. 1960. Call discrimination and Rana p. pipiens, in central New York. potential in Pseudacris 177

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triseriata females from Oklahoma. Copeia Livezey, R.L. 1960. Description of the eggs of 1960:370–371. Bufo boreas exsul. Herpetologica 16:48. Littlejohn, M.J. 1961a. Artificial hybridization Livezey, R.L. 1962. Food of adult and juvenile between some hylid frogs of the United Bufo exsul. Herpetologica 17:267–268. States. Texas Journal of Science 13:176–184. Livezey, R.L., and A.H. Wright. 1945. Littlejohn, M.J. 1961b. Mating call Descriptions of four salientian eggs. discrimination by females of the spotted American Midland Naturalist 34:701–706. chorus frog (Pseudacris clarki). Texas Livezey, R.L., and A.H. Wright. 1947. A Journal of Science 13:49–50. synoptic key to the salientian eggs of the Littlejohn, M.J. 1971. A reappraisal of mating United States. American Midland Naturalist call differentiation in Hyla cadaverina (= 37:179–222. Hyla californiae) and Hyla regilla. Evolution Livezey, R.L., and H.M. Johnson. 1948. Rana 25:98–102. grylio in Texas. Herpetologica 4:164. Littlejohn, M.J. 1977. Long–range acoustic Livo, L. 1981a. Leopard frog (Rana pipiens) communication in anurans: an integrated and reproduction in Boulder County, Colorado. evolutionary approach. Pp. 263–294 In D.H. M.A. thesis, University of Colorado, Denver. Taylor and S.I. Guttman (eds.), The Livo, L. 1984. Dry years along with bullfrogs Reproductive Biology of Amphibians. are creating problems for Colorado’s two Plenum Press, New York. species of leopard frogs. Colorado Outdoors Littlejohn, M.J., and T.C. Michaud. 1959. 33(4):16–18. Mating call discrimination by females of Livo, L.J. 1990. Bufo cognatus (Great Plains Strecker’s chorus frog (Pseudacris streckeri). Toad). Microhabitat selection. Herpetological Texas Journal of Science 11:86–92. Review 21:58. Littlejohn, M.J., and M.J. Fouquette, Jr. 1960. Livo, L. 1998. Identification guide to montane Call discrimination by female frogs of the amphibians of the southern Rocky Hyla versicolor complex. Copeia 1960:47– Mountains. Colorado Division of Wildlife, 49. Denver. Littlejohn, M.J., and R.S. Oldham. 1968. Rana Livo, L. 1999. The role of predation in the pipiens complex: mating call structure and early life history of Bufo boreas in Colorado. taxonomy. Science 162:1003–1005. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Colorado, Liu, H., R. J. Wassersug, and K. Kawachi. Boulder. 1996. A computational fluid dynamics study Livo, L.J. 2000. Bufo punctatus (Red–spotted of tadpole swimming. Journal of Toad). Larval predation. Herpetological Experimental Biology 199:1245–1260. Review 31:99. Livezey, R.L. 1950. The eggs of Acris gryllus Livo, L., and D. Yeakley. 1997. Comparison of crepitans Baird. Herpetologica 6:139–140. current with historical elevational range in Livezey, R.L. 1952. Some observations on the boreal toad, Bufo boreas. Herpetological Pseudacris nigrita triseriata (Wied) in Review 28:143–144. Texas. American Midland Naturalist 47:372– Livo, L.J., D. Chiszar, and H.M. Smith. 1997. 381. Spea multiplicata (New Mexico Spadefoot). Livezey, R.L. 1953. Late breeding of Hyla Defensive posture. Herpetological Review regilla Baird & Girard. Herpetologica 9:73. 28:148. Livezey, R.L. 1955. A northward range Livo, L.J., and B.C. Kondratieff. 2000. Bufo extension for Bufo canorus Camp. punctatus (Red–spotted Toad). Predation. Herpetologica 11:212. Herpetological Review 31:168–169. 178

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Livo, L.J., and B.A. Lambert. 2001. Bufo reptiles of the Lake Nipigon region. boreas (Boreal Toad). Phoretic host. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Herpetological Review 32:179. Institute 16:279–291. Livo, L.J., G.A. Hammerson, and H.M. Smith. Logier, E.B.S. 1930. A faunal investigation of 1998. Summary of amphibians and reptiles King Township, York County, Ontario. IV. introduced into Colorado. Northwestern The amphibians and reptiles of King Naturalist 79:1–11. Township. Transactions of the Royal Livo, L.J., L. Harvey, and F. Bunch. 2012. Canadian Institute 17:203–208. Geographic distribution: Anaxyrus (=Bufo) Logier, E.B.S. 1931. The amphibians and woodhousii (Woodhouse’s Toad). reptiles of Long Point. Transactions of the Herpetological Review 43:612–613. Royal Canadian Institute 18:229–236. Lockley, T.C. 1990. Predation on the green Logier, E.B.S. 1932. Some account of the treefrog by the star–bellied orb weaver, amphibians and reptiles of British Columbia. (Araneae, Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute Araneidae). Journal of 18:359. 18:311–336. Loda, J.L., and D.L. Otis. 2009. Low Logier, E.B.S. 1937. Amphibians of Ontario. prevalence of amphibian chytrid fungus Royal Ontario Museum , Zoology Handbook (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in No. 3. northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) Logier, E.B.S. 1941. The amphibians and populations on north–central Iowa, USA. reptiles of Prince Edward County, Ontario. Herpetological Review 40:428–431. University of Toronto Studies, Biological Lodato, M.J., and M.H. Kerr. 1974. The Sciences No. 48:93–106. western bird–voiced treefrog Hyla. a. avivoca Logier, E.B.S. 1942. Reptiles and amphibians Viosca in Henderson County, Kentucky. of the Sault Ste. Marie region, Ontario. Journal of Herpetology 8:259–260. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute Loding, H.P. 1922. A preliminary catalogue of 24:154–163. the Alabama amphibians and reptiles. Logier, E.B.S. 1949. Effect of DDT on Geological Survey of Alabama, Museum amphibians and reptiles. Ontario Department Paper No. 5. of Lands and Forests, Biological Bulletin Loftin, C.S., A.J.K. Calhoun, S.J. Nelson, A.A. 2:49–56. Elskus, and K. Simon. 2012. Mercury Logier, E.B.S. 1952. The Frogs, Toads and bioaccumulation in wood frogs developing Salamanders of Eastern Canada. Clarke, in seasonal pools. Northeastern Naturalist Irwin & Co., Toronto, Ontario. 19:579–600. Logier, E.B.S., and G.C. Toner. 1961. Check Loftus–Hills, J.J. 1975. The evidence for list of the amphibians & reptiles of Canada & reproductive character displacement between Alaska. Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, the toads Bufo americanus and B. Ontario. woodhousii fowleri. Evolution 29:368–369. Lohoefener, R., and R. Altig.1983. Mississippi Loftus–Hills, J.J., and M.J. Littlejohn. 1992. Herpetology. Mississippi State University Reinforcement and reproductive character Research Center at National Space displacement in Gastrophryne carolinensis Technology Laboratories Bulletin No. 1. and G. olivacea (Anura: Microhylidae): a Lomolino, M.A., and G.A. Smith. 2003. reexamination. Evolution 46:896–906. Terrestrial vertebrate communities at black– Logier, E.B.S. 1928. The amphibians and tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) 179

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towns. Biological Conservation 115:89–100. López, L.O., G.A. Woolrich Piña, and J.A. Londos, P.L., and R.J. Brooks. 1988. Effect of Lemos Espinal. 2009. La familia Bufonidae temperature acclimation on locomotory en México. Universidad Nacional performance curves in the toad, Bufo Autónomade de México, México. woodhousii fowleri. Copeia 1988:26–32. Lopez, T.J., and L.R. Maxon. 1990. Rana Londos, P.L., and R.J. Brooks. 1990. Time catesbeiana (Bullfrog). Polymely. course of temperature acclimation of Herpetological Review 21:90. locomotory performance in the toad, Bufo Lord, R.D., Jr., and W.B. Davis. 1956. A woodhousii woodhousii. Copeia 1990:827– taxonomic study of the relationship between 835. Pseudacris nigrita triseriata Wied and Long, C.A. 1964. The badger as a natural Pseudacris clarki Baird. Herpetologica enemy of Ambystoma tigrinum and Bufo 12:115–120. boreas. Herpetologica 20:144. Lorraine, R.K. 1984. Hyla crucifer crucifer Long, C.A. 1998. Notes on development and (Northern Spring Peeper). Reproduction. mortality in giant toads from Washington Herpetological Review 15:16–17. Island, Door County, Wisconsin. Bulletin of Lotshaw, D.P. 1977. Temperature adaptation the Chicago Herpetological Society 33:161– and effects of thermal acclimation in Rana 164. sylvatica and Rana catesbeiana. Comparative Long, C. A., and C.A. Long. 1976. Some Biochemistry and Physiology 56B:287–294. amphibians and reptiles collected on islands Lotz, A., and C.R. Allen. 2007. Observer bias in Green Bay, Lake Michigan. The Jack–Pine in anuran call surveys. Journal of Wildlife Warbler 54:54–58. Management 71:675–679. Long, L.E., L.S. Saylor, and M.E. Soulé. 1995. Louisiana Department of Conservation. 1931. A pH/UV–B synergism in amphibians. Frog industry in Louisiana. Division of Conservation Biology 9:1301–1303. Fisheries, Educational Pamphlet No. 2. Long, M.C. 1970. Food habits of Rana Louisiana Department of Conservation. 1938. muscosa (Anura: Ranidae). Herpeton, Journal Frog industry in Louisiana. Division of of the Southwestern Herpetologists Society Fisheries, Bulletin No. 26. 5(1):1–8. Love, E.K., and M.A. Bee. 2010. An Long, Z. 2010. Anaxyrus boreas (Western experimental test of noise–dependent voice Toad). Advertisement vocalization. amplitude regulation in Cope’s grey Herpetological Review 41:332–333. treefrog, Hyla chrysoscelis. Animal Long, Z.L., and E.E. Prepas. 2012. Scale and Behaviour 80:509–515. landscape perception: the case of refuge use Love, W.B. 1995. Osteopilus septentrionalis by boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas). (Cuban Treefrog). Predation. Herpetological Canadian Journal of Zoology 90:1015–1022. Review 26:201–202. Longcore, J.R., J.E. Longcore, A.P. Pessier, Lovich, J.E., and T.R. Jaworski. 1988. and W.A. Halteman. 2007. Chytridiomycosis Annotated list of amphibians and reptiles widespread in anurans of northeastern United reported from Cedar Bog, Ohio. Ohio Journal States. Journal of Wildlife Management of Science 88:139–143. 71:435–444. Lovich, R., M.J. Ryan, A.P. Pessier, and B. Loomis, R.B., and J.K. Jones, Jr. 1953. Claypool. 2008. Infection with the fungus Records of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in a non– from western Canada and Alaska. native Lithobates berlandieri below sea level Herpetologica 9:149–151. in the Coachella Valley, California, USA. 180

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Herpetological Review 39:315–317. The invasive bullfrog Lithobates Lowcock, L.A., T.F. Sharbel, J. Bonin, M. catesbeianus in oases of Baja California Sur, Ouellet, J. Rodrigue, and J.–L. DesGranges. Mexico: potential effects in a fragile 1997. Flow cytometric assay for in vivo ecosystem. Biological Invasions 12:2979– genotoxic effects of pesticides in green frogs 2983. (Rana clamitans). Aquatic Toxicology Lukose, R.L., and H.K. Reinert. 1998. Absence 38:241–255. of cold acclimation response in gray Lowe, C.H., Jr. 1954. Isolating mechanisms in treefrogs, Hyla chrysoscelis and Hyla sympatric populations of southwestern versicolor. Journal of Herpetology 32:283– anurans. Texas Journal of Science 6:265– 285. 270. Lunde, K.B. 2011. Investigations of altered Lowe, J. 2009. Amphibian chytrid aquatic ecosystems: biomonitoring, disease, (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in post– and conservation. Ph.D. dissertation, metamorphic Rana boylii in Inner Coast University of California, Berkeley. Ranges of California. Herpetological Review Lunde, K.B., and P.T. Johnson. 2012. A 40:180–182. practical guide for the study of malformed Lucas, E.A., and W.A. Reynolds. 1967. amphibians and their causes. Journal of Temperature selection by amphibian larvae. Herpetology 46:429–441. Physiological Zoology 40:159–171. Lutterschmidt, W.I., G.A. Marvin, and V.H. Luce, D., and J.J. Moriarty. 1999. Rana Hutchison. 1996. Rana catesbeiana sylvatica (Wood Frog). Coloration. (Bullfrog). Record size. Herpetological Herpetological Review 30:94. Review 27:74–75. Lucke, B. 1952. Kidney carcinoma in the Lyerla, T.A., and D.J. Jameson. 1968. leopard frog: a virus tumor. Annals of the Development of color in chimeras of Pacific New York Academy of Science 54:1093– tree frogs. Copeia 1968: 113–128. 1109. Lykens, D.V., and D.C. Forester. 1987. Age Lucker, J.T. 1931. A new genus and a new structure in the spring peeper: do males species of trematode worms of the family advertise longevity? Herpetologica 43:216– Plagiorchiidae. Proceedings of the United 223. States National Museum 79:1–8. Lynch, J.D. 1964a. The toad Bufo americanus Luepschen, L.K. 1981. Bufo punctatus (Red– charlesmithi in Indiana, with remarks on the spotted Toad). Larval coloration. range of the subspecies. Journal of the Ohio Herpetological Review 12:79. Herpetological Society 4:103–104. Luhring, T.M. 2008. “Problem species” of the Lynch, J.D. 1964b. Two additional predators of Savannah River Site, such as Brimley’s the spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus holbrookii chorus frog (Pseudacris brimleyi), (Harlan). Journal of the Ohio Herpetological demonstrate the hidden biodiversity concept Society 4:79. on an intensively studied government Lynch, J.D. 1970. A taxonomic revision of the reserve. Southeastern Naturalist 7:371–373. leptodactylid frog genus Syrrhophus Cope. Luhring, T.M., and Z.D. Ross. 2012. University of Kansas Publications, Museum Gastrophryne carolinensis (Easten Narrow– of Natural History 20:1–45. mouthed Toad). Predation. Herpetological Lynch, J.D. 1978. The distribution of leopard Review 43:118. frogs (Rana blairi and Rana pipiens) Luja, V.H., and R. Rodríguez–Estrella. 2010. (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) in Nebraska. 181

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Martin, C.H. 1940. Life cycle of toads in clamitans. Ecology 34:529–543. Yosemite Valley. Yosemite Nature Notes Martof, B.S. 1953b. Territoriality in the green 19:90–92. frog, Rana clamitans. Ecology 34:165–174. Martin, D.L. 1991. Population census of a Martof, B. 1954. The barking frogs, Hyla species of special concern: the Yosemite toad gratiosa, in the Cumberland Plateau of (Bufo canorus). Fourth Biennial Conference Georgia. Copeia 1954: 157. of Research in California’s National Parks. Martof, B.S. 1955. Observations on the life University of California, Davis. history and ecology of the amphibians of the Martin, T.R., and D.B. Conn. 1990. The Athens area, Georgia. Copeia 1955:166–170. pathogenicity, localization, and cyst structure Martof, B.S. 1956a. Growth and development of echinostomatid metacercariae (Trematoda) of the green frog, Rana clamitans, under infecting the kidneys of the frogs Rana natural conditions. American Midland clamitans and Rana pipiens. Journal of Naturalist 55:101–117. Parasitology 76:414–419. Martof, B.S. 1956b. Factors influencing the Martinez, J.L. 1948. Cuban frog leg industry. size and composition of populations of Rana U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery clamitans. American Midland Naturalist Leaflet 284. 56:224–245. Martinez–Ortiz, M. 2004. Predicting habitat Martof, B.S. 1956c. Amphibians and Reptiles suitability and occurrence for Blanchard’s of Georgia. University of Georgia Press, cricket frogs (Acris crepitans blanchardi) in Athens. northwest Ohio. M.S. thesis, Bowling Green Martof, B.S. 1960. Autumnal breeding of Hyla State University, Bowling Green, Ohio. crucifer. Copeia 1960:58–59. Martinez–Rivera, C.C. 2008. Call timing, Martof, B.S. 1961a. Vocalization as an aggressive behavior, and the role of acoustic isolating mechanism in frogs. American cues in chorus formation of treefrogs. Ph.D. Midland Naturalist 65:118–126. dissertation, University of Missouri, Martof, B.S. 1961b. Aberrant reproductive Columbia. behavior in frogs. Herpetologica 17:66–67. Martínez–Rivera, C.C., and H.C. Gerhardt. Martof, B.S. 1962a. Some observations on the 2008. Advertisement–call modification, male role of olfaction among salientian amphibia. competition, and female preference in the Physiological Zoology 35:270–272. bird–voiced treefrog Hyla avivoca. Martof, B.S. 1962b. The behavior of Fowler’s Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology toad under various conditions of light and 63:195–208. temperature. Physiological Zoology 35:38– Martinez Rodriguez, E., T. Gamble, M.V. Hurt, 46. and S. Cotner. 2009. Presence of Martof, B.S. 1962c. An unusual color variant Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis at the of Rana pipiens. Herpetologica 17:269–270. headwaters of the Mississippi River, Itasca Martof, B.S. 1963a. Some observations on the State Park, Minnesota, USA. Herpetological herpetofauna of Sapelo Island, Georgia. Review 40:48–50. Herpetologica 19:70–72. Martof, B.S. 1952. Early transformation of the Martof, B.S. 1963b. Some observations on the greenfrog, Rana clamitans Latreille. Copeia feeding of Fowler’s toad. Copeia 1963:439. 1952:115–116. Martof, B.S., and R.L. Humphries. 1955. Martof, B.S. 1953a. Home range and Observations on some amphibians from movements of the green frog, Rana Georgia. Copeia 1955:245–248. 185

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Response of reptiles and amphibians to chrysoscelis) larvae: a study of geographic repeated fuel reduction treatments. Journal of variation. M.S. thesis, University of Wildlife Management 74:1301–1310. Michigan, AnnArbor. Matthews, K.R. 2003. Response of mountain Maunder, J.E. 1983. Amphibians of the yellow–legged frogs, Rana muscosa, to short Province of Newfoundland. Canadian Field– distance translocation. Journal of Naturalist 97:33–46. Herpetology 37:621–626. Maunder, J.E. 1997. Amphibians of Matthews, K.R., and K.L. Pope. 1999. A Newfoundland and Labrador: status changes telemetric study of the movement patterns since 1983. SSAR Herpetological and habitat use of Rana muscosa, the Conservation 1:93–99. mountain yellow–legged frog, in a high– Mautz, W.J., and M.R. Dohm. 2004. elevation basin in Kings Canyon National Respiratory and behavioral effects of ozone Park, California. Journal of Herpetology on a lizard and a frog. Comparative 33:615–624. Biochemistry and Physiology 139A:371–377. Matthews, K.R., and C. Miaud. 2007. A Maxson, L.R., and D.L. Jameson. 1968. A skeletochronological study of the age comparison of the chromosomes of Hyla structure, growth, and longevity of the regilla and Hyla californiae. Copeia Mountain yellow–legged frog, Rana 1968:704–707. muscosa, in the Sierra Nevada, California. Maxson, L.R., and A.C. Wilson. 1974. Copeia 2007:986–993. Convergent morphological evolution detected Matthews, K.R., and H.K. Preisler. 2010. Site by studying proteins of tree frogs in the Hyla fidelity of the declining amphibian Rana exima species group. Science 185:66–68. sierrae (Sierra Nevada yellow–legged frog). Maxson, L.R., and A.C. Wilson. 1975. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Albumin evolution and organismal evolution Sciences 67: 243–255. in tree frogs (Hylidae). Systematic Zoology Matthews, K.R., K.L. Pope, H.K. Preisler, and 24:1–15. R.A. Knapp. 2001. Effects of nonnative trout Maxson, L., E. Pepper, and R.D. Maxon. 1977. on Pacific treefrogs (Hyla regilla) in the Immunological resolution of a diploid– Sierra Nevada. Copeia 2001:1130–1137. tetraploid species complex of tree frogs. Matthews, K.R., R.A. Knapp, and K.L. Pope. Science 197:1012–1013. 2002. Garter snake distributions in high– Maxson, L.R., and C.H. Daugherty. 1980. elevation aquatic ecosystems: is there a link Evolutionary relationships of the monotypic with declining amphibian populations and toad family Rhinophrynidae: a biochemical nonnative trout introductions? Journal of perspective. Herpetologica 36:275–280. Herpetology 36:16–22. Maxson, R.D., and L.R. Maxson. 1978. Reply Matthews, T.C. 1971. Genetic changes in a to Ralin. Science 202:336. population of boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris Maxwell, B.A., and D.G. Hokit. 1999. triseriata) polymorphic for color. American Amphibians and reptiles. Pp. 2.1–2.29 In G. Midland Naturalist 85:208–221. Joslin and H. Youmans (coordinators), Matthews, T., and D. Pettus. 1966. Color Effects of Recreation on Rocky Mountain inheritance in Pseudacris triseriata. Wildlife. A Review for Montana. Committee Herpetologica 22:269–275. on Effects of Recreation on Wildlife, Mattoon, A.T. 1996. Differential response to Montana Chapter of the Wildlife Society. temperature by gray treefrog (Hyla http://joomla.wildlife.org/Montana/images/D 187

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ocuments/2hp1.pdf response to car traffic. Herpetologica Maxwell, B.A., J.K. Werner, P. Hendricks, and 61:380–388. D.L. Flath. 2003. Herpetology in Montana. Mazzoni, R., A.A. Cunningham, P. Daszak, A. Northwest Fauna No. 5. Apolo, E. Perdomo, and G. Speranza. 2003. Maxwell, J. P. 1999. Effects of species, size, Emerging pathogen of wild amphibians in and density on the feeding behavior of three frogs (Rana catesbeiana) farmed for anuran tadpoles. M.S. thesis, Mississippi international trade. Emerging Infectious State University, Mississippi State. Diseases 9:995–998. Mayer, F.L., and M.R. Ellersieck. 1986. McAlister, W. 1954. Natural history notes on Manual of acute toxicity: interpretation and the barking frog. Herpetologica 10:197–199. data base for 410 chemicals and 66 species of McAlister, W.H. 1958. Species distribution in freshwater animals. U.S. Fish and Wildlife a mixed Scaphiopus–Bufo breeding chorus. Service Resource Publication 160. Southwestern Naturalist 3:227–229. Mayhew, W.W. 1962. Scaphiopus couchi in McAlister, W.H. 1959. The vocal structures California’s Colorado Desert. Herpetologica and method of call production in the genus 18:153–161. Scaphiopus Holbrook. Texas Journal of Mayhew, W.W. 1965. Adaptations of the Science 11:60–77. amphibian, Scaphiopus couchi, to desert McAlister, W.H. 1961a. The mechanics of conditions. American Midland Naturalist sound production in the North American 74:95–109. Bufo. Copeia 1961:86–95. Maynard, E.A. 1934. The aquatic migration of McAlister,W.H. 1961b. Artificial hybridization the toad, Bufo americanus Le Conte. Copeia between Rana a. areolata and R. p. pipiens 1934:174–177. from Texas. Texas Journal of Science Mazanti, L.E. 1999. The effects of atrazine, 13:423–426. metolachlor and chlorpyrifos on the growth McAlister, W.H. 1962. Variation in Rana and survival of larval frogs under laboratory pipiens Schreber in Texas. American and field conditions. Ph.D. dissertation, Midland Naturalist 67:334–363. University of Maryland, College Park. McAlister, W.H. 1963. A post–breeding Mazerolle, M.J. 2001. Amphibian activity, concentration of the spring peeper. movement patterns, and body size in Herpetologica 19:293. fragmented peat bogs. Journal of McAllister, C.T. 1987. Protozoan and Herpetology 35:13–20. metazoan parasites of Strecker’s chorus frog, Mazerolle, M.J. 2003. Detrimental effects of Pseudacris streckeri streckeri (Anura: peat mining on amphibian abundance and Hylidae), from north–central Texas. species richness in bogs. Biological Proceedings of the Helminthological Conservation 113:215–223. Society of Washington 54:271–274. Mazerolle, M.J. 2004. Amphibian road McAllister, C.T. 1991. Protozoan, helminth, mortality in response to nightly variations in and arthropod parasites of the spotted chorus traffic intensity. Herpetologica 60:45–53. frog, Pseudacris clarkii (Anura: Hylidae), Mazerolle, M.J. 2006. Choosing the safest from north–central Texas. Journal of the route: frog orientation in an agricultural Helminthological Society of Washington landscape. Journal of Herpetology 40:435– 58:51–56. 441. McAllister, C.T., and S.P. Tabor. 1985. Mazerolle, M.J., M. Huot, and M. Gravel. Gastrophryne olivacea (Great Plains 2005. Behavior of amphibians on the road in Narrowmouth Toad). Coexistence. 188

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Herpetological Review 16:109. Academy of Science 49:184–187. McAllister, C.T., and D.B. Conn. 1990. McAllister, C.T., S.E. Trauth, and C.R. Bursey. Occurrence of tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides 1995c. Parasites of the pickerel frog, Rana sp. (Cestoidea: Cyclophyllidea) in North palustris (Anura: Ranidae), from the southern American anurans (Amphibia). Journal of part of its range. Southwestern Naturalist Wildlife Diseases 26:540-543. 40:111–116. McAllister, C.T., and P.S. Freed. 1992. Larval McAllister, C.T., C.R. Bursey, and S.E. Trauth. Abbreviata sp. (Spirurida: Psysalopteridae) in 2008a. New host and geographic records for introduced Rio Grande chirping frogs, some endoparasites (Myxosporea, Syrrhopus cystignathoides campi (Anura: Trematoda, Cestoidea, Nematoda) of Leptodactylidae), from Houston, Texas. amphibians and reptiles from Arkansas and Texas Journal of Science 44:359–361. Texas, U.S.A. Comparative Parasitology McAllister, C.T., and S.E. Trauth. 1995. New 75:241–254. host records for Myxidium serotinum McAllister, C.T., F.L. Frye, and S.R. Goldberg. (Protozoa: Myxosporea) from North 2008b. Hyla chrysoscelis (Cope’s Gray American amphibians. Journal of Treefrog). Ocular pathology. Herpetological Parasitology 81:485–488. Review 39:78–79. McAllister, C.T., and S.E. Trauth. 1996. McAllister, K.R. 1995. Distribution of Ultrastructure of Cedpedia virginiensis amphibians and reptiles in Washington State. (Protista: Haptophrynidae) from the gall Northwest Fauna 3:81–112. bladder of the pickerel frog, Rana palustris, McAllister, K.R., and W.P. Leonard. 1997. in Arkansas. Proceedings of the Arkansas Washington State status report for the Academy of Science 50:133–136. Oregon spotted frog. Washington Department McAllister, C.T., and C.R. Bursey. 2012. of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia. Anaxyrus americanus charlesmithi (Dwarf McAllister, K.R., W.P. Leonard, and R.M. American Toad). Nematode parasite. Storm. 1993. Spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) Herpetological Review 43:117. surveys in the Puget Trough of McAllister, C.T., S.J. Upton, and D.B. Conn. Washington, 1989–1991. Northwestern 1989. A comparative study of endoparasites Naturalist 74:10–15. in three species of sympatric Bufo (Anura: McAllister, K.R., J.W. Watson, K. Bufonidae), from Texas. Proceedings of the Risenhoover, and T. McBride. 2004. Marking Helminthological Society of Washington and radiotelemetry of Oregon spotted frogs 56:162–167. (Rana pretiosa). Northwestern Naturalist McAllister, C.T., S.J. Upton, S.E. Trauth, and 85:20–25. C.R. Bursey. 1995a. Parasites of wood frogs, McAlpine, D.F. 1996. Acanthocephala Rana sylvatica (Ranidae), from Arkansas, parasitic in North American amphibians: a with a description of a new species of Eimera review with new records. Alytes 14:115– (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae). Journal of the 121. Helminthological Society of Washington McAlpine, D.F. 1997a. Historical evidence 62:143–149. does not suggest New Brunswick amphibians McAllister, C.T., S.E. Trauth, and L.D. Gage. have declined. SSAR Herpetological 1995b. Vertebrate fauna of abandoned mines Conservation 1:117–127. at Gold Mine Springs, Independence County, McAlpine, D.F. 1997b. Helminth communities Arkansas. Proceedings of the Arkansas in bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana), green frogs 189

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(Rana clamitans), and leopard frogs (Rana 2012. Frog population viability under present pipiens) from New Brunswick, Canada. and future climate conditions: a Bayesian Canadian Journal of Zoology 75:1883–1890. state–space approach. Journal of Animal McAlpine, D.F. 1997c. A simple transect Ecology 81:978–985. technique for estimating abundance of McCallum, M.L. 1999a. Rana sphenocephala aquatic ranid frogs. SSAR Herpetological (Southern Leopard Frog) malformities found Conservation 1:180–184. in Illinois with behavioral notes. McAlpine, D.F., and T.G. Dilworth. 1989. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Microhabitat and prey size among three Science 92:257–264. species of Rana (Anura: Ranidae) McCallum, M.L. 1999b. Acris crepitans sympatric in eastern Canada. Canadian (Northern Cricket Frog). Death feigning. Journal of Zoology 67:2244–2252. Herpetological Review 30:90. McAlpine, D.F., and M.D.B. Burt. 1998. McCallum, M.L. 2003. Reproductive ecology Helminth communities in bullfrogs (Rana and taxonomic status of Acris crepitans catesbeiana), green frogs (Rana clamitans), blanchardi with additional investigations on and leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) from New the Hamilton and Zuk hypotheses. Ph.D. Brunswick, Canada. Canadian Field– dissertation, Arkansas State University, Naturalist 112:50–68. Jonesboro. McAlpine, D.F., B. Cougle, and T.J. Fletcher. McCallum, M.L. 2010. Future climate change 2001. Rana septentrionalis (Mink Frog). spells catastrophe for Blanchard’s cricket Larval predation. Herpetological Review frog, Acris blanchardi (Amphibia: Anura: 32:183–184. Hylidae). Acta Herpetologica 5:119–130. McAlpine, D.F., R.W. Harding, and R. Curley. McCallum, M.L. 2011a. Road mortality of 2006. Occurrence and biogeographic turtles and bullfrogs during a major flood. significance of the pickerel frog (Rana Herpetology Notes 4:183–186. palustris) on Prince Edward Island, Canada. McCallum, M.L. 2011b. Orientation and Herpetological Natural History 10:95–98. directional escape by Blanchard’s Cricket McAlpine, S. 1993. Genetic heterozygosity and Frog (Acris blanchardi) in response to a reproductive success in the green treefrog, human predator. Acta Herpetologica 6:161– Hyla cinerea. Heredity 70:553–558. 168. McAlpine, S., and M.H. Smith. 1995. Genetic McCallum, M.L., and J.L. McCallum. 2012. correlates of fitness in the green treefrog, Does body size reflect foraging ability in Hyla cinerea. Herpetologica 51:393–400. post–metamorphic marine toads? McAtee, W.L. 1921. Homing and other habits Herpetology Notes 5:15–18. of the bullfrog. Copeia (96):39–40. McCallum, M.L., and J.L. McCallum. 2005. McAuliffe, J.R. 1978. Biological survey and Hyla chrysoscelis (Cope’s Gray Treefrog). management of sport–hunted bullfrog Tadpole over–wintering. Herpetological populations in Nebraska. Nebraska Game and Review 3:54. Parks Commission, Lincoln. McCallum, M.L., and J. Rayburn. 2006. McCaffery, R.M.W. 2011. Population Herpetological Husbandry: A simple method dynamics of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana for housing Xenopus during oviposition and luteiventiris): inference from long–term obtaining eggs for use in FETAX. demography. Ph.D. dissertation, University Herpetological Review 37:331. of Montana, Missoula. McCallum, M.L., and S.E. Trauth. 2001a. Are McCaffery, R., A. Solonen, and E. Crone. tadpoles of the Illinois chorus frog 190

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(Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis) 205. cannibalistic? Transactions of the Illinois McCallum, M.L., B.A. Wheeler, and S.E. State Academy of Science 94:171–178. Trauth. 2001a. Pseudacris streckeri McCallum, M.L., and S.E. Trauth. 2001b. illinoensis (Illinois Chorus Frog). Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis (Illinois Dysfunctional vocal sac. Herpetological Chorus Frog). Terrestrial feeding. Review 32:248–249. Herpetological Review 32:35. McCallum, M.L., B.A. Wheeler, and S.E. McCallum, M.L., and S.E. Trauth. 2001c. Hyla Trauth. 2001b. Acris crepitans (Northern cinerea (Green Treefrog) Pre–hibernation Cricket Frog). Attempted cannibalism. live body weights. Herpetological Review Herpetological Reviw 32:99–100. 32:182. McCallum, M.L., B.A. Wheeler, and S.E. McCallum, M.L., and S.E. Trauth. 2002. Trauth. 2001c. The “Frog Box:” A new bulk Performance of wood frog (Rana sylvatica) holding device for anurans. Herpetological tadpoles on three soybean meal – corn meal Review 33:107. rations. Podarcis 3:78–85. McCallum, M.L., T.L. Klotz, and S.E. Trauth. McCallum, M.L., and S.E. Trauth. 2003a. A 2003a. Rana sylvatica (Wood Frog). Death forty–three year museum study of northern feigning. Herpetological Review 34:54–55. cricket frog (Acris crepitans) abnormalities in McCallum, M.L., T.L. Klotz, and S.E. Trauth. Arkansas: upward trends and distributions. 2003b. Rana sylvatica (Wood Frog). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39:522–528. Phonotactic stalking. Herpetological Review McCallum, M.L., and S.E. Trauth. 2003b. 34:54. Acris crepitans (Northern Cricket Frog). McCallum, M.L., R.G. Neal, and S.E. Trauth. Communal hibernaculum. Herpetological 2003c. Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis Review 34:228. (Illinois Chorus Frog). Satellite behavior. McCallum, M.L., and S.E. Trauth. 2004. Herpetological Review 34:53. Blanchard’s cricket frog in Nebraska and McCallum, M.L., S.E. Trauth, R.G. Neal, V. South Dakota. Prairie Naturalist 36:129–135. Hoffman. 2003d. A herpetofaunal inventory McCallum, M.L., and S.E. Trauth. 2006. An of Arkansas Post National Memorial, evaluation of the subspecies Acris crepitans Arkansas County, Arkansas. Journal of the blanchardi (Anura, Hylidae). Zootaxa Arkansas Academy of Science 57:123–130. 1104:1–21. McCallum, M.L., S.E. Trauth, M.N. Mary, McCallum, M.L., and S.E. Trauth. 2007. C.R. McDowell, and B.A. Wheeler. 2004. Physiological trade–offs between immunity Fall breeding of the southern leopard frog and reproduction in the northern cricket (Rana sphenocephala) in northeastern frog (Acris crepitans). Herpetologica 63:269– Arkansas. Southeastern Naturalist 3:401–408. 274. McCallum, M.L., S.E. Trauth, C.R. McDowell, McCallum, M.L., and S.E. Trauth. 2008. Egg R.G. Neal, and T.L. Klotz. 2006. Calling site mass fidelity suggests oophagy in the Illinois characterization of the Illinois Chorus frog chorus frog (Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis). (Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis) with Journal of Kansas Herpetology 28:14. additional notes on population size and McCallum, M.L., and S.E. Trauth. 2009. Hyla breeding choruses. Herpetological Natural cinerea (Green Tree Frog) and Pseudacris History 9:183–185. triseriata (Western Chorus Frog). Calling in McCallum, M.L, V. Bogosian III, and E. amplexus. Herpetological Review 40:204– Walsh. 2008. Mortality of bullfrogs (Rana 191

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

catesbeiana) from an in–ground swimming 2009. Effects of light and group size on the pool. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 28:15. activity of wood frog tadpoles (Rana McCallum, M.L., C. Brooks, R. Mason, and sylvatica) and their response to a shadow S.E. Trauth. 2011a. Growth, reproduction, stimulus. Acta Herpetologica 4:103–107. and life span in Blanchard’s cricket frog McCoid, M.J. 1985. An observation of (Acris blanchardi) with notes on the growth reproductive behavior in a wild population of of the northern cricket frog (Acris crepitans). African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis, in Herpetology Notes 4:25–35. California. California Fish and Game McCallum, M.L., W.E. Moser, B.A. Wheeler, 71:245–246. and S.E. Trauth. 2011b. Amphibian McCoid, M.J. 2005. Rana berlandieri (Rio infestation and host size preference by the Grande Leopard Frog). Salinity tolerance. leech Placobdella picta (Verrill, 1872) Herpetological Review 36:437–438. (Hirudinida: Rhynchobdellida: McCoid, M.J., and T.H. Fritts. 1980a. Notes on Glossiphoniidae) from the eastern Ozarks, the diet of a feral population of Xenopus USA. Herpetology Notes 4:147–151. laevis (Pipidae) in California. Southwestern McClanahan, L., Jr. 1964. Osmotic tolerance of Naturalist 25:272–275. the muscles of two desert–inhabiting toads, McCoid, M.J., and T.H. Fritts. 1980b. Bufo cognatus and Scaphiopus couchi. Observations of feral populations of Xenopus Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology laevis (Pipidae) in Southern California. 12:501–508. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy McClanahan, L., Jr. 1967. Adaptations of the of Science 79:82–86. spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus couchi, to desert McCoid, M.J., and T.H. Fritts. 1989. Growth environments. Comparative Biochemistry and fatbody cycles in feral populations of the and Physiology 20:73–99. African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis McClanahan, L., Jr. 1972. Changes in body (Pipidae), in California with comments on fluid of burrowed spadefoot toads as a reproduction. Southwestern Naturalist function of soil water potential. Copeia 34:499–505. 1972:209–216. McCoid, M.J., and T.H. Fritts. 1993. McClanahan, L.L., R. Ruibal, and V.H. Speculations on colonizing success of the Shoemaker. 1994. Frogs and toads in deserts. African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis Scientific American 270(3):82–88. (Pipidae), in California. South African McClelland, B.E., and W. Wilczynski. 1989. Journal of Zoology 28:59–61. Release call characteristics of male and McCoid, M.J., and T.H. Fritts. 1995. Female female Rana pipiens. Copeia 1989:1045– reproductive potential and winter clawed 1049. frogs (Pipidae: Xenopus laevis) in California. McClelland, B.E., W. Wilczynski, and M.J. California Fish and Game 81:39– 42. Ryan. 1996. Correlations between call McCoid, M.J., G.K. Pregill, and R.M. Sullivan. characteristics and morphology in male 1993. Possible decline of Xenopus cricket frogs (Acris crepitans). Journal of populations in Southern California. Experimental Biology 199:1907–1919. Herpetological Review 24:29–30. McClure, K.A. 1996. Ecology of Pseudacris McCoid, M.J., F.S. Guthery, S. Kopp, and R. brachyphona: a second look. M.S. thesis, Howard.1999. Scaphiopus holbrookii hurterii Marshall University, Huntington, West (Hurter’s Spadefoot). Predation. Virginia. Herpetological Review 30:94. McClure, K.V., J.W. Mora, and G.R. Smith. McCollum, S.A. 1993. Ecological 192

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consequences of predator–induced ecotoxicological effects of agricultural polyphenism in larval hylid frogs. Ph.D. exposure on anurans. Ph.D. dissertation, dissertation, Duke University, Durham, North University of Florida, Gainesville. Carolina. McCoy, K.A., L.J. Bortnick, C.M. Campbell, McCollum, S.A., and J. Van Buskirk. 1996. H.J. Hamlin, L.J. Guillette, Jr., and C.M. St. Costs and benefits of a predator–induced Mary. 2008a. Agriculture alters gonadal form polyphenism in the gray treefrog Hyla and function in the toad Bufo marinus. chrysoscelis. Evolution 50:583–593. Environmental Health Perspectives McCollum, S.A., and J.D. Leimberger. 1997. 116:1526–1532. Predator–induced morphological changes in McCoy, K.A., L.K. Hoang, L.J. Guillette, Jr., an amphibian: predation by dragonflies and C.M. St. Mary. 2008b. Renal pathologies affects tadpole shape and color. Oecologia in giant toads (Bufo marinus) vary with land 109:615–621. use. Science of the Total Environment McComb, W.C., and R.E. Noble. 1981. 407:348–357. Herpetofaunal use of natural tree cavities and McCoy, M.W. 2003. Bufo terrestris (Southern nest boxes. Wildlife Society Bulletin 9:261– Toad). Predation. Herpetological Review 267. 34:135–136. McConnell, A.P. 1966. The effect of McCoy, M.W. 2006. Trait–mediated predator– temperature upon the larval development of prey interactions between treefrog tadpoles amphibians. M.S. thesis, North Carolina and aquatic invertebrates: integrating size– State University, Raleigh. structure, density, and among–individual McCormick, J. 1970. The Pine Barrens: a variation. Ph.D. dissertation, University of preliminary ecological inventory. Research Florida, Gainesville. Report No. 2, New Jersey State Museum, McCoy, M.W. 2007. Conspecific density Trenton. determines the magnitude and character of McCormick, S., and G.A. Polis. 1982. predator–induced phenotype. Oecologia Invertebrates that prey on vertebrates. 153:871–878. Biological Review 57:29–58. McCoy, M.W., and B.M. Bolker. 2008. Trait– McCoy, C.J. 1969. Diet of bullfrogs (Rana mediated interactions: influence of prey size, catesbeiana) in central Oklahoma farm density and experience. Journal of Animal ponds. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Ecology 77:478–486. Academy of Science 48:44–45. McCreary, B., and C.A. Pearl. 2008. Rana McCoy, C.J. 1982. Amphibians and reptiles in cascadae (Cascades Frog). Albinism. Pennsylvania. Carnegie Museum of Natural Herpetological Review 39:79–80. History Special Publication No. 6. McCreary, B., and C.A. Pearl. 2010. McCoy, C.J., and C.J. Durden. 1965. New Pseudacris regilla (Northern Pacific distribution records of amphibians and Treefrog). Cavity use. Herpetological Review reptiles in eastern Canada. Canadian 41:202–203. Field–Naturalist 79:156–157. McDaniel, V.R., and J.E. Gardner. 1977. Cave McCoy, C.J., H.M. Smith, and J.A. Tihen. fauna of Arkansas: vertebrate taxa. 1967. Natural hybrid toads, Bufo punctatus x Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Bufo woodhousei, from Colorado. Science 31:68–71. Southwestern Naturalist 12:45–54. McDiarmid, R.W. 1983. Large–scale McCoy, K.A. 2006. The reproductive and operations management test of use of the 193

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White Amur for control of problem aquatic of central Arkansas. Southwestern Naturalist plants. Reports 2 and 3, Volume 5. The 19:105–119. herpetofauna of Lake Conway, Florida: McKeever, S. 1977. Observations of community analysis. U.S. Army Corps of Corethrella feeding on tree frogs (Hyla). Engineers, Technical Report A–78–2, News 37:522–523. Waterways Experiment Station,Vicksburg, McKeever, S., and F.E. French. 1991. Mississippi. Corethrella (Diptera: ) of McDonald, D.G., J.L. Ozog, and B.P. Simons. eastern North America: laboratory life history 1984. The influence of low pH environments and field responses to anuran calls. Annals of on ion regulation in the larval stages of the the Entomological Society of America anuran amphibian, Rana clamitans. Canadian 84:493–497. Journal of Zoology 62:2171–2177. McKeown, J.P. 1968. The ontogenetic McGarrity, M.E., and S.A. Johnson. 2009. development of Y–axis orientation in four Geographic trend in sexual size dimorphism species of anurans. Ph.D. dissertation, and body size of Osteopilus septentrionalis Mississippi State University, Mississippi (Cuban treefrog): implications for invasion of State. the southeastern United States. Biological McKeown, S. 1996. A Field Guide to Reptiles Invasions 11:1411–1420. and Amphibians in the Hawaiian Islands. McGarrity, M.E., and S.A. Johnson. 2010. A Diamond Head Publishing, Los Osos, radio telemetry study of invasive Cuban California. treefrogs. Florida Scientist 73:225–235. McKibbina, R., W.T. Dushenkob, G. van McGehee, R.T., R. Reams, and M.E. Brown. Aggelenc, and C.A. Bishop. 2008. The 2001. Bufo valliceps (Gulf Coast Toad). Diet. influence of water quality on the embryonic Herpetological Review 32:101–102. survivorship of the Oregon spotted frog McGrath, E.A., and M.M. Alexander. 1979. (Rana pretiosa) in British Columbia, Canada. Observations on the exposure of larval Science of the Total Environment 395: 28– bullfrogs to fuel oil. Transactions of the 40. Northeast Section of The Wildlife Society McKinnell, R.G. 1984. Lucké tumor of frogs. 36:45–51. Pp. 581–605 In G.L. Hoff, F.L. Frye, and McHenry, D.J. 2010. Genetic variation and E.R. Jacobson (eds.), Diseases of population structure in the endangered Amphibians and Reptiles. Plenum Press, Houston Toad in contrast to its common New York. sympatric relative, the coastal plain toad. McKinnell, R.G., and J. Zambernard. 1968. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Missouri, Virus particles in renal tumors obtained from Columbia. spring Rana pipiens of known geographic McHenry, D.J., M.A. Gaston, and M.R.J. origin. Cancer Research 28:684–688. Forstner. 2010. Bufo houstonensis (Houston McKinnell, R.G., and D.L. Carlson. 2005. Toad). Predation. Herpetological Review Lucké renal adenocarcinoma. Pp. 96–102 In 41:193. M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian Declines. The McIntyre, P.B., and S.A. McCollum. 2000. Conservation Status of United States Species. Responses of bullfrog tadpoles to hypoxia University of California Press, Berkeley. and predators. Oecologia 125:301–308. McKinnell, R.G., D.M. Hoppe, and B.K. McKamie, J.A., and G.A. Heidt. 1974. A McKinnell. 2005. Monitoring pigment comparison of spring food habits of the pattern morphs of northern leopard frogs. Pp. bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, in three habitats 328–337 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian 194

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Declines. The Conservation Status of United desiccation cause amphibian decline in States Species. University of California Yellowstone National Park. Proceedings of Press, Berkeley. the National Academy of Sciences USA McKnight, D.T. 2012. Hyla chrysoscelis 105:16988–16993. (Cope’s Gray Treefrog). Calling/mate choice. McMenamin, S.K., E.A. Hadly, and C.K. Herpetological Review 43:120–121. Wright. 2009. Reply to Patla et al.: McLaren, I.A. 1965. Temperature and frog amphibian habitat and populations in eggs. Journal of General Physiology Yellowstone damaged by drought and global 48:1071–1079. warming. Proceedings of the National McLeod, D.S. 2005. Nebraska’s declining Academy of Sciences USA 106:E23. amphibians. Pp. 292–294 In M.J. Lannoo McMurry, S.T., L.M. Smith, K.D. Dupler, and (ed.), Amphibian Declines. The Conservation M.B. Gutierrez. 2009. Influence of land use Status of United States Species. University of on body size and splenic cellularity in California Press, Berkeley. wetland breeding Spea spp. Journal of McLeod, R.F. 1995. The effects of timber Herpetology 43:421–430. harvest and prescribed burning on the McNicholl, M.K. 1972. An observation of distribution and abundance of reptiles apparent death–feigning by a toad. and amphibians at Remington Farms, 30:54–55. Maryland. M.S. thesis, Frostburg State Meacham, W.R. 1958. Factors affecting gene University, Frostburg, Maryland. exchange between two allopatric populations McLeod, R.F., and J.E. Gates. 1998. Response of the Bufo woodhousei complex. Ph.D. of herpetofaunal communities to forest dissertation, University of Texas, Austin. cutting and burning at Chesapeake Farms, Meacham, W.R. 1962. Factors affecting Maryland. American Midland Naturalist secondary intergradation between two 139:164–177. allopatric populations in the Bufo McMahon T.A., N.T. Halstead, S. Johnson, woodhousei complex. American Midland T.R. Raffel, J.M. Romansic, P.W. Crumrine, Naturalist 67:282–304. R.K. Boughton, L.B. Martin, and J.R. Rohr. Means, D. B. 1977. Aspects of the significance 2011. The fungicide Chlorothalonil is to terrestrial vertebrates of the Apalachicola nonlinearly associated with corticosterone River Basin, Florida. Florida Marine levels, immunity, and mortality in Research Publications (26):37–67. amphibians. Environmental Health Means, D.B. 2004. Rana capito (Florida Perspectives 119:1098–1103. Gopher Frog). Defensive behavior. McMahon, T.A., L.A. Brannelly, M.W.H. Herpetological Review 35:163–164. Chatfield, P.T.J. Johnson, M.B. Joseph, V.J. Means, D.B., and C.J. Longden. 1976. Aspects McKenzie, C.L. Richards–Zawacki, M.D. of the biology and zoogeography of the Pine Venesky, and J.R. Rohr. 2012. Chytrid Barrens treefrog (Hyla andersonii) in fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has northern Florida. Herpetologica 32:117–130. nonamphibian hosts and releases chemicals Means, D.B., and D. Simberloff. 1987. The that cause pathology in the absence of peninsula effect: habitat correlated species infection. Proceedings of the National decline in Florida’s herpetofauna. Journal of Academy of Sciences, USA. 110:210–215. Biogeography 14:551–568. McMenamin, S.K., E.A. Hadly, and C.K. Means, D.B., and R.C. Means. 2005. Effects of Wright. 2008. Climatic change and wetland sand pine silviculture on pond–breeding 195

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Reproduction and development of the wood Iowa Academy of Science 107:151–159. frog, Rana sylvatica, in eastern Tennessee. Merrell, D.J. 1965. The distribution of the Herpetologica 29:188–191. dominant Burnsi gene in the leopard frog, Meier, P.T. 2007. Fine spatial scale phenotypic Rana pipiens. Evolution 19:69–85. divergence in wood frogs (Lithobates Merrell, D.J. 1968. A comparison of the sylvaticus). Canadian Journal of Zoology 85: estimated size and the “effective size” of 873–882. breeding populations of the leopard frog, Meijden, A. van der, M. Vinces, S. Hoegg, R. Rana pipiens. Evolution 22:274–283. Boistel, A. Channing, and A. Meyer. 2007. Merrell, D.J. 1969. Natural selection in a Nuclear gene phylogeny of narrow–mouthed leopard frog population. Journal of the toads (Family: Microhylidae) and a Minnesota Academy of Science 35:86–89. discussion of competing hypotheses Merrell, D.J. 1970. Migration and gene concerning their biogeographical origins. dispersal in Rana pipiens. American Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Zoologist 10:47–52. 44:1017–1030. Merrell, D.J. 1972. Laboratory studies bearing Meik, J.M., E. Mociño–Deloya, and K. Setser. on pigment pattern polymorphisms in wild 2007. Bufo punctatus (Red–spotted Toad). populations of Rana pipiens. Genetics Predation. Herpetological Review 38:180. 70:141–161. Meisler, J.A. 2005. Pseudacris triseriata Merrell, D.J. 1973. Ecological genetics of (Western Chorus Frog). Reproduction. anurans as exemplified by Rana pipiens. Pp. Herpetological Review 36:55. 329–335 In J.L. Vial (ed.), Evolutionary Mendonça, M.T., P. Licht, M.J. Ryan, and R. Biology of the Anurans. University of Barnes. 1985. Changes in hormone levels Missouri Press, Columbia. in relation to breeding behavior in male Merrell, D.J. 1977. Life history of the leopard bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) at the frog, Rana pipiens, in Minnesota. University individual and population levels. General and of Minnesota Bell Museum of Natural Comparative Endocrinology 58:270–279. History, Occasional Papers No. 15. Mengel, D.C. 2010. Amphibians as wetland Merrell, D.J., and C.F. Rodell. 1968. Seasonal restoration indicators on Wetlands Reserve selection in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Program sites in Lower Grand River Basin, Evolution 22:284–288. Missouri. M.S. thesis, University of Mertins, J.W., S.M. Torrence, and M.C. Missouri, Columbia. Sterner. 2011. Chiggers recently infesting Mennell, L. 1997. Amphibians in southwestern Spea spp. in Texas, USA, were Eutrombicula Yukon and northwestern British Columbia. affreddugesi, not Hannemania sp. Journal of SSAR Herpetological Conservation 1:107– Wildlife Diseases 47:612–617. 109. Meshaka, W.E., Jr. 1993. Hurricane Andrew Merkle, D.A. 1977. The occurrence of the and the colonization of five invading species eastern spadefoot, Scaphiopus h. holbrooki, in south Florida. Florida Scientist 56:193– in the central Piedmont of Virginia. Bulletin 201. of the Maryland Herpetological Society Meshaka, W.E., Jr. 1994a. Giant toad eaten by 13:196–197. red–shouldered hawk. Florida Field Merovich, C.E., and J.H. Howard. 2000. Naturalist 22:54–55. Amphibian use of constructed ponds on Meshaka, W.E., Jr. 1994b. Ecological Maryland’s Eastern Shore. Journal of the correlates of successful colonization in the 197

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life history of the Cuban treefrog, Osteopilus 1999. Relation of temperature and rainfall to septentrionalis (Anura: Hylidae). Ph.D. movements and reproduction of the eastern dissertation, Florida International University, narrow–mouthed toad (Gastrophryne Miami. carolinensis) in south–central Florida. Meshaka, W.E., Jr. 1996a. Diet and the Florida Scientist 62:213–221. colonization of buildings by the Cuban Meshaka, W.E., Jr., and A.L. Mayer. 2005. treefrog, Osteopilus septentrionalis (Anura: Diet of the southern toad (Bufo terrestris) Hylidae). Caribbean Journal of Science from the southern Everglades. Florida 32:59–63. Scientist 68:261–266. Meshaka, W.E., Jr. 1996b. Vagility and the Meshaka, W.E., Jr., and J.T. Collins. 2010. A Florida distribution of the Cuban treefrog Pocket Guide to Pennsylvania Frogs & (Osteopilus septentrionalis). Herpetological Toads. Mennonite Press Inc., Newton, Review 27:37–40. Kansas. Meshaka, W.E., Jr. 1996c. Retreat use by the Meshaka, W.E., Jr., and R. Powell. 2010. Diets Cuban treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis): of the native southern toad (Anaxyrus implications for successful colonization in terrestris) and the exotic cane toad Florida. Journal of Herpetology 30:443–445. (Rhinella marina) from a single site in south– Meshaka, W.E., Jr. 1996d. Osteopilus central Florida. Florida Scientist 73:175–179. septentrionalis (Cuban Treefrog). Maximum Meshaka, W.E., Jr., and S.D. Marshall. 2011a. size. Herpetological Review 27:74. Clutch characteristics of the southern leopard Meshaka, W.E., Jr. 2000. Bufo terrestris frog, Lithobates sphenocephalus (Cope, (Southern Toad). Maximum size. 1886), in Natchitoches, Louisiana. Bulletin of Herpetological Review 31:169. the Maryland Herpetological Society 47:36– Meshaka, W.E., Jr. 2001. The Cuban Treefrog 37. in Florida. University Press of Florida, Meshaka, W.E., Jr., and S.D. Marshall. 2011b. Gainesville. Clutch characteristics of the pickerel frog, Meshaka, W.E., Jr. 2011a. A runaway train in Lithobates palustris (LeConte, 1825), in the making: the exotic amphibians, reptiles, Natchitoches, Louisiana. Bulletin of the turtles, and crocodilians of Florida. Maryland Herpetological Society 47:45–46. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, Meshaka, W.E., Jr., and S.D. Marshall. 2012. Monograph 1:1–107. Seasonal activity, reproductive cycles, and Meshaka, W., Jr. 2011b. Overwintering by growth of the bronze frog (Lithobates tadpoles of the green frog, Lithobates clamitans clamitans) in Florida. Florida clamitans melanota (Rafinesque, 1820), in Scientist 75:176– 188. western Pennsylvania. Herpetology Notes Meshaka, W.E., Jr., W.F. Loftus, and T. 4:311–314. Steiner. 2000. The herpetofauna of Meshaka, W.E., Jr., and B. Ferster. 1995. Two Everglades National Park. Florida Scientist species of snakes prey on Cuban treefrogs in 63:84–103. southern Florida. Florida Field Naturalist Meshaka, W.E., Jr., B.P. Butterfield, and J.B. 23:97–98. Hauge. 2004. The Exotic Amphibians and Meshaka, W.E., Jr., and K.P. Jansen. 1997. Reptiles of Florida. Krieger Publishing, Osteopilus septentrionalis (Cuban Treefrog). Malabar, Florida. Predation. Herpetological Review 28:147– Meshaka, W.E., Jr., S.D. Marshall, L.R. 148. Raymond, and L.M. Hardy. 2009a. Seasonal Meshaka, W.E., Jr., and G.E. Woolfenden. activity, reproductive cycles, and growth of 198

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the bronze frog (Lithobates clamitans Pennsylvania. Collinsorum 1:7–8. clamitans) in northern Louisiana: the long Meshaka, W.E., Jr., E. Wingert, R.W. Cassell, and the short of it. Journal of Kansas P.R. Delis, and N. Potter, Jr. 2012b. Status Herpetology 29:12–20. and distribution of the eastern spadefoot, Meshaka, W.E., Jr., J. Boundy, S.D. Marshall, Scaphiopus holbrookii (Harlan, 1835), in and J. Delahoussaye. 2009b. Seasonal Pennsylvania: statewide conservation activity, reproductive cycles, and growth of implications for an imperiled species. the bronze frog (Lithobates clamitans Collinsorum 1:20–24. clamitans) in southern Louisiana: an endpoint Meshaka, W.E., Jr., N. Edwards, and P. R. in its geographic distribution and the Delis. 2012c. Seasonal activity, reproductive variability of its geographic life history traits. cycles, and growth of the pickerel frog, Journal of Kansas Herpetology 31:12–17. Lithobates palustris (LeConte, 1825), from Meshaka, W.E., Jr., J. Boundy, and A. Pennsylvania. Herpetological Bulletin 119:1– Williams. 2009c. The dispersal of the 8. greenhouse frog, Eleutherodactylus Metcalf, M.M. 1923. Opalinid planirostris (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae), in infusorians. Bulletin of the U.S. National Louisiana, with preliminary observations on Museum (120):1–484. several potential exotic colonizing species. Metcalf, M.M. 1928. The bell toads and their Journal of Kansas Herpetology 32:13–16. opalinid parasites. American Naturalist 62:5– Meshaka, W.E., Jr., S.D. Marshall, and D. 21. Heinicke. 2011a. Seasonal activity, Metcalf, Z.P. 1921. The food capacity of the reproductive cycles, and growth of the bronze toad. Copeia (100):81–82. frog (Lithobates clamitans clamitans) at the Meteyer, C.U. 2000. Field guide to western edge of its geographic range. malformations of frogs and toads, with Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological radiographic interpretations. U.S. Geological Society 47:11–22. Survey, Biological Science Report Meshaka, W.E., Jr., P.R. Delis, and S.A. USGS/BRD/BSR–2000–0005. Mortzfeldt. 2011b. Seasonal activity, Meteyer, C.U., I.K. Loeffler, J.F. Fallon, K.A. reproductive cycles, and growth of the Converse, E. Green, J.C. Helgen, S. Kersten, northern leopard frog, Lithobates pipiens R. Levey, L. Eaton–Poole, and J.G. (Schreber, 1782), from Pennsylvania. Burkhart. 2000a. Hind limb malformations in Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological free–living northern leopard frogs (Rana Society 47:23–35. pipiens) from Maine, Minnesota, and Meshaka, W.E., Jr., E. Wingert, R.W. Cassell, Vermont suggest multiple etiologies. P.R. Delis, and S.A. Mortzfeldt. 2011c. Teratology 62:151–171. Breeding episodes of the eastern spadefoot, Meteyer, C.U., R.A. Cole, K.A. Converse, D.E. Scaphiopus holbrookii (Harlan, 1835), in Docherty, M. Wolcott, J.C. Helgren, R. central Pennsylvania. Journal of Kansas Levey, L. Eaton–Poole, and J.G. Burkhart. Herpetology 40:10–12. 2000b. Defining anuran malformations in the Meshaka, W.E., Jr., S. Bartle, P.R. Delis, and context of a developmental problem. Journal E. Wingert. 2012a. Adult body size and of the Iowa Academy of Science 107:72–78. clutch characteristics of the spring peeper, Metter, D.E. 1960. The distribution of Pseudacris crucifer (Wied–Neuwied, 1838), amphibians in eastern Washington. M.S. from a single site in south–central thesis, Washington State University, 199

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Pullman. Pollution 164:211–218. Metter, D.E. 1961. Water levels as an Meyer, F.P. 1965. The experimental use of environmental factor in the breeding season Guthion as a selective fish eradicator. of Bufo boreas boreas (Baird and Girard). Transactions of the American Fisheries Copeia 1961:488. Society 94:203–209. Metter, D.E. 1962. Ascaphus truei Stejneger in Meyer, L.R., J. Geiger–Hayes, and P. Owen. the Blue Mountains of southeastern 2007. Examination of the intestinal contents Washington. Occasional Papers, Department of Rana clamitans and Rana catesbeiana of Biology, College of Puget Sound No. tadpoles for symbiotic, cellulose–digesting 21:205–206. bacteria. Herpetological Review 38:393–395. Metter, D.E. 1963. Stomach contents of Idaho Meyers, J.M., and D.A. Pike. 2006. larval Dicamptodon. Copeia 1963:435–436. Herpetofaunal diversity of Alligator River Metter, D.E. 1964a. A morphological and National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina. ecological comparison of two populations of Southeastern Naturalist 5:235–252. the tailed frog, Ascaphus truei Stejneger. Meylan, P. 2005. Late Pliocene anurans from Copeia 1964:181–195. Inglis 1A, Citrus County, Florida. Bulletin of Metter, D.E. 1964b. On breeding and sperm the Florida Museum of Natural History retention in Ascaphus. Copeia 1964:710–711. 45:171–178. Metter, D.E. 1966. Some temperature and Micancin, J.P. 2008. Acoustic variation and salinity tolerances of Ascaphus truei species discrimination in southeastern sibling Stejneger. Journal of the Idaho Academy of species, the cricket frogs Acris crepitans and Science 4:44–47. Acris gryllus. Ph.D. dissertation, University Metter, D.E. 1967. Variation in the ribbed frog of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Ascaphus truei Stejneger. Copeia 1967:634– Micancin, J.P. 2010. Acris gryllus (Southern 649. Cricket Frog). Dispersal. Herpetological Metter, D.E. 1968. The influence of floods on Review 41:192. population structure of Ascaphus truei Micancin, J.P., and J.T. Mette. 2009. Acoustic Stejneger. Journal of Herpetology 1:105– and morphological identification of the 106. sympatric cricket frogs Acris crepitans and A. Metter, D.E., and R.J. Pauken. 1969. An gryllus and the disappearance of A. gryllus analysis of the reduction of gene flow in near the edge of its range. Zootaxa 2076:1– Ascaphus truei in the northwest U.S. since 36. the Pleistocene. Copeia 1969:307–310. Micancin, J.P., and J.T. Mette. 2010. Acris Metts, B.S., J.D. Lanham, and K.R. Russell. crepitans (Northern Cricket Frog) and Acris 2001. Evaluation of herpetofaunal gryllus (Southern Cricket Frog). communities on upland streams and Interspecific agonism. Herpetological beaver–impounded streams in the upper Review 41:192. Piedmont of South Carolina. American Micancin, J.P., A. Tóth, R. Anderson, and J.T. Midland Naturalist 145:54–65. Mette. 2012. Sympatry and syntopy of the Metts, B.S., K.A. Buhlmann, D.E. Scott, T.D. cricket frogs Acris crepitans and Acris Tuberville, and W.A. Hopkins. 2012. gryllus in southeastern Virginia, USA and Interactive effects of maternal and decline of A. gryllus at the northern edge of environmental exposure to coal combustion its range. Herpetological Conservation and wastes decrease survival of larval southern Biology 7:276–298. toads (Bufo terrestris). Environmental Michaud, T.C. 1962. Call discrimination by 200

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females of the chorus frogs, Pseudacris The effect of pretraining procedures and clarki and Pseudacris nigrita. Copeia discriminative stimuli on the development of 1962:213–215. food selection behaviors in the toad (Bufo Michaud, T.C. 1964. Vocal variation in two terrestris). Behavioral and Neural Biology species of chorus frogs, Pseudacris nigrita 29:52–62. and Pseudacris clarki, in Texas. Evolution Milius, S. 1998. Fatal skin fungus found in 18:498–506. U.S. frogs. Science News 154:7–8. Michelsen, A., M. Jorgensen, J. Christensen– Miller, B.T., J.W. Lamb, and J.L. Miller. 2005. Dalsgaard, and R.R. Capranica. 1986. The herpetofauna of Arnold Air Force Base Directional hearing of awake, unrestrained in the barrens of south–central Tennessee. treefrogs. Naturwissenschaften 73:682–683. Southeastern Naturalist 4:51–62. Middendorf, L.J. 1957. Observations on the Miller, C.E. 1968. Frogs with five legs. early spring activities of the western spotted Carolina Tips No. 31(1). frog (Rana pretiosa pretiosa) in Gallatin Miller, D.A.W., C.S. Brehme, J.E. Hines, J.D. County, Montana. Proceedings of the Nichols, and R.N. Fisher. 2012a. Joint Montana Academy of Science 17:55–56. estimation of habitat dynamics and species Middlemis Maher, J.E. 2011. Ecological and interactions: disturbance reduces co– evolutionary context of the stress response in occurrence of non–native predators with an larval anurans. Ph.D. dissertation, University endangered toad. Journal of Animal Ecology of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 81:1288-1297. Mierzwa, K.S. 1998. Status of northeastern Miller, D.A.W., L. A. Weir, B.T. McClintock, Illinois amphibians. Pp. 115–124 In M.J. E. H. Campbell Grant, L.L. Bailey, and T.R. Lannoo (ed.), Status & Distribution of Simons. 2012b. Experimental investigation Midwestern Amphibians. University of Iowa of false positive errors in auditory species Press, Iowa City. occurrence surveys. Ecological Applications Mierzwa, K.S. 2000. Wetland mitigation and 22: 1665–1674. amphibians: preliminary observations at a Miller, D.G., Jr. 1899. A new treefrog from the southwestern Illinois bottomland hardwood District of Columbia. Proceedings of the forest restoration site. Journal of the Iowa Biological Society of Washington 13:75–78. Academy of Science 107:191–194. Miller, D.L., C.R. Bursey, M.J. Gray, and L.M. Mifsud, D.A., and R. Mifsud. 2008. Golf Smith. 2004. Metacercariae of Clinostomum courses as refugia for herpetofauna in an attenuatum in Ambystoma tigrinum urban river floodplain. Pp. 303–310 In J.C. marvortium, Bufo cognatus and Spea Mitchell, R.E. Jung Brown, and B. multiplicata from west Texas. Journal of Bartholomew (eds.), Urban Herpetology. Helminthology 78:373–376. Herpetological Conservation 3. Society for Miller, D.L., S. Rajeev, M.J. Gray, and C.A. the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Salt Baldwin. 2007. Frog Virus 3 infection, Lake City, Utah. cultured American Bullfrogs. Emerging Mikaelian, I., M. Ouellet, B. Pauli, J. Rodrigue, Infectious Diseases 13:342–343. J.C. Harshbarger, and D.M. Green. 2000. Miller, D. L., M. J. Gray, and A. Storfer. 2011. Ichthyophonus–like infection in wild Ecopathology of ranaviruses infecting amphibians from Québec, Canada. Diseases amphibians. Viruses 3:2351–2373. of Aquatic Organisms 40:195–201. Miller, D.M., R.A. Young, T.W. Gatlin, and Mikulka, P., J. Highes, and G. Aggerup. 1980. J.A. Richardson. 1982. Amphibians and 201

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reptiles of the Grand Canyon. Grand invasion. Copeia 2012:307–320. Canyon Natural History Association, Milstead, W.W., J.S. Mecham, and H. Monograph 4:i–144. McClintock. 1950. The amphibians and Miller, J.D. 1978. Observations on the diets of reptiles of the Stockton Plateau in northern Rana pretiosa, Rana pipiens, and Bufo Terrell County, Texas. Texas Journal of boreas from western Montana. Northwest Science 2:543–562. Science 52:243–249. Milstead, W.W., A.S. Rand, and M.M. Stewart. Miller, K., and G.C. Packard. 1977. An 1974. Polymorphism in cricket frogs: an altitudinal cline in critical thermal maxima of hypothesis. Evolution 28:489–491. chorus frogs (Pseudacris triseriata). Miner, B. G., S. E. Sultan, S. G. Morgan, D. K. American Naturalist 111:267–277. Padilla, and R. A. Relyea. 2005. Ecological Miller, L., and A.H. Miller. 1936. The consequences of phenotypic plasticity. northward occurrence of Bufo californicus in Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20:685– California. Copeia 1936:176. 692. Miller, L.K., and P.J. Dehlinger. 1969. Minton, J.E. 1949. Coral snake preyed upon by Neuromuscular function and low the bullfrog. Copeia 1949:288. temperatures in frogs from cold and warm Minton, S.A., Jr. 1958. Observations on climates. Comparative Biochemistry and amphibians and reptiles of the Big Bend Physiology B 28:915–921. region of Texas. Southwestern Naturalist Miller, N. 1909a. The American toad (Bufo 3:28–54. lentiginosus americanus, LeConte). A study Minton, S.A., Jr. 1968. The fate of amphibians in dynamic biology. American Naturalist and reptiles in a suburban area. Journal of 43:641–668. Herpetology 2:113–116. Miller, N. 1909b. The American toad (Bufo Minton, S.A., Jr. 2001. Amphibians & Reptiles lentiginosus americanus, LeConte). 2. A of Indiana. Indiana Academy of Science, study in dynamic biology. American Indianapolis. Naturalist 43:730–745. Minton, S.A., J.C. List, and M.J. Lodato. 1982. Miller, W.D.W. 1913. Late activity of Recent records and status of amphibians and Pickering’s Hyla. Copeia (1):4. reptiles in Indiana. Proceedings of the Miller, W.D., and J. Chapin. 1910. The toads Indiana Academy of Science 92:489–498. of the northeastern United States. Science Mirarchi, R.E., M.A. Bailey, J.T. Garner, T.M. 32:315–317. Haggerty T.L. Best, M.F. Mettee and P. Mills, N.E., and R.D. Semlitsch. 2004. O’Neil (eds.). 2004. Alabama Wildlife. Vol. Competition and predation mediate the 4. Conservation and Management indirect effects of an insecticide on southern Recommendations for Imperiled Wildlife. leopard frogs. Ecological Applications University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa. 14:1041–1054. Mitchell, J.C. 1986. Life history patterns in a Millzner, R. 1924. A larval acathocephalid, central Virginia frog community. Virginia Centrorhynchus californicus, sp. nov., from Journal of Science 37:262–271. the mesentery of Hyla regilla. University of Mitchell, J.C. 1990. Pseudacris feriarum California Publications in Zoology 26:225– (). Predation. 230. Herpetological Review 21:89–90. Milko, L.V. 2012. Integrating museum and Mitchell, J.C. 1991. Amphibians and reptiles. GIS data to identify changes in species Pp. 411–476 In K. Terwilliger (ed.), distributions driven by a disturbance–induced Virginia’s Endangered Species. McDonald 202

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Woodward Publishing Company, University of California Press, Berkeley. Blacksburg, Virginia. Mitchell, J.C., and J. White. 2005. Leucistic Mitchell, J.C. 2002. An overview of amphibian wood frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpole from and reptile assemblages on Virginia’s Eastern northern Virginia. Banisteria 25:52–53. Shore, with comments on conservation. Mitchell, J.C., S.Y. Erdle, and J.F. Pagels. Banisteria 20:31–45. 1993. Evaluation of capture techniques for Mitchell, J.C. 2012. Amphibians and reptiles of amphibian, reptile, and small mammal the Eastern Shore of Virginia National communities in saturated wetlands. Wetlands Wildlife Refuge and Fisherman Island 13:130–136. National Wildlife Refuge. Banisteria 39:21– Mitchell, J.C., A.R. Breisch, and K.A. 33. Buhlmann. 2006. Habitat Management Mitchell, J.C., and J.M. Anderson. 1994. Guidelines for Amphibians and Reptiles of Amphibians and Reptiles of Assateague and the Northeastern United States. Partners in Chincoteague Islands. Virginia Museum of Amphibian and Reptile Conservation, Natural History, Special Publication No. 2. Technical Publication HMG–3, Montgomery, Mitchell, J.C., and K.A. Buhlmann, 1999. Alabama. Amphibians and reptiles of the Shenandoah Mitchell, S.L., and G.L. Miller. 1991. Valley sinkhole pond system in Virginia. Intermale spacing and calling site Banisteria 13:129–142. characteristics in a southern Mississippi Mitchell, J.C., and K.K. Reay. 1999. Atlas of chorus of Hyla cinerea. Copeia 1991:521– Amphibians and Reptiles in Virginia. 524. Virginia Department of Game and Inland Mitrovich, M.J., E.A. Gallegos, L.M. Lyren, Fisheries,Wildlife Diversity Division, Special R.E. Lovich, and R.N. Fisher. 2011. Habitat Publication No.1. use and movement of the endangered arroyo Mitchell, J.C., and D.E. Green. 2003. Hyla toad (Anaxyrus californicus) in coastal gratiosa (Barking Treefrog). Intestinal Southern California. Journal of Herpetology hernia. Herpetological Review 34:230–231. 45:319–328. Mitchell, J.C., and B. Burwell. 2004. A Mittleman, M.B. 1945. The status of Hyla malformed Fowler’s Toad (Bufo fowleri) phaeocrypta with notes on its variation. from the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Copeia 1945:31–37. Banisteria 24:51–52. Mittleman, M.B. 1946. Nomenclatural notes on Mitchell, J.C., and C.T. Georgel. 2005. two southeastern frogs. Herpetologica 3:57– Anopthalmia in an upland chorus frog 60. (Pseudacris feriarum feriarum) from Mittleman, M.B. 1950. Miscellaneous notes on southeastern Virginia. Banisteria 25:53–54. some amphibians and reptiles from the Mitchell, J.C., and L. McGranaghan. 2005. southeastern United States. Herpetologica Albinism in American Bullfrog (Rana 6:20–24. catesbeiana) tadpoles in Virginia. Banisteria Mittleman, M.B., and G.S. Myers. 1949. 25:51. Geographic variation in the ribbed frog, Mitchell, J.C., and T.K. Pauley. 2005. Ascaphus truei. Proceedings of the Biological Pseudacris brachyphona (Cope, 1889). Society of Washington 62:57–68. Mountain Chorus Frog. Pp. 465–466 In Mittleman, M.B., and J.C. List. 1953. The M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian Declines. The generic differentiation of the swamp Conservation Status of United States Species. treefrogs. Copeia 1953:80–83. 203

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Mizelle, J.D., D.C. Kritsky, and H.D. an exotic competitor, Rana catesbeiana. McDougal. 1969. Studies on monogenetic Journal of Herpetology 40:403–407. trematodes. 42. New species of Monroe, B.L., Jr., and R.W. Taylor. 1972. Gyrodactylus from amphibia. Journal of Occurrence of the barking treefrog, Hyla Parasitology 55:740–741. gratiosa, in Kentucky. Journal of Modzelewski, E.H., Jr., and D.D. Culley, Jr. Herpetology 6:78. 1974a. Growth responses of the bullfrog, Monroe, B.L., Jr., and R.W. Giannini. 1977. Rana catesbeiana fed various live foods. Distribution of the barking treefrog in Herpetologica 30:396–405. Kentucky. Transactions of the Kentucky Modzelewski, E.H., Jr., and D.D. Culley, Jr. Academy of Science 38:143–144. 1974b. Occurrence of the nematode Monsen, K.J., and M.S. Blouin. 2003. Genetic Eustrongylides wenrichi in laboratory reared structure in a montane ranid frog: restricted Rana catesbeiana. Copeia 1974:1000–1001. gene flow and nuclear–mitochondrial Mohr, C.E. 1939. The amphibians of Berks discordance. Molecular Ecology 12:3275– County. Proceedings of the Pennsylvania 3286. Academy of Science 13:76–78. Monsen, K.J., and M.S. Blouin. 2004. Extreme Mohr, C.E. 1948. Unique animals inhabit isolation by distance in a montane frog. subterranean Texas. National Speleological Conservation Genetics 5:827–835. Society Bulletin 10:15–21, 88. Monsen–Collar, K., L. Hazard, and R. Dussa. Mohr, J.R., and M.E. Dorcas. 1999. A 2010. Comparison of PCR and RT–PCR in comparison of anuran calling patterns at two the first report of Batrachochytrium Carolina Bays in South Carolina. Journal of dendrobatidis in amphibians in New Jersey, the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society USA. Herpetological Review 41:460–462. 115:63–70. Montanucci, R. 2006. A review of the Moler, P.E. 1981. Notes on Hyla andersonii in amphibians of the Jim Timmerman Natural Florida and Alabama. Journal of Herpetology Resources Area, Oconee and Pickens 15: 441–444. counties, South Carolina. Southeastern Moler, P.E. 1983. Winter serenade. Florida Naturalist 5 (Monograph 1):1–58. Wildlife 36(5):18–23. Moore, G.A. 1937. The spadefoot toad under Moler, P.E. 1985. A new species of frog drought conditions. Copeia 1937:225–226. (Ranidae: Rana) from northwestern Florida. Moore, H. 1965. A mid–summer trip to Copeia 1985:379–383. Moosonee. The 19:163–165. Moler, P.E. 1992. Florida Bog Frog Rana Moore, J., and B. Moore. 1939. Notes on the okaloosae Moler. Pp. 30–33 In P.E. Moler salientia of the Gaspé Peninsula. Copeia (ed.), Rare and Endangered Biota of 1939:104. Florida. Vol. 3. Amphibians and Reptiles. Moore, J.A. 1939. Temperature tolerance and University Press of Florida, Gainesville. rates of development in eggs of Amphibia. Monello, R.J., and R.G. Wright. 1999. Ecology 20:459–478. Amphibian habitat preferences among Moore, J.A. 1940. Adaptive differences in the artificial ponds in the Palouse Region of egg membranes of frogs. American Naturalist northern Idaho. Journal of Herpetology 74:89–93. 33:298–303. Moore, J.A. 1942a. Embryonic temperature Monello, R.J., J.J. Dennehy, D.L. Murray, and tolerance and rates of development in Rana A.J. Wirsing. 2006. Growth and behavioral catesbeiana. Biological Bulletin 83:375–388. responses of tadpoles of two native frogs to Moore, J.A. 1942b. An embryological and 204

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genetical study of Rana burnsi Weed. paradigm. American Zoologist 15:837–849. Genetics 27:408–416. Moore, J.E., and E.H. Strickland. 1954. Notes Moore, J.A. 1944. Geographic variation in on the food of three species of Alberta Rana pipiens Schreber of eastern North amphibians. American Midland Naturalist America. Bulletin of the American Museum 52:221–224. of Natural History 82:345–370. Moore, J.E., and E.H. Strickland. 1955. Further Moore, J.A. 1946a. Incipient intraspecific notes on the food of Alberta amphibians. isolating mechanisms in Rana pipiens. American Midland Naturalist 54:253–256. Genetics 31:304–326. Moore, M.K., and P.L. Klerks. 1998. Moore, J.A. 1946b. Hybridization between Interactive effect of high temperature and Rana palustris and different geographic low pH on sodium flux in tadpoles. Journal forms of Rana pipiens. Proceedings of the of Herpetology 33:588–592. National Academy of Sciences, USA Moore, R.D. 1929. Canis latrans lestes 32:209–212. Merriam feeding on tadpoles and frogs. Moore, J.A. 1947. Hybridization between Rana Journal of Mammalogy 10:255. pipiens from Vermont and eastern Mexico. Moore, R.G., and B.A. Moore. 1980. Proceedings of the National Academy of Observations on the body temperature and Sciences, USA 33:72–75. activity in the red spotted toad, Bufo Moore, J.A. 1949a. Patterns of evolution in the punctatus. Copeia 1980:362–363. genus Rana. Pp. 315–338 In G.L. Jepsen, E. Moore, R.H. 1976. Reproductive habits and Mayr, and G.G. Simpson (eds.), Genetics, growth of Bufo speciosus on Mustang Island, Paleontology and Evolution. Princeton Texas, with notes on the ecology and University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. reproduction of other anurans. Texas Journal Moore, J.A. 1949b. Geographic variation of of Science 27:173–178. adaptive characters in Rana pipiens Schreber. Moosman, D.L., and P.R. Moosman, Jr. 2005. Evolution 3:1–24. Bufo americanus (American Toad) and Rana Moore, J.A. 1950. Further studies on Rana catesbeiana (American Bullfrog). pipiens racial hybrids. American Naturalist Microhabitat. Herpetological Review 36:298. 84:247–254. Morafka, D.J. 1977. A biogeographical Moore, J.A. 1952. An analytical study of the analysis of the Chihuahuan Desert through its geographic distribution of Rana herpetofauna. Biogeographica, Volume 9, Dr. septentrionalis. American Naturalist 86:5–22. W. Junk B.V. Publishers, The Hague, Moore, J.A. 1955. Abnormal combinations of Netherlands. nuclear and cytoplasmic systems in frogs and Morafka, D.J., and B.H. Banta. 1972. The toads. Advances in Genetics 7:139–182. herpetozoogeography of the Gabilan Range, Moore, J.A. 1964. Diploid and haploid San Benito and Monterey counties, interracial hybrids in Rana pipiens. Pp. 431– California. Wasmann Journal of Biology 435 In Genetics Today. Proceedings of the 30:197–240. XI International Congress of Genetics. Morafka, D.J., and B.H. Banta. 1976. Pergamon Press. New York. Ecological relationships of the Recent Moore, J.A. 1966. Hybridization experiments herpetofauna of Pinnacles National involving Rana dunni, Rana megapoda, and Monument, Monterey and San Benito Rana pipiens. Copeia 1966:673–675. counties, California. Wasmann Journal of Moore, J.A. 1975. Rana pipiens: the changing Biology 34:304–324. 205

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Morey, S.R. 1990. Microhabitat selection and City. predation in the Pacific treefrog, Pseudacris Moriarty, J.J., A. Forbes and D. Jones. 1998. regilla. Journal of Herpetology 24:292–296. Geographic distribution: Acris crepitans Morey, S.R., and D.N. Janes. 1994. Variation blanchardi (Blanchard’s cricket frog). in larval habitat duration influences Herpetological Review 29:172. metamorphosis in Scaphiopus couchii. Pp. Morin, P.J. 1983. Predation, competition, and 159–165 In P.R. Brown and J.W. Wright the composition of larval anuran guilds. (eds.), Herpetology of the North American Ecological Monographs 53:119–138. Deserts. Proceedings of a Symposium. Morin, P.J. 1985. Predation intensity, prey Southwestern Herpetologists Society, Special survival and injury frequency in an Publication No. 5. amphibian predator–prey interaction. Copeia Morey, S., and D. Reznick. 2000. A 1985:638–644. comparative analysis of plasticity in larval Morin, P.J. 1986. Interactions between development in three species of spadefoot intraspecific competition and predation in an toads. Ecology 81:1736–1749. amphibian predator–prey system. Ecology Morey, S., and D. Reznick. 2004. The 67:713–720. relationship between habitat permanence and Morin, P.J. 1987. Predation, breeding larval development in California spadefoot asynchrony, and the outcome of competition toads: field and laboratory comparisons of among treefrog tadpoles. Ecology 68:675– developmental plasticity. Oikos 104:172– 683. 190. Morin, P.J., and E.A. Johnson. 1988. Morgan, D. 2010. Rana sylvatica (Wood Frog). Experimental studies of asymmetric Egg mass survey. Herpetological Review competition among anurans. Oikos 53:398– 41:206. 407. Morgan, J.A.T., V.T. Vredenburg, L.J. Morin, P.J., S.P. Lawler, and E.A. Johnson. Rachowicz, R.A. Knapp, M.J. Stice, T. 1988. Competition between aquatic insects Tunstall, R.E. Bingham, J.M. Parker, J.E. and vertebrates: interaction strength and Longcore, C. Moritz, C.J. Briggs, and J.W. higher order interactions. Ecology 69:1401– Taylor. 2007. Population genetics of the 1409. frog–killing fungus Batrachochytrium Morin, P.J., S.P. Lawler, and E.A. Johnson. dendrobatidis. Proceedings of the National 1990. Ecology and breeding phenology of Academy of Science, USA 104:13,845– larval Hyla andersonii: the disadvantages of 13,850. breeding late. Ecology 71:1590–1598. Moriarty, E.C., and D.C. Cannatella. 2004. Morizot, D.C., and N.H. Douglas. 1970. Notes Phylogenetic relationships of the North on Pseudacris streckeri streckeri in American chorus frogs (Pseudacris: northwest Louisiana. Bulletin of the Hylidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Maryland Herpetological Society 6:18. Evolution 30:409–420. Morris, M.A., and P.W. Smith. 1981. Moriarty, J.J. 1995. Leaping leopards and other Endangered and threatened amphibians and frogs, toads, and treefrogs. Minnesota reptiles. Pp.21–33 In Endangered and Volunteer 58(3):20–33. Threatened Vertebrate Animals and Vascular Moriarty, J.J. 2000. Status of amphibians in Plants of Illinois. Illinois Department of Minnesota. Pp. 166–168 In M.J. Lannoo Conservation, Springfield. (ed.), Status & Conservation of Midwestern Morris, M.R. 1989. Female choice of large Amphibians. University of Iowa Press, Iowa males in the treefrog Hyla chrysoscelis: the 206

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importance of identifying the scale of choice. on herpetofauna in bottomland hardwood Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology forests. Southeastern Naturalist 2:475–486. 25:275–281. Moseley, K.R., S.B. Castleberry, J.L. Hanula, Morris, M.R., and S.L. Yoon. 1989. A and W.M. Ford. 2003b. Diet of southern mechanism for female choice of large males toads (Bufo terrestris) in loblolly pine (Pinus in the treefrog Hyla chrysoscelis. Behavioral taeda) stands subject to coarse woody debris Ecology and Sociobiology 25:65–71. manipulations. American Midland Naturalist Morris, P.A. 1944. They Hop and Crawl. 153:327–337. Jaques Cattell Press, Lancaster, Mosher, D.D. 1982. Sun–compass orientation Pennsylvania. in the treefrogs, Hyla crucifer and Pseudacris Morris, R.L., and W.W. Tanner. 1969. The triseriata triseriata. Ph.D. dissertation, Ball ecology of the western spotted frog, Rana State University, Muncie, Indiana. pretiosa pretiosa Baird and Girard: a life Mosher, J.A., and P.F. Matray. 1974. Size history study. Great Basin Naturalist 29:45– dimorphism: a factor in energy savings for 81. broad–winged hawks. Auk 91:325–341. Morrison, E.O. 1967a. Rhabdias ranae Mosimann, J.E., and G.B. Rabb. 1952. The infections in three species of Oklahoma herpetology of Tiber Reservoir area, anura. Southwestern Naturalist 12:335–336. Montana. Copeia 1952:23–27. Morrison, E.O. 1967b. Mite and lungworm Mossman, M.J., L.M. Hartman, R. Hay, J.R. infections in Acris crepitans from southern Sauer, and B.J. Dhuey. 1998. Monitoring Oklahoma. Texas Journal of Science 19:328– long–term trends in Wisconsin frog and 329. toad populations. Pp. 169–198 In M.J. Morrison, E.O. 1969. Erratum “Mite and Lannoo (ed.), Status & Conservation of lungworm infections in Acris crepitans from Midwestern Amphibians. University of Iowa southern Oklahoma.” Texas Journal of Press, Iowa City. Science 20:303. Moulton, C.A. 1996. Assessing effects of Morrissey, C.A., and R.J. Olenick. 2004. pesticides on frog populations (Hyla American Dipper, Cinclus mexicanus, preys squirella, Gastrophryne carolinensis, upon larval tailed frogs, Ascaphus truei. Scaphiopus holbrooki, Bufo terrestris, Acris Canadian Field–Naturalist 118:446–448. gryllus, Hyla femoralis, Rana virgatipes). Morse, M. 1904. Batrachians and reptiles of Ph.D. dissertation, North Carolina State Ohio. Proceedings of the Ohio State University, Raleigh. Academy of Science 4: 93–144. Moulton, C.A., W.J. Fleming, and B.R. Morton, M.L., and K.N. Sokolski. 1978. Nerney. 1996. The use of PVC pipes to Sympatry in Bufo boreas and Bufo canorus capture hylid frogs. Herpetological Review and additional evidence of natural 27:186–187. hybridization. Bulletin of the Southern Moulton, J.M. 1954. A late August breeding of California Academy of Science 77:52–55. Hyla cinerea in Florida. Herpetologica Morton, M.L., and M.E. Pereyra. 2010. Habitat 10:107. use by Yosemite toads: life history traits and Mount, R.H. 1975. The Reptiles & Amphibians implications for conservation. Herpetological of Alabama. Agricultural Experiment Station, Conservation and Biology 5:388–394. Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. Moseley, K.R., S.B. Castleberry, and S.H. Mount, R.H. (ed.). 1986. Vertebrate Animals of Schweitzer. 2003a. Effects of prescribed fire Alabama in Need of Special Attention. 207

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Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, 289. Auburn University, Alabama. Mulcare, D.J. 1966. The problem of toxicity in Moyle, P.B. 1973. Effects of introduced Rana palustris. Proceedings of the Indiana bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana, on the native Academy of Science 75:319–324. frogs of the San Joaquin Valley, California. Mulla, M.S. 1962. Frog and toad control with Copeia 1973:18–22. insecticides! Pest Control 30:20, 64. Mueller, A.J. 1985. Vertebrate use of nontidal Mulla, M.S. 1963. Toxicity of organochlorine wetlands on Galveston Island, Texas. Texas insecticides to mosquitofish Gambusia affinis Journal of Science 37:215–225. and the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. Mueller, G.A., J. Carpenter, and D. Mosquito News 23:299–303. Thornbrugh. 2006. Bullfrog tadpole (Rana Mullally, D.P. 1952. Habits and minimum catesbeiana) and red swamp crayfish temperatures of the toad Bufo boreas (Procambarus clarkii) predation on early life halophilus. Copeia 1952:274–276. stages of endangered razorback sucker Mullally, D.P. 1953. Observations on the (Xryauchentexanus). Southwestern Naturalist ecology of the toad Bufo canorus. Copeia 51:258–261. 1953:182–183. Muenz, T.K., S.W. Golladay, G. Vellidis, and Mullally, D.P. 1956. The relationships of the L.L. Smith. 2006. Stream buffer effectiveness Yosemite and western toads. Herpetologica in an agriculturally influenced area, 12:133–135. southwestern Georgia: responses of water Mullally, D.P. 1958. Daily period of activity of quality, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians. the Western toad. Herpetologica 14:29–31. Journal of Environmental Quality 35:1924– Mullally, D.P. 1959. Notes on the natural 1938. history of Rana muscosa Camp in the San Muhse, E.F. 1909. The cutaneous glands of the Bernardino Mountains. Herpetologica 15:78– common toads. American Journal of 80. Anatomy 9:322–359. Mullally, D.P., and J.D. Cunningham. 1956a. Mulaik, S. 1937. Notes on Leptodactylus Aspects of the thermal ecology of the labialis (Cope). Copeia 1937:72–73. Yosemite toad. Herpetologica 12:57–67. Mulaik, S. 1945. New mites in the family Mullally, D.P., and J.D. Cunningham. 1956b. . Bulletin of the University of Ecological relations of Rana muscosa at high Utah 35(17): 1–23. elevations in the Sierra Nevada. Mulaik, S., and D. Sollberger. 1938. Notes on Herpetologica 12:189–198. the eggs and habits of Hypopachus cuneus Mullally, D.P., and D.H. Powell. 1958. The Cope. Copeia 1938:90. Yosemite toad: northern range extension and Mulcahy, D.G., and J.R. Mendelsohn. 2000. possible hybridization with the Western toad. Phylogeography and speciation of the Herpetologica 14:31–33. morphologically variable, widespread species Munger, J.C., M. Gerber, K. Madrid, M.–A. Bufo valliceps, based on molecular evidence Carroll, W. Petersen, and L. Heberger. 1998. from mtDNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and U.S. National Wetlands Inventory Evolution 17:173–189. classifications as predictors of the occurrence Mulcahy, D.G., M.R. Cummer, J.R. Mendelson of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) III, B.L. Williams, and P.C. Ustach. 2002. and Pacific treefrogs (Hyla regilla). Status and distribution of two species of Bufo Conservation Biology 12:320–330. in the northeastern Bonneville Basin of Idaho Munsey, L.D. 1972. Salinity tolerance of the and Utah. Herpetological Review 33:287– African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Copeia 208

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1972:584–586. gratiosa). Behavioral Ecology 13:472–480. Munz, P.A. 1920. A study of the food habits of Murphy, C.G., and S.B. Floyd. 2005. The the Ithacan species of anura during effect of call amplitude on male spacing in transformation. Pomona College Journal of choruses of barking treefrogs, Hyla Entomology and Zoology 12:33–56. gratiosa. Animal Behaviour 69: 419–426. Murlett, H. 1896. An albino frog. The Oregon Murphy, J.C. 1979. Pseudacris streckeri, a Naturalist 3(11):147. small frog with an interesting history. Murphy, C.G. 1994a. Chorus tenure of male Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological barking treefrogs, Hyla gratiosa. Animal Society 14:120–129. Behaviour 48:763–777. Murphy, J.F., E.T. Simandle, and D.E. Becker. Murphy, C.G. 1994b. Determinants of chorus 2003. Population status and conservation of tenure in barking treefrogs (Hyla gratiosa). the black toad, Bufo exsul. Southwestern Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Naturalist 48:54–60. 34:285–294. Murphy, M.A., R. Dezzani, D.S. Pilliod, and Murphy, C.G. 1996. Evaluating the design of A. Storfer. 2010a. Landscape genetics of mate–choice experiments: the effect of high mountain frog metapopulations: an amplexus on mate choice by female application of gravity models. Molecular barking treefrogs, Hyla gratiosa. Animal Ecology 19:3634–3649. Behaviour 51:881– 890. Murphy, M.A., J.S. Evans, and A. Storfer. Murphy, C.G. 1999. Nightly timing of 2010b. Quantifying ecological process at chorusing by male barking treefrogs (Hyla multiple spatial scales using landscape gratiosa): the influence of female arrival and genetics: Bufo boreas connectivity in energy. Copeia 1999:333–347. Yellowstone National Park. Ecology 91: Murphy, C.G. 2003. The cause of correlations 252–261. between nightly numbers of males and Murphy, M.B., M. Hecker, K.K. Coady, A.R. female barking treefrogs (Hyla gratiosa) Tompsett, P.D. Jones, L.H. DuPreez, G.J. attending choruses. Behavioral Ecology Everson, K.R. Solomon, J.A. Carr, E.E. 14:271–281. Smith, R.J. Kendall, G. Van Der Kraak, and Murphy, C.G. 2012. Simultaneous mate– J.P. Giesy. 2006. Atrazine concentrations, sampling by female barking treefrogs (Hyla gonadal gross morphology and histology in gratiosa). Behavioral Ecology 23:1162– ranid frogs collected in Michigan agricultural 1169. areas. Aquatic Toxicology 76:230–245. Murphy, C.G., and H.C. Gerhardt. 1996. Murphy, P.J., S. St.–Hilaire, S. Bruer, P.S. Evaluating the design of mate–choice Corn, and C.R. Peterson. 2009. Distribution experiments: the effects of amplexus on mate and pathogenicity of Batrachochytrium choice by female barking treefrogs, Hyla dendrobatidis in boreal toads from the Grand gratiosa. Animal Behaviour 51:881–890. Teton area of western Wyoming. EcoHealth Murphy, C.G., and H.C. Gerhardt. 2000. 6:109–120. Mating preference functions of individual Murphy, R.C. 1917. Note on a one–legged female barking treefrogs, Hyla frog. Copeia (50):100. gratiosa, for two properties of male Murphy, R.K. 1987. Observations of the wood advertisement calls. Evolution 54:660–669. frog in northwestern North Dakota. Prairie Murphy, C.G., and H.C. Gerhardt. 2002. Mate Naturalist 19:262. sampling by female barking treefrogs (Hyla Murphy, R.W., and R.C. Drewes. 1976. 209

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

Comments on the occurrence of Smilisca Experimental repatriation of boreal toads baudini (Dumeril and Bibron) (Amphibia: (Bufo boreas) eggs, metamorphs, and adults Hylidae) in Bexar County, Texas. Texas in Rocky Mountain National Park. Journal of Science 27:406–407. Southwestern Naturalist 46:106–113. Murphy, T.D. 1963. Amphibian populations Muths, E., P.S. Corn, A.P. Pessier, and D.E. and movements at a small semi–permanent Green. 2003. Evidence for disease–related pond in Orange County, North Carolina. amphibian decline in Colorado. Biological Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University, Durham. Conservation 110:357–365. Murphy, T.D. 1965. High incidence of two Muths, E., S. Rittmann, J. Irwin, D. Keinath, parasitic infestations and two morphological and R. Scherer. 2005. Wood Frog (Rana abnormalities in a population of the frog, sylvatica): a technical conservation Rana palustris Le Conte. American Midland assessment. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Naturalist 74:233–239. Mountain Region, Species Conservation Murray, D.L. 1990. The effects of food and Project. density on growth and metamorphosis in http//www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessme larval wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) from nts/woodfrog. pdf (accessed 20 June 2007). central Labrador. Canadian Journal of Muths, E., R.D. Scherer, P.S. Corn, and B.A. Zoology 68:1221– 1226. Lambert. 2006. Estimation of temporary Murray, I., and C.W. Painter. 2003. emigration in male toads. Ecology 87:1048– Geographic distribution: Eleutherodactylus 1056. augusti (Barking Frog). Herpetological Muths, E., A.L. Gallant, E.H.C. Grant, W.A. Review 34:161. Battaglin, D.E. Green, J.S. Staiger, S.C. Musgrave, M.E. 1930. Bufo alvarius, a Walls, M.S. Gunzburger, and R.F. Kearney. poisonous toad. Copeia 1930:96–98. 2006. The Amphibian Research and Mushet, D.M., N.H. Euliss, Jr., and C.A. Monitoring Initiative (ARMI): 5–year Stockwell. 2012. Mapping anuran habitat Report. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific suitability to estimate effects of grassland and Investigations Report 2006–5224. wetland conservation programs. Copeia Muths, E., D.S. Pilliod, and L.J. Livo. 2008. 2012:321–330. Distribution and environmental limitations of Mushinsky, H.R. 1973. Ontogenetic an amphibian pathogen in the Rocky development of habitat preference in Mountains, USA. Biological Conservation amphibians: the influence of early 141:1484–1492. experience. Ph.D. dissertation, Clemson Muzzall, P. M. 1991. Helminth University, Clemson, South Carolina. infracommunities of the frogs Rana Muths, E. 2003. Home range and movements catesbeiana and Rana clamitans from Turkey of boreal toads in undisturbed habitat. Copeia Marsh, Michigan. Journal of Parasitology 77: 2003:160–165. 366–371. Muths, E., and P.S. Corn. 1997. Basking by Muzzall, P.M., and C.R. Peebles. 1991. adult boreal toads (Bufo boreas boreas) Helminths of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica, during the breeding season. Journal of and spring peeper, Pseudacris c. crucifer, Herpetology 31:426–428. from southern Michigan. Journal of the Muths, E., and R.D. Scherer. 2011. Portrait of a Helminthological Society of Washington small population of boreal toads (Anaxyrus 58:263–265. boreas). Herpetologica 67:369–377. Muzzall, P.M., and E. Sonntag. 2012. Muths, E., T.L. Johnson, and P.S. Corn. 2001. Helminths and symbiotic protozoa of 210

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Blanchard's Cricket Frog, Acris blanchardi 1950:204–214. Harper, 1947 (Hylidae), from Michigan and Myers, G.S. 1951. The most widely heard Ohio, U.S.A. Comparative Parasitology amphibian voice. Copeia 1951:179. 79:340–343. Myers, J.M., J.P. Ramsey, A.L. Blackman, Myers, C.W. 1958a. Subspecific identity of A.E. Nichols, K.P. Minbiole, and R.N. Rana sylvatica in Missouri. Copeia 1958:46. Harris. 2012. Synergistic inhibition of the Myers, C.W. 1958b. Amphibia in Missouri lethal fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium caves. Herpetologica 14:35–36. dendrobatidis: the combined effect of Myers, C.W., and W.D. Klimstra. 1963. symbiotic bacterial metabolites and Amphibians and reptiles of an ecologically antimicrobial peptides of the frog Rana disturbed (strip–mined) area in southern muscosa. Journal of Chemical Ecology Illinois. American Midland Naturalist 38:958–965. 70:126–132. Myers, T.K., C.H., L. Eigner, J.A. Harris, R. Myers, G.S. 1927. The differential characters Hilman, M.D. Johnson, R. Kalinowski, J.J. of Bufo americanus and Bufo fowleri. Copeia Muri, M. Reyes, and L.E. Tucci. 2007. A (163):50–53. comparison of ground–based and tree–based Myers, G.S. 1930a. Notes on some amphibians polyvinyl chloride pipe refugia for capturing in western North America. Proceedings of the Pseudacris regilla in northwestern Biological Society of Washington 43:55–64. California. Northwestern Naturalist 88:147– Myers, G.S. 1930b. The status of the Southern 154. California toad, Bufo californicus (Camp). Nace, G.W. 1974. Albino toad found in Proceedings of the Biological Society of Michigan–continued. Herpetological Review Washington 43:73–78. 5:70. Myers, G. S. 1931a. Ascaphus truei in Humbolt Najarian, H.H. 1955. Trematode parasites in County, California, with a note on the habits the Salientia in the vicinity of Ann Arbor, of the tadpole. Copeia 1931:56–57. Michigan. American Midland Naturalist Myers, G. S. 1931b. The original descriptions 53:195–197. of Bufo fowleri and Bufo americanus. Copeia Nash, C.W. 1905. Check list of the vertebrates 1931: 94–96. of Ontario and catalogue of specimens in the Myers, G.S. 1942. The black toad of Deep Biological Section of the Provincial Museum. Springs Valley, Inyo County, California. Department of Education, Toronto. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Nash, C.W. 1908. Vertebrates of Ontario. L.K. Zoology, University of Michigan 460:1–13. Cameron, Toronto. Myers, G. S. 1943. Notes on Rhyacotriton Nash, R.F., G.G. Gallup, Jr., and M.K. olympicus and Ascaphus truei in Humboldt McClure. 1970. The immobility reaction in County, California. Copeia 1943:125–126. leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) as a function of Myers, G. S. 1944. California records of the noise–induced fear. Psychonomic Science western spade–foot toad. Copeia 1944:58. 21:155–156. Myers, G. S. 1945. Possible introduction of Naugle, D.E., T.D. Fischer, K.F. Higgins, and Argentine toads into Florida. Copeia D.C. Backlund. 2005. Distribution of South 1945:44. Dakota anurans. Pp. 283–291 In M.J. Lannoo Myers, G. S. 1950. The systematic status of (ed.), Amphibian Declines. The Conservation Hyla septentrionalis, the large tree frog of the Status of United States Species. University of Florida Keys, the Bahamas and Cuba. Copeia California Press, Berkeley. 211

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Nauman, R.S., and Y. Dettlaf. 1999. Rana Neill, W.T. 1948a. Spiders preying on reptiles cascadae (Cascades Frog). Predation. and amphibians. Herpetologica 4:158. Herpetological Review 30:93. Neill, W.T. 1948b. Hibernation of amphibians Navarro–Martín, L., C. Lanctôt, C. Edge, J. and reptiles in Richmond County, Georgia. Houlahan, and V.L. Trudeau. 2012. Herpetologica 4:107–114. Expression profiles of metamorphosis– Neill, W.T. 1948c. A new subspecies of tree– related genes during natural transformations frog from Georgia and South Carolina. in tadpoles of wild wood frogs (Lithobates Herpetologica 4:175–179. sylvaticus). Canadian Journal of Zoology Neill, W.T. 1949a. Hybrid toads from Georgia. 90:1059–1071. Herpetologica 5:30–32. Nebeker, A.V., and G.S. Schuytema. 2000. Neill, W.T. 1949b. The status of Baird’s Effects of ammonium sulfate on growth of chorus–frog. Copeia 1949:227–228. larval Northwestern salamanders, red–legged Neill, W.T. 1949c. The status of Hyla and Pacific treefrog tadpoles, and juvenile flavigula. Copeia 1949:78. fathead minnows. Bulletin of Environmental Neill, W.T. 1950a. Reptiles and amphibians in Contamination and Toxicology 64:271–278. urban areas of Georgia. Herpetologica 6:113– Nebeker, A.V., G.S. Schuytema, W.L. Griffis, 116. and A. Cataldo. 1998. Impact of Guthion on Neill, W.T. 1950b. Taxonomy, nomenclature, survival and growth of the frog Pseudacris and distribution of Southeastern cricket frogs, regilla and the salamanders Ambystoma genus Acris. American Midland Naturalist gracile and Ambystoma maculatum. Archives 43:152–156. of Environmental Contamination and Neill, W.T. 1951. A bromeliad herpetofauna in Toxicology 35:48–51. Florida. Ecology 32:140–143. Neck, R. W. 1983. Origin of Rana catesbeiana Neill, W.T. 1952a. New records of Rana populations in the Rio Grande delta of Texas. virgatipes and Rana grylio in Georgia and Herpetological Review 14:55. South Carolina. Copeia 1952:194–195. Necker, W.L. 1939. Records of amphibians and Neill, W.T. 1952b. Burrowing habits of Hyla reptiles of the Chicago region, 1935–1938. gratiosa. Copeia 1952:196. Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of Sciences Neill, W.T. 1954. Ranges and taxonomic 6:1–10. allocations of amphibians and reptiles in the Needham, J.G. 1905. The summer food of the Southeastern United States. Publications of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) at Saranac the Research Division, Ross Allen’s Reptile Inn. New York State Museum, Bulletin Institute 1:75–96. 86:9–15. Neill, W.T. 1957a. Notes on metamorphic and Needham, J.G. 1924. Observations on the life breeding aggregations of the eastern of the ponds at the head of Laguna Canyon. spadefoot, Scaphiopus holbrooki (Harlan). Pomona College Journal of Entomology and Herpetologica 13:185–188. Zoology 16:1–12. Neill, W.T. 1957b. The status of Rana capito Neill, W.E., and J.C. Grubb. 1971. Arboreal stertens Schwartz and Harrison. habits of Bufo valliceps in central Texas. Herpetologica 13:47–52. Copeia 1971:347–348. Neill, W.T. 1957c. Homing by a squirrel Neill, W.T. 1947a. Doubtful type localities in treefrog, Hyla squirella Latreille. South Carolina. Herpetologica 4:75–76. Herpetologica 13:217–218. Neill, W.T. 1947b. A collection of amphibians Neill, W.T. 1958a. The occurrence of from Georgia. Copeia 1947:271. amphibians and reptiles in saltwater areas, 212

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and a bibliography. Bulletin of Marine Nelson, D.H. 1974a. Ecology of anuran Science of the Gulf and Caribbean 8:1–97. populations inhabiting thermally stressed Neill, W.T. 1958b. The varied calls of the aquatic ecosystems, with an emphasis on barking treefrog, Hyla gratiosa LeConte. larval Rana pipiens and Bufo terrestris. Ph.D. Copeia1958:44–46. dissertation, Michigan State University, East Neill, W.T. 1961. River frog swallows eastern Lansing. diamondback rattlesnake. Bulletin of the Nelson, D.H. 1974b. Growth and Philadelphia Herpetological Society 9:19. developmental responses of larval toad Neill, W.T. 1964. Frogs introduced on islands. populations to heated effluent in a South Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Carolina reservoir. Pp. 264–276 In J.W. Sciences 27:127–130. Gibbons and R.R. Sharitz (eds.), Thermal Neils, A., and C. Bugbee. 2007. Rana Ecology. Atomic Energy Commission catesbeiana (American Bullfrog). Diet. Symposium Series, CONF– 730505. Herpetological Review 38:443. Nelson, G.L., and B.M. Graves. 2004. Anuran Niemiller, M.L. 2005. The herpetofauna of the population monitoring: comparison of the upper Duck River watershed in Coffee North American Amphibian Monitoring County, Tennessee. Journal of the Tennessee Program’s calling index with mark–recapture Academy of Science 80:6–12. estimates for Rana clamitans. Journal of Niemiller, M.L., and B.T. Miller. 2005. Rana Herpetology 38:355–359. clamitans melanota (Northern Green Frog). Nelson, R.T., B.J. Cochrane, P.R. Delis, and Predation. Herpetological Review 36:440. D.L. Testrake. 2002. Basidioboliasis in Nelson, C.E. 1971. Breakdown of ethological anurans in Florida. Journal of Wildlife isolation between Rana pipiens and Rana Diseases 38:463–467. sylvatica. Copeia 1971:344. Nero, R.W. 1967. A possible record of death– Nelson, C.E. 1972. Systematic studies of the feigning in a toad. Blue Jay 25:193–194. North American microhylid genus Nero, R.W. 1980. The Great Grey Owl, Gastrophryne. Journal of Herpetology Phantom of the Northern Forest. Smithsonian 6:111–137. Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Nelson, C.E. 1973. Mating calls of the Nero, R.W., and F.R. Cook. 1964. A range : descriptions and phylogenetic extension for the wood frog in northeastern and ecological considerations. Saskatchewan. Canadian Field–Naturalist Herpetologica 29:163–176. 78:268–269. Nelson, C.E. 1974. Further studies on the **Netting, M.G. 1929. Further distinctions systematics of Hypopachus (Anura: between Bufo americanus Holbrook and Bufo Microhylidae). Herpetologica 30:250–274. fowleri Garman. Papers of the Academy of Nelson, C.E. 1980. What determines the Science, Arts and Letters 11:437–443. species composition of larval amphibian Netting, M.G. 1933. The amphibians of pond communities in south central Indiana, Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the U.S.A.? Proceedings of the Indiana Academy Pennsylvania Academy of Science 7:1–11. of Science 89:149. Netting, M.G., and L.W. Wilson. 1940. Notes Nelson, C.E., and H.S. Cuellar. 1968. on amphibians from Rockingham County, Anatomical comparison of tadpoles of the Virginia. Annals of the Carnegie Museum genera Hypopachus and Gastrophryne 28:1–8. (Microhylidae). Copeia 1968:423–424. Netting, M.G., and C.J. Goin. 1942. Additional 213

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notes on Rana sevosa. Copeia 1942:259. Newman, R.A. 1989. Developmental plasticity Netting, M.G., and C.J. Goin. 1945. The of Scaphiopus couchii tadpoles in an occurrence of Fowler’s toad, Bufo unpredictable environment. Ecology woodhousii fowleri Hinckley, in Florida. 70:1775–1787. Proceedings of the Florida Academy of Newman, R.A. 1992. Adaptive plasticity in Sciences 7:181–184. amphibian metamorphosis. Bioscience Netting, M.G., and C.J. Goin. 1946. Acris in 42:671–678. Mexico and Trans–Pecos Texas. Copeia Newman, R.A. 1994a. Genetic variation for 1947:253. phenotypic plasticity in the larval life history Neufeldt, J.H. 2004. Terrestrial movements and of spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus couchii). habitat use of gopher frogs (Rana capito) at Evolution 48:1773–1785. Fort Benning, Georgia. M.S. thesis, Newman, R.A. 1994b. Effects of changing Columbus State University, Columbus, density and food level on metamorphosis of a Georgia. desert amphibian, Scaphiopus couchii. Nevo, E. 1973a. Adaptive color polymorphism Ecology 75:1085–1096. in cricket frogs. Evolution 27:353–367. Newman, R.A. 1998. Ecological constraints on Nevo, E. 1973b. Adaptive variation in size of amphibian metamorphosis: interactions of cricket frogs. Ecology 54:1271–1281. temperature and larval density with responses Nevo, E., and R.R. Capranica. 1985. to changing food level. Oecologia 115:9–16. Evolutionary origin of ethological Newman, R.A. 1999. Body size and diet of reproductive isolation in cricket frogs, Acris. recently metamorphosed spadefoot toads Pp. 147–214 In M.K. Hecht, B. Wallace, and (Scaphiopus couchii). Herpetologica 55:507– G.T. Prance (ed.), Evolutionary Biology, Vol. 515. 19. Plenum Press, New York. Newman, R.A., and A.E. Dunham. 1994. Size Newman, C.E., and L.J. Rissler. 2011. at metamorphosis and water loss in a desert Phylogeographic analyses of the southern anuran (Scaphiopus couchii). Copeia leopard frog: the impact of geography and 1994:372–381. climate on the distribution of genetic lineages Newman, R.A., and T. Squire. 2001. vs. subspecies. Molecular Ecology 20:5295– Microsatellite variation and fine–scale 5312. population structure in the wood frog (Rana Newman, C.E., J.A. Feinberg, L.J. Rissler, J. sylvatica). Molecular Ecology 10:1087–1100. Burger, and H.B. Shaffer. 2012. A new Nichols, A. 1852. Occurrence of Scaphiopus species of leopard frog (Anura: Ranidae) solitarius in Essex County: with some notices from the urban northeastern US. Molecular of its history, habits, &c. Journal of the Essex Phylogenetics and Evolution 63:445–455. County Natural History Society 1:113–117. Newman, R.A. 1987. Effects of density and Nichols, R.J. 1937. Taxonomic studies on the predation on Scaphiopus couchi tadpoles in mouth parts of larval anura. University of desert ponds. Oecologia 71:301–307. Illinois Bulletin, Illinois Biological Newman, R.A. 1988a. Adaptive plasticity in Monographs 15:1–73. development of Scaphiopus couchii tadpoles Nicholson, D.J. 1961. Bullfrog captures in desert ponds. Evolution 42:774–783. warblers in Florida. Florida Naturalist Newman, R.A. 1988b. Genetic variation for 34(1):44. larval anuran (Scaphiopus couchii) Nicholson, F.E. 1932. Nature discloses more development time in an uncertain queer life. The Philadephia Ledger, 30 environment. Evolution 42:763–773. October. [republished in Literary Digest, 10 214

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December 1932, pp. 31–32 and in the Sullivan. 2006. Allozyme and mitochondrial National Speleological Society Bulletin DNA variation in the tailed frog (Anura: 10 (1948):22–26] Ascaphus): the influence of geography and Nicholson, M.C. 1980. The effects of density gene flow. Herpetologica 62:235–258. and predation on the growth rate, larval Niemiller, M.L. and R.G. Reynolds. 2011. The period and survivorship of Rana utricularia Amphibians of Tennessee. University of and Bufo terrestris tadpoles. M.A. thesis, Tennessee Press, Knoxville. University of South Florida, Tampa. Nieto, N.C., M.A. Camann, J.E. Foley, and Nickerson, M.A., and C.E. Mays. 1968. Bufo J.O. Reiss. 2007. Disease associated with retiformis Sanders and Smith from the Santa integumentary and cloacal parasites in Rosa Valley, Pinal County, Arizona. Journal tadpoles of northern red–legged frog Rana of Herpetology 1:103. aurora aurora. Diseases of Aquatic Nickerson, M.A., and J.A. Hutchison. 1971. Organisms 78:61–71. The distribution of the fungus Basidiobolus Nityananda, V., and M.A. Bee M. 2011. ranarum Eidam in fish, amphibians and Finding your mate at a cocktail party: reptiles. American Midland Naturalist frequency separation promotes auditory 86:500–502. stream segregation of concurrent voices in Nickerson, M.A., and S.F. Celino. 2003. Rana multi–species frog choruses. PLoS One capito (Gopher Frog). Drought shelter. 6:e21191. 34:137–138. Nityananda, V., and M.A. Bee. 2012. Spatial Nickum, J.G. 1961. Intra–specific variation in release from masking in a free–field source the chorus frog Pseudacris nigrita Le Conte. identification task by gray treefrogs. Hearing M.A. thesis, State University of South Research 285:86–97. Dakota, Vermillion. Noble, G. K. 1923. The generic and genetic Nie, M., J.D. Crim, and G.R. Ultsch. 1999. relations of Pseudacris, the swamp tree frogs. Dissolved oxygen, temperature, and habitat American Museum Novitates (70):1–6. selection by bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) Noble, G.K., and R.C. Noble. 1923. The tadpoles. Copeia 1999:155–162. Anderson tree frog (Hyla andersonii Baird): Nielsen, H.I., and J. Dyck. 1978. Adaptation of observations on its habits and life history. the tree frog, Hyla cinerea, to colored Zoologica 11:413–455. backgrounds, and the role of the three Noble, G.K., and E.J. Farris. 1929. The method chromatophore types. Journal of of sex recognition in the wood frog, Rana Experimental Zoology 205:79–94. sylvatica Le Conte. American Museum Nielsen, H. I. 1978. The effect of stress and Novitates 363:1–17. adrenaline on the color of Hyla cinerea and Noble, G.K., and P.G. Putnam. 1931. Hyla arborea. General and Comparative Observations on the life history of Ascaphus Endocrinology 36: 543–552. truei Stejneger. Copeia 1931:97–101. Nielson, M., K. Lohman, and J. Sullivan. 2001. Noble, G.K., and W.G. Hassler. 1936. Three Phylogeography of the tailed frog (Ascaphus salientians of geographic interest from truei): implications for the biogeography of southern Maryland. Copeia 1936:63–64. the Pacific Northwest. Evolution 55:147– Noble, G.K., and L.R. Aronson. 1942. The 160. sexual behavior of Anura. 1. The normal Nielson, M., K. Lohman, C.H. Daugherty, mating pattern of Rana pipiens. Bulletin of F.W. Allendorf, K.I. Knudsen, and J. the American Museum of Natural History 215

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80:127–142. sylvatica attributable to the bacterium Noland, R., and G.R. Ultsch. 1981. The roles Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of of temperature and dissolved oxygen in Herpetology 20:196–201. microhabitat selection by the tadpoles of a Oberfoell, C.E.C., and J.L. Christiansen. 2001. frog (Rana pipiens) and a toad (Bufo Identification and distribution of the treefrogs terrestris). Copeia 1981:645–652. Hyla versicolor and Hyla chrysoscelis in Noles, P. 2010. Reconciling western toad Iowa. Journal of the Iowa Academy of phylogeography with Great Basin prehistory. Science 108:79–83. M.S. thesis, University of Nevada, Reno. O’Bryan, C.J., M.J. Gray and C.S. Brooks. Northen, P.T. 1970. The geographic and 2012. Further presence of ranavirus infection taxonomic relationships of the Great Basin in amphibian populations of Tennessee, spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus intermontanus, to USA. Herpetological Review 43:293–295. other members of the subgenus Spea. Ph.D. O’Connor, M.P., and C.R. Tracy. 1992. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Thermoregulation by juvenile toads of Bufo Madison. woodhousei in the field and in the laboratory. Norton, V.M., and M.J. Harvey. 1975. Copeia 1992:865–876. Herpetofauna of Hardeman County, Odlaug, T.O. 1954. Parasites of some Ohio Tennessee. Journal of the Tennessee batrachians. Ohio Journal of Science 54:126– Academy of Science 50:131–136. 128. Nunziata, S.O. 2011. Population and O’Donnell, S.P. 2012. Genetic diversity and conservation genetics of crawfish frogs, genetic structuring at multiple spatial scales Lithobates areolatus, at their northeastern across the range of the Northern Leopard range limits. M.S. thesis, Eastern Kentucky Frog, Rana pipiens. Ph.D. dissertation, Utah University, Richmond. State University, Logan. Nunziata, S.O., S.C. Richter, R.D. Denton, Odum, R.A., and P.S. Corn. 2005. Bufo baxteri J.M. Yeiser, D.E. Wells, K.L. Jones, Porter, 1988. Wyoming Toad. Pp. 390–392 C.Hagen, and S.L. Lance. 2012. Fourteen In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian Declines. novel microsatellite markers for the gopher The Conservation Status of United States frog, Lithobates capito (Amphibia: Ranidae). Species. University of California Press, Conservation Genetics Resources 4:201–203. Berkeley. Nussbaum, R.A., E.D. Brodie, Jr., and R.M. O’Hara, R.K. 1981. Habitat selection behavior Storm. 1983. Amphibians & Reptiles of the in three species of anuran larvae: Pacific Northwest. University Press of Idaho, environmental cues, ontogeny and adaptive Moscow. significance. Ph.D. dissertation, Oregon State NVDW (Nevada Division of Wildlife). 2003. University, Corvallis. Conservation agreement and conservation O’Hara, R.K., and A.R. Blaustein. 1981. An strategy. Columbia spotted frog (Rana investigation of sibling recognition in Rana luteiventris). Toiyabe Great Basin cascadae tadpoles. Animal Behaviour subpopulation Nevada. Nevada Division of 29:1121–1126. Wildlife, Carson City. O’Hara, R.K., and A.R. Blaustein. 1982. Kin Nyberg, D., and I. Lerner. 2000. Revitalization preference behavior in Bufo boreas tadpoles. of ephemeral pools as frog breeding habitat Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 11:43– in an Illinois forest preserve. Journal of the 49. Iowa Academy of Science 107:187–190. O’Hara, R.K., and A.R. Blaustein. 1985. Rana Nyman, S. 1986. Mass mortality in larval Rana cascadae tadpoles aggregate with siblings: an 216

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experimental field study. Oecologia 67:44– complex. Texas Journal of Science 27:323– 51. 325. O’Hara, R.K., and A.R. Blaustein. 1988. Hyla Oldham, R.S., and H.C. Gerhardt. 1975. regilla and Rana pretiosa tadpoles fail to Behavioral isolating mechanisms of the display kin recognition behaviour. treefrogs Hyla cinerea and H. gratiosa. Animal Behaviour 36:946–948. Copeia 1975:223–231. Okafor, J.I., D. Testrake, H.R. Mushinsky, and Oliver, J.A., and J.R. Bailey. 1939. B.G. Yangco. 1984. A Basidiobolus sp. and Amphibians and reptiles of , its association with reptiles and exclusive of marine forms. New Hampshire amphibians in southern Florida. Sabouraudia, Fish and Game Commission, Biological Journal of Medical and Veterinary Survey of Connecticut Watershed Report Mycology 22:47–51. 4:195–217. Okonkwo, G.E. 2011. The use of small Oliver, J.A., and C.E. Shaw. 1953. The ephemeral wetlands and streams by amphibians and reptiles of the Hawaiian amphibians in the mixedwood forest of Islands. Zoologica 38:65–95. boreal Alberta. M.S. thesis, University of Oliver, J.H., Jr., M.P. Hayes, J.E. Keirans, and Alberta, Edmonton. D.R. Lavender. 1993. Establishment of the Oláh–Hemmings, V., J.R. Jaeger, M.J. Sredl, foreign parthenogenetic tick Amblyomma M.A. Schlaepfer, R.D. Jennings, C.A. Drost, rotundatum (: Ixodidae) in Florida. D.F. Bradford, and B.R. Riddle. 2009. Journal of Parasitology 79:786–790. Phylogeography of declining relict and Olsen, O.W. 1937a. Description and life lowland leopard frogs in the desert Southwest history of the trematode Haplometrana of North America. Journal of Zoology utahensis sp. nov. (Plagiorchiidae) from 280:343–354. Rana pretiosa. Journal of Parasitology Oldfield, B., and J.J. Moriarty. 1994. 23:13–28. Amphibians & Reptiles Native to Minnesota. Olsen, O.W. 1937b. A new species of bladder University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. fluke, Gorgoderina tanneri (Gorgoderidae: Oldham, M.J. 1992. Declines in Blanchard’s Trematoda) from Rana pretiosa. Journal of cricket frog in Ontario. Canadian Wildlife Parasitology 23:499–503. Service Occasional Paper No. 76:30–31. Olsen, O.W. 1938. Aplectana gigantica Oldham, R.S. 1966. Spring movements in the (), a new species of nematode American toad, Bufo americanus. Canadian from Rana pretiosa. Transactions of the Journal of Zoology 44:63–100. American Microscopical Society 57:200– Oldham, R.S. 1967. Orienting mechanisms of 203. the green frog, Rana clamitans. Ecology Olsen, O.W. 1962. Animal Parasites: Their 48:477–491. Biology and Life Cycles. Burgess, Oldham, R.S. 1974. Mate attraction by Minneapolis, Minnesota. vocalization in members of the Rana pipiens Olson, C. A. 2011. Diet, density, and complex. Copeia 1974:982–984. distribution of the introduced greenhouse Oldham, R.S. 1975. Ovulation induced by frog, Eleutherodactylus planirostris, on the vocalization in members of the Rana pipiens island of Hawaii. M.S. thesis. Utah State complex. Journal of Herpetology 9:248–249. University, Logan. Oldham, R.S. 1976. Chorus maintenance in Olson, C.A., and K.H. Beard. 2012. Diet of the breeding populations of the Rana pipiens introduced greenhouse frog in Hawaii. 217

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Copeia 2012:121–129. and D.W. Morck. 1992. Flavobacterium Olson, C.A., K.H. Beard, D.N. Koons and indologenes infection in leopard frogs. W.C. Pitt. 2012a. Detection probabilities of Journal of the American Veterinary Medical two introduced frogs in Hawaii:implications Association 201:1766–1770. for assessing non–native species Olson, R.E. 1959. Notes on some Texas distributions. Biological Invasions 14:889– herptiles. Herpetologica 15:48. 900. O’Neill, C.E. 2001. Determination of a Olson, C.A., K.H. Beard, and W.C. Pitt. 2012b. terrestrial buffer zone for conservation of the Biology and impacts of Pacific island cricket frog, Acris crepitans. M.S. thesis, invasive species. 8. Eleutherodactylus Illinois State University, Normal. planirostris, the greenhouse frog (Anura: O’Neill, E.D. 1995. Amphibian and reptile Eleutherodactylidae).Pacific Science 66:255– communities of temporary ponds in a 270. managed pine flatwoods. M.S. thesis, Olson, D.H. 1988. The ecological and University of Florida, Gainesville. behavioral dynamics of breeding in three O’Neill, E.M., and K.H. Beard. 2011. Clinal sympatric anuran amphibians. Ph.D. variation in calls of native and introduced dissertation, Oregon State University, populations of Eleutherodactylus coqui. Corvallis. Copeia 2011:18–28. Olson, D.H. 1989. Predation on breeding Oplinger, C.S. 1963. The life history of the western toads (Bufo boreas). Copeia northern spring peeper, Hyla crucifer crucifer 1989:391–397. Wied at Ithaca, New York. Ph.D. Olson, D.H. 1992. Ecological susceptibility of dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, New amphibians to population declines. Pp. 55–62 York. In R.R. Harris, H.M. Kerner, and D.C. Erman Oplinger, C.S. 1966. Sex ratio, reproductive (eds.), Proceedings of the Symposium on cycles, and time of ovulation in Hyla crucifer Biodiversity of Northwestern California. crucifer Wied. Herpetologica 22:276–283. University of California, Berkeley. Oplinger, C.S. 1967. Food habits and feeding Olson, D.H. 2001. Ecology and management of activity of recently transformed and adult montane amphibians of the U.S. Pacific Hyla crucifer crucifer Wied. Herpetologica Northwest. Biota 2:51–74. 23:209–217. Olson, D.H., A.R. Blaustein, and R.K. O’Hara. Orchard, S.A. 1999. The American Bullfrog in 1986. Mating pattern variability among British Columbia: the frog who came to western toad (Bufo boreas) populations. dinner. Pp. 289–296 In R. Claudi and J.H. Oecologia 70:351–356. Leach (eds.), Nonindigenous Freshwater Olson, D. H., P. D. Anderson, C. A. Frissell, Organisms. Vectors, Biology, and Impacts. H.H. Welsh, and D.F. Bradford. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida. 2007.Biodiversity management approaches Orchard, S.A. 2011. Removal of the American for stream–riparian areas: perspectives for bullfrog Rana (Lithobates) catesbeiana from Pacific Northwest headwater forests, a pond and a lake on Vanvouver Island, microclimates, and amphibians. Forest British Columbia, Canada. Pp. 217–221 In Ecology and Management 246: 81–107. C.R. Veitch, M.N. Clout and D.R. Towns Olson, E.R. 2010. Rana pipiens (Northern (eds.), Island Invasives: Eradication and Leopard Frog). Winter activity. Management. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Herpetological Review 41:206. Orlofske, S.A., and W.A. Hopkins. 2009. Olson, M.E., S. Gard, M. Brown, R. Hampton, Energetics of metamorphic climax in the 218

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pickerel frog (Rana palustris). Comparative Orton, G.L. 1952. Key to the genera of Biochemistry and Physiology 154:191–196. tadpoles in the United States and Canada. Orlofske, S.A., L.K. Belden, and W.A. American Midland Naturalist 47:382–395. Hopkins, W.A. 2009. Moderate Echinostoma Orton, G.L. 1954. Dimorphism in larval trivolvis infection has no effects on mouth–parts in spadefoot toads of the physiology and fitness–related traits of larval Scaphiopus hammondii group. Copeia pickerel frogs (Rana palustris). Journal of 1954:97–100. Parasitology 95:787–792. Osbourne, M.S. 2012. Initial juvenile Orlofske, S.A., R.C. Jadin, D.L. Preston, and movement of pond–breeding amphibians in P.T.J. Johnson. 2012. Parasite transmission in altered forest habitat. Ph.D. diss, University complex communities: predators and of Missouri, Columbia. alternative hosts alter pathogenic infections Oseen, K.L., and R.J. Wassersug. 2002. in amphibians. Ecology 93:1247–1253. Environmental factors influencing calling in Orr, L.P., J. Neumann, E. Vogt, and A. Collier. sympatric anurans. Oecologia 133:616– 1998. Status of northern leopard frogs in 625. northeastern Ohio. Pp. 91–93 In M.J. Lannoo Oseen, K.L., L.K.D. Newhook, and R.J. (ed.), Status & Conservation of Midwestern Wassersug. 2001. Turning bias in woodfrog Amphibians. University of Iowa Press, Iowa (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles. Herpetologica City. 57:432–437. Ortenburger, A.I. 1924. Life history notes— Osgood, W.H. 1901. Natural history of the Scaphiopus—the spadefoot toad. Proceedings Cook Inlet region, Alaska. North American of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 4:19– Fauna 21:51–81. 20. Ostergaard, E.C., K.O. Richter, and S.D. West. Orton, G.L. 1939. Key to New Hampshire 2008. Amphibian use of stormwater ponds in amphibian larvae. Pp.218–221 In Biological the Puget lowlands of Washington, USA. Survey of the Connecticut Watershed. New Pp. 259–270 In J.C. Mitchell, R.E. Jung Hampshire Fish and Game Department, Brown, and B. Bartholomew (eds.),.Urban Survey Report No. 4. Herpetology. Herpetological Conservation 3. Orton, G.L. 1943. The tadpole of Rhinophrynus Society for the Study of Amphibians and dorsalis. Occasional Papers of the Museum Reptiles, Salt Lake City, Utah. of Zoology, University of Michigan Otani, A., N. Palumbo, and G. Read. 1969. 472:1–7 + 1 plate. Pharmacodynamics and treatment of Orton, G.L. 1946. Larval development of the mammals poisoned by Bufo marinus toxin. eastern narrow–mouthed frog, Microhyla American Journal of Veterinary Research carolinensis (Holbrook), in Louisiana. 30:1865–1872. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 30:241–248. Otto, C.V., J.W. Snodgrass, D.C. Forester, J.C. Orton, G.L. 1947. Notes on some hylid Mitchell, and R.W. Miller. 2007a. Climatic tadpoles in Louisiana. Annals of the Carnegie variation and the distribution of an amphibian Museum 30:363–380 + 1 plate. polyploid complex. Journal of Animal Orton, G.L. 1951a. An example of interspecific Ecology 76:1053–1061. mating in toads. Copeia 1951:78. Otto, C.V., D.C. Forester, and J.W. Snodgrass. Orton, G.L. 1951b. Notes on some tadpoles 2007b. Influences of wetland and landscape from southwestern Missouri. Copeia characteristis on the distribution of carpenter 1951:71–72. frogs. Wetlands 27:261–269. 219

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Ouellet, M., J. Bonin, J. Rodrigue, J.–L. Owen, P.C., and S.A. Perrill. 1998. Habituation DesGranges, and S. Lair. 1997. Hindlimb in the green frog, Rana clamitans. Behavioral deformities (ectromelia, ectrodactyly) in Ecology and Sociobiology 44:209–213. free–living anurans from agricultural Owen, P.C., and S.A. Perrill. 2000. Habituation habitats. Journal of Wildlife Diseases and neighbor–stranger discrimination in 33:95–104. green frogs: a reply to Bee and Schachtman. Ouellet, M., I. Mikaelian, B.D. Pauli, J. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Rodrigue, and D.M. Green. 2005a. Historical 48:169–171. evidence of widespread chytrid infection in Owen, P.C., and N.M. Gordon. 2005. The North American amphibian populations. effect of perceived intruder proximity and Conservation Biology 19:1431–1440. resident body size on the aggressive Ouellet, M., P. Galois, R. Pétel, and C. Fortin. responses of male green frogs, Rana 2005b. Les amphibians et les reptiles des clamitans (Anura: Ranidae). Behavioral collines montérégiennes: enjeux et Ecology and Sociobiology 58:446–455. conservation. Le naturaliste canadien Owen, P.C., and J.K. Tucker. 2006. Courtship 129:42–49. calls and behavior in two species of chorus Ouellet, M., C. Fortin, and M.–J. Grimard. frogs, genus Pseudacris (Anura: Hylidae). 2009. Distribution and habitat use of the Copeia 2006:137–144. boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata) at Owen, R.D. 1996. Breeding phenology and its extreme northeastern range limit. microhabitat use among three chorus frog Herpetological Conservation and Biology species (Pseudacris) in east–central Florida. 4:277–284. M.S. thesis, University of Central Florida, Ovaska, K., T.M. Davis, and I.N. Flamarique. Orlando. 1997. Hatching success and larval survival of Owen, R.D., and S.A. Johnson. 2005. the frogs Hyla regilla and Rana aurora under Pseudacris ocularis (Little Grass Frog). ambient and artificially enhanced solar Predation. Herpetological Review 28:200. ultraviolet radiation. Canadian Journal of Pace, A.E. 1974. Systematics and biological Zoology 75:1081–1088. studies of the leopard frogs (Rana pipiens Overton, F. 1914a. Long Island flora and complex) of the United States. fauna. 3. The frogs and toads. The Museum Miscellaneous Publications, University of of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences Michigan Museum of Zoology 148:1–140. Science Bulletin 2(3):21–40. Pack, H.J. 1920. Eggs of the swamp tree frog. Overton, F. 1914b. Pickering’s Hyla active in Copeia (77):7. January. Copeia (4):1. Pack, H.J. 1922. Toads in regulating insect Overton, F. 1914c. The frogs and toads of outbreaks. Copeia (107):46–47. Long Island. Brooklyn Museum Quarterly Packard, A.S. 1866. List of vertebrates 1:30–38. observed at Okak, Labrador, by Rev. Samuel Overton, F. 1915. Annual occurrence of spade– Weiz, with annotations. Proceedings of the foot toads. Copeia (20):1. Boston Society of Natural History 10:264– Owen, P.C. 2003. The structure, function, and 277. evolution of aggressive signals in anuran Packard, G.C., J.K. Tucker, and L.D. amphibians. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Lohmiller. 1998. Distribution of Strecker’s Connecticut, Storrs. chorus frogs (Pseudacris streckeri) in relation to their tolerance for freezing. Journal of Herpetology 32:437–440. 220

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Padgett–Flohr, G.E. 2008. Pathogenicity of Pague, C.A., and J.C. Mitchell. 1987. The Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in two status of amphibians in Virginia. Virginia threatened California amphibians: Rana Journal of Science 38:304–318. draytonii and Ambystoma californiense. Pague, C.A., and J.C. Mitchell. 1991. The Herpetological Conservation and Biology amphibians and reptiles of Back Bay, 3:182–191. Virginia. Pp. 159–166 In H.G. Marshall and Padgett–Flohr, G.E., and R.L. Hopkins III. M.D. Norman (eds.), Proceedings of the 2009. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Back Bay Ecological Symosium, Department novel pathogen approaching endemism in of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion central California. Diseases of Aquatic University, Norfolk, Virginia. Organisms 83:1–9. Pais, R.C., S.A. Bonney, and W.C. McComb. Padgett–Flohr, G.E., and M.P. Hayes. 2011. 1988. Herpetofaunal species richness and Assessment of the vulnerability of the habitat associations in an eastern Kentucky Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) to the forest. 1988 Proceedings of the Annual amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium Conference of Southeastern Fish and dendrobatidis). Herpetological Conservation Wildlife Agencies:448–455. and Biology 6:99–106. Palen, W.J., and D.E. Schindler. 2010. Water Paetow, L. J. 2010. Effects of agricultural clarity, maternal behavior, and physiology pesticides and the chytrid fungus combine to eliminate UV radiation risk to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis on the amphibians in a montane landscape. health of post–metamorphic northern leopard Proceedings of the National Academy of frogs (Lithobates pipiens). M.S. thesis. Science, USA 107:9701–9706. Concordia University, Montreal. Palen, W.J., D.E. Schindler, M.J. Adams, C.A. Paetow, L., D.K. Cone, T. Huyse, J.D. Pearl, R.B. Bury, and S.A. Diamond. 2002. McLaughlin, and D.J. Marcogliese. 2009. Optical characteristics of natural waters Morphology and molecular taxonomy of protect amphibians from UV–B in the U.S. Gyrodactylus jennyae n. sp. (Monogenea) Pacific Northwest. Ecology 83:2951–2957. from tadpoles of captive Rana catesbeiana Palis, J. 1994a. Night of the spadefoots. Florida Shaw (Anura), with a review of the species of Wildlife 48(6):12–13. Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 parasitising Palis, J.G. 1994b. Rana utricularia (Southern amphibians. Systematic Parasitology 73:219– Leopard Frog). Road mortality. 227. Herpetological Review 25:119. Paetow, L.J., B.D. Pauli, J.D. McLaughlin, J. Palis, J.G. 1995. Winter chorus. Florida Bidulka, and D.J. Marcogliese. 2011. First Wildlife 49(Jan/Feb):12–14. detection of ranavirus in Lithobates pipiens Palis, J.G. 1997. Species profile: Gopher frog in Quebec. Herpetological Review 42:211– (Rana capito spp.) on military installations in 214. the Southeastern United States. U.S. Army Paetow, L.J., J. D. McLaughlin, R. I. Cue, B. Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment D. Pauli, and D. J. Marcogliese. 2012. Effects Station Technical Report SERDP–97–5. of herbicides and the chytrid fungus Palis, J.G. 1998. Breeding biology of the Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis on the gopher frog, Rana capito, in western Florida. health of post–metamorphic northern leopard Journal of Herpetology 32:217–223. frogs (Lithobates pipiens). Ecotoxicology Palis, J. 2000a. Scaphiopus holbrookii (Eastern and Environmental Safety 80: 372–380. Spadefoot). Predation. Herpetological 221

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Review 31:42–43. early development of the coastal tailed frog Palis, J. 2000b. Rana sphenocephala (Southern (Ascaphus truei). Northwestern Naturalist Leopard Frog). Subterranean vocalization. 91:206–213. Herpetological Review 31:42. Palorski, R.A. 2008. Relationship between Palis, J.G. 2005. Pseudacris crucifer (Spring lakeshore development and frog populations Peeper). Predation. Herpetological Review on central Wisconsin. Pp. 77–83 In J.C. 36:305. Mitchell, R.E. Jung Brown, and B. Palis, J.G. 2007. If you build it, they will come: Bartholomew (eds.), Urban Herpetology. herpetofaunal colonization of constructed Herpetological Conservation 3. Society for wetlands and adjacent terrestrial habitat in the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Salt the Cache River drainage of southern Illinois. Lake City, Utah. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Panik, H.R., and S. Barrett. 1994. Distribution Science 100:177–189. of amphibians and reptiles along the Truckee Palis, J.G. 2009. Frog pond, fish pond: River system. Northwest Science 68:197– temporal co–existence of crawfish frog 204. tadpoles and fishes. Proceedings of the Panitz, E., and J.L. Briggs. 1968. Rana Indiana Academy of Science 118:196–199. cascadae, new definitive host of Palis, J.G. 2010. Hyla avivoca (Bird–voiced Megalodiscus microphagus Ingles, 1936 Treefrog). Distance from breeding site. (Trematoda, Paramphistomatidae) in Oregon. Herpetological Review 41:63–64. Bulletin of the Wildlife Disease Association Palis, J.G. 2012a. Hyla avivoca (Bird–voiced 4:21. Treefrog). Constructed wetland colonization. Paoletti, D.J. 2009. Responses of foothill Herpetological Review 43:119–120. yellow–legged frog (Rana boylii) larvae to an Palis, J.G. 2012b. Pseudacris crucifer (Spring introduced predator. M.S. thesis, Oregon Peeper). Predation. Herpetological Review State University, Corvallis. 43:325. Paoletti, D.J., D.H. Olson, and A.R. Blaustein. Palis, J.G., and M.J. Aresco. 2007. 2011. Responses of foothill yellow–legged Immigration orientation and migration frog (Rana boylii) larvae to an introduced distance of four pond–breeding amphibians predator. Copeia 2011:161–168. in northwestern Florida. Florida Scientist Parker, J.M. 2000. Habitat use and movements 70:251–263. of the Wyoming toad, Bufo baxteri: a study Palmer, T.C. 1908. A familiar talk on Delaware of wild juvenile, adult, and released County frogs. Proceedings of the Delaware captive–raised toads. M.S. thesis, University County (Pennsylvania) Institute of Science of Wyoming, Laramie. 4:12–22. Parker, J.M., and S.H. Anderson. 2003. Habitat Palmer, W.M., and A.L. Braswell. 1980. use and movements of repatriated Wyoming Additional records of albinistic amphibians toads. Journal of Wildlife Management and reptiles from North Carolina. Brimleyana 67:439–446. 3:49–52. Parker, J., S.H. Anderson, and F.J. Lindzey. Palmer, W.M., and A.L. Braswell. 1995. 2000. Bufo baxteri (Wyoming Toad). Reptiles of North Carolina. University of Predation. Herpetological Review 31:167– North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 168. Palmeri–Miles, A.F., K.A. Douville, J.A. Parker, M.L. 1939. The amphibians and Tyson, K.D. Ramsdell, and M.P. Hayes. reptiles of Reelfoot Lake and vicinity, with a 2010. Field observations of oviposition and key for the separation of the species and 222

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subspecies. Journal of the Tennessee Parris, M.J., and J.G. Beaudoin. 2004. Academy of Science 14:72–101. Chytridiomycosis impacts predator–prey Parker, M.L., and M.I. Goldstein. 2004. Diet of interactions in larval amphibian communities. the Rio Grande leopard frog (Rana Oecologia 140:626–632. berlandieri) in Texas. Journal of Parris, M.J., R. D. Semlitsch, and R. D. Sage. Herpetology 38:127–130. 1999. Experimental analysis of the Parker, M.V. 1937. Some amphibians and evolutionary potential of hybridization in reptiles from Reelfoot Lake. Journal of the leopard frogs (Anura: Ranidae). Journal of Tennessee Academy of Science 12:60–86. Evolutionary Biology 12: 662–671. Parker, M.V. 1941. The trematode parasites Parris, M.J., C.W. Laird, and R.D. Semlitsch. from a collection of amphibians and reptiles. 2001. Differential predation on experimental Journal of the Tennessee Academy of populations of parental and hybrid leopard Science 16:27–45. frogs (Rana blairi and Rana sphenocephala) Parker, M.V. 1951. Notes on the bird–voiced larvae. Journal of Herpetology 35:479–485. tree frog, Hyla phaeocrypta. Journal of the Parry, J.E., and A.W. Grundman. 1965. Species Tennessee Academy of Science 26:208–213. composition and distribution of the parasites Parker, W.S. 1973. Observations on a small, of some common amphibians of Iron and isolated population of Bufo punctatus in Washington counties, Utah. Proceedings of Arizona. Southwestern Naturalist 18:93–114. the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Parmelee, J.R., M.G. Knutson, and J.E. Lyon. Letters 42:271–279. 2002. A field guide to amphibian larvae and Pask, J.D., D.C. Woodhams, and L.A. Rollins– eggs of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa. Smith. 2012. The ebb and flow of USGS Information and Technology Report antimicrobial skin peptides defends northern 2002–0004, Washington, D.C. leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) against Parmley, D.C., and J.D. Tyler. 1978. Gray chytridiomycosis. Global Change Biology treefrog in southwestern Oklahoma. 18:1231–1238. Southwestern Naturalist 23:157–158. Patch, C.L. 1918. The economic value of Parris, M.J. 1998. Terrestrial burrowing batrachians and reptiles. Ottawa Naturalist ecology of newly metamorphosed frogs 32:29–30. (Rana pipiens complex). Canadian Journal of Patch, C.L. 1922. Some amphibians and Zoology 76:2124–2129. reptiles from British Columbia. Copeia Parris, M.J. 2000. Experimental analysis of (111):74–79. hybridization in leopard frogs (Anura: Patch, C.L. 1925. The frog eats the bird. Ranidae): larval performance in desiccating Canadian Field–Naturalist 39:150. environments. Copeia 2000:11–19. Patch, C.L. 1929. Some amphibians of western Parris, M.J., and R.D. Semlitsch. 1998. North America. Canadian Field–Naturalist Asymmetric competition in larval amphibian 43:137–138. communities: conservation implications for Patch, C.L. 1939. Northern records of the wood the northern crawfish frog, Rana areolata frog. Copeia 1939:235. circulosa. Oecologia 116:219–226. Patch, C.L. 1949. Further northern records of Parris, M.J., and D.R. Baud. 2004. Interactive the wood–frog. Copeia 1949:233. effects of a heavy metal and Patla, D.A. 1997. Changes in a population of chytridiomycosis on gray treefrog larvae spotted frogs in Yellowstone National Park (Hyla chrysoscelis). Copeia 2004:344–350. between 1953 and 1995: the effects of habitat 223

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modification. M.S. thesis, Idaho State Biology 7:407–426. University, Pocatello. Patten, M.A., and S.J. Myers. 1992. Patla, D.A., and C.R. Peterson. 1999. Are Geographic distribution: Bufo microscaphus amphibians declining in Yellowstone californicus. Herpetological Review 23:124. National Park? Yellowstone Science 7:2–11. Pauken, R.J., and D.E. Metter. 1971. Patla, D.A., C.R. Peterson, and P.S. Corn. Geographic representation of morphologic 2009. Amphibian decline in Yellowstone variation among populations of Ascaphus National Park. Proceedings of the National truei Stejneger. Systematic Zoology 20:434– Academy of Sciences, USA 106:E22. 441. Paton, P., S. Stevens, and L. Longo. 2000. Paukstis, G.L., and L.E. Brown. 1987. Seasonal phenology of amphibian breeding Evolution of the intercalary cartilage in and recruitment at a pond in Rhode Island. chorus frogs, genus Pseudacris (Salientia: Northeastern Naturalist 7:255–269. Hylidae). Brimleyana 13:55–61. Paton, P.W.C., R.S. Egan, J.E. Osenkowski, Pauley, B.A., and T.K. Pauley. 2007. Survey of C.J. Raithel, and R.T. Brooks. 2003. Rana abandoned coal mines for amphibians and sylvatica (Wood Frog). Breeding behavior reptiles in New River Gorge National River, during drought. Herpetological Review West Virginia. Proceedings of the West 34:236–237. Virginia Academy of Science 79:22–30. Patrick, D.A., M.L. Hunter, and A.J. Calhoun. Pauley, T.K. 1980. Field notes on the 2006. Effects of experimental forestry distribution of terrestrial amphibians and treatments on a Maine amphibian reptiles of the West Virginia mountains community. Forest Ecology and Management above 970 meters. Proceedings of the West 234:323–332. Virginia Academy of Science 52:84–92. Patrick, D.A., A.J.K. Calhoun, and M.L. Pauley, T.K. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles in Hunter, Jr. 2007. Orientation of juvenile wetland habitats of West Virginia. wood frogs, Rana sylvatica, leaving Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy experimental ponds. Journal of Herpetology of Science 72:78–88. 41:158–163. Pauley, T.K. 2001. Toads and frogs of West Patrick, D.A., C.M. Schalk, J.P. Gibbs, and Virginia. West Virginia Division of Natural H.W. Woltz. 2010. Effective culvert Resources, Elkins, West Virginia. placement and design facilitate passage of Pauley, T.K., J.C. Mitchell, R.R. Buech, and amphibians across roads. Journal of J.J. Moriarty. 2000. Ecology and Herpetology 44:618–626. management of riparian habitats for Patrick, D.A., E.B. Harper, V.D. Popescu, Z. amphibians and reptiles. Pp. 169–192 In E.S. Bozic, A. Byrne, J. Daub, A. Lecheminant Verry, J.W. Hornbeck, and C.A. Dolloff and J. Pierce. 2012a. The ecology of the mink (eds.), Riparian Management in Forests of frog, Lithobates septentrionalis, in the the Continental Eastern United States. Lewis Adirondack Park, New York, with notes on Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida. conducting experimental research. Paulmier, F.C. 1902. Catalogue of New York Herpetological Review 43:396–398. reptiles and batrachians. Lizards, tortoises Patrick, D.A., J.P. Gibbs, V.D. Popescu, and and batrachians of New York. New York D.A. Nelson. 2012b. Multi–scale habitat– State Museum Bulletin 51:389–409. resistance models for predicting road Paulson, B.K., and V.H. Hutchison. 1987. mortality “hotspots” for turtles and Origin of the stimulus for muscular spasms at amphibians. Herpetological Conservation and the critical thermal maximum in anurans. 224

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Copeia 1987:810–813. Herpetology 37:572–576. Pauly, G.B., D.M. Hillis, and D.C. Cannatella. Pearl, C.A., M.J. Adams, R.B. Bury, and B. 2004. The history of a Nearctic colonization: McCreary. 2004. Asymmetrical effects of molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of introduced bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) on the Nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution native ranid frogs in Oregon. Copeia 58:2517–2535. 2004:11–20. Pauly, G.B., S.R. Ron, and L. Lerum. 2008. Pearl, C.A., M.P. Hayes, R. Haycock, J.D. Molecular and ecological characterization of Engler, and J. Bowerman. 2005a. extralimital populations of red–legged frogs Observations of interspecific amplexus from western North America. Journal of between western North American ranid frogs Herpetology 42:669–679. and the introduced American Bullfrog (Rana Peacor, S.D., and E.E. Werner. 2000. Predator catesbeiana) and an hypothesis concerning effects on an assemblage of consumers breeding interference. American Midland through induced changes in consumer Naturalist 154:126–134. foraging behavior. Ecology 81:1998–2010. Pearl, C.A., M.J. Adams, N. Leuthold, and Peacor, S.D., and E.E. Werner. 2001. The R.B. Bury. 2005b. Amphibian occurrence contribution of trait–mediated indirect effects and aquatic invaders in a changing to the net effects of a predator. Proceedings landscape:implications for wetland mitigation of the National Academy of Sciences, USA in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA. 98: 3904–3908. Wetlands 25:76–88. Pearl, C.A. 2000. Bufo boreas (Western Toad). Pearl, C.A., J. Bowerman, and D. Knight. Predation. Herpetological Review 31:233– 2005c. Feeding behavior and aquatic habitat 234. use by Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa) Pearl, C.A., and M.P. Hayes. 2002. Predation in central Oregon. Northwestern Naturalist by Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa) on 86:36–38. western toads (Bufo boreas) in Oregon. Pearl, C.A., E.L. Bull, D.E. Green, J. American Midland Naturalist 147:145–152. Bowerman, M.J. Adams, A. Hyatt, and W.H. Pearl, C.A., and D.E. Green. 2005. Rana Wendt. 2007. Occurrence of the amphibian catesbeiana (American Bullfrog). pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Chytridiomycosis. Herpetological Review the Pacific Northwest. Journal of 36:305–306. Herpetology 41:145–149. Pearl, C.A., and J. Bowerman. 2006. Pearl, C.A., M.J. Adams, R.B. Bury, W.H. Observations of rapid colonization of Wente, and B. McCreary. 2009a. Evaluating constructed ponds by western toads (Bufo amphibian declines with site revisits and boreas) in Oregon, USA. Western North occupancy models: status of montane anurans American Naturalist 66:397–401. in the Pacific Northwest USA. Diversity Pearl, C.A., D.J. Major, and R.B. Bury. 2002. 1:166–181. Ascaphus truei (Tailed Frog). Albinism. Pearl, C.A., M.J. Adams, and N. Leuthold. Herpetological Review 33:123. 2009b. Breeding habitat and local population Pearl, C.A., M.J. Adams, G.S. Schuytema, and size of the Oregon spotted frog (Rana A.V. Nebeker. 2003. Behavioral responses of pretiosa) in Oregon, USA. Northwestern anuran larvae to chemical cues of native and Naturalist 90:136–147. introduced predators in the Pacific Pearl, C.A., J. Bowerman, M.J. Adams, and Northwestern United States. Journal of N.D. Chelgren. 2009c. Widespread 225

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occurrence of the chytrid fungus legged bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Copeia Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis on Oregon 1960:50–51. spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa). EcoHealth Pease, K.M. 2011. Rapid evolution of anti– 6:209–218. predator defenses in Pacific tree frog tadpoles Pearman, P.B. 1991. The ecology of patchy exposed to invasive predatory crayfish. Ph.D. habitats: effects of pond size on experimental dissertation, University of California, Los tadpole populations. Ph.D. dissertation, Duke Angeles. Univesity, Durham, North Carolina. Pease, K.M., and R. K. Wayne. 2011. The Pearman, P.B. 1993. Effects of habitat size on response of Pacific tree frog (Pseudacris tadpole populations. Ecology 74:1982–1991. regilla) tadpoles to invasive predatory Pearman, P.B. 1995. Effects of pond size and crayfish: a comparison of anti–predator traits consequent predator density on two species between naive and exposed tadpoles. of tadpoles. Oecologia 102:1–8. Integrative and Comparative Biology Pearse, A.S. 1910. The reactions of amphibians 51:E107–E107. to light. Proceedings of the American Pechmann, J.H.K., and R.D. Semlitsch. 1986. Academy of Arts and Sciences 45:159–208. Diel activity patterns in the breeding Pearse, A.S. 1936. Estuarine animals at migrations of winter–breeding anurans. Beaufort, North Carolina. Journal of the Canadian Journal of Zoology 64:1116–1120. Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 52:174– Pechmann, J.H.K., D.E. Scott, J.W. Gibbons, 222. and R.D. Semlitsch. 1989. Influence of Pearson, H.A., R.R. Lohoefener and J.L. wetland hydroperiod on diversity and Wolfe. 1987. Amphibians and reptiles on abundance of metamorphosing juvenile longleaf–slash pine forests in Mississippi. Pp. amphibians. Wetlands Ecology and 157–165 In Ecological, Physical, and Management 1:3–11. Socioeconomic Relationships within Pechmann, J.H.K., D.E. Scott, R.D. Semlitsch, Southern National Forests, Proceedings of J.P. Caldwell, L.J. Vitt, and J.W. Gibbons. the Southern Evaluation Project Workshop. 1991. Declining amphibian populations: the USDA Forest Service, Southern Forest problem of separating human impacts from Experiment Station, New Orleans. natural fluctuations. Science 253:892–895. Pearson, K.J. 2009. Status of the Great Plains Pechmann, J.H.K., R.A. Estes, D.E. Scott, and Toad (Bufo [Anaxyrus] cognatus) in Alberta: J.W. Gibbons. 2001. Amphibian colonization update 2009. Alberta Sustainable Resource and use of ponds created for trial mitigation Development, Wildlife Status Report No. 14 of wetland loss. Wetlands 21:93–111. (update 2009), Edmonton. Pehek, E.L. 1995. Competition, pH, and the Pearson, P.G. 1955. Population ecology of the ecology of larval Hyla andersonii. Ecology spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus h. holbrooki 76:1786–1793. (Harlan). Ecological Monographs 25:233– Pelgen, J.L. 1951. A Rana catesbeiana with six 267. functional legs. Herpetologica 7:138–139. Pearson, P.G. 1957. Further notes on the Pemberton, C.E. 1933. Introductions to Hawaii population ecology of the spadefoot toad. of the tropical American toad Bufo marinus. Ecology 38:580–586. Hawaiian Planters’ Record 37:15–16. Pearson, P.G. 1958. Body measurements of Pemberton, C.E. 1934. Local investigations on Scaphiopus holbrooki. Copeia 1958:215– the introduced tropical American toad Bufo 217. marinus. Hawaiian Planters’ Record 38:186– Pearson, P.G. 1960. A description of a six– 192. 226

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Pemberton, C.E. 1949. Longevity of the study. Animal Behaviour 30:43–48. tropical American toad, Bufo marinus. Perry, R.W., D.C. Rudolph, and R.E. Thill. Science 110:512. 2012. Effects of short–rotation controlled Penn, G.H. 1950. Utilization of crawfishes by burning on amphibians and reptiles in pine cold–blooded vertebrates in the eastern woodlands. Forest Ecology and Management United States. American Midland Naturalist 271:124–131. 44:643–658. Peters, B., and F.S. Ruth. 1962. Albino Pennant, T. 1792. Arctic Zoology. Class II. bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) population Birds. 2nd Volume, Robert Faulder, London. found in San Leandro Creek, Alameda Perkins, D.W. 2004. The effects of riparian County, California. Turtox News 40(1):7. timber management on amphibians in Peterson, C.R. 1974. A preliminary report on western Maine. Ph.D. dissertation, the amphibians and reptiles of the Black Hills University of Maine, Orono. of South Dakota and Wyoming. M.S. thesis, Perkins, D.W., and M.L. Hunter, Jr. 2006a. University of Illinois, Urbana–Champaign. Effects of riparian timber management on Peterson, H.W., R. Garrett, and J.P. Lantz. amphibians in Maine. Journal of Wildlife 1952. The mating period of the giant tree frog Management 70:657–670. Hyla dominicensis. Herpetologica 8:63. Perkins, D.W., and M.L. Hunter, Jr. 2006b. Peterson, J.A., and A.R. Blaustein. 1991. Use of amphibians to define riparian zones of Unpalatability in anuran larvae as a defense headwater streams. Canadian Journal of against natural salamander predators. Forest Research 36:2124–2130. Ethology Ecology & Evolution 3:63–72. Perrill, S.A. 1984. Male mating behavior in Peterson, J.A., and A.R. Blaustein. 1992. Hyla regilla. Copeia 1984:727–732. Relative palatabilities of anuran larvae to Perrill, S.A., and R.E. Daniel. 1983. Multiple natural aquatic insect predators. Copeia egg clutches in Hyla regilla, H. cinerea, and 1992:577–584. H. gratiosa. Copeia 1983:513–516. Peterson, J.D. 2012. Physiological effects of Perrill, S.A., and M. Magier. 1988. Male chytridiomycosis, a cause of amphibian mating behavior in Acris crepitans. Copeia population declines. Ph.D. dissertation, 1988:245–248. Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. Perrill, S.A., and W.J. Shepherd. 1989. Spatial Peterson, J.D., M.B. Wood, W.A. Hopkins, distribution and male–male communication J.M. Unrine, and M.T. Mendonça. 2007. in the northern cricket frog, Acris crepitans Prevalence of Batrachochytrium blanchardi. Journal of Herpetology 23:237– dendrobatidis in American bullfrog and 243. southern leopard frog larvae from wetlands Perrill, S.A., and L.C. Lower. 1994. on the Savannah River Site, South Carolina. Advertisement call discrimination by female Journal of Wildlife Diseases 43:450–460. cricket frogs (Acris crepitans). Journal of Peterson, J.D., V.A. Peterson, and M.T. Herpetology 28:399–400. Mendonça. 2008. Growth and developmental Perrill, S.A., H.C. Gerhardt, and R. Daniel. effects of coal combustion residues on 1978. Sexual parasitism in the green tree frog southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) (Hyla cinerea). Science 200:1179–1180. tadpoles exposed throughout metamorphosis. Perrill, S.A., H.C. Gerhardt, and R. Daniel. Copeia 2008:499–503. 1982. Mating strategy shifts in male green Petranka, J.W. 1989a. Chemical interference treefrogs (Hyla cinerea): an experimental competition in tadpoles: does it occur outside 227

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laboratory aquaria? Copeia 1989:921–930. unit for monitoring pond–breeding Petranka, J.W. 1989b. Response of toad amphibians. Ecological Applications tadpoles to conflicting chemical stimuli: 14:1065–1078. predator avoidance versus “optimal” Petrides, G.A. 1944. Life span of the spadefoot foraging. Herpetologica 45:283–292. toad. Copeia 1944:122–123. Petranka, J.W., and D.A.G. Thomas. 1995. Petrovic, C.A. 1973. An “albino” frog, Explosive breeding reduces egg and tadpole Eleutherodactylus planirostris Cope. Journal cannibalism in the wood frog, Rana of Herpetology 7:49–51. sylvatica. Animal Behaviour 50:731–739. Pettus, D. 1955. Notes on the breeding Petranka, J.W., and L. Hayes. 1998. behavior of the common treefrog (Hyla Chemically mediated avoidance of a versicolor). Texas Journal of Science predatory odonate (Anax junius) by American 7:345–346. toad (Bufo americanus) and wood frog (Rana Pettus, D., and A.W. Spencer. 1964. Size and sylvatica) tadpoles. Behavioral Ecology and metabolic differences in Pseudacris triseriata Sociobiology 42:263–271. (Anura) from different elevations. Petranka, J.W., and C.A. Kennedy. 1999. Pond Southwestern Naturalist 9:20–26. tadpoles with generalized morphology: is is Pettus, D., and G.M. Angleton. 1967. time to reconsider their functional roles in Comparative reproductive biology of aquatic communities? Oecologia 120:621– montane and Piedmont chorus frogs. 631. Evolution 21:500–507. Petranka, J.W., L. B. Kats, and A. Sih. 1987. Petzing, J.E., and C.A. Phillips. 1999. Rana Predator–prey interactions among fish and sphenocephala (Southern Leopard Frog). larval amphibians: use of chemical cues to Reproduction (fall breeding). Herpetological detect predatory fish. Animal Behaviour Review 30:93–94. 35:420–425. Pfeiffer, E.E. 1949. The toad: the gardener’s Petranka, J.W., M.E. Hopey, B.T. Jennings, assistant. Organic Farming Digest 1(12):18– S.D. Baird, and S.J. Boone. 1994. Breeding 23. habitat segregation of wood frogs and Pfennig, D.W. 1989. Evolution, development, American toads: the role of interspecific and behavior of alternative amphibian tadpole predation and adult choice. Copeia morphologies. Ph.D. dissertation, University 1994:691–697. of Texas, Austin. Petranka, J.W., A.W. Rushlow, and M.E. Pfennig, D. 1990a. The adaptive significance Hopey. 1998. Predation by tadpoles of Rana of an environmentally–cued developmental sylvatica on embryos of Ambystoma swith in an anuran tadpole. Oecologia maculatum: implications of ecological role 85:101–107. reversals by Rana (predator) and Ambystoma Pfennig, D.W. 1990b. “Kin recognition” (prey). Herpetologica 54:1–13. among spadefoot toad tadpoles: a side–effect Petranka, J.W., S.S. Murray, and C.A. of habitat selection? Evolution 44:785–798. Kennedy. 2003. Responses of amphibians to Pfennig, D.W. 1992a. Polyphenism in restoration of a Southern Appalachian spadefoot toad tadpoles as a locally adjusted wetland: perturbations confound post– evolutionarily stable strategy. Evolution restoration assessment. Wetlands 23:278– 46:1408–1420. 290. Pfennig, D.W. 1992b. Proximate and Petranka, J.W., C.K. Smith, and A.F. Scott. functional causes of polyphenism in an an 2004. Identifying the minimal demographic anuran tadpole. Functional Ecology 6:167– 228

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174. Evolution of male mating behavior: male Pfennig, D.W. 1999. Cannibalistic tadpoles spadefoot toads preferentially associate with that pose the greatest threat to kin are most conspecific males. Behavioral Ecology and likely to discriminate kin. Proceedings of the Sociobiology 48:69–74. Royal Society, London 266B:57–61. Pfingsten, R.A. 1998. Distribution of Ohio Pfennig, D.W., and P.J. Murphy. 2000. amphibians. Pp. 220–255 In M.J. Lannoo Character displacement in polyphenic (ed.), Status & Distribution of Midwestern tadpoles. Evolution 54:1738–1749. Amphibians. University of Iowa Press, Iowa Pfennig, D.W., and P.J. Murphy. 2002. How City. fluctuating competition and phenotypic Pham, L., S. Boudreaux, S. Karhbet, B. Price, plasticity mediate species divergence. A.S. Ackleh, J. Carter, and N. Pal. 2007. Evoution 56:1217–1228. Population estimates of Hyla cinerea Pfennig, D.W., and P.J. Murphy. 2003. A test (Schneider) (Green Tree Frog) in an urban of alternative hypotheses for character environment. Southeastern Naturalist 6:203– divergence between coexisting species. 216. Ecology 84:1288–1297. Phelps, J.P. 1993. The effect of clearcutting on Pfennig, D.W., and R.A. Martin. 2009. A herpetofauna of a South Carolina blackwater maternal effect mediates rapid population bottomland. M.S. thesis, North Carolina State divergence and character displacement in University, Raleigh. spadefoot toads. Evolution 63:898–909. Phelps, J.P., and R. A. Lancia. 1995. Effects of Pfennig, D.W., A. Mabry, and D. Orange. a clearcut on the herpetofauna of a South 1991. Environmental causes of correlations Carolina bottomland swamp. Brimleyana between age and size at metamorphosis in 22:31–45. Scaphiopus multiplicatus. Ecology 72:2240– Phillips, C.A., R.A. Brandon, and E.O. Moll. 2248. 1999. Field Guide to the Amphibians and Pfennig, K. S. 1998. The evolution of mate Reptiles of Illinois. Illinois Natural History choice and the potential for conflict between Survey, Champaign, Illinois. species and mate–quality recognition. Phillips, K.A., and G.C. Boone. 1976. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B Occurrence of yellow bullfrogs (Rana 265:1743–1748. catesbeiana Shaw) in central Pennsylvania. Pfennig, K.S. 2000. Female spadefoot toads Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of compromise on mate quality to ensure Science 50:163–164. conspecific matings. Behavioral Ecology Phillips, K.M. 1995. Rana capito capito, the 11:220–227. Carolina gopher frog, in southeast Georgia: Pfennig, K.S. 2003. A test of alternative reproduction, early growth, adult movement hypotheses for the evolution of reproductive patterns, and tadpole fright response. M.S. isolation between spadefoot toads: support thesis, Georgia Southern University, for the reinforcement hypothesis. Evolution Statesboro. 57:2842–2851. Phillips, P.C. 1998. Genetic constraints at the Pfennig, K.S., and M.A. Simovich. 2002. metamorphic boundary: morphological Differential selection to avoid hybridization development in the wood frog, Rana in two toad species. Evolution 56:1840– sylvatica. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 1848. 11:453–463. Pfennig, K.S., K. Rapa, and R. McNutt. 2000. Phillips, P.C., and M.J. Wade. 1990. Rana 229

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sylvatica (Wood Frog). Reproductive Connecticut wood frogs: genetic and mortality. Herpetological Review 21:59. maternal effects. Canadian Journal of Phillipsen, I.C. 2010. Population genetics of Zoology 63:1647–1651. ranid frogs: investigating effective population Pierce, B.A., and J.M. Harvey. 1987. size and gene flow. Ph.D. dissertation, Geographic variation in acid tolerance of Oregon State University, Corvallis. wood frogs. Copeia 1987:94–103. Phillipsen, I.C., and A.E. Metcalf. 2009. Pierce, B.A., and J. Montgomery. 1989. Effects Phylogeography of a stream–dwelling frog of short–term acidification on growth rates of (Pseudacris cadaverina) in southern tadpoles. Journal of Herpetology 23:97–102. California. Molecular Phylogenetics and Pierce, B.A., and D.K. Wooten. 1992. Genetic Evolution 53:152–170. variation in tolerance of amphibians to low Phillipsen, I.C., J. Bowerman, and M.Blouin. pH. Journal of Herpetology 26:422–429. 2010. Effective number of breeding adults in Pierce, B.A., and K.J. Gutzwiller. 2004. Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa): Auditory sampling of frogs: detection genetic estimates at two life stages. efficiency in relation to survey duration. Conservation Genetics 11:737–745. Journal of Herpetology 38:495–500. Phillipsen, I.C., W.C. Funk, E.A. Hoffman, Pierce, B.A., J.B. Hoskins, and E. Epstein. K.J. Monsen, and M.S. Blouin. 2011. 1984. Acid tolerance in Connecticut wood Comparative analyses of effective population frogs (Rana sylvatica). Journal of size within and among species: ranid frogs as Herpetology 18:159–167. a case study. Evolution 65:2927–2945. Pierce, B.A., M.A. Margolis, and L.J. Nirtaut. Piacenza, T. 2008. Population densities of the 1987. The relationship between egg size and Cuban treefrog, Osteopilus septentrionalis acid tolerance in Rana sylvatica. Journal of and three native species of Hyla (Hylidae), in Herpetology 21:178–184. urban and natural habitats of southwest Pierce, J.R. 1975. Genetic compatibility of Florida. M.S. thesis, University of South Hyla arenicolor with other species in the Florida, Tampa. family, Hylidae. Texas Journal of Science Piatt, J. 1941. Observations on the breeding 26:431–441. habits of Bufo americanus. Copeia 1941:264. Pierce, J.R. 1976. Distribution of two mating Pickens, A.L. 1927a. Intermediate between call types of the Plains spadefoot, Scaphiopus Bufo fowleri and B. americanus. Copeia bombifrons, in southwestern United States. (162):25–26. Southwestern Naturalist 20:578–582. Pickens, A.L. 1927b. Amphibians of the upper Pierce, J.R., and D.B. Ralin. 1972. South Carolina. Copeia (165):106–110. Vocalizations and behavior of the males of Pickwell, G. (ed.). 1930. Frogs Toads three species in the Hyla versicolor complex. Salamanders. Western Nature Study 1:1–55. Herpetologica 28:329–337. Pickwell, G. 1947. Amphibians & Reptiles of Piersol, W.H. 1913. Amphibia. Pp. 242–248 In the Pacific States. Stanford University Press, J.H. Faull (ed.), The Natural History of the Stanford, California. [reissued by Dover Toronto Region, Ontario, Canada. The Publications, 1972] Canadian Institute, Toronto. Pierce, B.A. 1993. The effects of acid Pieterson, C.B., L.M. Addison, J.N. Agobian, precipitation on amphibians. Ecotoxicology B. Brooks–Solveson, J. Cassani, and E.M. 2:65–77. Everham III. 2006. Five years of the Pierce, B.A., and N. Sikand. 1985. Southwest Florida Frog Monitoring Network: Intrapopulation variation in acid tolerance of changes in frog communities as an indicator of 230

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landscape change. Florida Scientist 69 and P.S. Corn. 2003. Fire and amphibians in (Supplement 2):117–126. North America. Forest Ecology and Piha, H., M. Luoto, and J. Merilä. 2007. Management 178:163–181. Amphibian occurrence is influenced by Pilliod, D.S., E. Muths, R.D. Scherer, P.E. current and historic landscape characteristics. Bartelt, P.S. Corn, B.R. Hossack, B.A. Ecological Applications 17:2298–2309. Lambert, R. McCaffery, and C. Gaughan. Pike, N. 1886. Notes on the hermit spadefoot 2010. Effects of amphibian chytrid fungus on (Scaphiopus holbrooki Harlan; S. solitarius individual survival probability in wild boreal Holbr.). Bulletin of the American Museum of toads. Conservation Biology 24:1259–1267. Natural History 1(14):213–221. Pimentel, R.A. 1955. Habitat distribution and Pilliod, D.S. 1999. Rana luteiventris (Columbia movements of Bufo b. boreas, Baird and Spotted Frog). Cannibalism. Herpetological Girard. Herpetologica 11:72. Review 30:93. Pinder, A., and S. Friet. 1994. Oxygen Pilliod, D.S. 2002. Clark’s Nutcracker transport in egg masses of the amphibians (Nucifraga columbiana) predation on Rana sylvatica and Ambystoma maculatum: tadpoles of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana convection, diffusion and oxygen production luteiventris). Northwestern Naturalist 83:59– by algae. Journal of Experimental Biology 61. 197:17–30. Pilliod, D.S., and C.R. Peterson. 2000. Pinder, R. 2010. Rana clamitans (Green Frog). Evaluating effects of fish stocking on Coloration. Herpetological Review 41:66. amphibian populations in wilderness lakes. Pine, R.H. 1975. Star–nosed mole eaten by bull Pp. 328–335 In Wilderness Science in a frog. Mammalia 39:713–714. Time of Change Conference. Vol. 5. Piovia–Scott, J., K.L. Pope, S.P. Lawler, E.M. Wilderness Ecosystems, Threats, and Cole, and J.E. Foley. 2011. Factors related to Management. RMRS–P–15. the distribution and prevalence of the fungal http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p015_5/r pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in mrs_p015_5_328_335.pdf Rana cascadae and other amphibians in the Pilliod, D.S., and C.R. Peterson. 2001. Local Klamath Mountains. Biological Conservation and landscape effects of introduced trout on 144:2913–2921. amphibians in historically fishless Pittman, S.E., and M.E. Dorcas. 2006. Catawba watersheds. Ecosystems 4:322–333. River Corridor coverboard program: a citizen Pilliod, D.S., and E. Wind (eds.). 2008. Habitat science approach to amphibian and reptile Management Guidelines for Amphibians and inventory. Journal of the North Carolina Reptiles of the Northwestern United States Academy of Science 122:142–151. and Western Canada. Partners in Amphibian Pittman, S.E., A.L. Jendrek, S.J. Price and and Reptile Conservation, Technical M.E. Dorcas. 2008. Habitat selection and site Publication HMG–4, Montgomery, Alabama. fidelity of Cope’s gray treefrog (Hyla Pilliod, D.S., C.R. Peterson, and P.I. Ritson. chrysoscelis) at the aquatic–terrestrial 2002. Seasonal migration of Columbia ecotone. Journal of Herpetology 42:378–385. spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) among Pitt, A.L., C.M. Allard, J.E. Hawley, R.F. complementary resources in a high mountain Baldwin, and B.L. Brown. 2011. Lithobates basin. Canadian Journal of Zoology sylvaticus. (Wood Frog). Predation. 80:1849–1862. Herpetological Review 42:263. Pilliod, D.S., R.B. Bury, E.J. Hyde, C.A. Pearl, Placyk, J.S., Jr., M.J. Seider, and J.C. 231

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Gillingham. 2002. New herpetological sympatric and allopatric populations in records for High and Hog Islands of the Arizona. Science 179:1334–1336. Beaver Archipelago, Charlevoix County, Platz, J.E., and J.S. Mecham. 1979. Rana Michigan. Herpetological Review 33:230. chiricahuensis, a new species of leopard frog Platin, T.J., and K.O. Richter. 1995. (Rana pipiens complex) from Arizona. Amphibians as bioindicators of stress Copeia 1979:383–390. associated with watershed urbanization. Pp. Platz, J.E., and J.S. Frost. 1984. Rana 163–170 In Puget Sound Research 95 yavapaiensis, a new species of leopard frog Proceedings, Vol. 1. Puget Sound Water (Rana pipiens complex). Copeia 1984:940– Quality Authority, Olympia, Washington. 948. Platt, D.R. (Chairman of Conservation Platz, J.E., and A. Lathrop. 1993. Body size Committee). 1973. Rare, endangered and and age assessment among advertising male extirpated species in Kansas. 2. chorus frogs. Journal of Herpetology 27:109– Amphibians and reptiles. Transactions of the 111. Kansas Academy of Science 76:185–192. Platz, J.E., and T.A. Grudzien. 2003. Limited Platt, S.G., K.R. Russell, W.E. Snyder, L.W. genetic heterozygosity and status of two Fontenot, and S. Miller. 1999. Distribution populations of the Ramsey Canyon leopard and conservation status of selected frog: Rana subaquavocalis. Journal of amphibians and reptiles in the Piedmont of Herpetology 37:758–761. South Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Platz, J.E., R.W. Clarkson, J.C. Rorabaugh, Mitchell Scientific Society 115:8–19. and D.M. Hillis. 1990. Rana berlandieri: Platz, J.E. 1972. Sympatric interaction between recently introduced populations in Arizona two forms of leopard frog (Rana pipiens and southeastern California. Copeia complex) in Texas. Copeia 1972:232–240. 1990:324–333. Platz, J.E. 1976. Biochemical and Platz, J.E., A. Lathrop, L. Hofbauer, and M. morphological variation of leopard frogs in Vradenburg. 1997. Age distribution and Arizona. Copeia 1976:660–672. longevity in the Ramsey Canyon leopard Platz, J.E. 1981. Suture zone dynamics: Texas frog, Rana subaquavocalis. Journal of populations of Rana berlandieri and R. Herpetology 31:552–557. blairi. Copeia 1981:733–734. Plotkin, M., and R. Atkinson. 1979. Platz, J.E. 1988a. Geographic variation in Geographic distribution. Eleutherodactylus mating call among the four subspecies of the planirostris. Herpetological Review 10:59. chorus frog: Pseudacris triseriata (Wied). Poile, M.E. 1982. The effects of genetic Copeia 1988:1062–1066. similarity and crowding on intraspecific Platz, J.E. 1989. Speciation within the chorus competition in tadpoles. M.A. thesis, frog Pseudacris triseriata: morphometric and University of South Dakota, Vermillion. mating call analyses of the boreal and Polis, G.A., and C.A. Myers. 1985. A survey of western subspecies. Copeia 1989:704–712. intraspecific predation among reptiles and Platz, J.E. 1993. Rana subaquavocalis, a amphibians. Journal of Herpetology 19:99– remarkable new species of leopard frog 107. (Rana pipiens complex) from southeastern Pollard, G.M., C.J. Biggers, and M.J. Harvey. Arizona that calls under water. Journal of 1973. Electrophoretic differentiation of the Herpetology 27: 154–162. parotoid venoms of Bufo americanus and Platz, J.E., and A.L. Platz. 1973. Rana pipiens Bufo woodhousei fowleri. Herpetologica complex: hemoglobin phenotypes of 29:251–253. 232

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Pollet, I., and L.I. Bendell–Young. 2000. and S.P. Lawler. 2008. Evidence of indirect Amphibians as indicators of wetland qualiy impacts of introduced trout on native in wetlands formed from oil sands effluent. amphibians via facilitation of a shared Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry predator. Biological Conservation 141:1321– 19:2589–2597. 1331. Pollio, C.A., and S.L. Kilpatrick. 2002. Status Pope, P.H. 1915. The distribution of the of Pseudacris feriarum in Prince William northern frog, Rana septentrionalis, Baird, in Forest Park, Prince William County, Maine. Copeia (16):1–2. Virginia. Bulletin of the Maryland Pope, P.H. 1919a. A note on the development Herpetological Society 38:55–61. of Pseudacris feriarum (Baird). Copeia Pollister, A.W., and J.A. Moore. 1937. Tables (74):83–84. for the normal development of Rana Pope, P.H. 1919b. Some notes on the sylvatica. Anatomical Record 68:489–496. amphibians of Houston, Texas. Copeia Pomeroy, L.V. 1981. Developmental (76):93–98. polymorphism in the tadpoles of the Pope, S.E., L. Fahrig, and H.G. Merriam. 2000. spadefoot toad Scaphiopus multiplicatus. Landscape complementation and Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, metapopulation effects on leopard frog Riverside. populations. Ecology 81:2498–2508. Pope, C.H. 1964. Amphibians and Reptiles of Pope, T.E.B., and W.E. Dickinson. 1928. The the Chicago Area. Chicago Natural History amphibians and reptiles of Wisconsin. Museum, Chicago. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City Pope, K.L. 1999. Mountain Yellow–legged of Milwaukee 8:1–138. Frog habitat use and movement patterns in a Popescu, V.D., and J.P. Gibbs. 2009. high elevation basin in Kings Canyon Interactions between climate, beaver activity, National Park. M.S. thesis, California and pond occupancy by the cold–adapted Polytechnic State University, San Luis mink frog in New York State, USA. Obispo. Biological Conservation 142:2059–2068. Pope, K.L. 1999b. Rana muscosa (Mountain Popescu, V.D., B.S. Brodie, M.L. Hunter, and Yellow–legged Frog). Diet. Herpetological J.D. Zydlewski. 2012. Use of olfactory cues Review 30:163–164. by newly metamorphosed wood frogs Pope, K.L. 2008. Assessing changes in (Lithobates sylvaticus) during emigration. amphibian population dynamics following Copeia 2012:424–431. experimental manipulations of introduced Porej, D., and T.E. Hetherington. 2005. fish. Conservation Biology 22:1572–1581. Designing wetlands for amphibians: the Pope, K.L., and K.R. Matthews. 2001. importance of predatory fish and shallow Movement ecology and seasonal distribution littoral zones in structuring of amphibian of Mountain Yellow–Legged Frogs, Rana communities. Wetlands Ecology and muscosa, in a high–elevation Sierra Nevada Management 13:445–455. Basin. Copeia 2001:787–793. Porej, D., M. Micacchion, and T.E. Pope, K.L., and K.R. Matthews. 2002. Hetherington. 2004. Core terrestrial habitat Influence of anuran prey on the condition and for conservation of local populations of distribution of Rana muscosa in the Sierra salamanders and wood frogs in agricultural Nevada. Herpetologica 58:354–363. landscapes. Biological Conservation Pope, K.L., J.M. Garwood, H.H. Welsh, Jr., 120:399–409. 233

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Porter, K.R. 1961. Experimental crosses metamorphic change in activity metabolism between Rana aurora aurora Baird and of anurans in relation to life history. Girard and Rana cascadae Slater. Oecologia 65:138–144. Herpetologica 17:156–165. Powell, K.G. 2002. Watersheds and water Porter, K.R. 1964. Morphological and mating quality as determinants of anuran distribution call comparisons in the Bufo valliceps in western Newfoundland. Master’s thesis, complex. American Midland Naturalist Memorial University of Newfoundland, 71:232–245. Corner Brook, Newfoundland. Porter, K.R. 1968. Evolutionary status of a Powell, R., J.T. Collins and E.D. Hooper, Jr. relict population of Bufo hemiophrys Cope. 2012. Key to the Herpetofauna of the Evolution 22:583–594. Continental United States and Canada. Porter, K.R. 1969a. Description of Rana Second edition, revised and updated. maslini, a new species of wood frog. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence. Herpetologica 25:212–215. Powell, R.L., and C.S. Lieb. 2003. Hyla Porter, K.R. 1969b. Evolutionary status of the arenicolor (Canyon Tree Frog). Toxic skin Rocky Mountain population of wood frogs. secretion. Herpetological Review 34:230. Evolution 23:163–170. Pramuk, J.B., T. Robertson, J.W. Sites, Jr., and Porter, K.R., and W.F. Pyburn. 1967. Venom B.P. Noonan. 2007. Around the world in 10 comparison and relationships of twenty million years: biogeography of the nearly species of New World toads (genus Bufo). cosmopolitan true toads (Anura: Bufonidae). Copeia 1967:298–307. Global Ecology and Biogeography 17:72–83. Porter, K.R., and D.E. Hakanson. 1976. Prather, J.W., and J.T. Briggler. 2001. Use of Toxicity of mine drainage to embryonic and small caves by anurans during a drought larval boreal toads (Bufonidae: Bufo boreas). period in the Arkansas Ozarks. Journal of Copeia 1976:327–331. Herpetology 35:675–678. Post, D.D. 1972. Species differentiation in the Preble, E.A. 1902. A biological investigation of Rana pipiens complex. Ph.D. dissertation, the Hudson Bay Region. North American Colorado State University, Fort Collins. Fauna 22:1–140. Post, D.D., and D. Pettus. 1966. Variation in Preble, E.A. 1908. Reptiles and batrachians of Rana pipiens (Anura: Ranidae) of eastern the Athabaska–MacKenzie region. North Colorado. Southwestern Naturalist 11:476– American Fauna 27:500–502. 482. Preston, D.L., J.S. Henderson, and P.T.J. Post, D.D., and D. Pettus. 1967. Sympatry of Johnson. 2012. Community ecology of two members of the Rana pipiens complex in invasions: direct and indirect effects of Colorado. Herpetologica 23:323. multiple invasive species on aquatic Post, T.J., and T. Uzzell. 1981. The communities. Ecology 93:1254–1261. relationships of Rana sylvatica and the Preston, W.B. 1982. The Amphibians and monophyly of the Rana boylii group. Reptiles of Manitoba. Manitoba Museum of Systematic Zoology 30:170–180. Man and Science, Winnipeg. Potthoff, T.L., and J.D. Lynch. 1986. Prestwich, K.N., K.E. Brugger, and M. Interpopulation variability in mouthparts of Topping. 1989. Energy and communication Scaphiopus bombifrons in Nebraska in three species of hylid frogs: power input, (Amphibia: Pelobatidae). Prairie Naturalist power output and efficiency. Journal of 18:15. Experimental Biology 144:53–80. Pough, F.H., and S. Kamel. 1984. Post– Price, A.H. 2003. The Houston toad in Bastrop 234

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State Park 1990–2002: a narrative. Texas Ptacek, M.B. 1996. Interspecific similarity in Parks and Wildlife Department, Open File life–history traits in symparic populations of Report 03–0401. gray treefrogs, Hyla chrysoscelis and Hyla Price, R.M., and E.R. Meyer. 1979. An versicolor. Herpetologica 52:323–332. amplexus call made by the male American Ptacek, M. B., H. C. Gerhardt, and R. D. Sage. toad, Bufo americanus americanus 1994. Speciation by polyploidy in treefrogs: (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Journal of multiple origins of the tetraploid, Hyla Herpetology 13:506–509. versicolor. Evolution 48: 898–908. Price, S.J., D.R. Marks, R.W. Howe, J.M. Puglis, H.J., and M.D. Boone. 2011. Effects of Hanowski, and G.J. Niemi. 2004. The technical grade active ingredients vs. importance of spatial scale for conservation commercial formulation of seven pesticides and assessment of anuran populations in in the presence or absence of UV radiation on coastal wetlands of the western Great Lakes, survival of green frog tadpoles. Archives of USA. Landscape Ecology 20:441–454. Environmental Contamination and Priddy, J.M., and D.D. Culley, Jr. 1971. The Toxicology 60:145–155. frog culture industry, past and present. Puglis, H.J., and M.D. Boone. 2012. Effects of Proceedings Annual Conference of the terrestrial buffer zones on amphibians on golf Southeastern Association of Game and Fish courses. PLoS One 7:e39590. Commissioners 25:597–601. Pulis, E.E., V.V. Tkach, and R.A. Neuman. Priestley, A.S., T.A. Gorman, and C.A. Haas. 2011. Helminth parasites of the wood frog, 2010. Comparative morphology and Lithobates sylvaticus, in prairie pothole identification of Florida bog frog and bronze wetlands of the northern Great Plains. frog tadpoles. Florida Scientist 73:20–26. Wetlands 31:675–685. Provenzano, S.E., and M.D. Boone. 2009. Pullen, K.D., A.M. Best, and J.L. Ware. 2010. Effects of density on metamorphosis of Amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium bullfrogs in a single season. Journal of dendrobatidis prevalence is correlated with Herpetology 43:49–54. season and not urbanization in central Pryor, G.S. 2003a. Growth rates and digestive Virginia. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms abilities of bullfrog tadpoles (Rana 91:9–16. catesbeiana) fed algal diets. Journal of Punzo, F. 1991a. Feeding ecology of Herpetology 37:560–566. spadefooted toads (Scaphiopus couchi and Pryor, G.S. 2003b. Roles of gastrointestinal Spea multiplicata) in western Texas. symbionts in nutrition, digestion, and Herpetological Review 22:79–80. development of bullfrog tadpoles (Rana Punzo, F. 1991b. Group learning in tadpoles of catesbeiana). Ph.D. dissertation, University Rana heckscheri (Anura: Ranidae). Journal of Florida, Gainesville. of Herpetology 25:214–217. Pryor, G.S. 2008. Anaerobic bacteria isolated Punzo, F. 1992a. Dietary overlap and activity from the gastrointestinal tracts of bullfrog patterns in sympatric populations of tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana). Herpetological Scaphiopus holbrooki (Pelobatidae) and Conservation and Biology 3:176–181. Bufo terrestris (Bufonidae). Florida Scientist Ptacek, M.B. 1992. Calling sites used by male 55:38–44. gray treefrogs, Hyla versicolor and Hyla Punzo, F. 1992b. Socially facilitated behavior chrysoscelis, in sympatry and allopatry in in tadpoles of Rana catesbeiana and Rana Missouri. Herpetologica 48:373–382. heckscheri. Journal of Herpetology 26:219– 235

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222. Activity responses of anurans to dehydration. Punzo, F. 1993a. Effect of mercuric chloride on Copeia 1977:746–749. fertilization and larval development in the Puttlitz, M.H., D.P. Chivers, J.M. Kiesecker, river frog, Rana heckscheri (Wright) (Anura: and A.R. Blaustein. 1999. Threat–sensitive Ranidae). Bulletin of Environmental predator avoidance by larval Pacific treefrogs Contamination and Toxicology 51:575–581. (Amphibia, Hylidae). Ethology 105: 449– Punzo, F. 1993b. Ovarian effects of a sublethal 456. concentration of mercuric chloride in the Pyburn, W.F. 1958. Size and movements of a river frog, Rana heckscheri (Anura: local population of cricket frogs (Acris Ranidae). Bulletin of Environmental crepitans). Texas Journal of Science Contamination and Toxicology 50:385–391. 10:325–342. Punzo, F. 1995. An analysis of feeding in the Pyburn, W.F. 1960. Hybridization between oak toad, Bufo quercicus (Holbrook) (Anura: Hyla versicolor and H. femoralis. Copeia Bufonidae). Florida Scientist 58:16–20. 1960:55–56. Punzo, F., and L. Lindstrom. 2001. The Pyburn, W.F. 1961a. The inheritance and toxicity of eggs of the giant toad, Bufo distribution of vertebral stripe color in the marinus, to aquatic predators in a Florida cricket frog. Pp. 235–261 In W.F. Blair (ed.), retention pond. Journal of Herpetology Vertebrate Speciation, University of Texas 35:693–697. Press, Austin. Punzo, F., J. Laveglia, D. Lohr, and P.A. Pyburn, W.F. 1961b. Inheritance of the green Dahm. 1979. Organochlorine insecticide vertebral stripe in Acris crepitans. residues in amphibians and reptiles from Southwestern Naturalist 6:164–167. Iowa and lizards from the Southwestern Pyburn, W.F., and J.P. Kennedy. 1960. United States. Bulletin of Environmental Artificial hybridization of the Gray Treefrog, Contamination and Toxicology 21:842–848. Hyla versicolor (Hylidae). American Purcell, J.W. 1968. Embryonic temperature Midland Naturalist 64:216–223. adaptations in southwestern populations of Pyburn, W.F., and J.P. Kennedy. 1961. Rana pipiens. M.S. thesis, Texas Tech Hybridization in U.S. treefrogs of the genus University, Lubbock. Hyla. Proceedings of the Biological Society Purgue, A.P. 1997. Tympanic sound radiation of Washington 74:157–160. in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Journal of Pytel, B.A. 1986. Biochemical systematics of Comparative Physiology 181A:438–445. the eastern North American frogs of the Purrenhage, J.L. 2009. Importance of habitat genus Rana. Herpetologica 42:273–282. structure for pond–breeding amphibians in Quaintance, C.W. 1935. Reptiles and multiple life stages. Ph.D. dissertation, amphibians from Eagle Creek, Greenlee Miami University, Oxford, Ohio. County, Arizona. Copeia 1935:183–185. Purrenhage, J.L., and M.D. Boone. 2009. Quaranta, A., V. Bellantuono, G. Cassano, and Amphibian community response to variation C. Lippe. 2009. Why amphibians are more in habitat structure and competitor density. sensitive than mammals to xenobiotics. PLoS Herpetologica 65:14–30. One 4(11):e7699. Putnam, R.F., and A.F. Bennett. 1981. Thermal Quinby, J.A. 1954. Rana sylvatica sylvatica Le dependence of behavioural performance of Conte in South Carolina. Herpetologica anuran amphibians. Animal Behaviour 10:87–88. 29:502–509. Quinn, H. 1979. The Rio Grande chirping frog, Putnam, R.W., and S.S. Hillman. 1977. Syrrhophus cystignathoides campi 236

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(Amphibia, Leptodactylidae), from Houston, Raffel, T.R., J.T. Hoverman, N.T. Halstead, Texas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy P.J. Michel, and J.R. Rohr. 2010. Parasitism of Sciences 82:209–210. in a community context: trait‐mediated Quinn, H. 1980. Captive propagation of interactions with competition and predation. endangered Houston toads. Herpetological Ecology 91:1900–1907. Review 11:109.[reprinted from AAZPA Raffel, T.R., J.O. Lloyd–Smith, S.K. Sessions, Newsletter 21(5)] P.J. Hudson, and J.R. Rohr. 2011. Does the Quinn, H.R., and G. Mengden. 1984. early frog catch the worm? Disentangling Reproduction and growth of Bufo potential drivers of a parasite age–intensity houstonensis (Bufonidae). Southwestern relationship in tadpoles. Oecologia Naturalist 29:189–195. 165:1031–1042. Quinn, H., K. Peterson, S. Mays, P. Freed, and Rafferty, K.A., Jr. 1964. Kidney tumors of the K. Neitman. 1989. Captive propagation/ leopard frog: a review. Cancer Research release and relocation program of the 24:169–185. endangered Houston toad, Bufo houstonensis. Raimondo, S.M., C.L. Rowe, and J.D. Proceedings of the 1989 American Congdon. 1998. Exposure to coal ash impacts Association of Zoological Parks and swimming performance and predator Aquariums National Conference, pp. 457– avoidance in larval bullfrogs (Rana 459. catesbeiana). Journal of Herpetology Rabinowe, J.H., J.T. Serra, M.P. Hayes, and T. 32:289–292. Quinn. 2002. Rana aurora aurora (Northern Raithel, C.J., P.W.C. Paton, P.S. Pooler, and Red–legged Frog). Diet. Herpetological F.C. Golet. 2011. Assessing long–term Review 33:128. population trends of wood frogs using egg– Rachowicz, L.J. 2002. Mouthpart pigmentation mass counts. Journal of Herpetology in Rana muscosa tadpoles: seasonal changes 45:23–27. without chytridiomycosis. Herpetological Ralin, D.B. 1968. Ecological and reproductive Review 33:263–265. differentiation in the cryptic species of the Rachowicz, L.J., and V.T. Vredenburg. 2004. Hyla versicolor complex (Hylidae). Transmission of Batrachochytrium Southwestern Naturalist 13:283–300. dendrobatidis within and between amphibian Ralin, D.B. 1972. Genetic compatibility and a life stages. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms phylogeny of the temperate North American 61:75–83. hylid fauna. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Rachowicz, L.J., and C.J. Briggs. 2007. Texas, Austin. Quantifying the disease transmission Ralin, D.B. 1976a. Comparative hybridization function: effects of density on of a diploid–tetraploid cryptic species pair of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis treefrogs. Copeia 1976:191–196. transmission in the mountain yellow–legged Ralin, D.B. 1976b. Behavioral and genetic frog Rana muscosa. Journal of Animal differentiationin a diploid–tetraploid complex Ecology 76:711–721. of treefrogs. Herpetological Review 7:97–98. Rachowicz, L.J., R.A. Knapp, J.A.T. Morgan, Ralin, D.B. 1977a. Evolutionary aspects of M.J. Stice, V.T. Vredenburg, J.M. Parker, mating call variation in a diploid–tetraploid and C.J. Briggs. 2006. Emerging infectious species complex of treefrogs (Anura). disease as a proximate cause of amphibian Evolution 31:721–736. mass mortality. Ecology 87:1671–1683. Ralin, D.B. 1977b. Hybridization of Hyla 237

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cinerea of the United States and H. arborea Rand, A.S. 1950. Leopard frogs in caves in savignyi (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) of winter. Copeia 1950:324. Israel. Journal of Herpetology 11:105–106. Raney, E.C. 1940. Summer movements of the Ralin, D.B. 1978. “Resolution” of the diploid– bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana Shaw, as tetraploid tree frogs. Science 202:335–336. determined by the jaw–tag method. Ralin, D.B., and J.S. Rogers. 1972. Aspects of American Midland Naturalist 23:733–745. tolerance to desiccation in Acris crepitans Raney, E.C., and W.M. Ingram. 1941. Growth and Pseudacris streckeri. Copeia 1972:519– of tagged frogs (Rana catesbeiana Shaw and 528. Rana clamitans Daudin) under natural Ralin, D.B., and J.S. Rogers. 1979. A conditions. American Midland Naturalist morphological analysis of a North American 26:201–206. diploid–tetraploid complex of treefrogs Raney, E.C., and E.A. Lachner. 1947. Studies (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Journal of on the growth of tagged toads (Bufo terrestris Herpetology 13:261–269. americanus Holbrook). Copeia 1947:113– Ralin, D.B., and R.K. Selander. 1979. 116. Evolutionary genetics of diploid–tetraploid Raphael, M.C. 1988. Long–term trends in species of treefrogs of the genus Hyla. abundance of amphibians, reptiles, and Evolution 33:595–608. mammals in Douglas–fir forests of Raloff, J. 2003. Hawaii’s hated frogs: tiny northwestern California. Pp. 23–31 In R.C. invaders raise a big ruckus. Science News Szaro, K.E. Severson, and D.R. Patton (eds.), 163:11–13. Management of Amphibians, Reptiles, and Ralph, C.L. 1978. Non–optic phototaxis of Small Mammals in North America. USDA two species of ranid frogs (Amphibia, Anura, Forest Service General and Technical Report Ranidae) with special attention to the RM–166. parapineal organ. Journal of Herpetology Rathbun, G.B. 1998. Rana aurora draytonii 12:197–201. (California Red–legged Frog). Egg predation. Ramer, J.D., T.A. Jenssen, and C.J. Hurst. Herpetological Review 29:165. 1983. Size–related variation in the Rathbun, G.B., and J. Schneider. 2001. advertisement call of Rana clamitans Translocation of California red–legged frogs (Anura:Ranidae), and its effect on (Rana aurora draytonii). Wildlife Society conspecific males. Copeia 1983:141–155. Bulletin 29:1300–1303. Ramesh, R., K. Griffis–Kyle, G. Perry, and M. Rathbun, G.B., N.J. Scott, Jr., and T.G. Farmer. 2012. Urban amphibians of the Murphy. 1997. Rana aurora draytonii Texas Panhandle: baseline inventory and (California Red–legged Frog). Behavior. habitat associations in a drought year. Herpetological Review 28:85–86. Reptiles & Amphibians 19:243–253. Ratzlaff, K. 2012. Dynamics of chytrid fungus Ramirez, E.A., H. J. Puglis, A. Ritzenthaler, (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) infection M. Boone. 2012. Terrestrial movements and in amphibians in the Rincon Mountains and habitat preferences of male cricket frogs on a Tucson, Arizona. M.S. thesis, University of golf course. Copeia 2012:191–196. Arizona, Tucson. Ramsey, J.P. 2011. Amphibian immune Raun, G.G. 1959. Terrestrial and aquatic defenses against Batrachochytrium vertebrates of a moist, relict area in central dendrobatidis: a war between host and Texas. Texas Journal of Science 11:158–171. pathogen. Ph.D. dissertation, Vanderbilt Raun, G.G., and F.R. Gehlbach. 1972. University, Nashville, Tennessee. Amphibians and reptiles in Texas. 238

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Taxonomic synopsis, bibliography, county Herpetological Review 23:58–59. distribution maps. Dallas Museum of Natural Redmer, M. 1996. Locality records of the History, Bulletin 2. northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens, in Raveling, D.G. 1965. Variation in a sample of central and southwestern Illinois. Bufo americanus from southwestern Illinois. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Herpetologica 21:219–225. Sciences 89:215–219. Ray, J.E., D. Preston, and M.L. McCallum. Redmer, M. 1998a. Status and distribution of 2006. Bufo nebulifer (Coastal Plains Toad). two uncommon frogs, Pickerel Frogs and Urban road mortality. Herpetological Review Wood Frogs, in Illinois. Pp. 83–90 In M.J. 37:442. Lannoo (ed.), Status & Conservation of Reagan, D.P. 1974. Threatened native Midwestern Amphibians. University of Iowa amphibians of Arkansas. Pp. 93–99 In Press, Iowa City. Arkansas Natural Area Plan, Arkansas Redmer, M. 1998b. Hyla avivoca (Bird–voiced Department of Planning, Little Rock. Treefrog). Amplexus and oviposition. Reaser, J.K. 1996. Rana pretiosa (Spotted Herpetological Review 29:230–231. frog). Vagility. Herpetological Review Redmer, M. 2000. Demographic and 27:196–197. reproductive characteristics of a southern Reaser, J.K. 2000. Demographic analysis of the Illinois population of the crayfish frog, Rana Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris): areolata. Journal of the Iowa Academy of case study in spatiotemporal variation. Science 107:128–133. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78:1158–1167. Redmer, M. 2002. Natural history of the wood Reaser, J.K., and R.E. Dexter. 1996. Rana frog (Rana sylvatica) in the Shawnee pretiosa (Spotted Frog). Predation. National Forest, southern Illinois. Illinois Herpetological Review 27:75. Natural History Survey Bulletin 36:163–194. Reaser, J.K., and W.F. Knight. 2001. Bufo Redmer, M., and S.E. Trauth. 2005. Rana marinus (Giant Toad). Association with sylvatica LeConte, 1825. Wood Frog. Pp. Oscars (Astronotus oscellatus). 590–593 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian Herpetological Review 32:180. Declines. The Conservation Status of United Recuero, E., I. Martínez–Solano, G. Parra– States Species. University of California Olea, and M. García–París. 2006a. Press, Berkeley. Phylogeography of Pseudacris regilla Redmer, M., L.E. Brown, and R.A. Brandon. (Anura: Hylidae) in western North America, 1999a. Natural history of the bird–voiced with a proposal for a new taxonomic treefrog (Hyla avivoca) and green treefrog rearrangement. Molecular Phylogenetics and (Hyla cinerea) in southern Illinois. Illinois Evolution 39:293–304. Natural History Survey Bulletin 36:37–66. Recuero, E., I. Martínez–Solano, G. Parra– Redmer, M., D.H. Jamieson, and S.E. Trauth. Olea, and M. García–París. 2006b. 1999b. Notes on the diet of female bird– Corrigendum to “Phylogeography of voiced treefrogs (Hyla avivoca) in southern Pseudacris regilla (Anura: Hylidae) in Illinois. Transactions of the Illinois State western North America, with a proposal for a Academy of Sciences 92:271–275. new taxonomic rearrangement.” Molecular Redmond, W.H., and R.H. Mount. 1975. A Phylogenetics and Evolution 41:511. biogeographic analysis of the herpetofauna of Redmer, M. 1992. Rana sphenocephala the Coosa Valley in Alabama. Journal of (Southern Leopard Frog). Variation. the Alabama Academy of Science 46:65–81. 239

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Redmond, W.H., and A.F. Scott. 1996. Atlas of proximity increases risk of skeletal Amphibians in Tennessee. Center for Field abnormalities in wood frogs from National Biology, Austin Peay State University, Wildlife Refuges in Alaska. Environmental Miscellaneous Publication No. 12. Health Perspectives 116:1009–1015. Reed, C.F. 1957. Rana virgatipes in southern Reeves, M.K., P. Jensen, C. L. Dolph, M. Maryland, with notes upon its range from Holyoak, and K. A. Trust. 2010. Multiple New Jersey to Georgia. Herpetologica stressors and the cause of amphibian 13:137–138. abnormalities. Ecological Monographs 80: Reed, C.F. 1960. New records for Hyla cinerea 423–440. in Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, and North Reeves, M.K., M. Perdue, G. D. Blakemore, D. Carolina. Herpetologica 16:119–120. J. Rinella, and M. Holyoak. 2011. Twice as Reeder, A.L., G.L. Foley, D.K. Nichols, L.G. easy to catch? A toxicant and a predator cue Hansen, B. Wikoff, S. Faeh, J. Eisold, M.B. cause additive reductions in larval amphibian Wheeler, R. Warner, J.E. Murphy, and V.R. activity. Ecosphere 2:1–20. Beasley. 1998. Forms and prevalence of Regan, G.T. 1972. Natural and man–made intersexuality and effects of environmental conditions determining the range of Acris. contaminants on sexuality in cricket frogs Ph.D. dissertation University of Kansas, (Acris crepitans). Environmental Health Lawrence. Perspectives 106:261–266. Regosin, J.V., B.S. Windmiller, and J.M. Reed. Reeder, A.L., M.O. Ruiz, A. Pessier, L.E. 2003. Terrestrial habitat use and winter Brown, J.M. Levengood, C.A. Phillips, M.B. densities of the wood frog (Rana sylvatica). Wheeler, R.E. Warner, and V.R. Beasley. Journal of Herpetology 37:390–394. 2005. Intersexuality and the cricket frog Regosin, J.V., B. S. Windmiller, R. N. Homan, decline: historic and geographic trends. and J. M. Reed. 2005. Variation in terrestrial Environmental Health Perspectives 113:261– habitat use by four pool–breeding amphibian 265. species. Journal of Wildlife Management Reeder, N.M.M., A.P. Pessier, and V.T. 69:1481–1493. Vredenburg. 2012. A reservoir species for the Reichard, S.M., and H.M. Stevenson. 1964. emerging amphibian pathogen Records of Eleutherodactylus ricordi at Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis thrives in a Tallahassee. Florida Naturalist 37(3):96–B landscape decimated by disease. PLoS One (inside back cover) 7:e33567. Reichert, M.S. 2011. Aggressive calling in Reeves, M.K. 2008. Batrachochytrium Treefrogs. Ph.D. dissertation, University of dendrobatidis in wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) Missouri, Columbia. from three National Wildlife Refuges in Reichert, M.S., and H.C. Gerhardt. 2011. The Alaska, USA. Herpetological Review 39:68– role of body size on the outcome, escalation 70. and duration of contests in the grey treefrog, Reeves, M.K. 2010. Multiple stressors and the Hyla versicolor. Animal Behaviour 82:1357– cause of amphibian abnormalities. Ph.D. 1366. dissertation, University of California, Davis. Reichert, M.S., and H.C. Gerhardt. 2012. Reeves, M.K., and D.E. Green. 2006. Rana Trade–offs and upper limits to signal sylvatica (Wood Frog). Chytridiomycosis. performance during close–range vocal Herpetological Review 37:450. competition in gray tree frogs Hyla Reeves, M.K., C.L. Dolph, H. Zimmer, R.S. versicolor. American Naturalist 180:425– Tjeerdema, and K.A. Trust. 2008. Road 437. 240

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Reichling, S.B. 2008. Reptiles & Amphibians predator–induced changes in wood frog of the Southern Pine Woods. University populations. Ecological Monographs 72:77– Press of Florida, Gainesville. 93. Reilly, B.O., and P.T.K. Woo. 1982. The Relyea, R. A. 2002c. Costs of phenotypic biology of Trympanosoma andersoni n. sp. plasticity. American Naturalist 159:272–282. and Trympanosoma grylli Nigrelli, 1944 Relyea, R. A. 2002d. The many faces of (Kinoplastidia) from Hyla versicolor predation: How selection, induction, and LeConte, 1825 (Anura). Canadian Journal of thinning combine to alter prey phenotypes. Zoology 60:116–123. Ecology 83:1953–1964. Reimchen, T.E. 1990. Introduction and Relyea, R. A. 2003a. How prey respond to dispersal of the Pacific treefrog, Hyla regilla, combined predators: A review and an on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British empirical test. Ecology 84:1827–1839. Columbia. Canadian Field–Naturalist Relyea, R. A. 2003b. Predator cues and 105:288–290. pesticides: A double dose of danger for Reintjes–Tolen, S. 2012. Geographic amphibians. Ecological Applications distribution of chytrid fungus 13:1515–1521. (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) and Relyea, R. A. 2003c. Predators come and Ranavirus spp. in amphibians in northern predators go: The reversibility of predator– peninsular and panhandle Florida: with a induced traits. Ecology 84:1840–1848. case of a ranavirus die–off in Gold Head Relyea, R.A. 2004a. Fine–tuned phenotypes: Branch State Park. Ph.D. dissertation, tadpole plasticity under 16 combinations of University of Florida, Gainesville. predators and competitors. Ecology 85:172– Relyea, R.A. 2000. Trait–mediated indirect 179. effects in larval anurans: reversing Relyea, R.A. 2004b. Synergistic impacts of competition with the threat of predation. malathion and predatory stress on six species Ecology 81:2278–2289. of North American tadpoles. Environmental Relyea, R.A. 2001a. The relationship between Toxicology and Chemistry 23:1080–1084. predation risk and antipredator responses in Relyea, R. A. 2004c. The growth and survival larval anurans. Ecology 82:541–554. of five amphibian species exposed to Relyea, R.A. 2001b. Morphological and combinations of pesticides. Environmental behavioral plasticity of larval anurans in Toxicology and Chemistry 23:1737–1742. response to different predators. Ecology Relyea, R.A. 2005a. The lethal impact of 82:523–540. Roundup on aquatic and terrestrial Relyea, R.A. 2001c. The lasting effects of amphibians. Ecological Applications adaptive plasticity: predator–induced 15:1118–1124. tadpoles become long–legged frogs. Ecology Relyea, R.A. 2005b. The impact of insecticides 82:1947–1953. and herbicides on the biodiversity and Relyea, R.A. 2002a. Competitor–induced productivity of aquatic communities. plasticity in tadpoles: consequences, cues, Ecological Applications 15:618–627. and connections to predator–induced Relyea, R. A. 2005c. The heritability of plasticity. Ecological Monographs 72:523– inducible defenses in tadpoles. Journal of 540. Evolutionary Biology 18:856–866. Relyea, R.A. 2002b. Local population Relyea, R. A. 2005d. The lethal impacts of differences in phenotypic plasticity: Roundup and predatory stress on six species 241

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of North American tadpoles. Archives of frogs. Oecologia 134:596–604. Environmental Contamination and Relyea, R.A., and J.R. Auld. 2004. Having the Toxicology 48:351–357. guts to compete: how intestinal plasticity Relyea, R.A. 2005e. Pesticides and explains costs of inducible defenses. Ecology amphibians: the importance of community Letters 7:869–875. context. Ecological Applications 15:1125– Relyea, R.A., and J.R. Auld. 2005. Predator– 1134. and competitor–induced plasticity: how Relyea, R. A. 2006. The effects of pesticides, changes in foraging morphology affect pH and predatory stress in amphibians under phenotypic trade–offs. Ecology 86:1723– mesocosm conditions. Ecotoxicology 1729. 15:503–511. Relyea, R.A., and N. Diecks. 2008. An Relyea, R.A. 2007. Getting out alive: how unforeseen chain of events: Lethal effects of predators affect the decision to pesticides at sublethal concentrations. metamorphose. Oecologia 152:389–400. Ecological Applications 18:1728–1742. Relyea, R.A. 2009. A cocktail of contaminants: Relyea, R.A., and J.T. Hoverman. 2008. how mixtures of pesticides at low Interactive effects of predators and a concentrations affect aquatic communities. pesticide on aquatic communities. Oikos Oecologia 159:363–376. 117:1647–1658. Relyea, R. A. 2012. New effects of Roundup® Relyea, R.A., and D. K. Jones. 2009. The on amphibians: Predators reduce herbicide toxicity of Roundup Original MAX® to 13 mortality while herbicides induce anti– species of larval amphibians. Environmental predator morphology. Ecological Toxicology and Chemistry 28:2004–2008. Applications 22:634–647. Relyea, R.A., and K. Edwards. 2010. What Relyea, R.A., and E.E. Werner. 1999. doesn’t kill you makes you sluggish: how Quantifying the relation between predator– sublethal pesticides alter predator–prey induced behavior and growth performance in interactions. Copeia 2010:558–567. larval amphibians. Ecology 80:2117–2124. Relyea, R.A., N.M. Schoeppner, and J.T. Relyea, R. A., and E. E. Werner. 2000. Hoverman. 2005. Pesticides and amphibians: Morphological plasticity of four larval the importance of community context. anurans distributed along an environmental Ecological Applications 15:1125–1134. gradient. Copeia 2000:178–190. Renaud, M. 1977. Polymorphic and polytypic Relyea, R.A., and N. Mills. 2001. Predator– variation in the Arizona treefrog (Hyla induced stress makes the pesticide carbaryl wrightorum). Ph.D. dissertation, Arizona more deadly to gray treefrog tadpoles (Hyla State University, Tempe. versicolor). Proceedings of the National Resetarits, W.J., Jr. 1986. Ecology of cave use Academy of Sciences, USA 98:2491– by the frog, Rana palustris. American 2496. Midland Naturalist 116: 256–266. Relyea, R. A., and K. L. Yurewicz. 2002. Resetarits, W.J., Jr. 1998. Differential Predicting community outcomes from vulnerability of Hyla chrysoscelis eggs and pairwise interactions: Integrating density– hatchlings to larval insect predators. Journal and trait–mediated effects. Oecologia of Herpetology 32:440–443. 131:569–579. Resetarits, W.J., Jr. 2005. Habitat selection Relyea, R. A., and J. T. Hoverman. 2003. The behaviour links local and regional scales in impact of larval predators and competitors on aquatic systems. Ecology Letters 8:480–486. the morphology and fitness of juvenile tree Resetarits, W.J., Jr., and R. D. Aldridge. 1988. 242

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Reproductive biology of a cave associated green treefrog: a variable mechanism? population of the frog, Rana palustris. Naturwissenschaften 68:430–431. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66:329–333. Rhoads, S.N. 1895. Contributions to the Resetarits, W.J., Jr., and H.M. Wilbur. 1989. zoology of Tennessee. 1. Reptiles and Choice of oviposition site by Hyla amphibians. Proceedings of the Academy of chrysoscelis: role of predators and Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 47:376–407. competitors. Ecology 70:220–228. Rhoden, R H., and M. G. Bolek. 2011. Resetarits, W.J., Jr., and H.M. Wilbur. 1991. Distribution and reproductive strategies of Calling site choice by Hyla chrysoscelis: Gyrinicola batrachiensis (Oxyuroidea: effects of predators, competitors, and Pharyngodonidae) in larvae of eight species oviposition sites. Ecology 72:778–786. of amphibians from Nebraska. Journal of Resetarits, W.J., Jr., and J.E. Fauth. 1998. Parasitology 97: 629–635. From cattle tanks to Carolina Bays. The Rhoden, R.H., and M. G. Bolek. 2012. utility of model systems for understanding Helminth and leech community structure in natural communities. Pp. 133–151 In W.J. tadpoles and caudatan larvae of two Resetarits, Jr. and J. Bernardo (eds.), amphibian species from western Nebraska. Experimental Ecology. Issues and Journal of Parasitology 98: 236–244. Perspectives. Oxford University Press, New Rice, A.M., A.R. Leichty, and D.W. Pfennig. York. 2009. Parallel evolution and ecological Resetarits, W.J., Jr., and D. R. Chalcraft. 2007. selection: replicated character displacement Functional diversity within a in spadefoot toads. Proceedings of the Royal morphologically conservative genus of Society, London B 276:4189–4196. predators: implications for functional Rice, A.N., T.L. Roberts IV, J.G. Pritchard, equivalence and redundancy in ecological and M.E. Dorcas. 2001. Historical trends and communities. Functional Ecology 21:793– perceptions of amphibian and reptile 804. diversity in the western Piedmont of North Resetarits, W.J., Jr., J. F. Rieger, and C.A. Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Binckley. 2004. Threat of predation negates Scientific Society 117:264–273. density effects in larval gray treefrogs. Rice, K.G., J.H. Waddle, M.W. Miller, M.E. Oecologia 138:532–538. Crockett, F.J. Mazzotti, and H.F. Percival. Resnick, L.E., and D.L. Jameson. 1963. Color 2011. Recovery of native treefrogs after polymorphism in Pacific tree frogs. Science removal of nonindigenous Cuban treefrogs, 142:1081–1083. Osteopilus septentrionalis. Herpetologica Reynolds, T.D., and T.D. Stephens. 1984. 67:105–117. Multiple ectopic limbs in a wild population Rice, T.M., and D.H. Taylor. 1995. A simple of Hyla regilla. Great Basin Naturalist test of prey discrimination that demonstrates 44:166–169. learning in postlarval ranid frogs. Journal of Rheinlaender, J., H.C. Gerhardt, D.D. Yager, Herpetology 29:320–322. and R.R. Capranica. 1979. Accuracy of Richards, C.M. 1958. The inhibition of growth phonotaxis by the green treefrog (Hyla in crowded Rana pipiens tadpoles. cinerea). Journal of Comparative Physiology Physiological Zoology 31:138–151. 133:247–255. Richards, C.M. 1962. The control of tadpole Rheinlaender, J., W. Walkowiak, and H.C. growth by alga–like cells. Physiological Gerhardt. 1981. Directional hearing in the Zoology 35:285–296. 243

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Richards, C.M., and G.C. Lehman. 1980. 4:627–642. Photoperiodic stimulation of growth in Richmond, A.M., T. Tyning, and A.P. postmetamorphic Rana pipiens. Copeia Summers. 1999. Bufo americanus (American 1980:147–149. Toad). Depth record. Herpetological Review Richards, C.M., and G.W. Nace. 1983. Dark 30:90–91. pigment variants in anurans: classification, Richmond, N.D. 1947. Life history of new descriptions, color changes and Scaphiopus holbrookii holbrookii (Harlan). 1. inheritance. Copeia 1983:979–990. Larval development and behavior. Ecology Richards, C.M., D.T. Tartof, and G.W. Nace. 28:53–67. 1969. A melanoid variant in Rana pipiens. Richmond, N.D. 1952. An addition to the Copeia 1969:850–852. herpetofauna of Nova Scotia, and other Richards, L.P. 1958. Some locality records of records of amphibians and reptiles on Cape Yosemite herps. Yosemite Nature Notes Breton Island. Annals of the Carnegie 37(9):118–126. Museum 32:331–332. Richards–Hrdlicka, K.L., J.L. Richardson, and Richmond, N.D. 1964. The green frog (Rana L. Mohabir. 2012. First survey for the clamitans melanota) developing in one amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium season. Herpetologica 20:132. dendrobatidis in Connecticut (USA) finds Richmond, N.D., and C.J. Goin. 1938. Notes widespread prevalence. Diseases of Aquatic on a collection of amphibians and reptiles Organisms 102:169–180. from New Kent County, Virginia. Annals of Richardson, J. 2011. Movement, habitat use, the Carnegie Museum 27:301–310. and dispersal of juvenile Oregon spotted Richter, J., L. Martin, and C.K. Beachy. 2009. frogs (Rana pretiosa) on Joint Base Lewis Increased larval density induces accelerated McChord. M.E.S. thesis, Evergreen State metamorphosis independently of growth rate University, Olympia, Washington. in the frog Rana sphenocephala. Journal of Richardson, J.L. 2012a. The evolutionary Herpetology 43:551–554. ecology of pond–breeding amphibians: From Richter, K.O., and A.L. Azous. 1995. local populations to regional landscapes. Amphibian occurrence and wetland Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University, New characteristics in the Puget Sound Basin. Haven, Connecticut. Wetlands 15:305–312. Richardson, J.L. 2012b. Divergent landscape Richter, S.C. 2000. Larval predation effects on population connectivity in two co– on the eggs and embryos of Rana capito and occurring amphibian species. Molecular Rana sphenocephala. Journal of Herpetology Ecology 21: 4437–4451. 34:590–593. Richardson, J.M.L. 2001. A comparative study Richter, S.C., and R.A. Seigel. 2002. Annual of activity levels in larval anurans and variation in the population ecology of the response to the presence of different endangered gopher frog, Rana sevosa Goin predators. Behavioral Ecology 12:51–58. and Netting. Copeia 2002:962–972. Richardson, J.M.L. 2002a. A comparative Richter, S.C., J.E. Young, R.A. Seigel, and study of phenotypic traits related to resource G.N. Johnson. 2001. Postbreeding utilization in anuran communities. movements of the dark gopher frog, Rana Evolutionary Ecology 16:101–122. sevosa Goin and Netting: implications for Richardson, J.M.L. 2002b. Burst swim speed in conservation and management. Journal of tadpoles inhabiting ponds with different top Herpetology 35:316–321. predators. Evolutionary Ecology Research Richter, S.C., J.E. Young, G.N. Johnson, and 244

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R.A. Seigel. 2003. Stochastic variation in of thiosemicarbazide on development in the reproductive success of a rare frog, Rana wood frog, Rana sylvatica. 1. Concentration sevosa: implications for conservation and for effects. Ecotoxicology and Environmental monitoring amphibian populations. Safety 12:154–160. Biological Conservation 111:171–177. Riley, E.E., and M.R. Weil. 1987. The effects Richter, S.C., B. I. Crother, and R.E. of thiosemicarbazide on development in the Broughton. 2009. Genetic consequences of wood frog, Rana sylvatica. 2. Critical population reduction and geographic exposure length and age sensitivity. isolation in the critically endangered frog, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Rana sevosa. Copeia 2009:799–806. 13:202–207. Rickard, A. 2006. Acris crepitans blanchardi Rimer, R.L., and J.T. Briggler. 2010. (Blanchard’s Cricket Frog). Predation. Occurrence of the amphibian chytrid fungus Herpetological Review. 37:439. (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in Ozark Rickard, A., and E. Sonntag. 2006. Blanchard's caves, Missouri, USA. Herpetological Cricket Frog (Acris crepitans blanchardi) Review 41:175–177. morphological abnormalities in southeast Ripplinger, J.I., and R.S. Wagner. 2004. Michigan. Endangered Species Update Phylogeography of northern populations of 23:131–134. the Pacific treefrog, Pseudacris regilla. Rickard, A., E. Sonntag, and K. Zippel. 2004. Northwestern Naturalist 85:118–125. Amphibian conservation strategies: Ritchie, S.A. 1982. The green treefrog (Hyla translocating an entire population of cinerea) as a predator of mosquitoes in Blanchard's Cricket frog (Acris crepitans Florida. Mosquito News 42:619. blanchardi) in southeast Michigan. Ritchie, S.C., B.K. Rincon, and T.A. Gorman. Endangered Species Update 21:128–131. 2008. Rana clamitans (Bronze Frog). Ranid Ricker, W.E., and E.B.S. Logier. 1935. Notes aggression and interspecies amplexus. on the occurrence of the ribbed toad Herpetological Review 39:80. (Ascaphus truei Stejnegeri) in Canada. Ritke, M. E., and J. G. Babb. 1991. Behavior of Copeia 1935:46. the gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) during Rieger, J.F., C.A.Binckley, and W.J. Resetarits, the nonbreeding season. Herpetological Jr. 2004. Larval performance and oviposition Review 22:5–8. site preference along a predation gradient. Ritke, M.E., and M.L. Beck. 1991. An Ecology 85:2094–2099. interspecific satellite pair association Riemer, W.J. 1958. Giant toads of Florida. between Hyla chrysoscelis and Hyla Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of versicolor. Herpetological Review 22:49–51. Sciences 21:207–211. Ritke, M.E., and R.D. Semlitsch. 1991. Mating Rigley, L., and H. Hays. 1976. Sonic behavior behavior and determinants of male mating of the green treefrog Hyla cinerea. Bulletin success in the gray treefrog, Hyla of the Maryland Herpetological Society chrysoscelis. Canadian Journal of Zoology 12:25–28. 69:246–250. Riha, V.F., and K.A. Berven. 1991. An Ritke, M.E., and R.L. Mumme. 1993. Choice analysis of latitudinal variation in the larval of callings sites and oviposition sites by gray development of the wood frog (Rana treefrogs (Hyla chrysoscelis)‐A comment. sylvatica). Copeia 1991:209–221. Ecology 74:623–626. Riley, E.E., and M.R. Weil. 1986. The effects Ritke, M.E., and C.A. Lessman. 1994. 245

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Longitudinal study of ovarian dynamics in surrounding wetlands. Canadian Journal of female gray treefrogs (Hyla chrysoscelis). Zoology 87:618–625. Copeia 1994:1014–1022. Rittenhouse, T.A.G., E.B. Harper, L.R. Rehard, Ritke, M.E., J.G. Rabb, and M.K. Ritke. 1990. and R.D. Semlitsch. 2008. The role of Life history of the gray treefrog (Hyla microhabitats in the desiccation and survival chrysoscelis) in western Tennessee. Journal of amphibians in recently harvested oak– of Herpetology 24:135–141. hickory forest. Copeia 2008:807–814. Ritke, M.E., J.G. Rabb, and M.K. Ritke. 1991a. Rittenhouse, T.A.G., R.D. Semlitsch, and F.R. Breeding–site specificity in the Gray Thompson, III. 2009. Survival costs Treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis). Journal of associated with wood frog breeding Herpetology 25:123–125. migrations: effects of timber harvest and Ritke, M.E., J.G. Babb, and M.K. Ritke. drought. Ecology 90:1620–1630. 1991b. Temporal patterns of reproductive Rittmann, S.E., E. Muths, and D.E. Green. activity in the gray treefrog (Hyla 2003. Pseudacris triseriata (Western Chorus chrysoscelis). Journal of Herpetology Frog) and Rana sylvatica (Wood Frog). 26:107–111. Chytridiomycosis. Herpetological Review Ritke, M.E., J.G. Babb, and M.K. Ritke. 1992. 34:53. Annual growth rates of adult gray treefrogs Rittschof, D. 1975. Some aspects of the natural (Hyla chrysoscelis). Journal of Herpetology history and ecology of the leopard frog, Rana 25:382–385. pipiens. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Ritland, K., L.A. Dupuis, F.L. Bunnell, W.L.Y. Michigan, Ann Arbor. Hung, and J.E. Carlson. 2000. Rizkalla, C.E. 2009. First reported detection of Phylogeography of the tailed frog (Ascaphus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Florida, truei) in British Columbia. Canadian Journal USA. Herpetological Review 40:189–190. of Zoology 78:1749–1758. Rizkalla, C.E. 2010. Increasing detections of Rittenhouse, T.A.G. 2007. Behavioral choice Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in central and demographic consequences of wood frog Florida, USA. Herpetological Review habitat selection in response to land use. 41:180–181. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Missouri, Roberts, C.D., and T.E. Dickinson. 2012. Columbia. Ribeiroia ondatrae causes limb abnormalities Rittenhouse, T.A.G. 2011. Anuran larval in a Canadian amphibian community. habitat quality when reed canary grass is Canadian Journal of Zoology 90: 808–814. present in wetlands. Journal of Herpetology Roberts, K.A., and R.B. Page. 2003. Hyla 45:491–496. cinerea (Green Tree Frog). Reproduction. Rittenhouse, T.A.G., and R.D. Semlitsch. Herpetological Review 34:136. 2007a. Postbreeding habitat use of wood Roberts, W.E. 1997. Rana pretiosa (Spotted frogs in a Missouri oak–hickory forest. Frog). Predation. Herpetological Review Journal of Herpetology 41:645–653. 28:86. Rittenhouse, T.A.G., and R.D. Semlitsch. Roberts, W.R. 1998. The calliphorid fly 2007b. Distribution of amphibians in (Bufolucilia sylvarum) parasitic on frogs in terrestrial habitat surrounding wetlands. Alberta. Alberta Naturalist 28:48. Wetlands 27:153–161. Roberts, W., and V. Lewin. 1979. Habitat Rittenhouse, T.A.G., and R.D. Semlitsch. utilization and population densities of the 2009. Behavioral response of migrating wood amphibians of northeastern Alberta. frogs to experimental timber harvest Canadian Field–Naturalist 93:144–154. 246

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Robins, A., G. Lippolis, A. Bisazza, G. breeding habitat in Sierra Nevada meadows. Vallortigara, and L.J. Rogers. 1998. Rangeland Ecology and Management Lateralized agonistic responses and hindlimb 65:56–65. use in toads. Animal Behaviour 56:875–881. Roche, L.M., A.M. Latimer, D.J. Eastburn, and Robinson, E.J., Jr. 1954. Notes on the K.W. Tate. 2012. Cattle grazing and occurrence and biology of filarial nematodes conservation of a –dependent in southwestern Georgia. Journal of amphibian species in the Sierra Nevada. Parasitology 40:138–147. PLoS One 7:e35734. Robinson, M., M.P. Donovan, and T.D. Rochester, C.J., C.S. Brehme, D.R. Clark, D.C. Schwaner. 1998. Western toad, Bufo boreas, Stokes, S.A. Hathaway, and R.N. Fisher. in southern Utah: notes on a single 2010. Reptile and amphibian responses to population along the east fork of the Sevier large–scale wildfires in southern California. River. Great Basin Naturalist 58:87–89. Journal of Herpetology 44:333–351. Robinson, T.S. 1958. Notes on the Rödder, D. 2009. “Sleepless in Hawaii”: does development of a brood of Mississippi kites anthropogenic climate change enhance in Barber County, Kansas. Transactions of ecological and socioeconomic impacts of the Kansas Academy of Science 60:174–180. the alien invasive Eleutherodactylus coqui Roble, S.M. 1979. Dispersal movements and Thomas 1966 (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae)? plant associations of juvenile gray treefrogs, North–Western Journal of Zoology 5:16–25. Hyla versicolor. Transactions of the Kansas Rodenhouse, N.L., L. M. Christenson,D. Parry, Academy of Science 82:235–245. and L.E. Green. 2009. Climate change effects Roble, S.M. 1985a. A study of the reproductive on native fauna of northeastern forests. and population ecology of two hylid frogs in Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39: northeastern Kansas. Ph.D. dissertation, 249–263. University of Kansas, Lawrence. Rodgers, L.O. 1941. Diplorchis scaphiopi, a Roble, S.M. 1985b. Observations on satellite new polystomatid monogenean fluke from males in Hyla chrysoscelis, Hyla picta, and the spadefoot toad. Journal of Parasitology Pseudacris triseriata. Journal of Herpetology 27:153–157. 19:432–436. Rodgers, L.O., and R.E. Kuntz. 1940. A new Roble, S.M., A.C. Chazal, and A.K. Foster. polystomatid monogenean fluke from a 2000. A preliminary survey of the spadefoot.Wasmann Collector 4:37–40. amphibians and reptiles of Savage Neck Roe, J.H., W.A. Hopkins, and B.P. Jackson. Dunes Natural Area Preserve, Northampton 2005. Species– and stage–specific differences County, Virginia. Catesbeiana 20:63–74. in trace element tissue concentrations in Robortella, J.M. 2006. Frogleg George: The amphibians: implications for the disposal of legend no one really knew. Gates Historical coal–combustion wastes. Environmental Society, Rochester, New York. 36 pp. Pollution 136:353–363. Roby–Thomas, P.L. 2006. Amphibian Rogers, A.M. 1999. Ecology and natural colonization of new habitat : "if you build it, history of Rana clamitans melanota in West they will come". M.S. thesis, University of Virginia. M.S. thesis, Marshall University, Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky. Huntington, West Virginia. Roche, L.M., B. Allen–Diaz, D.J. Eastburn, Rogers, C.D. 1996. Rana catesbeiana and K.W. Tate. 2012. Cattle grazing and (Bullfrog). Predation. Herpetological Review Yosemite toad (Bufo canorus Camp) 27:19. 247

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Rogers, C.P. 1996. Rana catesbeiana Rogers, T.N., and D.R. Chalcraft. 2008. Pond (Bullfrog). Predation. Herpetological Review hydroperiod alters the effect of density– 27:75. dependent processes on larval anurans. Rogers, J.S. 1972. Discriminant function Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic analysis of morphological relationships Sciences 65: 2761–2768. within the Bufo cognatus species group. Rohr, J.R., and P.W. Crumrine. 2005. Effects Copeia 1972:381–383. of an herbicide and an insecticide on pond Rogers, J.S. 1973a. Protein polymorphism, community structure and processes. genic heterozygosity and divergence in the Ecological Applications 15:1135–1147. toads Bufo cognatus and B. speciosus. Copeia Rohr, J.R., and K.A. McCoy. 2010. A 1973:322–330. qualitative meta–analysis reveals consistent Rogers, J.S. 1973b. Biochemical and effects of atrazine on freshwater fish and morphological analysis of potential amphibians. Environmental Health introgression between Bufo cognatus and B. Perspectives 118:20–32. speciosus. American Midland Naturalist Rohr, J.R., A.M. Schotthoefer, T.R. Raffel, 90:127–142. H.J. Carrick, N. Halstead, J.T. Hoverman, Rogers, J.S. 1976. Species density and C.M. Johnson, L.B. Johnson, C. Lieske, M.D. taxonomic diversity of Texas amphibians and Piwoni, P.K. Schoff, and V.R. Beasley. reptiles. Systematic Zoology 25:26–40. 2008a. Agrochemicals increase trematode Rogers, K.L. 1987. Pleistocene high altitude infections in a declining amphibian species. amphibians and reptiles from Colorado Nature 455:1235–1239. (Alamosa Local Fauna; Pleistocene; Rohr, J. R., T. R. Raffel, S. K. Sessions, and P. Irvingtonian). Journal of Vertebrate J. Hudson. 2008b. Understanding the net Paleontology 7:82–95. effects of pesticides on amphibian trematode Rogers, K.L., and L. Harvey. 1994. A infections. Ecological Applications 18:1743– skeletochronological assessment of fossil and 1753. recent Bufo cognatus from south–central Rohr, J.R., A. Swan, T.R. Raffel, and P.J. Colorado. Journal of Herpetology 28:133– Hudson. 2009. Parasites, info–disruption, and 140. the ecology of fear. Oecologia 159:447– Rogers, K.L., C.A. Repenning, R.M. Forester, 454. E.E. Larson, S.A. Hall, G.R. Smith, E. Rollins–Smith, L.A., L.K. Reinert, V. Miera, Anderson, and T.J. Brown. 1985. Middle and J.M. Conlon. 2002. Antimicrobial Pleistocene (Late Irvingtonian: Nebraskan) peptide defenses of the Tarahumara frog, climatic changes in south–central Colorado. Rana tarahumarae. Biochemical and National Geographic Research 1:535–563. Biophysical Research Communications Rogers, M.W., Jr. 1975. Development and 297:361–367. behavior of larvae of the western toad, Bufo Roloff, G.J., T.E. Grazia, K.F. Millenbah, and boreas. M.A. thesis, University of Texas, A.J. Kroll. 2011. Factors associated with Arlington, Texas. amphibian occupancy in southern Michigan Rogers, S.D., and M.M. Peacock. 2012. The forests. Journal of Herpetology 45:15–22. disappearing northern leopard frog Romano, M.A., D.B. Ralin, S.I. Guttman, and (Lithobates pipiens): conservation genetics J.H. Skillings. 1987. Parallel electromorph and implications for remnant populations in variation in the diploid–tetraploid gray western Nevada. Ecology and Evolution treefrog complex. American Naturalist 2:2040–2056. 130:864–878. 248

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Romansic, J.M., K.A. Diez, E.M. Higashi, and Rana catesbeiana (American Bullfrog). A.R. Blaustein. 2006. Effects of nitrate and Mortality. Herpetological Review 37:448. the pathogenic water mould Saprolegnia on Rombough, C.J., and M.P. Hayes. 2007. Rana survival of amphibian larvae. Diseases of boylii (Foothill Yellow–legged Frog). Aquatic Organisms 68:235–243. Reproduction. Herpetological Review 38:70– Romansic, J.M., E.M. Higashi, K.A. Diez, and 71. A.R. Blaustein. 2007. Susceptibility of Rombough, C.J., and M.P. Hayes. 2008. Rana newly–metamorphosed frogs to a pathogenic pretiosa (Oregon Spotted Frog). water mould (Saprolegnia sp.). Reproduction. Herpetological Review Herpetological Journal 17:161–166. 39:340–341. Romansic, J.M., A.A. Waggener, B.A. Rombough, C.J., and M. Bradley. 2010. Bancroft, and A.R. Blaustein. 2009a. Pseudacris regilla (Northern Pacific Influence of ultraviolet–B radiation on Treefrog). Predation. Herpetological Review growth, prevalence of deformities, and 41:203. susceptibility to predation in Cascades frog Rombough, C.J., D.J. Jordan, and C.A. Pearl. (Rana cascadae) larvae. Hydrobiologia 2003. Rana cascadae (Cascades Frog). 624:219–233. Cannibalism. Herpetological Review 34:138. Romansic, J.M., K.A. Diez, E.M. Higashi, J. Rombough, C.J., J. Chastain, A.M. Schwab, Johnson, and A.R. Blaustein. 2009b. Effects and M.P. Hayes. 2005. Rana boylii (Foothill of the pathogenic water mold Saprolegnia Yellow–legged Frog). Predation. ferax on survival of amphibian larvae. Herpetological Review 36:438–439. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 83: 187–193. Rombough, C.J., M.P. Hayes, and J.D. Engler. Romansic, J.M., P.T.J. Johnson, C.L. Searle, 2006. Rana pretiosa (Oregon Spotted Frog). J.E. Johnson, T.S. Tunstall, B.A. Han, J.R. Maximum size. Herpetological Review Rohr, and A.R. Blaustein. 2011. Individual 37:210. and combined effect of multiple pathogens Rondeau, S.L., and J.H. Gee. 2005. Larval on Pacific treefrogs. Oecologia 166:1029– amphibians adjust buoyancy in response to 1041. substrate ingestion. Copeia 2005:188–195. Rombough, C.J., and M.P. Hayes. 2005. Rana Rorabaugh, J. 2004. Barking frogs boylii (Foothill Yellow–legged Frog). (Eleutherodactylus augusti) of the Santa Rita Predation: eggs and hatchlings. Mountains. Sonoran Herpetologist 17:72– Herpetological Review 36:163–164. 73. Rombough, C.J. 2010. Rana catesbeiana Rorabaugh, J.C. 2005a. Rana pipiens Screber, (American Bullfrog). Predation. 1782. Northern Leopard Frog. Pp. 570–577 Herpetological Review 41:204. In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian Rombough, C.J., and M.P. Hayes. 2005. Novel Declines. The Conservation Status of United aspects of oviposition site preparation by States Species. University of California foothill yellow–legged frogs (Rana boylii). Press, Berkeley. Northwestern Naturalist 86:157–160. Rorabaugh, J.C. 2005b. Rana berlandieri Rombough, C.J., and C.A. Pearl. 2005. Rana Baird. Rio Grande Leopard Frog. Pp. 530– pretiosa (Oregon Spotted Frog). Aggregation 532 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian and habitat use. Herpetological Review Declines. The Conservation Status of United 36:307–308. States Species. University of California Rombough, C.J., and A.M. Schwab. 2006. Press, Berkeley. 249

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Rorabaugh, J.C., and J. Humphrey. 2002. The Rose, S.M. 1960. A feedback mechanism of Tarahumara frog: return of a native. growth control in tadpoles. Ecology 41:188– Endangered Species Technical Bulletin 199. 27(2):24–26. Rose, S.M., and F.C. Rose. 1961. Growth– Rorabaugh, J.C., and S.F. Hale. 2005. Rana controlling exudates of tadpoles. Symposia of tarahumarae Boulenger, 1917. Tarahumara the Society for Experimental Biology Frog. Pp. 593–595 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), 15:207–218. Amphibian Declines. The Conservation Rosen, M., and L.E. Lemon. 1974. The vocal Status of United States Species. University behavior of spring peepers, Hyla crucifer. of California Press, Berkeley. Copeia 1974:940–950. Rorabaugh, J.C., and L. Elliot. 2006. Rosen, P.C. 2007. Rana yavapaiensis Tarahumara frog (Rana tarahumarae) call (Lowland Leopard Frog). Larval types and characteristics. Sonoran cannibalism. Herpetological Review 38:195– Herpetologist 19:134–136. 196. Rorabaugh, J.C., J.M. Howland, and R.D. Rosen, P.C. 2011. Rana yavapaiensis Randall. 2004. Distribution and habitat use of (Lowland Leopard Frog). Larval the Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla) on cannibalism. Herpetological Review 42:589– the lower Colorado River and in Arizona. 590. Southwestern Naturalist 49:94–99. Rosen, P.C., and C.R. Schwalbe. 2002. Rose, F.L. 1962. A case of albinism in Rana Widespread effects of introduced species on pipiens Schreber. Herpetologica 18:72. reptiles and amphibians in the Sonoran Rose, F.L. 1963. Delayed melanism in tadpoles Desert region. Pp. 220–240 In B. Tellman of Rana pipiens Schreber. Herpetologica (ed.), Invasive Exotic Species in the Sonoran 18:274–275. Region. University of Arizona Press and the Rose, F.L., T.R. Simpson, M.R.J. Forstner, D.J. Arizona–Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, McHenry, and J. Williams. 2006. Taxonomic Arizona. status of Acris gryllus paludicola: in search Rosen, P.C., C.R. Schwalbe, D.A. Parizek, Jr., of the pink frog. Journal of Herpetology P.A. Holm, and C.H. Lowe. 1995. Introduced 40:428–434. aquatic vertebrates in the Chiricahua region: Rose, G.J., and E.A. Brenowitz. 1991. effects on declining native ranid frogs. Pp. Aggressive thresholds of male Pacific 251–260 In L.F. DeBano, G.J. Gottfried, treefrogs for advertisement calls vary with R.H. Hamre, C.B. Edminster, P.F. Ffolliott, amplitude of neighbors’ calls. Ethology and A. Ortega–Rubio (technical 89:244–252. coordinators), Madrean Archipelago: the Sky Rose, G.J., and E.A. Brenowitz. 1997. Islands of the Southwestern United States Plasticity of aggressive thresholds in Hyla and Northwestern Mexico. U.S. Forest regilla: discrete accommodation to encounter Service Rocky Mountain Station General calls. Animal Behaviour 53:353–361. Technical Report RM–GTR–264. Rose, G.J., and E.A. Brenowitz. 2002. Pacific Rosenberg, E.A. 1990. Effect of low pH on treefrogs use temporal integration to individual tadpole growth in Pseudacris differentiate advertisement from encounter clarkii and Bufo valliceps. M.S. thesis, calls. Animal Behaviour 63:1183–1190. Baylor University, Waco, Texas. Rose, S.M. 1959. Failure of survival of slowly Rosenberg, E.A., and B.A. Pierce. 1995. Effect growing members of a population. Science of initial mass on growth and mortality at low 129:1026. pH in tadpoles of Pseudacris clarkii and 250

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Bufo valliceps. Journal of Herpetology Rossi, J.V. 1983. The use of olfactory cues by 29:181–185. Bufo marinus. Journal of Herpetology 17:72– Rosenberry, D.O. 2001. Malformed frogs in 73. Minnesota: an update. USGS Fact Sheet Rossman, D.A. 1959. Chorus frog (Pseudacris 043–01, Mounds View, Minnesota. nigrita ssp.) intergradation in southwestern Rosenfield, R.N., M.W. Gratson, and L.B. Illinois. Herpetologica 15:38–40. Carson. 1984. Food brought by broad– Rossman, D.A. 1960. Herpetofaunal survey of winged hawks to a Wisconsin nest. Journal of the Pine Hills area of southern Illinois. Field 55:246–247. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Rosenshield, M.L., M.B. Jofré, and W.H. Science 22:207–225. Karasov. 1999. Effects of polychlorinated Roster, N.O., D.L. Clark, and J.C. Gillingham. biphenyl 126 on green frog (Rana clamitans) 1995. Prey catching behavior in frogs and and leopard frog (R. pipiens) hatching toads using video–simulated prey. Copeia success, development, and metamorphosis. 1995:496–498. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Roth, A.H., and J.F. Jackson. 1987. The effect 18:2478–2486. of pool size on recruitment of predatory Rosine, W.N. 1952. Notes on the occurrence of insects and on mortality in a larval anuran. polydactylism in a second species of Herpetologica 43:224–232. Amphibia in Muskee Lake, Colorado. Roth, E.D., P.G. May, and T.M. Farrell. 1999. Journal of the Colorado–Wyoming Academy Pigmy rattlesnakes use frog–derived of Science 4:100. chemical cues to select foraging sites. Copeia Rosine, W.N. 1955. Polydactylism in a second 1999:772–774. species of amphibia in Muskee Lake, Rothermel, B.B. 2004. Migratory success of Colorado. Copeia 1955:136. juveniles: a potential constraint on Ross, D.A., and B.J. Richardson. 1996. Rana connectivity for pond–breeding amphibians. pretiosa (Spotted Frog). Basking behavior. Ecological Applications 14:1535–1546. Herpetological Review 26:203. Rothermel, B.B., and R.D. Semlitsch. 2002. An Ross, D.A., D.W. Kuehn, and M.C. Stanger. experimental investigation of landscape 1994. Rana pretiosa (Spotted Frog). resistance of forest versus old–field habitats Reproduction. Herpetological Review to emigrating juvenile amphibians. 25:118. Conservation Biology 16:1324–1332. Ross, D.A., T.C. Esque, R.A. Fridell, and P. Rothermel, B.B., S.C. Walls, J.C. Mitchell, Hovingh. 1995. Historical distribution, C.K. Dodd Jr., L.K. Irwin, D.E. Green, V.M. current status, and a range extension of Bufo Vasquez, J.W. Petranka, and D.J. Stevenson. boreas in Utah. Herpetological Review 2008. Widespread occurrence of the 26:187–189. amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium Ross, D.A., J.K. Reaser, P. Kleeman, and D.L. dendrobatidis) in the Southeastern United Drake. 1999. Rana luteiventris (Columbia States. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 82:3– Spotted Frog). Mortality and site fidelity. 18. Herpetological Review 30:163. Rot–Nikcevic, I., C.N. Taylor, and R.J. Rossi, J.V. 1981. Bufo marinus in Florida: Wassersug. 2006. The role of images of some natural history and its impact on native conspecifics as visual cues in the vertebrates. M.A. thesis, University of South development and behavior of larval Forida, Tampa. amphibians. Behavioral Ecology and 251

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Sociobiology 60:19–25. J.D. Congdon. 1998a. Elevated maintenance Rouse, J.D., C.A. Bishop, and J. Struger. 1999. costs in an anuran (Rana catesbeiana) Nitrogen pollution: an assessment of its exposed to a mixture of trace elements during threat to amphibian survival. Environmental the embryonic and early larval periods. Health Perspectives 107:799–803. Physiological Zoology 71:27–35. Rowe, C.F.B. 1899. Report on Zoology. Rowe, C.L., O.M. Kinney, and J.D. Congdon. Batrachians. Bulletin of the New Brunswick 1998b. Oral deformities in tadpoles of the Natural History Society 17:169–170. bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) caused by Rowe, C.L., and W.A. Dunson. 1993. conditions in a polluted habitat. Copeia Relationships among abiotic parameters and 1998:244–246. breeding effort by three amphibians in Rowe, C.L., W.A. Hopkins, and V.R. Coffman. temporary wetlands of central Pennsylvania. 2001. Failed recruitment of southern toads Wetlands 13:237–246. (Bufo terrestris) in a trace element– Rowe, C.L., and W.A. Dunson. 1995. Impacts contaminated breeding habitat: direct and of hydroperiod on growth and survival of indirect effects that may lead to a local larval amphibians in temporary ponds of population sink. Archives of Environmental central Pennsylvania, USA. Oecologia Contamination and Toxicology 40:399–405. 102:397–403. Rowe, C.L., A. Heyes, and W.A. Hopkins. Rowe, C.L., and J. Freda. 2000. Effects of 2009. Effects of dietary vanadium on growth acidification on amphibians at multiple levels and lipid storage in a larval anuran: Results of biological organization. Pp. 545–571 In from studies employing ad libitum and D.W. Sparling, G. Linder, and C.A. Bishop rationed feeding. Aquatic Toxicology (eds.), Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and 91:179–186. Reptiles. SETAC Press, Pensacola, Florida. Rowe, C.L., A. Heyes, and J. Hilton. 2011. Rowe, C.L., and W.A. Hopkins. 2003. Differential patterns of accumulation and Anthropogenic activities producing sink depuration of dietary selenium and vanadium habitats for amphibians in the local during metamorphosis in the gray treefrog landscape: a case study of lethal and (Hyla versicolor). Archives of Environmental sublethal effects of coal combustion residues Contamination and Toxicology 60:336–342. in the aquatic environment. Pp. 271–282 In Rowe, J.C., and T.S. Garcia. 2012. Lithobates G. Linder, S.K. Krest, and D.W. Sparling catesbeianus (American Bullfrog). Diet. (eds.), Amphibian Decline: An Integrated Herpetological Review 43:633–634. Analysis of Multiple Stressor Effects. Roy, J.–S. 2009. Structure and dynamics of a SETAC Press, Pensacola, Florida. natural hybrid zone between the toads, Rowe, C.L., W. J. Sadinski, and W.A. Dunson. Anaxyrus americanus and Anaxyrus 1994. Predation of larval and embryonic hemiophrys, in southeastern Manitoba. M.S. amphibians by acid–tolerant caddisfly larvae thesis, McGill University, Montreal. (Ptilostomis postica). Journal of Herpetology Roznik, E.A. 2007. Terrestrial ecology of 28:357–364. juvenile and adult Gopher Frogs (Rana Rowe, C.L., O.M. Kinney, A.P. Fiori, and J.D. capito). M.S. thesis, University of Florida, Congdon. 1996. Oral deformities in tadpoles Gainesville. (Rana catesbeiana) associated with coal ash Roznik, E.A., and S.A. Johnson. 2007. Rana deposition: effects on grazing ability and capito (Gopher Frog). Refuge during fire. growth. Freshwater Biology 36:723–730. Herpetological Review 38:442. Rowe, C.L., O.M. Kinney, R.D. Nagle, and Roznik, E.A., and S.A. Johnson. 2009a. 252

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Canopy closure and emigration by juvenile frog, Pternohyla fodiens. Journal of gopher frogs. Journal of Wildlife Herpetology 15:403–408. Management 73:260–268. Ruibal, R., L. Tevis, Jr., and V. Roig. 1969. Roznik, E.A., and S.A. Johnson. 2009b. The terrestrial ecology of the spadefoot toad Burrow use and survival of newly Scaphiopus hammondii. Copeia 1969:571– metamorphosed gopher frogs (Rana 584. capito). Journal of Herpetology 43:431–437. Ruiz, A.M., J.C. Maerz, A.K. Davis, M.K. Roznik, E.A., and S.A. Johnson. 2009c. Rana Keel, A.R. Ferreira, M.J. Conroy, L.A. capito (Gopher frog). Burrow cohabitation. Morris, and A.T. Fisk. 2010. Patterns of Herpetological Review 40:209. development and abnormalities among Roznik, E.A., S.A. Johnson, C.H. Greenberg, tadpoles in a constructed wetland receiving and G.W. Tanner. 2009. Terrestrial treated wastewater. Environmental Science & movements and habitat use of gopher frogs in Technology 44:4862–4868. longleaf pine forests: a comparative study of Rundquist, E.M. 1978. The spring peeper, Hyla juveniles and adults. Forest Ecology and crucifer Wied (Anura, Hylidae) in Kansas. Management 259:187–194. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Rubbo, M.J., and J.M. Kiesecker. 2004. Leaf Science 80:155–158. litter composition and community structure: Runkle, L.S., K.D. Wells, C.C. Robb, and S.L. translating regional species changes into local Lance. 1994. Individual, nightly, and dynamics. Ecology 85:2519–2525. seasonal variation in calling behavior of the Rubbo, M.J., L.K. Belden, and J.M. Kiesecker. gray tree frog, Hyla versicolor: implications 2008. Differential responses of aquatic for energy expenditure. Behavioral Ecology consumers to variations in leaf–litter inputs. 5:318–325. Hydrobiologia 605:37–44. Rusling, W.J. 1951. Food habits of New Jersey Rudolph, D.C., and J.G. Dickson. 1990. owls. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of Streamside zone width and amphibian and New York 58–62:38–45. reptile abundance. Southwestern Naturalist Russell, A.P., and A.M. Bauer. 2000. The 35:472–476. Amphibians and Reptiles of Alberta. A Field Rugh, R. 1934. The space factor in the growth Guide and Primer of Boreal Herpetology. 2nd rate of tadpoles. Ecology 15:407–411. ed. University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Rugh, R. 1941. Experimental studies on the Alberta. reproductive physiology of the male spring Russell, D.M., C.S. Goldberg, L. Sprague, L.P. peeper, Hyla crucifer. Proceedings of the Waits, D.E. Green, K.L. Schuler, and E.B. American Philosophical Society 84:617–633. Rosenblum. 2011. Ranavirus outbreaks in Ruibal, R. 1957. An altitudinal and latitudinal amphibian populations of northern Idaho. cline in Rana pipiens. Copeia 1957:212–221. Herpetological Review 42:223–225. Ruibal, R. 1959. The ecology of a brackish Russell, K.R., D.H. Van Lear, and D.C. Guynn, water population of Rana pipiens. Copeia Jr. 1999. Prescribed fire effects on 1959:315–322. herpetofauna: review and management Ruibal, R. 1962. The ecology and genetics of a implications. Wildlife Society Bulletin desert population of Rana pipiens. Copeia 27:374–384. 1962:189–195. Russell, K.R., D.C. Guynn, Jr., and H.G. Ruibal, R., and S. Hillman. 1981. Cocoon Hanlin. 2002a. Importance of small isolated structure and function in the burrowing hylid wetlands for herpetofaunal diversity in 253

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managed, young growth forests in the Coastal vertebrates of Isle Royale. Ecology of Isle Plain of South Carolina. Forest Ecology and Royale, Michigan Survey 1908:329–333. Management 163:43–59. Ruthven, A.G. 1910. A contribution to the Russell, K.R., H.G. Hanlin, T.B. Wigley, and herpetology of Iowa. Proceedings of the Iowa D.C. Guynn, Jr. 2002b. Responses of isolated Academy of Science for 1910:198–209. wetland herpetofauna to upland forest #Ruthven, A.G. 1912. The herpetology of management. Journal of Wildlife Michigan. Michigan Geological and Management 66:603–617. Biological Survey Publication 10:11–166. Russell, R.W. 2008. Spring peepers and pitcher Ruthven, A. G. 1917. On the occurrence of plants: a case of commensalism? Bufo fowleri in Michigan. Occasional Papers Herpetological Review 39:154–155. of the Museum of Zoology, University of Russell, R.W., S.J. Hecnar, and G.D. Haffner. Michigan. (47):1–5. 1995. Organochlorine pesticide residues in Ruthven, A.G., and H.T. Gaige. 1915. The southern Ontario spring peepers. reptiles and amphibians collected in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry northeastern Nevada by the Walker– 14:815–817. Newcomb expedition of the University of Russell, R.W., K.A. Gillan, and G.D. Michigan. Occasional Papers of the Museum Haffner.1997. Polychlorinated biphenyls and of Zoology, University of Michigan 8:1–33. chlorinated pesticides in southern Ontario, Ruthven III, D.C., R.T. Kazmaier, J.F. Canada, green frogs. Environmental Gallagher, and D.R. Synatzke. 2002. Toxicology and Chemistry 16:2258–2263. Seasonal variation in herpetofaunal Rutherford, P.L., D.L. McRuer, and M.R. abundance and diversity in the south Texas Forbes. 2005. Condition and immune traits of plains. Southwestern Naturalist 47:102–109. frogs from Ontario baitshops: risks of Ruthven III, D.C., R.T. Kazmaier, and M.W. practice not ameliorated by sale of healthy Janis. 2008. Short–term response of frogs. Herpetological Review 36:129–133. herpetofauna to various burning regimes in Ruthig, G.R. 2008. The influence of the south Texas plains. Southwestern temperature and spatial distribution on the Naturalist 53:280–287. susceptibility of southern leopard frog eggs Ryan, M.J. 1978. A thermal property of the to disease. Oecologia 156:895–903. Rana catesbeiana (Amphibia, Anura, Ruthig, G.R. 2009. Water molds of the genera Ranidae) egg mass. Journal of Herpetology Saprolegnia and Leptolegnia are pathogenic 12:247–248. to the North American frogs Rana Ryan, M.J. 1980. The reproductive behavior of catesbeiana and Pseudacris crucifer, the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Copeia respectively. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 1980:108–114. 84:173–178. Ryan, M.J., and W. Wilczynski. 1988. Ruthig, G.R., and K.N. Provost–Javier. 2012. Coevolution of sender and receiver: effect on Multihost saprobes are facultative pathogens local mate preference in cricket frogs. of bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus eggs. Science 240:1786–1788. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 101:13–21. Ryan, M.J., and B.K. Sullivan. 1989. Ruthven, A. G. 1907. A collection of reptiles Transmission effects on the temporal and amphibians from southern New Mexico structure of the advertisement call of two and Arizona. Bulletin of the American species of toads, Bufo woodhousii and Bufo Museum of Natural History 23:483–604. valliceps. Ethology 80:182–185. Ruthven, A.G. 1908. The cold–blooded Ryan, M.J., and W. Wilczynski. 1990 (1991). 254

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Evolution of intraspecific variation in the multilevel study of effects of low pH on advertisement call of a cricket frog (Acris amphibians of temporary ponds. Journal of crepitans, Hylidae). Biological Journal of the Herpetology 26:413–422. Linnean Society 44:249–271. Sadinski, W.J., M. Roth, S. Treleven, J. Ryan, M.J., R.B. Cocroft, and W. Wilczynski. Theyerl, and P. Dummer. 2010. Detection of 1991. The role of environmental selection in the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium intraspecific divergence of mate recognition dendrobatidis, on recently metamorphosed signals in the cricket frog, Acris crepitans. amphibians in the north–central United Evolution 44:1869–1872. States. Herpetological Review 41:170–175. Ryan, M.J., S.A. Perrill, and W. Wilczynski. Saenz, D., J.B. Johnson, C.K. Adams, and G.H. 1992. Auditory tuning and call frequency Dayton. 2003. Accelerated hatching of predict population–based mating preferences southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) in the cricket frog, Acris crepitans. American eggs in response to the presence of a crayfish Naturalist 139: 1370–1383. (Procambarus nigrocinctus) predator. Copeia Ryan, M.J., K.M. Warkentin, B.E. McClelland, 2003:646–649. and W. Wilcznyski. 1995. Fluctuating Saenz, D., L.A. Fitzgerald, K.A. Baum, and asymmetries and advertisement call variation R.N. Connor. 2006. Abiotic correlates of in the cricket frog, Acris crepitans. anuran calling phenology: the importance of Behavioral Ecology 6:124–131. rain, temperature and season. Herpetological Ryan, R.A. 1953. Growth rates of some ranids Monographs 20:64–82. under natural conditions. Copeia 1953:73–80. Saenz, D., B.T. Kavanagh, and M.A. Ryan, T.J., and C.T. Winne. 2001. Effects of Kwiatkowski. 2010. Batrachochytrium hydroperiod on metamorphosis in Rana dendrobatidis detected in amphibians from sphenocephala. American Midland Naturalist National Forests in eastern Texas, USA. 145:46–53. Herpetological Review 41:47–49. Ryberg, W.A., and G.H. Dayton. 2004. Sage, R.D., and R.K. Selander. 1979. Scaphiopus couchii (Couch’s Spadefoot). Hybridization between species of the Rana Predation. Herpetological Review 35:263. pipiens complex in central Texas. Evolution Ryder, J.A. 1878. A monstrous frog. American 33:1069–1088. Naturalist 12:751–752. Sagor, E.S., M. Ouellet, E. Barten, and D.M. Ryder, J.A. 1891. Notes on the development of Green. 1998. Skeletochronology and Engystoma. American Naturalist 25:838–840. geographic variation in age structure in the Saber, P.A., and W.A. Dunson. 1978. Toxicity wood frog, Rana sylvatica. Journal of of bog water to embryonic and larval anuran Herpetology 32:469–474. amphibians.Journal of Experimental Zoology Salice, C.J. 2012. Multiple stressors and 204:33–42. amphibians: contributions of adverse health Sacerdote, A.B. 2009. Reintroduction of effects and altered hydroperiod to population extirpated flatwoods amphibians into restored declineand extinction. Journal of Herpetology forested wetlands of northern Illinois: 46:675–681. feasibility assessment, implementation, Salice, C.J., C.L. Rowe, J.H.K. Pechmann, and habitat restoration, and conservation W.A. Hopkins. 2011. Multiple stressors and implications. Ph.D. dissertation, Northern complex life cycles: insights from a Illinois University, DeKalb. population–level assessment of breeding site Sadinski, W.J., and W.A. Dunson. 1992. A contamination and terrestrial habitat loss in 255

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an amphibian. Environmental Toxicology tadpoles of the western chorus frog and Chemistry 30:2874–2882. Pseudacris triseriata and Fowler’s toad Salinas, C. 2009. The influence of Bufo woodhousii fowleri. Copeia 1970:246– environmental factors on the activity and 251. movement of Bufo nebulifer (Coastal Plain Sanders, O. 1953. A new species of toad, with Toad) in a disturbed area. M.S. thesis, a discussion of morphology of the bufonid University of Texas–Pan American, skull. Herpetologica 9:25–47. Edinburg, Texas. Sanders, O. 1961. Indications for the hybrid Salt, G.W., and R.C. Stebbins. 1948. origin of Bufo terrestris Bonnaterre. Northward occurrence of the canyon tree– Herpetologica 17:145–156. toad in California. Copeia 1948:131. Sanders, O. 1978. Bufo woodhousei in central Salt, J.R. 1979. Some elements of amphibian Texas. Bulletin of the Maryland distribution and biology in the Alberta Herpetological Society 14:55–66. Rockies. Alberta Naturalist 9:125–136. Sanders, O. 1986. The heritage of Bufo Salthe, S.N. 1969. Geographic variation of the woodhousei Girard in Texas (Salientia: lactate dehydrogenase of Rana pipiens and Bufonidae). Occasional Papers of the Rana palustris. Biochemical Genetics 2:271– Strecker Museum (1):1–28. 303. Sanders, O. 1987. Evolutionary hybridization Salthe, S.N., and E. Nevo. 1969. Geographic and speciation in North American indigenous variation in lactate dehydrogenase in the bufonids. Privately published, Dallas, Texas. cricket frog, Acris crepitans. Biochemical Sanders, O., and H.M. Smith. 1951. Genetics 3:335–341. Geographic variation in toads of the debilis Salthe, S.N., and M.L. Crump. 1977. A group of Bufo. Field & Laboratory 19:141– Darwinian interpretation of hindlimb 160. variability in frog populations. Evolution Sanders, O., and J.C. Cross. 1964. 31:737–749. Relationships between certain North Samollow, P.B. 1980. Selective mortality and American toads as shown by cytological reproduction in a natural population of Bufo study. Herpetologica 19:248–255. boreas. Evolution 34:18–39. Sanders, O., and H.S. Smith. 1971. Skin tags Samoray, S.T., and K.J. Regester. 2001. and ventral melanism in the Rio Grande Geographic distribution: Rana sylvatica leopard frog. Journal of Herpetology 5:31– (Wood Frog). Herpetological Review 32:190. 38. Sams, E., and M.D. Boone. 2010. Interactions Santana, F.E. 2012. Mountain Yellow–legged between recently metamorphosed green frogs frog (Rana muscosa) conservation: multiple and American toads under laboratory approaches. M.S. thesis, San Diego State conditions. American Midland Naturalist University, San Diego, California. 163:269–279. Sanwald, W. 1915. Green frog active in Sanabria, E.A., and L.B. Quiroga. 2010. December. Copeia (30):35. Lithobates catesbeianus (American Sanzo, D., and S.J. Hecnar. 2006. Effects of Bullfrog). Diet. Herpetological Review road de–icing salt (NaCl) on larval wood 41:339. frogs (Rana sylvatica). Environmental Sanchiz, B. 1998. Handbuch der Pollution 140:247–256. Paläoherpetologie. 4. Salientia. Verlag Dr. Sargent, L.G. 2000. Frog and toad population Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, Germany. monitoring in Michigan. Journal of the Iowa Sanders, H.O. 1970. Pesticide toxicities to Academy of Science 107:195–199. 256

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Sartorius, S.S., and P.C. Rosen. 2000. Breeding eggs of toads of the Bufo boreas group, with phenology of the lowland leopard frog (Rana descriptions of the eggs of Bufo exsul and yavapaiensis): implications for conservation Bufo nelsoni. Bulletin of the Southern and ecology. Southwestern Naturalist California Academy of Sciences 60:93–99. 45:267–273. Say, T. 1823. In E. James, Account of an Sattler, P.W. 1980. Genetic relationships expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky among selected species of North American Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and Scaphiopus. Copeia 1980:605–610. ’20, by order of the Honorable J.C. Calhoun, Sattler, P.W. 1985. Introgressive hybridization Secretary of War, under the command of between spadefoot toads Scaphiopus Major Stephen H. Long. Vol. 2. H.C. Carey bombifrons and S. multiplicatus (Salientia: and I. Lea, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pelobatidae). Copeia 1985:324–332. Scarlata, J.K., and C.G. Murphy. 2003. Timing Saumure, R.A. 1993a. Rana clamitans (Green of oviposition by female barking treefrogs Frog). Albinism. Herpetological Review (Hyla gratiosa). Journal of Herpetology 24:31. 37:580–582. Saumure, R.A. 1993b. Rana catesbeiana Schaaf, R.T., and J.S. Garton. 1970. (Bullfrog). Predation. Herpetological Review predation on the American toad, Bufo 24:30–31. americanus. Herpetologica 26:334–335. Saunders, H.O. 1970. Pesticide toxicities to Schaaf, R.T., Jr., and P.W. Smith. 1970. tadpoles of the western chorus frog, Geographic variation in the pickerel frog. Pseudacris triseriata, and Fowler’s toad, Herpetologica 26:240–254. Bufo woodhousii fowleri. Copeia 1970:246– Schalk, G. 1997. Single and interactive effects 251. of low pH and leech predators on frog Saura–Mas, S., M.D. Boone, and C.M. embryos and adults. M.S. thesis, Carleton Bridges. 2002. Evaluation of direct effects of University, Ottawa, Ontario. an insecticide on gray treefrogs: laboratory Schalk, G., M.R. Forbes, and P.J. and field trials. Journal of Herpetology Weatherhead. 2002. Developmental plasticity 36:715–719. and growth rates of green frog (Rana Savage, A.E., and J.R. Jaeger. 2009. Isolation clamitans) embryos and tadpoles in relation and characterization of microsatellite markers to a leech (Macrobdella decora) predator. in the lowland leopard frog (Rana Copeia 2002:445–449. yavapaiensis) and the relict leopard frog Schank, C.M.M. 2008. Assessing the effects of (Rana onca), two declining frogs of the trout stocking on native amphibian North American desert southwest. Molecular communities in small boreal foothills lakes of Ecology Resources 9:199–202. Alberta. M.S. thesis, University of Alberta, Savage, J.M. 1954. A revision of the toads of Edmonton. the Bufo debilis complex. Texas Journal of Schank,C.M.M., C.A. Paszkowski,W.M. Tonn Science 6:83–112. and G.J. Scrimgeourb. 2011. Stocked trout do Savage, J.M. 1959. A preliminary not significantly affect wood frog populations biosystematic analysis of the toads of the in boreal foothills lakes. Canadian Journal of Bufo boreas group in Nevada and California. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68:1790– Yearbook of the American Philosophical 1801. Society 1959:251–254. Schardien, B.J., and J.A. Jackson. 1982. Savage, J.M., and F.W. Schuierer. 1961. The Killdeers feeding on frogs. Wilson Bulletin 257

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Schriever, T.A. 2007. Salinity influences on the size of Rana septentrionalis in Quebec, larval Hyla cinerea (Green Treefrog) Ontario, and Manitoba. Journal of development and alteration to southeastern Herpetology 9:177–185. Louisiana wetlands and its effects on the Schueler, F.W. 1979. Geographic variation in herpetofauna. M.S. thesis, Southeastern skin pigmentation and dermal glands in the Louisiana University, Hammond. northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Ph.D. Schriever, T.A., and D.D. Williams. 2013. dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontogenetic and individual diet variation in Ontario. amphibian larvae across an environmental Schueler, F.W. 1982a. Geographic variation in gradient. Freshwater Biology 58:223–236. skin pigmentation and dermal glands in the [online first 2012]. Northern Leopard Frog, Rana pipiens. Schriever, T.A., J. Ramspott, B.I. Crother, and National Museums of Canada, Publications C.L. Fontenot, Jr. 2009. Effects of hurricanes in Zoology No. 16. Ivan, Katrina and Rita on a southeastern Schueler, F.W. 1982b. Sexual colour Louisiana herpetofauna. Wetlands 29:112– differences in Canadian western toads, Bufo 122. boreas. Canadian Field–Naturalist 96:329– Schrode, K.M., J.L. Ward, A. Vélez, and M.A. 332. Bee. 2012. Female preferences for spectral Schueler, F.W. 1987. Rana septentrionalis call properties in the western genetic lineage (Mink Frog). Terrestrial activity. of Cope’s gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis). Herpetological Review 18:72. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Schueler, F.W., and F.R. Cook. 1980. 66:1595–1606. Distribution of the middorsal stripe Schroeder, E.E. 1966. Age determination and dimorphism in the wood frog, Rana population structure in Missouri bullfrogs. sylvatica, in eastern North America. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Missouri, Canadian Journal of Zoology 58:1643–1651. Columbia. Schueler, F.W., and R.M. Rankin. 1982. Schroeder, E.E. 1968. Aggressive behavior in Terrestrial amplexus in the wood frog, Rana Rana clamitans. Journal of Herpetology sylvatica. Canadian Field–Naturalist 96:348– 1:95–96. 349. Schroeder, E.E. 1976. Dispersal and movement Schuierer, F.W. 1962. Remarks upon the of newly transformed green frogs, Rana natural history of Bufo exsul Myers, the clamitans. American Midland Naturalist endemic toad of Deep Springs Valley, Inyo 95:471–474. County, California. Herpetologica 17:260– Schroeder, E.E., and T.S. Baskett. 1965. Frogs 266. and toads of Missouri. Missouri Schuierer, F.W. 1963. Notes on two Conservationist 26:15–18. populations of Bufo exsul Myers and a Schroeder, E.E., and T.S. Baskett. 1968. Age commentary on speciation within the Bufo estimation, growth rates, and population boreas group. Herpetologica 18:262–267. structure in Missouri bullfrogs. Copeia Schuierer, F.W. 1966. Environmental effects 1968:583–592. on the plasma proteins of Bufo boreas. Ph.D. Schueler, F.W. 1973. Frogs of the Ontario dissertation, Stanford University, Palo Alto, coast of Hudson Bay and James Bay. California. Canadian Field–Naturalist 87:409–418. Schuierer, F.W. 1972. The current status of the Schueler, F.W. 1975. Geographic variation in endangered species Bufo exsul Myers, Deep 261

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Springs Valley, Inyo County, California. Schwalbe, C.R., and B. Alberti. 1998. Ground– Herpetological Review 4:81–82. truthing a troll. Studying the barking frog at Schuierer, F.W., and S.C. Anderson. 1990. Coronado National Memorial. Park Science Population status of Bufo exsul Myers, 1942. 18:26–27. Herpetological Review 21:57. Schwaner, T.D., and B.K. Sullivan. 2005. Bufo Schulte–Hostedde, A.I., and C.M.M. Schank. microscaphus Cope 1867 “1866.” Arizona 2009. Secondary sexual traits and individual Toad. Pp. 422–424 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), phenotype in male green frogs (Rana Amphibian Declines. The Conservation clamitans). Journal of Herpetology 43:89–95. Status of United States Species. University of Schurbon, J.M. 2000. Effects of prescribed California Press, Berkeley. burning on amphibian diversity in the Francis Schwaner, T.D., and B.K. Sullivan. 2009. Fifty Marion National Forest, South Carolina. years of hybridization: introgression between M.S. thesis, University of Charleston, the (Bufo microscaphus) and Charleston, South Carolina. Woodhouse’s toad (B. woodhousii) along Schurbon, J.M., and J.E. Fauth. 2003. Effects Beaver Dam Wash in Utah. Herpetological of prescribed burning on amphibian diversity Conservation and Biology 4:198–206. in a southeastern U.S. national forest. Schwaner, T.D., D.R. Hadley, K.R. Jenkins, Conservation Biology 17:1338–1349. M.P. Donovan, and B. Al Tait. 1997. Schuytema, G.S., and A.V. Nebeker. 1999a. Population dynamics and life history Effects of ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, studies of toads: short– and long–range needs and urea on red–legged frogs, Pacific for understanding amphibian populations treefrogs, and African clawed frogs. Bulletin in southern Utah. Pp. 197–202 In L.M. Hill of Environmental Contamination and (ed.), Learning from the Land. Grand Toxicology 63:357–364. Staircase–Escalante National Monument Schuytema, G.S., and A.V. Nebeker. 1999b. Science Symposium Proceedings, USDI Comparative effects of ammonium and Bureau of Land Management BLM/UT/GI– nitrate compounds on Pacific Treefrog and 98/006+1220. African clawed frog embryos. Archives of Schwartz, A. 1952. Hyla septentrionalis Environmental Contamination and Dumeril and Bibron on the Florida mainland. Toxicology 36:200–206. Copeia 1952:117–118. Schuytema, G.S., A.V. Nebeker, and W.L. Schwartz, A. 1955. The chorus frog Pseudacris Griffis. 1995. Comparative toxicity of brachyphona in North Carolina. Copeia Guthion and Guthion 2S to Xenopus laevis 1955:138. and Pseudacris regilla tadpoles. Bulletin of Schwartz, A. 1957. Chorus frogs (Pseudacris Environmental Contamination and nigrita LeConte) in South Carolina. Toxicology 54:382–388. American Museum Novitates 1838:1–12. Schwalbe, C.R., and P.C. Rosen. 1988. Schwartz, A., and J.R. Harrison III. 1956. A Preliminary report on effect of bullfrogs on new subspecies of gopher frog (Rana capito wetland herpetofaunas in southeastern Leconte). Proceedings of the Biological Arizona. Pp. 166–173 In R.C. Szaro, K.E. Society of Washington 69:135–144. Severson, and D.R. Patton (eds.), Schwartz, J.J. 1987. The function of call Management of Amphibians, Reptiles, and alternation in anuran amphibians: a test of Small Mammals in North America. USDA three hypotheses. Evolution 41:461–471. Forest Service General and Technical Report Schwartz, J.J. 1989. Graded aggressive calls of RM–166. the spring peeper, Pseudacris crucifer. 262

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Herpetologica 45:172–181. the gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor). Journal of Schwartz, J.J., and H.C. Gerhardt. 1995. Comparative Psychology 122:283–288. Directionality of the auditory system and call Schwartz, V., and D.M. Golden. 2002. Field pattern recognition during acoustic Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of New interference in the gray tree frog, Hyla Jersey. New Jersey Division of Fish and versicolor. Auditory Neuroscience 1:195– Wildlife, Woodbine. 206. Scott, A.F., and D.F. Harker. 1968. First Schwartz, J.J., and H.C. Gerhardt. 1998. The records of the barking treefrog, Hyla gratiosa of frequency preferences in Le Conte, from Tennessee. Herpetologica the spring peeper. Animal Behaviour 24:82–83. 56:55–69. Scott, D.E., E. D. Casey, M.F. Donovan, and Schwartz, J.J., and V.T. Marshall. 2006. Forms T.K. Lynch. 2007. Amphibian lipid levels at of call overlap and their impact on metamorphosis correlate to post– advertisement call attractiveness to females metamorphic terrestrial survival. Oecologia of the gray treefrog, Hyla versicolor. 153:521– 532. Bioacoustics 16:39–56. Scott, D.E., B.S. Metts, and J.W. Gibbons. Schwartz, J.J., and K.M. Rahmeyer. 2006. 2008. Enhancing amphibian biodiversity on Calling behavior and the capacity for golf courses with seasonal wetlands. Pp. sustained locomotory exercise in the gray 285–292 In J.C. Mitchell, R.E. Jung Brown, treefrog (Hyla versicolor). Journal of and B. Bartholomew (eds.), Urban Herpetology 40:164–171. Herpetology. Herpetological Conservation 3. Schwartz, J.J., M.A. Bee, and S.D. Tanner. Society for the Study of Amphibians and 2000. A behavioral and neurobiological study Reptiles, Salt Lake City, Utah. of the responses of gray treefrogs, Hyla Scott, G.W., and C.C. Carpenter. 1956. Body versicolor, to the calls of a predator, Rana temperatures of Bufo w. woodhousei. catesbeiana. Herpetologica 56:27–37. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Schwartz, J.J., B.W. Buchanan, and H.C. Science 36:84–85. Gerhardt. 2001. Female mate choice in the Scott, N.J., Jr., and R.D. Jennings. 1985. The gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor) in three tadpoles of five species of New Mexican experimental environments. Behavioral leopard frogs. Occasional Papers, the Ecology and Sociobiology 49:443–455. Museum of Southwestern Biology 3:1–21. Schwartz, J.J., B.W. Buchanan, and H.C. Scott, N.J., Jr., and R.D. Jennings. 1989. Our Gerhardt. 2002. Acoustic interactions among enigmatic leopard frogs. New Mexico gray treefrogs, Hyla versicolor, in a chorus Wildlife (March–April):6–9. setting.Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Scudday, J.F. 1965. Eleutherodacylus latrans 53:9–19. in Terrell County, Trans–Pecos, Texas. Schwartz, J.J., K. Huth, and T. Hutchin. 2004. Southwestern Naturalist 10:78. How long do females really listen? Seale, D.B. 1980. Influence of amphibian Assessment time for female mate choice in larvae on primary production, nutrient flux, the grey treefrog, Hyla versicolor. Animal and competition in a pond ecosystem. Behaviour 68:533–540. Ecology 61:1531–1550. Schwartz, J.J., R. Brown, S.Turner, K. Dushaj, Seale, D.B. 1982. Physical factors influencing and M. Castano. 2008. Interference risk and oviposition by the wood frog, Rana sylvatica, the function of dynamic shifts in calling in in Pennsylvania. Copeia 1982:627–635. 263

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spadefoot toads. Wilson Bulletin 86:167– Molecular Ecology 9:245–257. 168. Shaffer, H.B., G.M. Fellers, S.R. Voss, J.C. Sexton, O.J., and C. Phillips. 1986. A Oliver, and G.B. Pauly. 2004. Species qualitative study of fish–amphibian boundaries, phylogeography and interactions in 3 Missouri ponds. conservation genetics of the red–legged frog Transactions, Missouri Academy of Science (Rana aurora/draytonii) complex. Molecular 20:25–35. Ecology 13:2667–2677. Sexton, O.J., C.A. Phillips, T.J. Bergman, E.B. Shah, A.A., M.J. Ryan, E. Bevilacqua, and Wattenberg, and R.E. Preston. 1998. M.L. Schlaepfer. 2010. Prior experience Abandon not hope: status of repatriated alters the behavioral responses of prey to a populations of spotted salamanders and wood nonnative predator. Journal of Herpetology frogs at the Tyson Research Center, St. 44:185–192. Louis County, Missouri. Pp. 340–353 In M.J. Shannon, F.A. 1949. A western subspecies of Lannoo (ed.), Status & Distribution of Bufo woodhousii hitherto erroneously Midwestern Amphibians. University of Iowa associated with Bufo compactilis. Bulletin of Press, Iowa City. the Chicago Academy of Science 8:301–312. Seyle, C.W., Jr., and S.E. Trauth. 1982. Shannon, F.A., and C.H. Lowe, Jr. 1955. A Pseudacris ornata (Ornate Chorus Frog). new subspecies of Bufo woodhousei from the Reproduction. Herpetological Review 13:45. inland Southwest. Herpetologica 11:185– Seymour, R.S. 1972a. Physiological correlates 190. of activity and dormancy in spadefoot toads. Shannon, P.R. 1988. The parasites of breeding Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, male eastern gray treefrogs, Hyla versicolor Los Angeles. LeConte, 1825, from the Ashland Wildlife Seymour, R.S. 1972b. Behavioral Research Area, Boone County, Missouri. thermoregulation by juvenile green toads, M.S. thesis, University of Missouri, Bufo debilis. Copeia 1972:572–575. Columbia. Seymour, R.S. 1973a. Physiological correlates Sharp, C.C.R. 2008. Effects of copper and light of forced activity and burrowing in the exposure on the development and survival of spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus hammondii. the wood frog tadpole (Rana sylvatica). M.S. Copeia 1973:103–115. thesis, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio. Seymour, R.S. 1973b. Energy metabolism of Shaw, G. 1802. General Zoology, or dormant spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus). Systematic Natural History. Vol 3, Part I. Copeia 1973:435–445. Amphibia. Thomas Davison, London. Seymour, R.S. 1995. Oxygen uptake by Sheldon, A.B.2006. Amphibians & Reptiles of embryos in gelatinous egg masses of Rana the North Woods. Kollath+Stensaas sylvatica: the roles of diffusion and Publishing, Duluth, Minnesota. convection. Copeia 1995:626–635. Shelford, V.E. 1913. The reactions of certain Shaffer, H.B., G.M. Fellers, A. Magee, and animals to gradients of evaporating power of S.R. Voss. 2000. The genetics of amphibian air: a study in experimental ecology. declines: population substructure and Biological Bulletin 25:79–120. molecular differentiation in the Yosemite Shelford, V.E. 1914. Modification of the toad, Bufo canorus (Anura, Bufonidae), behavior of land animals by contact with air based on single–stranded conformation of high evaporating power. Journal of Animal polymorphism analysis (SSCP) and Behavior (Boston) 4:31–49. mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Shelford, V.E., and A.C. Twomey. 1941. 266

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Tundra animal communities in the vicinity of for a role for olfactory cues in the feeding Churchill, Manitoba. Ecology 22:47–61. response of Western toads (Bufo boreas). Shepard, D. B. 2000. Aggressive behavior and Copeia 1979:163–165. potential of territoriality in the green frog Shirer, H.W., and H.S. Fitch. 1970. Rana clamitans. M.S. thesis, Illinois State Comparison from radiotracking of University, Normal. movements and denning habits of the Shepard, D.B. 2002. Spatial relationships of raccoon, striped , and in male green frogs (Rana clamitans) northeastern Kansas. Journal of Mammalogy throughout the activity season. American 51:491–503. Midland Naturalist 148:394–400. Shirose, L. J., and R. J. Brooks. 1995a. Growth Shepard, D.B. 2004. Seasonal differences in rate and age at maturity in syntopic aggression and site tenacity in male green populations of Rana clamitans and Rana frogs, Rana clamitans. Copeia 2004:159– septentrionalis in central Ontario. Canadian 164. Journal of Zoology 73:1468–1473. Shepard, D.B., and A.R. Kuhns. 2000. Shirose, L. J., and R. J. Brooks. 1995b. Age Pseudacris triseriata (Western Chorus Frog): structure, mortality, and longevity in syntopic calling sites after drought. Herpetological populations of three species of ranid frogs in Review 31:235–236. central Ontario. Canadian Journal of Shepard, D.B., and L.E. Brown. 2005. Bufo Zoology 73:1878–1886. houstonensis Sanders, 1953: Houston Toad. Shirose, L.J., and R.J. Brooks. 1997. Pp. 415–417 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Fluctuations in abundance and age structure Amphibian Declines. The Conservation in three species of frogs (Anura: Ranidae) in Status of United States Species. University of Algonquin Park, Canada, from 1985 to 1993. California Press, Berkeley. SSAR Herpetological Conservation 1:16–26. Sheridan, C.D., and D.H. Olson. 2003. Shirose, L.J., R.J. Brooks, J.R. Barta, and S.S. Amphibian assemblages in zero–order basins Desser. 1993. Intersexual differences in in the Oregon Coast Range. Canadian Journal growth, mortality, and size at maturity in of Forest Research 33:1452–1477. bullfrogs in central Ontario. Canadian Sherwood, W.J. 1898. The frogs and toads Journal of Zoology 71:2363–2369. found in the vicinity of New York City. Shirose, L.J., C.A. Bishop, D.M. Green, C.J. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New MacDonald, R.J. Brooks, and N.J. Helferty. York 10:9–24. 1997. Validation tests of an amphibian call Shields, M.A. 1985. Selective use of pitfall survey technique in Ontario, Canada. traps by southern leopard frogs. Herpetologica 53:312–320. Herpetological Review 16:14. Shive, P.P., D.S. Pilliod., and C.R. Peterson. Shinn, E.A., and J.W. Dole. 1978. Evidence for 2010. Hyperspectral analysis of Columbia a role for olfactory cues in the feeding spotted frog habitat. Journal of Wildlife response of leopard frogs, Rana pipiens. Management 74:1387–1394. Herpetologica 34:167–172. Shively, J.N., J.G. Songer, S. Prchal, M.S. Shinn, E.A., and J.W. Dole. 1979a. Lipid Keasey III, and C.O. Thoen. 1981. components of prey odors elicit feeding Mycobacterium marinum infection in responses in Western toads (Bufo boreas). Bufonidae. Journal of Wildlife Diseases Copeia 1979:275–278. 17:3–7. Shinn, E.A., and J.W. Dole. 1979b. Evidence Shoemaker, V.H., L. McClanahan, Jr., and R. 267

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Ruibal. 1969. Seasonal changes in body on amphibian abundance in constructed fluids in a field population of spadefoot wetlands. Wetlands 30:915–928. toads. Copeia 1969:585–591. Shulse, C.D., R.D. Semlitsch, K.M. Trauth, Shoo, L. P., D.H. Olson, S.K. McMenamin, and J.E. Gardner. 2012a. Testing wetland K.A. Murray, M. Van Sluys, M.A. Donnelly, features to increase amphibian reproductive D. Stratford, J. Terhivuo, A. Merino‐ success and species richness for mitigation Viteri, S.M. Herbert, and P.J. Bishop. 2011. and restoration. Ecological Applications Engineering a future for amphibians under 22:1675–1688. climate change. Journal of Applied Ecology Shulse, C.D., R. D. Semlitsch, K.M. Trauth, 48:487–492. and J. E. Gardner. 2012b. Amphibian Shoop, C.R., and C. Ruckdeschel. 2003. reproductive success in wetlands. Bulletin of Herpetological biogeography of the Georgia the Ecological Society of America 93:236– Barrier islands: an alternative 237. interpretation. Florida Scientist 66:43–51. Shutler, D., and D.J. Marcogliese. 2011. Shoop, C.R., and C. Ruckdeschel. 2006. Leukocyte profiles of northern leopard frogs, Amphibians and reptiles of Cumberland Lithobates pipiens, exposed to pesticides and Island, Georgia. Occasional Publications of hematozoa in agricultural wetlands. Copeia the Cumberland Island Museum No. 2, St. 2011:301–307. Marys, Georgia. Shutler, D., T.G. Smith, and S.R. Robinson. Shovlain, A.M. 2006. Oregon spotted frog 2009. Relationships between leucocytes and (Rana pretiosa) habitat use and herbage (or Hepatozoon spp. in green frogs, Rana biomass) removal from grazing at Jack clamitans. Journal of Wildlife Diseases Creek, Klamath County, Oregon. M.S. thesis, 45:67–72. Oregon State University, Corvallis. Sias, J. 2006. Natural history and distribution Shreve, B. 1945. Application of the name of the upland chorus frog, Pseudacris Eleutherodacylus ricordii. Copeia 1945:117. feriarum Baird, in West Virginia. M.S. Shubin, N.H., and F.A. Jenkins, Jr. 1995. An thesis, Marshall University, Huntington, Early jumping frog. Nature 377:49– West Virginia. 52. Siegel, D.S., D.M. Sever, T.A. Schriever, and Shulse, C.D. 2011. Building better wetlands for R.E. Chabarria. 2008. Ultrastructure and amphibians: investigating the roles of histochemistry of the adhesive breeding engineered wetland features and glands in male Gastrophryne carolinensis mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) on (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae). Copeia amphibian abundance and reproductive 2008:877–881. success. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Siegler, H.R. 1962. New Hampshire Nature Missouri, Columbia. Notes.Equity Publishing Corporation, Orford, Shulse, C.D., R.D. Semlitsch, and K.M. New Hampshire. Trauth. 2009. Development of an amphibian Siekmann, J.M. 1949. A survey of the tadpoles biotic index to evaluate wetland health in of Louisiana. M.S. thesis, Louisiana State northern Missouri. World Environmental and University, Baton Rouge. Water Resources Congress, ASCE. Sielecki, L.E. 2010. Wildlife Identification 342:2657–2667. Field Guide. Red and Blue Listed Shulse, C.D., R.D. Semlitsch, K.M. Trauth, Amphibians and Reptiles in British and A.D. Williams. 2010. Influences of Columbia. Ministry of Transportation and design and landscape placement parameters Infrastructure,Victoria. 268

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Sievert, G., and L. Sievert. 2005. A Field Simon, M.P., I. Vatnick, H.A. Hopey, K. Guide to Oklahoma’s Amphibians and Butler, C. Korver, C. Hilton, R.S. Weimann, Reptiles. Oklahoma Department of Wildlife and M.A. Brodkin. 2002. Effects of acid Conservation, Oklahoma City. [second exposure on natural resistance and mortality printing 2006] on adult Rana pipiens. Journal of Sievert, G., and L. Sievert. 2011. A Field Herpetology 36:697–699. Guide to Oklahoma’s Amphibians and Simons, L.H. 1998. Rana cascadae (Cascade’s Reptiles. Third Edition. Oklahoma Frog). Predation. Herpetological Review Department of Wildlife Conservation, 29:232. Oklahoma City. Simovich, M.A. 1985. Analysis of a hybrid Sievert, L. 1991. Thermoregulatory behaviour zone between the spadefoot toads Scaphiopus in the toads Bufo marinus and Bufo cognatus. multiplicatus and Scaphiopus bombifrons. Journal of Thermal Biology 16:309–312. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California– Sievert, L.M., and J.L. Poore. 1995. Riverside. Thermoregulatory behavior of Bufo Simovich, M.A. 1994. The dynamics of a americanus: effects of melatonin, spadefoot toad (Spea multiplicata and S. chlorpromazine, and time of day. Copeia bombifrons) hybridization system. Pp. 167– 1995:490–494. 182 In P.R. Brown and J.W. Wright (eds.), Sievert, L.M., and J.K. Bailey. 2000. Specific Herpetology of the North American Deserts. dynamic action in the toad, Bufo woodhousii. Proceedings of a Symposium. Southwestern Copeia 2000:1076–1078. Herpetologists Society, Special Publication Sih, A., A.M. Bell, and J.L. Kirby. 2004. Two No. 5. stressors are far deadlier than one. Trends in Simovich, M.A., C.A. Sassaman, and A. Ecology and Evolution 19:274–276. Chovnick. 1991. Post–mating selection of Sim, R. 1895. and toads. Natural hybrid toads (Scaphiopus multiplicatus and Science News 1(12):45. Scaphiopus bombifrons). Proceedings of the Simandle, E.T. 2006. Population structure and San Diego Society of Natural History No. conservation of two rare toad species (Bufo 5:1–6. exsul and Bufo nelsoni) in the Great Basin, Sin, H., K.H. Beard, and W.C. Pitt. 2008. An USA. Ph.D. dissertation, University of invasive frog, Eleutherodacylus coqui, Nevada, Reno. increases new leaf production and leaf litter Simmons, A.M., and M. E. Bean. 2000. decomposition rates through nutrient cycling Perception of mistuned harmonics in in Hawaii. Biological Invasions 10:335–345. complex sounds by the bullfrog (Rana Singer, S.R., and S. Grismaijer. 2005. Panic in catesbeiana). Journal of Comparative Paradise. Invasive Species Hysteria and the Psychology 114:167–173. Hawaiian Coqui Frog War. ISCD Press, Simmons, R., and J.D. Hardy, Jr. 1959. The Pahoa, Hawaii. river–swamp frog, Rana heckscheri Wright, Skehan, P., Jr. 1959. Early emergence of Bufo in North Carolina. Herpetologica 15:36–37. americanus from hibernation. Herpetologica Simon, J.A., J.W. Snodgrass, R.E. Casey, and 15:80. D.W. Sparling. 2009. Spatial correlates of Skelly, D.K. 1992a. Larval distributions of amphibian use of constructed wetlands in an spring peepers and chorus frogs: regulating urban landscape. Landscape Ecology 24:361– factors and the role of larval behavior. Ph.D. 373. dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann 269

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Arbor. Skelly, D.K., and J. Golon. 2003. Assimilation Skelly, D.K. 1992b. Field evidence for a cost of natural benthic substrates by two species of behavioral antipredator response in a of tadpoles. Herpetologica 59:37–42. larval amphibian. Ecology 73:704–708. Skelly, D.K., and M. F. Benard. 2010. Mystery Skelly, D.K. 1994. Activity level and the unsolved: missing limbs in deformed susceptibility of anuran larvae to predation. amphibians. Journal of Experimental Animal Behaviour 47:465–468. Zoology B: Molecular and Developmental Skelly, D.K. 1995a. A behavioral tradeoff and Evolution 314B:179–181. its consequences for the distribution of Skelly, D.K., E.E. Werner, and S.A, Pseudacris treefrog larvae. Ecology 76:150– Cortwright. 1999. Long–term distributional 164. dynamics of a Michigan amphibian Skelly, D.K. 1995b. Competition and the assemblage. Ecology 80:2326–2337. distribution of spring peeper larvae. Skelly, D.K., L.K. Freidenburg, and J.M. Oecologia 103:203–207. Kiesecker. 2002. Forest canopy and the Skelly, D.K. 1996. Pond drying, predators, and performance of larval amphibians. Ecology the distribution of Pseudacris tadpoles. 83:983–992. Copeia 1996:599–605. Skelly, D.K., K.L. Yurewicz, E.E. Werner, and Skelly, D.K. 1997. Tadpole communities: pond R.A. Relyea. 2003. Estimating decline and permanence and predation are powerful distributional change in amphibians. forces shaping the structure of tadpole Conservation Biology 17:744–751. communities. American Scientist 85:36–45. Skelly, D. K., M. A. Halverson, L. K. Skelly, D.K. 2001. Distributions of pond– Freidenburg, and M. C. Urban. 2005. Canopy breeding anurans: an overview of closure and amphibian diversity in forested mechanisms. Israel Journal of Zoology wetlands.Wetlands Ecology and Management 47:313–332. 13:261–268. Skelly, D.K. 2002. Experimental venue and Skelly, D.K., S.R. Bolden, M.P. Holland, L.K. estimation of interaction strength. Ecology Freidenburg, N.A. Friedenfelds, and T.R. 83:2097–2101. Malcolm. 2006. Urbanization and disease in Skelly, D.K. 2004. Microgeographic amphibians. Pp. 153–167 In S.K. Collinge, countergradient variation in the wood frog, and C. Ray (eds.), Disease Ecology: Rana sylvatica. Evolution 58:160–165. Community Structure and Pathogen Skelly, D.K. 2005. Experimental venue and Dynamics. Oxford University Press, Cary, estimation of interaction strength: reply. North Carolina. Ecology 86:1068–1071. Skelly, D. K., S. R. Bolden, L. K. Freidenburg, Skelly, D.K., and E.E. Werner. 1990. N. A. Freidenfelds, and R. Levey. 2007. Behavioral and life–historical responses of Ribeiroia infection is not responsible for larval American toads to an odonate predator. Vermont amphibian deformities. EcoHealth Ecology 71:2313–2322. 4:156–163. Skelly, D.K., and L.K. Freidenburg. 2000. Skelly, D.K., S.R. Bolden, and K.B. Dion. Effects of beaver on the thermal biology of 2010. Intersex frogs concentrated in suburban an amphibian. Ecology Letters 3:483–486. and urban landscapes. EcoHealth 7:374–379. Skelly, D.K., and J.M. Kiesecker. 2001. Venue Skidds, D.E., F.C. Golet, P.W.C. Paton, and and outcome in ecological experiments: J.C. Mitchell. 2007. Habitat correlates of manipulations of larval anurans. Oikos reproductive effort in wood frogs and spotted 94:198–208. salamanders in an urbanizing watershed. 270

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Journal of Herpetology 41:439–450. Smith, A.K. 1973. Feeding strategies and Slater, J.R. 1931. The mating of Ascaphus truei population dynamics of the bullfrog (Rana Stejneger. Copeia 1931:62–63. catesbeiana). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Slater, J.R. 1939a. Description and life–history Kansas, Lawrence. of a new Rana from Washington. Smith, A.K. 1977. Attraction of bullfrogs Herpetologica 1:145–149. (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) to distress calls ±Slater, J.R. 1939b. Some species of of immature frogs. Journal of Herpetology amphibians new to the state of Washington. 11:234–235. Occasional Papers, Department of Biology, Smith, B.E. 2003. Conservation assessment for College of Puget Sound No. 2:4–5. the Northern Leopard Frog in the Black Hills Slater, J.R. 1941a. Island records of National Forest, South Dakota and amphibians and reptiles for Washington. Wyoming. USDA Forest Service, Black Hills Occasional Papers, Department of Biology, National Forest, Custer, South Dakota. College of Puget Sound No. 13:74–77. http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/blackhills/projects/pl Slater, J.R. 1941b. The distribution of anning/assessments/leopard_frog.pdf amphibians and reptiles in Idaho. Occasional Smith, B.E., and D.A. Keinath. 2007. Northern Papers, Department of Biology, College of leopard frog (Rana pipiens): a technical Puget Sound No. 14:78–109. conservation assessment. USDA Forest Slater, J.R. 1955. Distribution of Washington Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Species amphibians. Occasional Papers, Department Conservation Project. http://www.fs.fed.us/ of Biology, College of Puget Sound No. r2/projects/scp/assessments/northernleopardfr 16:120–154. og.pdf Slater, J.R. 1964a. A key to adult amphibians Smith, C.C., and A.N. Bragg. 1949. of Washington State. Occasional Papers, Observations on the ecology and natural Department of Biology, College of Puget history of anura, 7. Food and feeding habits Sound No. 25:235–236. of the common species of toads in Oklahoma. Slater, J.R. 1964b. County records of Ecology 30:333–349. amphibians for Washington. Occasional Smith, D.A. 1953. Northern swamp tree frog, Papers, Department of Biology, College of Pseudacris nigrita septentrionalis Puget Sound No. 26:237–242. (Boulenger) from Churchill, Manitoba. Slevin, J.R. 1928. The amphibians of western Canadian Field–Naturalist 67:181–182. North America. An account of the species Smith, D.C. 1983. Factors controlling tadpole known to inhabit California, Alaska, British populations of the chorus frog (Pseudacris Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Utah, triseriata) on Isle Royale, Michigan. Ecology Nevada, Arizona, Sonora, and Lower 64:501–510. California. Occasional Papers of the Smith, D.C. 1987. Adult recruitment in chorus California Academy of Sciences 16:1–144. frogs: effects of size and date at Sloan, A.J.1964. Amphibians of San Diego metamorphosis. Ecology 68:344–350. County. Occasional Papers of the San Diego Smith, D.C. 1990. Population structure and Natural History Society No. 13. competition among kin in the chorus frog Slough, B.G. 2009. Amphibian chytrid fungus (Pseudacris triseriata). Evolution 44:1529– in Western toads (Anaxyrus boreas) in 1541. British Columbia and Yukon, Canada. Smith, D.D., and R. Powell. 1983. Acris Herpetological Review 40:319–321. crepitans blanchardi (Blanchard’s Cricket 271

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

Frog). Anomalies. Herpetological Review plasticity of wood frog (Rana sylvatica) eggs 14:118–119. in response to mosquitofish (Gambusia Smith, D.G., C.R. Wilson, and H.W. Frost. affinis) cues. Herpetological Conservation 1972. The biology of the American kestrel in and Biology 4:43–47. central Utah. Southwestern Naturalist 17:73– Smith, G.R., and A.A. Burgett. 2012a. Effects 83. of nutrient enrichment and changes in the Smith, G.R. 1999a. Microhabitat preferences of background tadpole community on American bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana) of bullfrog tadpoles. Herpetological Journal different ages. Transactions of the Nebraska 22:173–178. Academy of Sciences 25:73–76. Smith, G.R., and A.A. Burgett. 2012b. Smith, G.R. 1999b. Among family variation in Interaction between two species of tadpoles tadpole (Rana catesbeiana) responses to mediated by nutrient enrichment. density. Journal of Herpetology 33:167–169. Herpetologica 68:174–183. Smith, G.R. 2001. Effects of acute exposure to Smith, G.R., and C.J. Dibble. 2012. Effects of commercial formulation of plyphosate on the an invasive fish (Gambusia affinis) and tadpoles of two species of anurans. Bulletin anthropogenic nutrient enrichment on of Environmental Contamination and American toad (Anaxyrus americanus) Toxicology 67:483–488. tadpoles. Journal of Herpetology 46:198– Smith, G.R. 2002. Pseudacris crucifer (Spring 202. Peeper). Predation. Herpetological Review Smith, G.R., J.E. Rettig, G.G. Mittelbach, J.L. 33:48. Valiulis, and S.R. Schaack. 1999. The effects Smith, G.R. 2007. Lack of effect of nitrate, of fish on assemblages of amphibians in nitrite, and phosphorus on wood frog (Rana ponds: a field experiment. Freshwater sylvatica) tadpoles. Applied Herpetology Biology 41:829–837. 4:287–291. Smith, G.R., M.A. Waters, and J.E. Rettig. Smith, G.R., and A.K. Jennings. 2004. Spacing 2000. Consequences of embryonic UV–B of the tadpoles of Hyla versicolor and Rana exposure for embryos and tadpoles of the clamitans. Journal of Herpetology 38:616– plains leopard frog. Conservation Biology 618. 14:1903–1907. Smith, G.R., and B.L. Doupnik. 2005. Habitat Smith, G.R., A. Todd, J.E. Rettig, and F. use and activity level of large American Nelson. 2003. Microhabitat selection by bullfrog tadpoles: choices and repeatability. northern cricket frogs (Acris crepitans) along Amphibia–Reptilia 26:549–552. a west–central Missouri creek: field and Smith, G.R., and J.J. Schulte. 2008. experimental observations. Journal of Conservation management implications of Herpetology 37:383–385. substrate choice in recently metamorphosed Smith, G.R., H.A. Dingfelder, and D.A. Vaala. American toads (Bufo americanus). Applied 2004. Asymmetric competition between Herpetology 5:87–92. Rana clamitans and Hyla versicolor tadpoles. Smith, G.R., and A.R. Awan. 2009. The roles Oikos 105:626–632. of predator identity and group size in the Smith, G.R., C.J. Dibble, A. Boyd, M.E. Ogle, antipredator responses of American toad A.J. Terlecky, and C.B. Dayer. 2007. Bufo (Bufo americanus) and bullfrog (Rana americanus (American Toad). Hindlimb catesbeiana) tadpoles. Behaviour 146:225– deformities. Herpetological Review 38:318– 243. 319. Smith, G.R., and D.T. Fortune. 2009. Hatching Smith, G.R., A. Boyd, C.B. Dayer, and K.E. 272

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Winter. 2008. Behavioral responses of of the Kansas Academy of Science 35:93–96. American toad and bullfrog tadpoles to the Smith, H.M. 1932b. Ascaphus truei Stejneger presence of cues from the invasive fish, in Montana. Copeia 1932:100. Gambusia affinis. Biological Invasions Smith, H.M. 1933. On the proper name for the 10:743–748. brevicipitid frog Gastrophryne texensis Smith, G.R., A. Boyd, C.B. Dayer, M.E. Ogle, (Girard). Copeia 1933: 217. and A.J. Terlecky. 2009. Responses of gray Smith, H.M. 1934. The amphibians of Kansas. treefrog and American toad tadpoles to the American Midland Naturalist 15:377–528. presence of cues from multiple predators. Smith, H.M. 1937. Notes on Scaphiopus Herpetological Journal 19:79–83. hurterii Strecker. Herpetologica 1:104–108. Smith, G.R., A. Boyd, C.B. Dayer, M.E. Ogle, Smith, H.M. 1947a. Subspecies of the Sonoran A.J. Terlecky, and C.J. Dibble. 2010. Effects toad (Bufo compactilis Wiegmann). of sibship and the presence of multiple Herpetologica 4:7–13. predators on the behavior of green frog (Rana Smith, H.M. 1947b. Pseudacris clarkii and clamitans) tadpoles. Ethology 116:217–225. P.n. triseriata in Texas. Herpetologica Smith, G.R., S.V. Krishnamurthy, A.C. Burger, 3:183–184. and L.B. Mills. 2011a. Differential effects of Smith, H.M. 1950. Handbook of amphibians malathion and nitrate exposure on American and reptiles of Kansas. Miscellaneous toad and wood frog tadpoles. Archives of Publications of the Museum of Natural Environmental Contamination and History, University of Kansas (2):1–336. [2nd Toxicology 60:327–335. edition 1956] Smith, G.R., A.J. Terlecky, C.B. Dayer, A. Smith, H.M., and B.C. Brown. 1947. The Boyd, M.E. Ogle and C.J. Dibble. 2011b. Texan subspecies of the treefrog, Hyla Effects of mosquitofish and ammonium versicolor. Proceedings of the Biological nitrate on activity of green frog (Lithobates Society of Washington 60:47–50. clamitans) tadpoles: a mesocosm experiment. Smith, H.M., and H.K. Buechner. 1947. The Journal of Freshwater Ecology 26:59–63. influence of the Balcones Escarpment on the Smith, G.R., A.A. Burgett, and J.E. Rettig. distribution of amphibians and reptiles in 2012. Effects of the anuran tadpole Texas. Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of assemblage and nutrient enrichment on Sciences 8:1–16. freshwater snail abundance (Physella sp.). Smith, H.M., and D.A. Langebartel. 1949. The American Midland Naturalist 168:341–351. toad Bufo valliceps in Arkansas. Copeia Smith, H.C. 1975. Reproductive cycles of Bufo 1949:230. woodhousii and Acris gryllus in northern Smith, H.M., and J.C. List. 1951. The Mississippi, with additional notes on occurrence of digital pads as an anomaly in Pseudacris triseriata and Hyla chrysoscelis. the bullfrog. Turtox News 29:118–119. Ph.D. dissertation, Mississippi State Smith, H.M., and O. Sanders. 1952. University, Mississippi State. Distributional data on Texan amphibians and Smith, H.H., R.T. Zappalorti, A.R. Breisch, reptiles. Texas Journal of Science 4:204–219. and D.L. McKinley. 1995. The type locality Smith, H.M., C.W. Nixon, and P.E. Smith. of the frog Acris crepitans. Herpetological 1948. A partial description of the tadpole of Review 26:14. Rana areolata circulosa and notes on the Smith, H.M. 1932a. A report upon amphibians natural history of the race. American Midland hitherto unknown from Kansas. Transactions Naturalist 39:608–614. 273

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

Smith, H.M., T.P. Maslin, and R.L. Brown. Conservation in Florida. Krieger Publishing, 1965. Summary of the distribution of the Malabar, Florida. herpetofauna of Colorado. University of Smith, L.L., W.J. Barichivich, J.S. Staiger, Colorado Studies, Series in Biology No. K.G. Smith, and C.K. Dodd, Jr. 2006a. 15:1–52. Detection probabilities and site occupancy Smith, H.M., R. Mixter, and T. Spandler. 1966. estimates for amphibians at Okefenokee The bullfrog and other reptiles and National Wildlife Refuge. American Midland amphibians in western South Dakota. Journal Naturalist 155:149–161. of the Ohio Herpetological Society 5:106– Smith, L.L., D.A. Steen, J.M. Stober, M.C. 107. Freeman, S.W. Golladay, L.M. Conner and J. Smith, H.M., D. Chiszar, J.T. Collins, and F. Cochrane. 2006b. The vertebrate fauna of van Breukelen. 1998. The taxonomic status Ichauway, Baker County, GA. Southeastern of the Wyoming toad, Bufo baxteri Porter. Naturalist 5:599–620. Contemporary Herpetology 1. Smith, L.M., M.J. Gray, and A. Quarles. 2004. http://www.contemporaryherpetology.org/ch/ Diets of newly metamorphosed amphibians 1998/1/CH_1998_1.pdf in west Texas playas. Southwestern Smith, K.G. 2004. Osteopilus septentrionalis Naturalist 49:257–263. (Cuban Treefrog). Reproductive behavior. Smith, M.A. 2002. Pseudacris triseriata Herpetological Review 35:374–375. triseriata (Western Chorus Frog). Smith, K.G. 2005a. Effects of nonindigenous Reproduction. Herpetological Review tadpoles on native tadpoles in Florida: 33:127. evidence of competition. Biological Smith, M.A., and D.M. Green. 2002. Bufo Conservation 123:433–441. fowleri (Fowler’s Toad). Predation. Smith, K.G. 2005b. An exploratory assessment Herpetological Review 33:124. of Cuban treefrog (Osteopilus Smith, M.A, and D.M. Green. 2004. septentrionalis) tadpoles as predators of Phylogeography of Bufo fowleri at its native and nonindigenous tadpoles in Florida. northern range limit. Molecular Ecology Amphibia–Reptilia 26:571–575. 13:3723–3733. Smith, K.G. 2005c. Nonindigenous Smith, M.A., and D.M. Green. 2005a. Bufo herpetofauna of Florida: patterns of richness fowleri (Fowler’s Toad). Predation. and case studies of the impacts of the Herpetological Review 36:159–160. tadpoles of two invasive amphibians, Smith, M.A., and D.M. Green. 2005b. Osteopilus septentrionalis and Bufo marinus. Dispersal and the metapopulation paradigm Ph.D. dissertation, University of Tennessee, in amphibian ecology and conservation: are Knoxville. all amphibian populations metapopulations? Smith, L.L., and C.K. Dodd, Jr. 2003. Wildlife Ecography 28:110–128. mortality on U.S. Highway 441 across Smith, M.A, and D.M. Green. 2006. Sex, Paynes Prairie, Alachua County, Florida. isolation and fidelity: unbiased long distance Florida Scientist 66:128–140. dispersal in a terrestrial amphibian. Smith, L.L., K.G. Smith, W.J. Barichivich, Ecography 29:649–658. C.K. Dodd, Jr., and K. Sorensen. 2005. Smith, M.A., C.M. Kapron, and M. Berrill. Roads and Florida’s herpetofauna: a review 2000. Induction of photolyase activity in and mitigation case study. Pp. 32–40 In W.E. wood frog (Rana sylvatica) embryos. Meshaka, Jr. and K.J. Babbitt (eds.), Photochemistry and Photobiology 72:575– Amphibians and Reptiles. Status and 578. 274

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Smith, M.A., M. Berrill, and C.M. Kapron. 380. 2002. Photolyase activity of the embryo and Smith, W.H. 2011. Ecological determinants of the ultraviolet absorbance of embryo jelly for herpetofaunal assemblage structure in the several Ontario amphibian species. Canadian longleaf pine ecosystem. Ph.D. dissertation, Journal of Zoology 80:1109–1116. University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa. Smith, M.J., M.M. Drew, M. Peebles, and K. Smith, W.H., and L.J. Rissler. 2010. Summers. 2005. Predator cues during the egg Quantifying disturbance in terrestrial stage affect larval development in the gray communities: abundance–biomass treefrog, Hyla versicolor (Anura: Hylidae). comparisons of herpetofauna closely track Copeia 2005:169–173. forest succession. Restoration Ecology Smith, P.W. 1947. The reptiles and amphibians 18(Supplement 1):195–204. of eastern central Illinois. Bulletin of the Smith–Gill, S.J., and K.A. Berven. 1980. In Chicago Academy of Sciences 8:21–40. vitro fertilization and assessment of male Smith, P.W. 1951. A new frog and a new turtle reproductive potential using mammalian from the western Illinois sand prairies. gonadotropin–releasing hormone to induce Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of Sciences spermiation in Rana sylvatica. Copeia 9:189–199. 1980:723–728. Smith, P.W. 1953. A reconsideration of the Smithberger, S.I., and C.W. Swarth. 1993. status of Hyla phaeocrypta. Herpetologica. Reptiles and amphibians of the Jug Bay 9:169–173. Wetlands Sanctuary. The Maryland Smith, P.W. 1955a. An addition to the list of Naturalist 37(3–4):28–46. pallid animals occurring in White Sands Smits, A.W. 1984. Activity patterns and National Monument. Copeia 1955:135. thermal biology of the toad Bufo boreas Smith, P.W. 1955b. Pseudacris streckeri halophilus. Copeia 1984:689–696. illinoensis in Missouri. Transactions of the Smits, A.W., and D.L. Crawford. 1984. Kansas Academy of Science 58:411. Emergence of toads to activity: a statistical Smith, P.W. 1956. The status, correct name, analysis of contributing cues. Copeia and geographic range of the boreal chorus 1984:696–701. frog. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Smits, J.E.G., B.D. Hersikorn, R.F. Young, and Washington 69:169–176. P.M. Fedorak. 2012. Physiological effects Smith, P.W. 1957. An analysis of post– and tissue residues from exposure of leopard Wisconsin biogeography of the Prairie frogs to commercial naphthenic acids. Peninsula region based on distributional Science of the Total Environment 437:36–41. phenomena among terrestrial vertebrate Snider, A.T., and J.K. Bowler. 1992. Longevity populations. Ecology 38:205–218. of reptiles and amphibians in North Smith, P.W. 1961. The amphibians and reptiles American collections. 2nd ed. SSAR of Illinois. Illinois Natural History Survey Herpetological Circular No. 21. Bulletin 28:1–298. Snodgrass, J.W., W.A. Hopkins, and J.H. Roe. Smith, P.W., and D.M. Smith. 1952. The 2003. Relationships among developmental relationship of the chorus frogs, Pseudacris stage, metamorphic timing, and nigrita feriarum and Pseudacris n. triseriata. concentrations of elements in bullfrogs (Rana American Midland Naturalist 48:165–180. catesbeiana). Environmental Toxicology and Smith, R.E. 1940. Mating and oviposition in Chemistry 22:1597–1604. the Pacific Coast tree toad. Science 92:379– Snodgrass, J.W., W.A. Hopkins, J. Broughton, 275

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D. Gwinn, J.A. Baionno, and J. Burger. 2004. advantage against (Lepomis Species–specific responses of developing cyanellus). Journal of Herpetology 43:460– anurans to coal combustion waste. Aquatic 468. Toxicology 66:171–182. Souder, W. 2000. A Plague of Frogs. The Snodgrass, J.W., W.A. Hopkins, B.P. Jackson, Horrifying True Story. Hyperion, New York. J.A. Baionno, and J. Broughton. 2005. Sours, G.N., and J.W. Petranka. 2007. Influence of larval period on responses of Intraguild predation and competition mediate overwintering green frog (Rana clamitans) stage–structured interactions between wood larvae exposed to contaminated sediments. frog (Rana sylvatica) and upland chorus frog Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (Pseudacris feriarum) larvae. Copeia 24:1508–1514. 2007:131–139. Snodgrass, J.W., R.E. Casey, D. Joseph, and Southworth, G.C., G. Mason, and J.R. Seed. J.A. Simon. 2008. Mesocosm investigations 1968. Studies on frog trypanosomiasis. I. A of stormwater pond sediment toxicity to 24–hour cycle in the parasitemia level of embryonic and larval amphibians: variation Trypanosoma rotatorium in Rana clamitans in sensitivity among species. Environmental from Louisiana. Journal of Parasitology Pollution 154:291–297. 54:255–258. Synder, D.F. 1972. Amphibians and Reptiles of Sowers, A.D. 2009. The effects of wastewater Land Between the Lakes. Tennessee Valley effluents on a fish and amphibian species. Authority. [no place of publication given] Ph.D. dissertation Clemson University, Snyder, G.K., and G.A. Hammerson. 1993. Clemson, South Carolina. Interrelationships between water economy Sowers, A.D., and S.J. Kaine. 2008. The and thermoregulation in the canyon treefrog effects of triclosan on the development of Hyla arenicolor. Journal of Arid Rana palustris. Proceedings of the 2008 Environments 25:321–329. South Carolina Water Resources Conference, Snyder, J.O. 1920. Scaphiopus in northern Institute of Computational Ecology, Clemson Nevada. Copeia (86):83–84. University, Clemson, South Carolina. 2 pp. Snyder, W.F., and D.L. Jameson. 1965. Sowers, A.D., M.A. Mills, and S.J. Klaine. Multivariate geographic variation of mating 2009. The developmental effects of a call in populations of the Pacific tree frog municipal wastewater effluent on the (Hyla regilla). Copeia 1965:129–142. northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Aquatic Sodhi, N.S., D. Bickford, A.C. Diesmos, T.M. Toxicology 94: 145–152. Lee, L.P. Koh, B.W. Brook, C.H. Sparling, D.W. 2003. A review of the role of Sekercioglu, and C.J.A. Bradshaw. 2008. contaminants in amphibian declines. Pp. Measuring the meltdown: drivers of global 1099–1128 In D.J. Hoffman, B.A. Rattner, amphibian extinction and decline. PLoS One G.A. Burton, Jr., and J. Cairns, Jr. (eds.), 2(2):e1636. Handbook of Ecotoxicology. Lewis Sonnini, C.S., and P.A. Latreille. 1801. Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida. Histoire naturelle des reptiles, avec figures Sparling, D.W., and T.P. Lowe. 1996. Metal designées d’après nature, 2. Chez concentrations of tadpoles in experimental Deterville, Paris. ponds. Environmental Pollution 91:149–159. Sosa, J.A., M.J. Ryan, and M.A. Schlaepfer. Sparling, D.W., and G. Fellers. 2007. 2009. Induced morphological plasticity in Comparative toxicity of chlorpyrifos, lowland leopard frog larvae (Rana diazinon, malathion and their oxon yavapaiensis) does not confer a survival derivatives to larval Rana boylii. 276

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Environmental Pollution 147:535–539. Spencer, W.A. 1964a. The relationship of Sparling, D.W., T.P. Lowe, D. Day, and K. dispersal and migration to gene flow in the Dolan. 1995. Responses of amphibian boreal chorus frog. Ph.D. dissertation, populations to water and soil factors in Colorado State University, Fort Collins. experimentally–treated aquatic mesocosms. Spencer, W.A. 1964b. An unusual phoretic Archives of Environmental Contamination host for the clam, Pisidium. Journal of the and Toxicology 29:455–461. Colorado–Wyoming Academy of Science Sparling, D.W., T.P. Lowe, and A.E. Pinkney. 5(5):43–44. 1997. Toxicity of Abate™ to green frog Spencer, W.A. 1964c. Movement in a tadpoles. Bulletin of Environmental population of Pseudacris triseriata. Journal Contamination and Toxicology 58:475–481. of the Colorado–Wyoming Academy of Sparling, D.W., G.M. Fellers, and L.L. Science 5(5):44. McConnell. 2001. Pesticides and amphibian Spencer, W.A. 1971. Boreal chorus frogs population declines in California, USA. (Pseudacris triseriata) breeding in the alpine Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry in southwestern Colorado. Arctic and Alpine 20:1591–1595. Research 3:353. Sparling, D.W., G. Linder, C.A. Bishop, and S. Sprankle, T. 2008. Giving leopard frogs a head Krest. (eds.), 2010. Ecotoxicology of start. Endangered Species Research 33:15– Amphibians and Reptiles. Second edition, 17. SETAC Press, Pensacola, Florida. Spriggs, A.N. 2009. Distribution and status of Spear, P.A., M. Boily, I. Giroux, C. DeBlois, the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens, in M.H. Leclair, M. Levasseur, and R. Leclair. West Virginia. M.S. thesis, Marshall 2009. Study design, water quality, University, Huntington, West Virginia. morphometrics and age of the bullfrog, Rana Springer, S. 1938. On the size of Rana catesbeiana, in sub–watersheds of the sphenocephala. Copeia 1938:49. Yamaska River drainage basin, Québec, Squire, T., and R.A. Newman. 2002. Fine– Canada. Aquatic Toxicology 91:110–117. scale population structure in the wood frog Spear, S.F., and A. Storfer. 2008. Landscape (Rana sylvatica) in a northern woodland. genetic structure of coastal tailed frogs Herpetologica 58:119–130. (Ascaphus truei) in protected vs. managed Squires, W.A. 1950. Hyla versicolor from forests. Molecular Ecology 17:4642–4656. northern New Brunswick. New Brunswick Spear, S.F., and A. Storfer. 2010. Museum Nature News 1950(3):2. Anthropogenic and natural disturbance lead Sredl, M.J. 1998. Arizona leopard frogs: to differing patterns of gene flow in the balanced on the brink? Pp.573–574 In M.J. Rocky Mountain tailed frog, Ascaphus Mac, P.A. Opler, C.E. Puckett, and P.D. montanus. Biological Conservation. Doran (eds.), Status and Trends of the 143:778–786. Nation’s Biological Resources. Vol. 2. U.S. Spear, S.F., C.M. Chrisafulli, and A. Storfer. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. 2012. Genetic structure among coastal tailed Sredl, M.J. 2005a. Rana yavapaiensis Platz and frog populations at Mount St. Helens is Frost, 1984: Lowland Leopard Frog. Pp. moderated by post–disturbance management. 596– 599 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian Ecological Applications 22: 856–869. Declines. The Conservation Status of United Speck, F.G. 1925. Bufo americanus in the States Species. University of California Labrador Peninsula. Copeia (138):5–6. Press, Berkeley. 277

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Sredl, M.J. 2005b. Pternohyla fodiens Conservation Biology 24:788–794. Boulenger, 1882: Lowland Burrowing Stanback, M. 2010. Gambusia holbrooki Treefrog. Pp. 488–489 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), predation on Pseudacris feriarum tadpoles. Amphibian Declines. The Conservation Herpetological Conservation and Biology Status of United States Species. University of 5:486–489. California Press, Berkeley. Standaert, W.F. 1967. Growth, maturation, and Sredl, M.J., and J.P. Collins. 1991. The effect population ecology of the carpenter frog of ontogeny on interspecific interactions in (Rana virgatipes Cope). Ph.D. dissertation, larval amphibians. Ecology 72:2232–2239. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Sredl, M.J., and J.P. Collins. 1992. The Jersey. interaction of predation, competition, and Stangel, P.W. 1983. Least sandpiper predation habitat complexity in structuring an on Bufo americanus and Ambystoma amphibian community. Copeia 1992:607– maculatum larvae. Herpetological Review 614. 14:112. Sredl, M.J., and J.M. Howland. 1995. Stanley, W.F., and A.H. Benton. 1966. An Conservation and management of Madrean anomalous Rana from western New York. populations of the Chiricahua leopard frog. Copeia 1966:363. Pp. 379–385 In L.F. DeBano, G.J. Gottfried, Stapleton, N.M.R. 2011. The distribution and R.H. Hamre, C.B. Edminster, P.F. Ffoliot, spread on non–indigenous anuran species in and A. Ortega–Rubio (eds.), Madrean western Newfoundland. Master’s thesis, Archipelago. The Sky Islands of the Memorial University of Newfoundland, Southwestern United States and Corner Brook, Newfoundland. Northwestern Mexico. U.S. Forest Service Starnes, S.M., C.A. Kennedy, and J.W. Rocky Mountain Station General Technical Petranka. 2000. Sensitivity of embryos of Report RM–GTR–264. Southern Appalachian amphibians to Sredl, M.J., and R.D. Jennings. 2005. Rana ambient solar UV–β radiation. Conservation chiricahuensis Platz and Mecham, 1979. Biology 14:277–282. Chiricahua Leopard Frog. Pp.546–549 In Stead, J.E., and K.L. Pope. 2010. Predatory M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian Declines. The leeches (Hirudinea) may contribute to Conservation Status of United States Species. amphibian declines in the Lassen region, University of California Press, Berkeley. California. Northwestern Naturalist 91:30– Stabler, R.M. 1948. Prairie rattlesnake eats 39. spadefoot toad. Herpetologica 4:168. Stebbins, R.C. 1951. Amphibians of Western St. Amant, J.A., and F.G. Hoover. 1969. North America. 1st ed. University of Addition of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus California Press, Berkeley. (Cantor) to the California fauna. California Stebbins, R.C. 1954. Amphibians and Reptiles Fish and Game 55:330–331. of Western North America. McGraw–Hill St. Amant, J.A., F.G. Hoover, and G.R. Book Company, New York. Stewart. 1973. African clawd frog, Xenopus Stebbins, R.C. 1962. Amphibians of Western laevis (Daudin), established in California. North America. 2nd printing. University of California Fish and Game 59:151–153. California Press, Berkeley. St.–Amour, V., T.W.J. Garner, A.I. Schulte– Stebbins, R.C. 1972. Amphibians and Reptiles Hostedde, and D. Lesbarrères. 2010. Effects of California. California Natural History of two amphibian pathogens on the Guides No. 31. University of California developmental stability of green frogs. Press, Berkeley. 278

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Stebbins, R.C. 2003. A Field Guide to Western Occurrence of the amphibian pathogen Amphibians and Reptiles. 3rd ed. Houghton Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Mifflin Co., Boston. [first edition, 1966] Blanchard’s cricket frog (Acris crepitans Stebbins, R.C., and N.W. Cohen. 1995. A blanchardi) in the U.S. Midwest. Natural History of Amphibians. Princeton Herpetological Review 39:193–196. University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. Steinwascher, K. 1978a. The effect of Stebbins, R.C., and S.M. McGuiness. 2012. coprophagy on the growth of Rana Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of catesbeiana tadpoles. Copeia 1978:130–134. California. University of California Press, Steinwascher, K. 1978b. Interference and Berkeley. exploitation competition among tadpoles of Steele, C.W., S. Strickler–Shaw, and D.H. Rana utricularia. Ecology 59:1039–1046. Taylor. 1991. Failure of Bufo americanus Steinwascher, K. 1981. Competition for two tadpoles to avoid lead–enriched water. resources. Oecologia 49:415–418. Journal of Herpetology 25:241–243. Steinwascher, K., and J. Travis. 1983. Steele, C.W., S. Strickler–Shaw, and D.H. Influence of food quality and quantity on Taylor. 1999. Effects of sublethal lead early larval growth of two anurans. Copeia exposure on the behaviours of green frog 1983:238–242. (Rana clamitans), bullfrog (Rana Stejneger, L. 1893. Annotated list of the catesbeiana) and American toad (Bufo reptiles and batrachians collected by the americanus) tadpoles. Marine and Freshwater Death Valley Expedition in 1891, with Behavioural Physiology 32:1–16. descriptions of new species. North American Steelman, C.K., and M.E. Dorcas. 2010. Fauna 7:159–228. Anuran calling survey optimization: Stejneger, L. 1899. Description of a new genus developing and testing predictive models of and species of discoglossid toad from North anuran calling activity. Journal of America. Proceedings of the United States Herpetology 44:61–68. National Museum 21:899–901 + 1 plate. Steen, D.A. 2011. Wildlife restoration via Stejneger, L. 1901. A new species of bullfrog forest management in fire–suppressed from Florida and the Gulf Coast. Proceedings longleaf pine sandhills. Ph.D. dissertation, of the United States National Museum Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. 24:211–215. Steen, D.A., A.E.R. McGee, S.M. Hermann, Stejneger, L. 1915. A new species of tailless J.A. Stiles, S.H. Stiles, and C. Guyer. 2010. batrachian from North America. Proceedings Effects of forest management on amphibians of the Biological Society of Washington and reptiles: generalist species obscure trends 28:131–132. among native forest associates. Open Stephens, M.R. 2001. Phylogeography of the Environmental Sciences 4:24–30. Bufo boreas (Anura, Bufonidae) species Stein, R.J. 1985. Rana sylvatica (Wood Frog). complex and the biogeography of Predation. Herpetological Review 16:109– California. M.A. thesis, Sonoma State 110. University, Sonoma, California. Steiner, G. 1924. Some nemas from the Stevens, C.E., and C.A. Paszkowski. 2004. alimentary tract of the Carolina green Using chorus–size ranks from call surveys to treefrog (Hyla carolinensis Pennant). Journal estimate reproductive activity of the wood of Parasitology 11:1–32. frog (Rana sylvatica). Journal of Herpetology Steiner, S.L., and R.M. Lehtinen. 2008. 38:404–410. 279

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Stevens, C.E., and C.A. Paszkowski. 2005. A frogs, bull frogs, and green frogs. Journal of comparison of two pitfall trap designs in Herpetology 6:241–244. sampling boreal anurans. Herpetological Stewart, M.M., and J. Rossi. 1981. The Albany Review 36:147–149. Pine Bush: a northern outpost for southern Stevens, C.E., A.W. Diamond, and T.S. Gabor. species of amphibians and reptiles in New 2002. Anuran call surveys on small wetlands York. American Midland Naturalist 106:282– in Prince Edward Island, Canada, restored by 292. dredging of sediments. Wetlands 22:90–99. Stewart, P.A., and E.L. Hart. 1967. Incidental Stevens, C.E., C.A. Paszkowski, and G.J. capture of vertebrate wildlife in blacklight Scrimgeour. 2006a. Older is better: beaver insect traps. American Midland Naturalist ponds on boreal streams as breeding habitat 78:235–240. for the wood frog. Journal of Wildlife Stille, W.T. 1952. The nocturnal amphibian Management 70:1360–1371. fauna of the southern Lake Michigan beach. Stevens, C.E., C.A. Paszkowski, and D. Ecology 33:149–162. Stringer. 2006b. Occurrence of the western Stille, W.T. 1958. The water absorption toad and its use of “borrow pits” in west– response in an anuran. Copeia 1958:217–218. central Alberta. Northwestern Naturalist Stille, W.T., Jr., and R.A. Edgren, Jr. 1942. 87:107–117. The spring peeper in the Palos Hills area, Stevenson, D.J. 2007. Rana catesbeiana Cook County, Ill. The Chicago Naturalist (American Bullfrog). Mortality. 5(3):63. Herpetological Review 38:71. Stinner, J., N. Zarlinga, and S. Orcutt. 1994. Stevenson, D.J. 2009. Born of new water. Overwintering behavior of adult bullfrogs, South Carolina Wildlife 56(1):16–23. Rana catesbeiana, in northeastern Ohio. Ohio Stevenson, D., and D. Crowe. 1992. Journal of Science 94:8–13. Geographic distribution: Pseudacris crucifer Stitt, E.W. 2006. Rana yavapaiensis (Lowland bartramiana (Southern Spring Peeper). Leopard Frog). Egg and tadpole predation. Herpetological Review 23:86. Herpetological Review 37:450. Stevenson, D.J., and K.J. Dyer. 2002. Rana Stitt, E.W., and C.P. Seltenrich. 2010. Rana capito capito (Carolina Gopher Frog). draytonii (California Red–legged Frog). Refugia. Herpetological Review 33:128–129. Prey. Herpetological Review 41:206. Stevenson, D.J., and J. Stackhouse. 2012. The Stitt, E.W., and P.S. Balfour. 2011. Spea amphibians and reptiles of the Altamaha hammondii (Western Spadefoot). Predation. River, Georgia. IRCF Reptiles & Herpetological Review 42:91–92. Amphibians 19:170–186. Stockwell, S., and M.L. Hunter, Jr. 1989. Stevenson, H.M. 1959. Some altitude records Relative abundance of herpetofauna among of reptiles and amphibians. Herpetologica eight types of Maine peatland vegetation. 15:118. Journal of Herpetology 23:409–414. Stevenson, H.M. 1969. Occurrence of the Stoddard, M. A., and J. P. Hayes. 2005. The carpenter frog in Florida. Quarterly Journal influence of forest management on headwater of the Florida Academy of Sciences 32:233– stream amphibians at multiple spatial scales. 235. Ecological Applications 15: 811–823. Stewart, M.M. 1984. Redescription of the type Stokely, P.S., and J.F. Berberian. 1953. On the of Rana clamitans. Copeia 1984:210–213. jumping ability of frogs. Copeia 1953:187. Stewart, M.M., and P. Sandison. 1972. Stoler, A.B., and R.A. Relyea. 2011. Living in Comparative food habits of sympatric mink the litter: the influence of tree leaf litter on 280

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wetland communities. Oikos 120: 862–872. Storey, K.B., and J.M. Storey. 1987. Stone, L.M. 1986. “New” frog in the bog. Persistence of freeze tolerance in terrestrially Animal 89(4):40–43. hibernating frogs after spring emergence. Stone, P.A., and D.B. Ligon. 2011. Bufo Copeia 1987:720–726. punctatus (Red–spotted Toad) and Storey, K.B., and J.M. Storey. 1989. Freeze Thamnophis cyrtopsis (Black–necked Garter tolerance and freeze avoidance in ectotherms. Snake). Prey–predator. Herpetological Pp. 51–82 In L.C.H. Wang (ed.), Advances in Review 42:82–83. Comparative and Environmental Physiology. Stone, W. 1932. Terrestrial activity of spade– Springer–Verlag, Berlin. foot toads. Copeia 1932:35–36. Storey, K.B., and J.M. Storey. 1992. Natural Stone, W.B., and R.D. Manwell. 1969. freeze tolerance in ectothermic vertebrates. Toxoplasmosis in cold blooded hosts. Journal Annual Review of Physiology 54:R619–637. of Protozoology 16:99–102. Storey, K.B., J. Bischof, and B. Rubinsky. Stoner, E.A. 1939. Butcher–bird butchers toad. 1992. Cryomicroscopic analysis of freezing Condor 41:126. in liver of the freeze–tolerant wood frog. Storer, T.I. 1914. The California toad, an American Journal of Physiology 263:R185– economic asset. University of California R194. Journal of Agriculture 2:89–91. Storm, R.M. 1952. Interspecific mating Storer, T.I. 1922. The eastern bullfrog in behaviour in Rana aurora and Rana California. California Fish and Game 8:219– catesbeiana. Herpetologica 8:108. 224. Storm, R.M. 1960. Notes on the breeding Storer, T.I. 1925. A synopsis of the amphibia biology of the red–legged frog (Rana aurora of California. University of California aurora). Herpetologica 16:251–259. Publications in Zoology 27:1–342. Storrs, S.I., and J.M. Kiesecker. 2004. Storer, T.I. 1933. Frogs and their commercial Survivorship patterns of larval amphibians use. California Fish and Game 19:203–213. exposed to low concentrations of atrazine. Storey, J.M., and K.B. Storey. 1985. Environmental Health Perspectives Adaptations of metabolism for freeze 112:1054–1057. tolerance in the gray tree frog, Hyla Storrs, S.I., and R.D. Semlitsch. 2008. Species versicolor. Canadian Journal of Zoology variation in somatic and ovarian 63:49–54. development: predicting susceptibility of Storey, K.B. 1987. Glycolysis and the amphibians to estrogenic contaminants. regulation of cryoprotectant synthesis in liver General and Comparative Endocrinology of the freeze tolerant wood frog. Journal of 156:524–530. Comparative Physiology B 157:373–380. Storrs–Méndez, S.I., and R.D. Semlitsch. 2009. Storey, K.B., and J.M. Storey. 1984. Intersex gonads in frogs: understanding the Biochemical adaptation for freezing tolerance time course of natural development and the in the wood frog, Rana sylvatica. Journal of role of endocrine disruptors. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 155:29–36. Experimental Zoology 314B:57–66. Storey, K.B., and J.M. Storey. 1986. Freeze Storrs–Méndez, S.I., D.E. Tillitt, T.A.G. tolerance and intolerance as strategies of Rittenhouse, and R.D. Semlitsch. 2009. winter survival in terrestrially hibernating Behavioral response and kinetics of amphibians. Comparative Biochemistry and terrestrial atrazine exposure in American Physiology 83A:613–617. toads (Bufo americanus). Archives of 281

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Environmental Contamination and Strecker, J.K., Jr. 1915. Reptiles and Toxicology 57:590–597. amphibians of Texas. Baylor University Storz, B.L. 2004. Reassessment of the Bulletin 18:1–82. environmental mechanisms controlling Strecker, J.K. 1924. Notes on the herpetology developmental polyphenism in spadefoot of Hot Springs, Arkansas. The Baylor toad tadpoles. Oecologia 141:402–410. Bulletin, Zoological Papers 27:27–47. Stoutamire, R. 1932. Bullfrog farming and Strecker, J.K., Jr. 1926a. Chapters from the frogging in Florida. State of Florida, life–histories of Texas reptiles and Department of Agriculture Bulletin (new amphibians: part one. Contributions from the series) No. 56. Baylor University Museum 8:1–12. Straughan, I.R. 1975. An analysis of the Strecker, J.K., Jr. 1926b. On the habits and mechanisms of mating call discrimination in variations of Pseudacris ornata (Holbrook). the frogs Hyla regilla and H. cadaverina. Contributions of the Baylor University Copeia 1975:415–424. Museum 7:8–11. Straw, R.M. 1958. Experimental notes on the Strecker, J.K., Jr. 1927. Chapters from the life– Deep Springs toad Bufo exsul. Ecology histories of Texas reptiles and amphibians: 39:552–553. part two. Contributions from the Baylor Strecker, J.K., Jr. 1908a. Notes on the life University Museum 10:1–14. history of Scaphiopus couchii Baird. Strecker, J.K., and L.S. Frierson, Jr. 1926. The Proceedings of the Biological Society of herpetology of Caddo and DeSoto parishes, Washington 21:199–206. Louisiana. Contributions from Baylor Strecker, J.K., Jr. 1908b. A preliminary University Museum No. 5. annotated list of the Batrachia of Texas. Strecker, J.K., Jr., and W.J. Williams. 1927. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Herpetological records from the vicinity of Washington 21:53–62. San Marcos, Texas, with distributional data Strecker, J.K., Jr. 1909. Notes on the narrow– on the amphibians and reptiles of the mouthed toads (Engystoma) and the Edwards Plateau region and central Texas. description of a new species from Contributions of the Baylor University southeastern Texas. Proceedings of the Museum 12:1–16. Biological Society of Washington 22:115– Streicher, J.W. 2008. Bufo americanus 120. (American Toad). Reproduction. Strecker, J.K., Jr. 1910a. Description of a new Herpetological Review 39:75. solitary spadefoot (Scaphiopus hurterii) from Streicher, J.W., C.L. Cox, J.A. Campbell, E.N. Texas, with other herpetological notes. Smith, and R.O. de Sá. 2012. Rapid range Proceedings of the Biological Society of expansion in the Great Plains narrow– Washington 23:115–122. mouthed toad (Gastrophryne olivacea) and a Strecker, J.K., Jr. 1910b. Studies in North revised taxonomy for North American American . Notes on the robber microhylids. Molecular Phylogenetics and frog (Lithodytes latrans Cope). Transactions Evolution 64:645–653. of the Academy of Science of St. Louis Strickland, D., and R.J. Rutter. 1986. Reptiles 19:73–82. and Amphibians of Algonquin Provincial Strecker, J.K. 1910c. Notes on the robber frog Park. Friends of Algonquin Park, Whitney, (Lithodytes latrans Cope). Transactions of Ontario. the Academy of Science of St. Louis Strojny, C.A., and M. L. Hunter, Jr. 2010. 19:73–82. Relative abundance of amphibians in forest 282

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canopy gaps of natural origin vs. timber selection in Bufo woodhousei australis. harvest origin. Animal Biodiversity and Journal of Herpetology 16:103–106. Conservation 33:1–13. Sullivan, B.K. 1983a. Sexual selection in Stroud, C.P. 1949. A white spade–foot toad Woodhouse’s toad (Bufo woodhousei). 2. from the New Mexico white sands. Copeia Female choice. Animal Behaviour 31:1011– 1949:232. 1017. Stuart, J.N. 1991. Partial albinism in a New Sullivan, B.K. 1983b. Sexual selection and Mexico population of Bufo woodhousei. mating system variation in the Great Plains Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological toad (Bufo cognatusSay) and Woodhouse’s Society 27:33. toad (Bufo woodhousei australis Shannon Stuart, J.N. 1995. Rana catesbeiana (Bullfrog). and Lowe). Ph.D. dissertation, Arizona Diet. Herpetological Review 26:33. State University, Tempe, Arizona. Stuart, J.N., and C.W. Painter. 1993. Rana Sullivan, B.K. 1983c. Sexual selection in the catesbeiana (Bullfrog). Cannibalism. Great Plains toad (Bufo cognatus). Behaviour Herpetological Review 24:103. 84:258–264. Stuart, J.N., and C.W. Painter. 1994. A review Sullivan, B.K. 1984. Advertisement call of the distribution and status of the boreal variation and observations on breeding toad, Bufo boreas boreas, in New Mexico. behavior of Bufo debilis and B. punctatus. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Journal of Herpetology 18:406–411. Society 29:113–116. Sullivan, B.K. 1985a. Sexual selection and Stewart, J.P., W. Hiler, C. McDowell, R. Neal, mating system variation in anuran B.A. Wheeler, and S.E. Trauth. 2005. Bufo amphibians of the Arizona–Sonora Desert. speciosus (Texas Toad). Maximum size. Great Basin Naturalist 45:688–696. Herpetological Review 36:299. Sullivan, B.K. 1985b. Male calling behavior in Stewart, P.A. 1969. Prey in two screech owl response to playback of conspecific nests. Auk 86:141. advertisement call in two bufonids. Journal of Stuart, S., J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, B.E. Herpetology 19:78–83. Young, A.S.L. Rodrigues, D.L. Fishman, and Sullivan, B.K. 1986a. Hybridization between R.W. Waller. 2004. Status and trends of the toads Bufo microscaphus and Bufo amphibian declines and woodhousei in Arizona: morphological worldwide. Science 306:1783–1786. variation. Journal of Herpetology 20:11–21. Suhre, D.O. 2010. Dispersal and demography Sullivan, B.K. 1986b. Intra–population of the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) variation in the intensity of sexual selection in a semi–arid grassland. M.S. thesis, in breeding aggregations of Woodhouse’s University of Arizona, Tucson. toad (Bufo woodhousei). Journal of Sullivan, B.K. 1982a. Sexual selection in Herpetology 20:88–90. Woodhouse’s toad (Bufo woodhousei). 1. Sullivan, B.K. 1986c. Advertisement call Chorus organization. Animal Behaviour variation in the Arizona tree frog, Hyla 30:680–686. wrightorum Taylor, 1938. Great Basin Sullivan, B.K. 1982b. Male mating behavior in Naturalist 46:378–381. the Great Plains toad (Bufo cognatus). Sullivan, B.K. 1987. Sexual selection in Animal Behaviour 30:939–940. Woodhouse’s toad (Bufo woodhousei). 3. Sullivan, B.K. 1982c. Significance of size, Seasonal variation in male mating temperature and call attributes to sexual success. Animal Behaviour 35:912–919. 283

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Sullivan, B.K. 1989a. Desert environments and Sullivan, B.K., and M.R. Leek. 1987. Acoustic the structure of anuran mating systems. communication in Woodhouse’s toad (Bufo Journal of Arid Environments 17:175–183. woodhousei). II. Responses of females to Sullivan, B.K. 1989b. Interpopulation variation variation in spectral and temporal in vocalizations of Bufo woodhousii. Journal components of advertisement calls. of Herpetology 23:368–373. Behaviour 103:16–26. Sullivan, B.K. 1990. Natural hybrid between Sullivan, B.K., and T. Lamb. 1988. the Great Plains toad (Bufo cognatus) and the Hybridization between the toads Bufo red–spotted toad (Bufo punctatus) from microscaphus and Bufo woodhousii in central Arizona. Great Basin Naturalist Arizona: variation in release calls and 50:371–372. allozymes. Herpetologica 44:325–333. Sullivan, B.K. 1992a. Sexual selection and Sullivan, B.K., and W.E. Wagner, Jr. 1988. calling behavior in the American toad (Bufo Variation in advertisement and release calls, americanus). Copeia 1992:1–7. and social influences on calling behavior in Sullivan, B.K. 1992b. Calling behavior of the the Gulf Coast toad (Bufo valliceps). Copeia southwestern toad (Bufo microscaphus). 1988:1014–1020. Herpetologica 48:383–389. Sullivan, B.K., and S.H. Hinshaw. 1990. Sullivan, B.K. 1993. Distribution of the Variation in advertisement calls and male southwestern toad (Bufo microscaphus) in calling behavior in the spring peeper Arizona. Great Basin Naturalist 53:402–406. (Pseudacris crucifer). Copeia 1990:1146– Sullivan, B.K. 1995. Temporal stability in 1150. hybridization between Bufo microscaphus Sullivan, B.K., and S.H. Hinshaw. 1992. and Bufo woodhousii (Anura:Bufonidae): Female choice and selection on male calling behavior and morphology. Journal of behaviour in the grey treefrog Hyla Evolutionary Biology 8:233–247. versicolor. Animal Behaviour 44:733–744. Sullivan, B.K. 2009. Mate recognition, species Sullivan, B.K., and K.B. Malmos. 1994. Call boundaries and the fallacy of “species variation in the Colorado River toad (Bufo recognition.” The Open Zoology Journal alvarius): behavioral and phylogenetic 2:86–90. implications. Herpetologica 50:146–156. Sullivan, B.K., and G.E. Walsberg. 1985. Call Sullivan, B.K., and P.J. Fernandez. 1999. rate and aerobic capacity in Woodhouse’s Breeding activity, estimated age–structure, toad (Bufo woodhousei). Herpetologica and growth in Sonoran Desert anurans. 41:404–407. Herpetologica 55:334–343. Sullivan, B.K., and E.A. Sullivan. 1985. Size– Sullivan, B.K., K.B. Malmos, and M.F. Given. related variation in advertisement calls and 1996a. Systematics of the Bufo woodhousii breeding behavior of spadefoot toads complex (Anura: Bufonidae): advertisement (Scaphiopus bombifrons, S. couchi and S. call variation. Copeia 1996:274–280. multiplicatus). Southwestern Naturalist Sullivan, B.K., R.W. Bowker, K.B. Malmos, 30:349–355. and E.W.A. Gergus. 1996b. Arizona Sullivan, B.K., and M.K. Leek. 1986. Acoustic distribution of three Sonoran Desert anurans: communication in Woodhouse’s toad (Bufo Bufo retiformis, Gastrophryne olivacea, and woodhousei). 1. Response of calling males to Pternohyla fodiens. Great Basin Naturalist variation in spectral and temporal 56:38–47. components of advertisement calls. Sullivan, B.K., C.R. Propper, M.J. Demlong, Behaviour 98:305–319. and L.A. Harvey. 1996c. Natural 284

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hermaphroditic toad (Bufo microscaphus X American frogs. Pp. 109–123 In M.J. Lannoo Bufo woodhousii). Copeia 1996:470–472. (ed.), Amphibian Declines. The Conservation Sullivan, B.K., K.B. Malmos, E.W.A. Gergus, Status of United States Species. University of and R.W. Bowker. 2000. Evolutionary California Press, Berkeley. implications of advertisement call variation Sutherland, G.D. 2000. Risk assessment for in Bufo debilis, B. punctatus, and B. conservation under ecological uncertainty: a retiformis. Journal of Herpetology 34:368– case study with a stream–dwelling amphibian 374. in managed forests. Ph.D. dissertation, Sullivan, J.J., and E.E. Byrd. 1970. University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Choledocystus pennsylvaniensis: life history. Sutherland, G.D., and F.L. Bunnell. 2001. Transactions of the American Microscopical Cross–scale classification trees for assessing Society 89:384–396. risks of forest practices to headwater stream Sullivan, S.R., P.E. Bartelt, and C.R. Peterson. amphibians. Pp. 550–555 In D.H. Johnson 2008. Midsummer ground surface activity and T.A. O’Neil (Managing Directors), patterns of western toads (Bufo boreas) in Wildlife–Habitat Relationships in Oregon southeastern Idaho. Herpetological Review and Washington. Oregon State University 39:35–40. Press, Corvallis. Sun, L.–X., W. Wilczynski, A.S. Rand, and Sutherland, M.A.B., G.M. Gouchie, and R.J. M.J. Ryan. 2000. Trade–off in short– and Wassersug. 2009. Can visual stimulation long–distance communication in túngara alone induce phenotypically plastic responses (Physalaemus pustulosus) and cricket (Acris in Rana sylvatica tadpole oral structures? crepitans) frogs. Behavioral Ecology Journal of Herpetology 43:165–168. 11:102–109. Sutherland, R.W., P.R. Dunning, and W.M. Surdick, J.A., Jr. 2005. Amphibian and avian Baker. 2010. Amphibian encounter rates on species composition of forested depressional roads with different amounts of traffic and wetlands and circumjacent habitat: the urbanization. Conservation Biology 24:1626– influence of land use type and intensity. 1635. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Florida, Sutton, W.B. 2004. The ecology and natural Gainesville. history of the Northern Leopard Frog, Rana Surface, H.A. 1913. First report on the pipiens Schreber, in West Virginia. M.S. economic features of the amphibians of thesis, Marshall University, Huntington, Pennsylvania. Zoological Bulletin, Division West Virginia. of Zoology, Pennsylvania Department of Sutton, W.B. 2010. Herpetofaunal response to Agriculture 3:66–152. thinning and prescribed burning in pine– Suring, L. H., W. L. Gaines, B.C. Wales, K. hardwood forests. Ph.D. dissertation, Mellen‐McLean, J. S. Begley, and S. Alabama A&M University, Huntsville. Mohoric. 2011. Maintaining populations of Sutton, W.B., K.E. Rastall, and T.K. Pauley. terrestrial wildlife through land management 2006. Diet analysis and feeding strategies of planning: a case study. Journal of Wildlife Rana pipiens in a West Virginia wetland. Management 75:945–958. Herpetological Review 37:152–153. Sustare, B.D. 1977. Characterizing parameters Suzuki, H.K. 1951. Recent additions to the of response to light intensity for six species records of the distribution of the amphibians of frogs. Behavior Processes 2:101–112. in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Academy of Sutherland, D. 2005. Parasites of North Sciences, Arts and Letters 40:215–234. 285

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Sype, W.E. 1975. Breeding habits, embryonic Tanner, V.M. 1933. Bufo lamentor Girard. thermal requirements and embryonic and Copeia 1933:42. larval development of the Cascade frog, Rana Tanner, V.M. 1939. A study of the genus cascadae (Slater). Ph.D. dissertation, Oregon Scaphiopus, the spade–foot toads. Great State University, Corvallis. Basin Naturalist 1:3–20. Szafoni, R.E., C.A. Phillips, and M. Redmer. Tanner, W.W. 1941. The reptiles and 1999. Translocations of amphibian species amphibians of Idaho No. 1. Great Basin outside their native range: a comment on Naturalist 2:87–97. Thurow (1994–1997). Transactions of the Tanner, W.W. 1950. Notes on the habits of Illinois State Academy of Science 92:277– Microhyla carolinensis olivacea (Hallowell). 283. Herpetologica 6:47–48. Szuroczki, D., and J.M.L. Richardson. 2009. Tanner, W.W. 1989. Status of Spea stagnalis The role of trematode parasites in larval Cope (1875), Spea intermontanus Cope anuran communities: an aquatic ecologist’s (1889), and a systematic review of Spea guide to the major players. Oecologia hammondii Baird (1839) (Amphibia: Anura). 161:371–385. Great Basin Naturalist 49:503–510. Szuroczki, D., and J.M.L. Richardson. 2011. Tardell, J.H., R.C. Yates, and D.H. Schiller. Palatability of the larvae of three species of 1981. New records and habitat observations Lithobates. Herpetologica 67:213–221. of Hyla andersoni Baird (Anura: Hylidae) in Taigen, T.L., and F.H. Pough. 1981. Activity Chesterfield and Marlboro counties, South metabolism of the toad (Bufo americanus): Carolina. Brimleyana 6:153–158. ecological consequences of ontogenetic Tatarian, P.J. 2008. Movement patterns of change. Journal of Comparative Physiology California red–legged frogs (Rana draytonii) 144:247–252. in an inland California environment. Taigen, T.L., and K.D. Wells. 1985. Energetics Herpetological Conservation and Biology of vocalization by an anuran amphibian 3:155–169. (Hyla versicolor). Journal of Comparative Tatarian, P., and G. Tatarian. 2010. Chytrid Physiology 155B:163–170. infection of Rana draytonii in the Sierra Taigen, T.L., S.B. Emerson, and F.H. Pough. Nevada, California, USA. Herpetological 1982. Ecological correlates of anuran Review 41:325–327. exercise physiology. Oecologia 52: 49–56. Tattersall, G.J., and G.R. Ultsch. 2008. Talley, H.J. 1937. The annual ovarian cycle of Physiological ecology of aquatic Acris gryllus. M.S. thesis, University of overwintering in Ranid frogs. Biological Oklahoma, Norman. Review 83:119–140. Tamsitt, J.R. 1962. Notes on a population of Tavares, K. 2008. Coqui control, monitoring the Manitoba toad (Bufo hemiophrys) in the and outreach program. 2008 Annual Report. Delta Marsh region of Lake Manitoba, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Canada. Ecology 43:147–150. http://www.hawaiisfishes.com/coqui/ Tanner, V.M. 1928. Distributional list of the 2008%20HAVO%20Report/2008_Coqui_Se amphibians and reptiles of Utah. Copeia ason–lo–res.pdf (166):23–28. Tavera–Mendoza, L., S. Ruby, P. Brousseau, Tanner, V.M. 1931. A synoptical study of Utah M. Fournier, D. Cyr, and D. Marcogliese. amphibia. Utah Academy of Sciences 8:159– 2002. Response of the amphibian tadpole 198. (Xenopus laevis) to atrazine during sexual 287

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Tekiela, S. 2003. Reptiles & Amphibians of Population dynamics of the Manitoba toad, Minnesota Field Guide. Adventure Bufo hemiophrys,in northwestern Minnesota. Publications, Cambridge, Minnesota. Ecology 45:592–601. Tekiela, S. 2004a. Reptiles & Amphibians of Tester, J.R., and W.J. Breckenridge. 1964b. Michigan Field Guide. Adventure Winter behavior patterns of the Manitoba Publications, Cambridge, Minnesota. toad, Bufo hemiophrys, in northwestern Tekiela, S. 2004b. Reptiles & Amphibians of Minnesota. Annals Academiae Scientiarum Wisconsin Field Guide. Adventure Fennicae (Biologica) 71:421–431. Publications, Cambridge, Minnesota. Tester, J.R., A. Parker, and D.B. Siniff. 1965. Telford, H.H., and J.A. Munro. 1944. Toads Experimental studies on habitat preferences feed upon sweet clover weevils. North and thermoregulation of Bufo americanus, Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Bi– B. hemiophrys, and B. cognatus. Journal of monthly Bulletin 6(4):35–37. the Minnesota Academy of Science 33:27– Telford, S.R., Jr. 1952. A herpetological survey 32. in the vicinity of Lake Shipp, Polk County, Tevis, L., Jr. 1966. Unsuccessful breeding by Florida. Quarterly Journal of the Florida desert toads (Bufo punctatus) at the limit of Academy of Science 15:175–185. their ecological tolerance. Ecology 47:766– Temminck, C.J., and H. Schlegel. 1838. In P.F. 775. Von Siebold (ed.), Fauna Japonica sive Theodorakis, C.W., J. Rinchard, J.A. Carr, J.– Descriptio animalium, quae in itinere per W. Park, L. McDaniel, F. Liu, and M. Japonianum, jussu et auspiciis superiorum, Wages. 2006. Thyroid endocrine disruption qui summum in India Batava Imperium in stonerollers and cricket frogs from tenent, suscepto, annis 1823–1830 colleget, perchlorate– contaminated streams in east– notis observationibus et adumbrationibus central Texas. Ecotoxicology 15:31–50. illustratis. Vol. 3 (Chelonia, Ophidia, Sauria, Thiemann, G.W., and R.J. Wassersug. 2000. Batrachia). J.G. Lalau, Leiden, Germany. Patterns and consequences of behavioural Tenneson, M.G. 1983. Behavioral ecology and responses to predators and parasites in population decline of the mink frog, Rana Rana tadpoles. Biological Journal of the septentrionalis. M.S. thesis, University of Linnean Society 71:513–528. North Dakota, Grand Forks. Thomas, E.O., L. Tsang, and P.Licht. 1993. Terres, J.K. 1968. Kingfishers eating bullfrog Comparative histochemistry of the sexually tadpoles (Megaceryle alcyon, Rana dimorphic skin glands of anuran amphibians. catesbeiana). Auk 85:140. Copeia 1993:133–143. Test, F.C. 1898. A contribution to the Thomas, L.A., and J. Allen. 1997. Bufo knowledge of the variations of the tree frog houstonensis (Houston Toad). Behavior. Hyla regilla. Proceedings of the United Herpetological Review 28:40–41. States National Museum 21:477–492. Thomas, L.A., and G.O.U. Wogan. 1999. Rana Test, F.H. 1958. Butler’s garter snake eats catesbeiana (Bullfrog). Record size. amphibian. Copeia 1958:151–152. Herpetological Review 30:223–224. Test, F.H., and R.C. McCann. 1976. Foraging Thomas, R. 1966. New species of Antillean behavior of Bufo americanus tadpoles in Eleutherodactylus. Quarterly Journal of the response to high densities of micro– Florida Academy of Sciences 28:375–391. organisms. Copeia 1976:576–578. Thomas, R.A., S.A. Nadler, and W.L. Jagers. Tester, J.R., and W.J. Breckenridge. 1964a. 1984. Helminth parasites of the endangered 289

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Tinsley, R.C., and K. Tocque. 1995. The Ecological constraints on feeding and growth population dynamics of a desert anuran, of Scaphiopus couchii. Herpetological Scaphiopus couchii. Australian Journal of Journal 5:257–265. Ecology 20:376–384. Todd, B.D., and B.B. Rothermel. 2006. Tinsley, R.C., and H.R. Kobel (eds.). 1996. Assessing the quality of clearcut habitats for The Biology of Xenopus. Oxford Science amphibians: effects on abundances versus Publications, Oxford, UK. vital rates in the Southern toad (Bufo Tipton, B.L., T.L. Hibbitts, T.D. Hibbitts, T.J. terrestris). Biological Conservation 133:178– Hibbitts, and T.J. LaDuc. 2012. Texas 185. Amphibians. A Field Guide. University of Todd, B.D., and C.T. Winne. 2006. Texas Press, Austin. Ontogenetic and interspecific variation in Toal, K.R., and J.T. Collins. 2003. timing of movement and responses to Gastrophryne carolinensis (Eastern climatic factors during migrations by pond– Narrrow–mouthed Toad). Maximum size. breeding amphibians. Canadian Journal of Herpetological Review 34:50. Zoology 84:715–722. Tobey, F.J. (ed.). 1979. Amphibians and Todd, B.D., T.M. Luhring, B.B. Rothermel, reptiles. Pp. 375–414 In D.W. Linzey (ed.), and J.W. Gibbons. 2009. Effects of forest Endangered and Threatened Plants and removal on amphibian migrations: Animals of Virginia. Center for implications for habitat and landscape Environmental Studies, Virginia Polytechnic connectivity. Journal of Applied Ecology and State University, Blacksburg. 46:554–561. Tobey, F.J. 1985. Virginia’s Amphibians and Todd, B.D., D.E. Scott, J.H.K. Pechmann, and Reptiles. A Distributional Survey. Virginia J.W. Gibbons. 2011a. Climate change Herpetological Society, Purcellville, correlates with rapid delays and Virginia. advancements in reproductive timing in an Tobey, F.J., and O. Fanning. 1986. Reptiles amphibian community. Proceedings of the and amphibians around the Beltway: a Royal Society B 278:2191–2197. survey. Audubon Naturalist Society of the Todd, B.D., C.M. Bergeron, M.J. Hepner, and Central Atlantic States, Chevy Chase, W.A. Hopkins. 2011b. Aquatic and terrestrial Maryland. 4 pp. stressors in amphibians: a test of the double Tobias, M.L., C. Barnard, R. O’Hagan, S.H. jeopardy hypothesis using maternally and Horng, M. Rand, and D.B. Kelley. 2004. trophically derived mercury. Environmental Vocal communication between male Xenopus Toxicology and Chemistry 30:2277–2284. laevis. Animal Behaviour 67:353–365. Todd, B.D., C.M. Bergeron, M.J. Hepner, J.N. Tocque, K. 1993. The relationship between Burke, and W.A. Hopkins. 2011c. Does parasite burden and host resources in the maternal exposure to an environmental desert toad (Scaphiopus couchii), under stressor affect offspring response to natural environmental conditions. Journal of predators? Oecologia 166:283–290. Animal Ecology 62:683–693. Todd, B.D., C.M. Bergeron, and W.A. Tocque, K., and R.C. Tinsley. 1994. The Hopkins. 2012a. Use of toe clips as a relationship between Pseudodiplorchis nonlethal index of mercury accumulation and americanus (Monogenea) density and host maternal transfer in amphibians. resources under controlled environmental Ecotoxicology 21:882–887. conditions. Parasitology 108:175–183. Todd, B.D., J.D. Willson, C.M. Bergeron, and Tocque, K., R. Tinsley, and T. Lamb. 1995. W.A. Hopkins. 2012b. Do effects of mercury 292

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in larval amphibians persist after boreal chorus frogs, Pseudacris triseriata. metamorphosis? Ecotoxicology 21:87–95. Evolution 34:1004–1008. Todd, M.J., R.R. Cocklin, and M.E. Dorcas. Tordoff, W. III., and D. Pettus. 1977. Temporal 2003. Temporal and spatial variation in stability of phenotypic frequencies in anuran calling activity in the western Pseudacris triseriata (Amphibia, Anura, Piedmont of North Carolina. Journal of the Hylidae). Journal of Herpetology 11:161– North Carolina Academy of Science 168. 119:103–110. Tordoff, W. III, D. Pettus, and T.C. Matthews. Todd–Thompson, M. 2010. Seasonality, 1976. Microgeographic variation in gene variation in species prevalence, and localized frequencies in Pseudacris triseriata disease for ranavirus in Cades Cove (Great (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Journal of Smoky Mountains National Park) Herpetology 10:35–40. amphibians. M.S. thesis, University of Tóth, A. 2012. A tale of two species – species Tennessee, Knoxville. distribution models for two cryptic cricket Todd–Thompson, M., D.L. Miller, P.E. Super, frog (Acris) species in syntopy. B.S. honors and M.J. Gray. 2009. Chytridiomycosis– thesis, College of William and Mary, associated mortality in a Rana palustris Williamsburg, Virginia. collected in Great Smoky Mountains Touchon, J.C., I. Gomez–Mestre, and K.M. National Park, Tennessee, USA. Warkentin. 2006. Hatching plasticity in two Herpetological Review 40:321–323. temperate anurans: responses to a pathogen Toledo, L.F. 2005. Predation of juvenile and and predation cues. Canadian Journal of adult anurans by invertebrates: current Zoology 84:556–563. knowledge and perspecives. Herpetological Touré, T.A., and G.A. Middendorf. 2002. Review 36:395–400. Colonization of herpetofauna to a created Toledo, L.F., I. Sazima, and C.F.B. Haddad. wetland. Bulletin of the Maryland 2011. Behavioural defences of anurans: an Herpetological Society 38:99–117. overview. Ethology Ecology & Evolution Townes, G.F. 1956. Dispersal and minimum 23:1–25. habitat of the leopard frog. Herpetologica Toline, C.A. 1999. Mitochondrial and nuclear 12:290. DNA variation within and among Townsend, D.S., and M.M. Stewart. 1994. populations of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana Reproductive ecology of the Puerto Rican luteiventris) in Utah. Master’s thesis, Utah frog Eleutherodactylus coqui. Journal of State University, Logan. Herpetology 28:34–40. Tomko, D.S. 1975. The reptiles and Townsend, S.C. 1964. A life history study of amphibians of the Grand Canyon. Plateau the chorus frog, Pseudacris triseriata, in 47:161–166. Marion County. M.A. thesis, Ball State Tomko, D.S. 1976. Rana pipiens (Ranidae) in University, Muncie, Indiana. the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, Tracy, C.R. 1971. Evidence for the use of Arizona. Southwestern Naturalist 21:131. celestial cues by disbursing immature Toner, G.C., and N. de St. Remy. 1941. California toads (Bufo boreas). Copeia Amphibians of eastern Ontario. Copeia 1971:145–147. 1941:10–13. Tracy, C.R. 1973. Observations on social Tordoff, W. III. 1980. Selective predation of behavior in immature California toads (Bufo gray jays, Perisoreus canadensis, upon boreas) during feeding. Copeia 1973:342– 293

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345. Geographic Distribution. Rana clamitans Tracy, C.R. 1976. Model of dynamic melanota. Herpetological Review 14:83. exchanges of water and energy between a Trauth, S.E., and J.W. Robinette. 1990. Notes terrestrial amphibian and its environment. on distribution, mating activity, and Ecological Monographs 46:293–326. reproduction in the bird–voiced treefrog, Tracy, C.R., and J.W. Dole. 1969. Orientation Hyla avivoca, in Arkansas. Bulletin of the of displaced California toads, Bufo boreas, to Chicago Herpetological Society 25:218–219. their breeding sites. Copeia 1969:693–700. Trauth, S.E., and A. Holt. 1993. Notes on the Tracy, C.R., K.A. Christian, M.P. O’Connor, breeding biology of Hurter's spadefoot toad, and C.R. Tracy. 1993. Behavioral Scaphiopus holbrookii hurterii, in Arkansas. thermoregulation by Bufo americanus: the Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological importance of the hydric environment. Society 28:236–239. Herpetologica 49:375–382. Trauth, S.E., and R.G. Neal. 2004. Geographic Trapido, H. 1940. On finding the mink frog in range extension and feeding response by the northern Vermont. New England Naturalist leech Macrobdella diplotertia (Annelida: (7):11–14. Hirudinea) to wood frog and spotted Trapido, H. 1947. Range extension of Hyla salamander egg masses. Journal of the septentrionalis in Florida. Herpetologica Arkansas Academy of Science 58:139–141. 3:190. Trauth, S.E., M.E. Cartwright, and W.E. Trapido, H., and R.T. Clausen. 1938. Meshaka. 1989. Reproduction in the wood Amphibians and reptiles of eastern Quebec. frog, Rana sylvatica (Anura: Ranidae), Copeia 1938:117–125. from Arkansas. Proceedings of the Arkansas Trauth, J.B., S.E. Trauth, and R.L. Johnson. Academy of Science 43:114–116. 2006. Best management practices and Trauth, S.E., R.L. Cox, B. Butterfield, D.A. drought combine to silence the Illinois chorus Saugey, and W.E. Meshaka. 1990. frog in Arkansas. Wildlife Society Bulletin Reproductive phenophases and clutch 34:514–518. characteristics of selected Arkansas Trauth, J.B., R.L. Johnson, and S.E. Trauth. amphibians. Proceedings of the Arkansas 2007. Conservation implications of a Academy of Science 44:107–113. morphometric comparison between the Trauth, S.E., A. Holt, J. Davis, and P. Daniel. Illinois chorus frog (Pseudacris streckeri 1992. A new state record for the plains illinoensis) and Strecker’s chorus frog (P. s. leopard frog, Rana blairi, in Arkansas. streckeri) (Anura: Hylidae) from Arkansas, Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Illinois, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas. Society 27:255. Zootaxa 1589:23–32. Trauth, S.E., W.E. Meshaka, Jr., and R.L. Cox. Trauth, S.E. 1989. Female reproductive traits 1999. Post–metamorphic growth and of the southern leopard frog, Rana reproduction in the eastern narrow–mouthed sphenocephala (Anura: Ranidae), from toad (Gastrophryne carolinensis) from Arkansas. Proceedings of the Arkansas northeastern Arkansas. Journal of the Academy of Science 43:105–108. Arkansas Academy of Science 53:120–124. Trauth, S.E. 1992. Distributional survey of the Trauth, S.E., M.L. McCallum, and M.E. bird–voiced treefrog, Hyla avivoca (Anura: Cartwright. 2000. Breeding mortality in the Hylidae), in Arkansas. Proceedings of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica (Anura: Ranidae), Arkansas Academy of Science 46:80–82. from northcentral Arkansas. Journal of the Trauth, S.E., and C.T. McAllister. 1983. Arkansas Academy of Science 54:154– 294

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156. The effects of multiple factors on viability Trauth, S.E., H.W. Robison, and M.V. selection in Hyla gratiosa tadpoles. Plummer. 2004. The Amphibians and Evolution 39:1087–1099. Reptiles of Arkansas. University of Arkansas Travis, J., S.B. Emerson, and M. Blouin. 1987. Press, Fayetteville. A quantitative–genetic analysis of larval life– Trauth, S.E., M.N. Mary, and J.A. Sawyer. history traits in Hyla crucifer. Evolution 2005. Bufo americanus charlesmithi (Dwarf 41:145–156. American Toad). Maximum size. Travis, J., and J.C. Trexler. 1984. Herpetological Review 36:298. Investigations on the control of the color Travis, J. 1980. Phenotypic variation and the polymorphsm in Pseudacris ornata. outcome of interspecific competition in hylid Herpetologica 40:252–257. tadpoles. Evolution 34:40–50. Treanor, R.R., and S.J. Nicola. 1972. A Travis, J. 1981a. Control of larval growth preliminary study of the commercial and variation in a population of Pseudacris sporting utilization of the bullfrog, R. triseriata (Anura: Hylidae). Evolution catesbeiana Shaw in California. California 35:423–432. Department of Fish and Game, Inland Travis, J. 1981b. Keys to the tadpoles of North Fisheries Administrative Report 72–4. Carolina. Brimleyana 6:119–127. Treat, D.A. 1948. Frogs and toads. Audubon Travis, J. 1983a. Variation in development Nature Bulletin, Series 18, No. 8. patterns of larval anurans in temporary Trenham, P.C., W.D. Koenig, M.J. Mossman, ponds. 1. Persistent variation within a Hyla S.L. Stark, and L.A. Jagger. 2003. Regional gratiosa population. Evolution 37:496–512. dynamics of wetland‐breeding frogs and Travis, J. 1983b. Variation in growth and toads: turnover and synchrony. Ecological survival of Hyla gratiosa larvae in Applications 13:1522–1532. experimental enclosures. Copeia 1983:232– Trowbridge, A.H., and H.M. Hefley. 1934. 237. Preliminary studies on the parasite fauna of Travis, J. 1984. Anuran size at metamorphosis: Oklahoma anurans. Proceedings of the experimental test of a model based on Oklahoma Academy of Science 14:16–19. intraspecific competition. Ecology 65:1155– Trowbridge, A.H., and M.S. Trowbridge. 1937. 1160. Notes on the cleavage rate of Scaphiopus Travis, J. 2006. Is it what we know or who we bombifrons Cope, with additional remarks on know? Choice of organism and robustness of certain aspects of its life history. American inference in ecology and evolutionary Naturalist 71:460–480. biology. American Naturalist 167:303–314. Trowbridge, M.S. 1941. Studies on the normal Travis, J., and J.C. Trexler. 1986. Interactions development of Scaphiopus bombifrons among factors affecting growth, development Cope. 1. The cleavage period. Transactions and survival in experimental populations of of the American Microscopical Society Bufo terrestris (Anura: Bufonidae). 60:508–526. Oecologia 69:110–116. Troyer, D. R. 1968. Growth rate and Travis, J., W.H. Keen, and J. Juilianna. 1985a. movements of the bullfrog, Rana The role of relative body size in a predator– catesbeiana, in Kansas. prey relationship between dragonfly naiads M.A. thesis, University of Kansas, Lawrence. and larval anurans. Oikos 45:59–65. True, F.W. 1884. The useful aquatic reptiles Travis, J., W.H. Keen, and J. Juilianna. 1985b. and batrachians of the United States. Pp. 295

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137–162 In G.B. Goode (ed.), The Fisheries Tucker, J.K. 2000a. Growth and survivorship and Fishery Industries of the United States. in the Illinois chorus frog (Pseudacris Part II. United States Commission of Fish streckeri illinoensis). Transactions of the and Fisheries, U.S. Government Printing Illinois State Academy of Science 93:63–68. Office, Washington, D.C. Tucker, J.K. 2000b. Pseudacris streckeri Trueb, L., and C. Gans. 1983. Feeding illinoensis (Illinois Chorus Frog). Frost specializations of the Mexican burrowing injuries. Herpetological Review 31:41–42. toad, Rhinophrynus dorsalis (Anura: Tucker, J.K., and M.E. Sullivan. 1975. Rhinophrynidae). Journal of Zoology Unsuccessful attempts by bullfrogs to eat 199:189–208. toads. Transactions of the Illinois State Truitt, J.O. 1964. Observations on the Academy of Science 68:167. defensive attitude of a southern toad (Bufo Tucker, J.K., D.W. Soergel, and J.B. Hatcher. terrestris). British Journal of Herpetology 1995a. Flood–associated activities of some 3:167. reptiles and amphibians at Carlyle Lake, Trumbo, D.R., A.A. Burgett, and J.H. Knouft. Fayette County, Illinois. Transactions of the 2011. Testing climate–based species Illinois State Academy of Science 88:73–81. distribution models with recent field surveys Tucker, J.K., J.B. Camerer, and J.B. Hatcher. of pond–breeding amphibians in eastern 1995b. Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis Missouri. Canadian Journal of Zoology 89: (Illinois Chorus Frog). Burrows. 1074–1083. Herpetological Review 26:32–33. Tuberville, T.D., J.D. Willson, M.E. Dorcas, Tucker, R.K., and D.G. Crabtree. 1969. and J.W. Gibbons. 2005. Herpetofaunal Toxicity of Tectran insecticide to several species richness of southeastern national wildlife species. Journal of Economic parks. Southeastern Naturalist 4:537–569. Entomology 62:1307–1310. Tucker, J.K. 1977. Notes on the food habits of Tuckerman, F. 1886. Supernumerary leg in a Kirtland’s water snake, Clonophis kirtlandi. male frog (Rana palustris). Journal of Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Anatomy and Physiology 20:516–519. Society 13:193–195. Tumlison, R., and S.E. Trauth. 2006. A novel Tucker, J.K. 1995. Early post–transformational facultative mutualistic relationship between growth in the Illinois chorus frog (Pseudacris bufonid tadpoles and flagellated green algae. streckeri illinoensis). Journal of Herpetology Herpetological Conservation and Biology 29:314–316. 1:51–54. Tucker, J.K. 1997a. Food habits of the fossorial Tupper, T.A., and R.P. Cook. 2008. Habitat frog Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis. variables influencing breeding effort in Herpetological Natural History 5:83–87. northern Bufo fowleri: implications for Tucker, J.K. 1997b. Fecundity in Illinois conservation. Applied Herpetology 5:101– chorus frogs (Pseudacris streckeri 119. illinoensis) from Madison County, Illinois. Tupper, T.A., L.B. Adams, and B.C. Timm. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of 2009. Bufo fowleri (Fowler’s Toad). Diet. Science 90:167–170. Herpetological Review 40:200–201. Tucker, J.K. 1998. Status of Illinois chorus Tupper, T.A., J.W. Streicher, S.E. Greenspan, frogs in Madison County, Illinois. Pp. 94– B.C. Timm, and R.P. Cook. 2011. Detection 101 In M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Status & of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians. anurans of Cape Cod National Seashore, University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. Barnstable County, Massachusetts. 296

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Herpetological Review 42:62–65. Monographs 30:251–278. Tupy, J.A. 2012. Terrestrial habitat selection Turner, F.B. 1960c. Postmetamorphic growth by the dusky gopher frog (Rana sevosa). in amphibians. American Midland Naturalist M.S. thesis, Western Carolina University, 64:327–338. Cullowhee, North Carolina. Turner, F.B. 1962. An analysis of geographic Turner, D.S., P.A. Holm, E.B. Wirt, and C.R. variation and distribution of Rana pretiosa. Schwalbe. 2003. Amphibians and reptiles of Yearbook of the American Philosophical the Whetstone Mountains, Arizona. Society 1962:325–328. Southwestern Naturalist 48:347–355. Turner, F.B., and R.H. Wauer. 1963. A survey Turner, F.B. 1952a. Peculiar aggregations of of the herpetofauna of the Death Valley area. toadlets on Alum Creek. Yellowstone Nature Great Basin Naturalist 23:119–128. Notes 26(5):57–58. Turner, L.J., and D.K. Fowler. 1981. Turner, F.B. 1952b. The mouth parts of Utilization of surface mine ponds in east tadpoles of the spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus Tennessee by breeding amphibians. U.S. Fish hammondi. Copeia 1952:172–175. and Wildlife Service, Biological Services Turner, F.B. 1955. Reptiles and amphibians of Program, FWS/OBS–81/08. Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstone Turner, P.S. 2009. The Frog Scientist. Interpretive Series No. 5, Yellowstone Houghton–Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, National Park, Wyoming. Massachusetts. Turner, F.B. 1958a. Some parasites of the Turnipseed, G., and R. Altig. 1975. Population western spotted frog, Rana p. pretiosa, in density and age structure of three species of Yellowstone National Park. Journal of hylid tadpoles. Journal of Herpetology Parasitology 44:182. 9:287–291. Turner, F.B. 1958b. Life–history of the western Tverdy, L.M., N.J. Meis, C.G. Wicher, and spotted frog in Yellowstone National Park. D.G. Hokit. 2005. Comet assay used to detect Herpetologica 14:96–100. genotoxic effects of mining sediments in Turner, F.B. 1959a. Pigmentation of the Western toad tadpoles (Bufo boreas). western spotted frog, Rana pretiosa pretiosa, Herpetological Review 36:152–155. in Yellowstone Park, Wyoming. American Twedt, B. 1993. A comparative ecology of Midland Naturalist 61:162–176. Rana aurora Baird and Girard and Rana Turner, F.B. 1959b. An analysis of the feeding catesbeiana Shaw at Freshwater Lagoon, habits of Rana p. pretiosa in Yellowstone Humboldt County, California. M.A. thesis, Park, Wyoming. American Midland Humboldt State University, Arcata, Naturalist 61:403–413. California. Turner, F.B. 1959c. Some features of the Tweedell, K.S. 1965. Renal tumors in a ecology of Bufo punctatus in Death Valley, western population of Rana pipiens. California. Ecology 40:175–181. American Midland Naturalist 73:285–292. Turner, F.B. 1960a. Size and dispersion of a Twitty, V., D. Grant, and O. Anderson. 1967. Louisiana population of the cricket frog, Amphibian orientation: an unexpected Acris gryllus. Ecology 41:258–268. observation. Science 155:352–353. Turner, F.B. 1960b. Population structure and Tyler, J.D. 1969. Distribution and vertebrate dynamics of the western spotted frog, Rana associates of the black–tailed prairie dog in p. pretiosa Baird and Girard, in Oklahoma. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Yellowstone Park, Wyoming. Ecological Oklahoma, Norman. 297

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Tyler, J.D. 1970. Vertebrates in a prairie dog Ulmer, M.J., and H.A. James. 1976a . Studies town. Proceedings of the Oklahoma on the helminth fauna of Iowa. 2. Cestodes of Academy of Science 50:110–113. amphibians. Proceedings of the Tyler, J.D. 1982. Cyanistic bullfrog from Helminthological Society of Washington southwestern Oklahoma. Southwestern 43:191–200. Naturalist 27:218. Ulmer, M.J., and H.A. James. 1976b. Tyler, J.D. 1983. Notes on Nematotaenoides ranae gen. et sp. n. (Athene cunicularia) food habits in (Cyclophyllidea: Nematotaeniidae), from Oklahoma, USA. Southwestern Naturalist the leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in Iowa. 28:100–102. Proceedings of the Helminthological Tyler, J.D., and R.D. Hoestenbach, Jr. 1979. Society of Washington 43:185–191. Differences in food of bullfrogs (Rana Ultsch, G.R., S.A. Reese, M. Nie, J.D. Crim, catesbeiana) from pond and stream habitats W.H. Smith, and C.M. LeBerte. 1999. in southwestern Oklahoma. Southwestern Influences of temperature and oxygen upon Naturalist 24:33–38. habitat selection by bullfrog tadpoles and Tyler, M.S. 1994. Stalking amphibians. Maine three species of freshwater fishes in two Naturalist 2:33–44. Alabama strip mine ponds. Hydrobiologia Tyning, T. F. 1990. A Guide to Amphibians 416:149–162. and Reptiles. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, Ultsch, G.R., T.E. Graham, and C.E. Crocker. Massachusetts. 2000. An aggregation of overwintering Ubelaker, J.E., D.W. Duszynski, and D.L. leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, and common Beaver. 1967. Occurrence of the trematode, map turtles, Graptemys geographica, in Glypthelmins pennsylvaniensis Cheng, 1961, northern Vermont. Canadian Field–Naturalist in chorus frogs, Pseudacris triseriata, in 114:314–315. Colorado. Bulletin of the Wildlife Disease Ultsch, G.R., S.A. Reese, and E.R. Stewart. Association 3:177. 2004. Physiology of hibernation in Rana Ugarte, C.A. 2004. Human impacts on pig frog pipiens: metabolic rate, critical oxygen (Rana grylio) populations in south Florida tension, and the effects of hypoxia on several wetlands: harvest, water management and plasma variables. Journal of Experimental mercury contamination. Ph.D. dissertation, Zoology 301A:169–176. Florida International University, Miami. Underhill, J.C. 1960. Breeding and growth in Ugarte, C.A., K.G. Rice, and M.A. Donnelly. Woodhouse’s toad. Herpetologica 16:237– 2005. Variation of total mercury 242. concentrations in pig frogs (Rana grylio) Underhill, J.C. 1961a. Intraspecific variation in across the Florida Everglades, USA. Science the Dakota toad, Bufo hemiophrys, from of the Total Environment 345:51–59. northeastern South Dakota. Herpetologica Ugarte, C.A., K.G. Rice, and M.A. Donnelly. 17:220–227. 2007. Comparison of diet, reproductive Underhill, J.C. 1961b. Variation in biology, and growth of the pig frog (Rana Woodhouse’s toad, Bufo woodhousei Girard grylio) from harvested and protected areas of in South Dakota. Copeia 1961:333–336. the Florida Everglades. Copeia 2007:436– Underhill, D.K. 1966. An incidence of 448. spontaneous caudal scoliosis in tadpoles of Ulmer, M.J. 1970. Studies on the helminth Rana pipiens Schreber. Copeia 1966:582– fauna of Iowa. 1. Trematodes of amphibians. 583. American Midland Naturalist 83:38–64. Unrine, J.M., C.H. Jagoe, W.A. Hopkins, and 298

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H.A. Brant. 2004. Adverse effects of USFWS. 1978. Determination of critical ecologically relevant dietary mercury habitat for the Houston toad. Federal Register exposure in southern leopard frog (Rana 43(21): 4022–4026. sphenocephala) larvae. Environmental USFWS. 1982. Proposal to remove the Florida Toxicology and Chemistry 23:2964–2970. population of the Pine Barrens treefrog (Hyla Unrine, J.M., C.H. Jagoe, A.C. Briton, H.A. andersonii) from the list of Endangered and Brant, and N.T. Garvin. 2005. Dietary Threatened Wildlife and Plants and to mercury exposure and bioaccumulation in rescind previously determined Critlcal amphibian larve inhabiting Carolina bay Habitat. Federal Register 47(179):40673– wetlands. Environmental Pollution 135:245– 40675. 253. USFWS. 1983a. Proposed Endangered status Unrine, J.M., W.A. Hopkins, C.S. Romanek, for Bufo hemiophrys baxteri (Wyoming and B.P. Jackson. 2007. Bioaccumulation of toad). Federal Register 48(19):3794–3796. trace elements in omnivorous amphibian USFWS. 1983b. Final rule to remove the larvae: implications for amphibian health and Florida population of the Pine Barrens contaminant transport. Environmental treefrog from the list of Endangered and Pollution 149:182–192. Threatened Wildlife and to rescind Upton, S.J., and C.T. McAllister. 1988. The previously determined Critical Habitat. Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) of Ferderal Register 48(226):52740–52743. Anura, with descriptions of four new USFWS. 1984. Determination that Bufo species. Canadian Journal of Zoology hemiophrys baxteri (Wyoming toad) is an 66:1822–1830. Endangered species. Federal Register USDI (U.S. Department of Interior). 1965. 49(11):1992–1994. Commercial possibilities and limitations in USFWS. 1994a. Proposed Endangered status frog raising. Fishery Leaflet 436. for the California red–legged frog. Federal USDI. 1973. Threatened Wildlife of the United Register 59(22):4888–4895. States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USFWS. 1994b. Determination of Endangered Resource Publication 114. U.S. Government status for the Arroyo Southwestern toad. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Federal Register 59(241):64859–64866. USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). USFWS. 1996. Determination of Threatened 1977a. Proposed endangered status and status for the California red legged frog. critical habitat for the Pine Barrens treefrog Federal Register 61(101):25813–25833. in Florida. Federal Register 42(65):18109– USFWS. 1999a. Arroyo southwestern toad 18111. (Bufo microscaphus californicus) recovery USFWS. 1977b. Proposed determination of plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, critical habitat for the Houston toad. Federal Portland, Oregon. Register 42(102):27009–27011. USFWS. 1999b. Proposed Endangered status USFWS. 1977c. Review of status of 10 species for the Southern California distinct vertebrate of amphibians. Federal Register population segment of the mountain yellow– 42(148):39119–39120. legged frog. Federal Register 64(245):71714– USFWS. 1977d. Final endangered status and 71722. critical habitat for the Florida population of USFWS. 2000a. Proposed rule to list the the Pine Barrens treefrog. Federal Register Mississippi gopher frog distinct population 42(218):58754–58756. segment of dusky gopher frog. Federal 299

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Register 65(1000):33283–33291. frog (Rana aurora draytonii). Federal USFWS. 2000b. Proposal to list the Chiricahua Register 69(71):19620–19642. leopard frog as Threatened with a special USFWS. 2005a. Proposed designation of rule. Federal Register 65(115):37343–37357. Critical Habitat for the Southern California USFWS. 2000c. Proposed designation of distinct vertebrate population segment of the Critical Habitat for the California red–legged mountain yellow–legged frog (Rana frog (Rana aurora draytonii). Federal muscosa). Federal Register 70(176):54106– Register 65(176):54892–54932. 54143. USFWS. 2000d. 90–day finding on a petition USFWS. 2005b. Revised 12–month finding for to list the mountain yellow–legged frog as the southern Rocky Mountain distinct Endangered.Federal Register 65(198):60603– population segment of the boreal toad (Bufo 60605. boreas boreas). Federal Register USFWS. 2000e. 90–day finding on a petition 70(188):56880–56884. to list the Yosemite toad as Endangered. USFWS. 2006a. Designation of Critical Federal Register 65(198):60607–60609. Habitat for the California red–legged frog, USFWS. 2001a. Final designation of Critical and special rule exemption associated with Habitat for the arroyo toad. Federal Register final listing for existing routine ranching 66(26):9414–9474. activities. Federal Register 71(71):19244– USFWS. 2001b. Final designation of Critical 19345. Habitat for the arroyo toad. Federal Register USFWS. 2006b. Designation of Critical 66(45):13656–13671. Habitat for the Southern California distinct USFWS. 2001c. Final rule to list the population segment of the mountain yellow– Mississippi gopher frog distinct population legged frog (Rana muscosa). Federal segment of dusky gopher frog as Endangered. Register 71(178):54344–54386. Federal Register 66(233):62993–63002. USFWS. 2006c. Proposed designation of USFWS. 2002a. Listing the Chiricahua leopard Critical Habitat for the Southern California frog (Rana chiricahuensis). Federal Register distinct vertebrate population segment of the 67(114):40790–40811. mountain yellow–legged frog (Rana USFWS. 2002b. Determination of Endangered muscosa). Federal Register 71(127):37881– status for the Southern California distinct 37886. vertebrate population segment of the USFWS. 2007. 12–Month finding on a petition mountain yellow–legged frog. Federal to list the Sierra Nevada distinct population Register 67(127):44382–44392. segment of the mountain yellow–legged frog USFWS. 2002c. 12–Month finding for a (Rana muscosa). Federal Register petition to list the Wasatch Front Columbia 72(121):34657–34661. spotted frog as Threatened throughout its USFWS. 2008. Revised Critical Habitat for the range. Federal Register 67(169):55758– California red–legged frog (Rana aurora 55767. draytonii). Federal Register 73(180):53492– USFWS. 2003. 12–month finding for a petition 53680. to list the Sierra Nevada distinct population USFWS. 2009. 90–day finding on a petition to segment of the mountain yellow–legged frog list the northern leopard frog (Lithobates (Rana muscosa). Federal Register [=Rana] pipiens) in the western United States 68(11):2283–2303. as Threatened. Federal Register USFWS. 2004. Proposed designation of 74(125):31389–31401. Critical Habitat for the California red–legged USFWS. 2010a. Revised designation of 300

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Critical Habitat for the California red–legged Van Allen, B.G., V.S. Briggs, M.W. McCoy, frog. Federal Register 75(51):12815–12959. and J.R. Vonesh. 2010. Carry–over effects USFWS. 2010b. Designation of Critical of the larval environment on post– Habitat for Mississippi gopher frog. Federal metamorphic performance in two hylid frogs. Register 75(106):31387–31411. Oecologia 164:891–898. USFWS. 2011a. Listing and designation of Van Bergeyk, W.A. 1967. Anticipatory feeding Critical Habitat for the Chiricahua leopard behaviour in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). frog.Federal Register 76(50):14125–14207. Animal Behaviour 15:231–238. USFWS. 2011b. Designation of Critical Van Buskirk, J. 2000. The costs of an inducible Habitat for Mississippi gopher frog. Federal defense in anuran larvae. Ecology 81:2813– Register 76(187):59733–59802. 2821. USFWS. 2011c. 12–Month finding on a Van Buskirk, J., and R.A. Relyea. 1998. petition to list the northern leopard frog in the Selection for phenotypic plasticity in Rana western United States as Threatened. Federal sylvatica tadpoles. Biological Journal of the Register 76(193):61896–61931. Linnaean Society 65:301–328. USFWS. 2012a. Listing and designation of Van Buskirk, J., and S.A. McCollum. 2000a. Critical Habitat for the Chiricahua leopard Functional mechanisms of an inducible frog. Federal Register 77(54):16324–16424. defence in tadpoles: morphology and USFWS. 2012b. Designation of Critical behaviour influence mortality risk from Habitat for dusky gopher frog (previously predation. Journal of Evolutionary Biology Mississippi gopher frog). Federal Register 13: 336–347. 77(113):35117–35161. Van Buskirk, J., and S.A. McCollum. 2000b. Uyehara, I.K., T. Gamble, and S. Cotner. 2010. Influence of tail shape on tadpole swimming The presence of Ranavirus in anuran performance. Journal of Experimental populations at Itasca State Park, Minnesota, Biology 203:2149–2158. USA. Herpetological Review 41:177–179. Van Buskirk, J., S.A. McCollum, and E.E. Vaala, D.A. 2010. The use of mobile phones Werner. 1997. Natural selection for for conducting acoustic surveys of calling environmentally induced phenotypes in amphibians. M.S. thesis, Rochester Institute tadpoles. Evolution 51:1983–1992. of Technology, Rochester, New York. Van Camp, L.F., and C.J. Henry. 1975. The Vaala, D.A., G.R. Smith, K.G. Temple, and screech owl: its life history and population H.A. Dingfelder. 2004. No effect of nitrate ecology in northern Ohio. U.S. Fish and on gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor) tadpoles. Wildlife Service, American Fauna 71:1–65. Applied Herpetology 1:265–269. Van Compernolle, S.E., R.J. Taylor, K. Valett, B.B., and D.L. Jameson. 1961. The Oswald–Richter, J. Jiang, B.E. Youree, J.H. embryology of Eleutherodactylus augusti Bowie, M. J. Tyler, J.M. Conlon, D. Wade, latrans. Copeia 1961:103–109. C. Aiken, T.S. Dermody,V.N. Kewal Vallinoto, M., F. Sequeira, D. Sodré, J.A.R. Ramani, L.A. Rollins–Smith, and D. Bernardi, I. Sampaio, and H. Schneider. Unutmazl. 2005. Antimicrobial peptides from 2010. Phylogeny and biogeography of the amphibian skin potently inhibit human Rhinella marina species complex (Amphibia, immunodeficiency virus infection and Bufonidae) revisited: implications for transfer of virus from dendritic cells to T Neotropical diversification hypotheses. cells. Journal of Virology 79:11,598–11,606. Zoologica Scripta 39:128–140. Van Denburgh, J. 1898. Herpetological notes. 301

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1. Bufo boreas in Alaska. Proceedings of the Van Hyning, O.C. 1933. Batrachia and reptilia American Philosophical Society 37:139. of Alachua County, Florida. Copeia 1933:3– Van Denburgh, J. 1905. The reptiles and 7. amphibians of the islands of the Pacific Coast Van Meter, R.J., C. M. Swan, and C. A. of North America from the Farallons to Cape Trossen. 2012. Effects of road deicer (NaCl) San Lucas and the Revilla Gigedos. and amphibian grazers on detritus processing Proceedings of the California Academy of in pond mesocosms. Environmental Sciences, Series 3, Zoology 4:1–40. Toxicology and Chemistry 31:2306–2310). Van Denburgh, J. 1912. Notes on Ascaphus, Van Schmidt, N.D., T. L. Cary, M. E. Ortiz– the discoglossid toad of North America. Santaliestra, and W.H. Karasov. 2012. Proceedings of the California Academy of Effects of chronic polybrominated diphenyl Sciences, Series 4, 3:259–264. ether exposure on gonadal development in Van Denburgh, J. 1913. A list of the the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens. amphibians and reptiles of Arizona, with Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry notes on the species in the collection of the 31:347–354. academy. Proceedings of the California Van Winkle, K. 1922. Extension of the range Academy of Sciences. 3: 391–454. of Ascaphus truei Stejneger. Copeia (102):4– Van Denburgh, J. 1924. Notes on the 6. herpetology of New Mexico, with a list of Vance, T., and G. Talpin. 1977. Another species known from that state. Proceedings of yellow albino amphibian. Herpetological the California Academy of Sciences, Series Review 8:4–5. 4, 13:189–230. Vanderburgh, D.J., and R.C. Anderson. 1987a. Van Denburgh, J., and J.R. Slevin. 1914. The relationship between nematodes of the Reptiles and amphibians of the islands of the genus Cosmocercoides Wilkie, 1930 West Coast of North America. Proceedings (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea) in toads (Bufo of the California Academy of Sciences, americanus) and (Deroceras laeve). Series 4, 4:129–152. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65:1650–1661. Van Denburgh, J., and J.R. Slevin. 1915. A list Vanderburgh, D.J., and R.C. Anderson. 1987b. of the amphibians and reptiles of Utah, with Preliminary observations on seasonal notes on the species in the collection of the changes in prevalence and intensity of Academy. Proceedings of the California Cosmocercoides variabilis (Nematoda: Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 5:99–110. Cosmocercoidea) in Bufo americanus Van Denburgh, J., and J.R. Slevin. 1921a. A (Amphibia). Canadian Journal of Zoology list of the amphibians and reptiles of Nevada, 65:1666–1667. with notes on the species in the collection of Vandewalle, T.J., K.K. Sutton, and J.L. the Academy. Proceedings of the California Christiansen. 1996. Pseudacris crucifer: an Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 11:27–38. Iowa case history study of an amphibian call Van Denburgh, J., and J.R. Slevin. 1921b. A survey. Herpetological Review 27:183–185. list of the amphibians and reptiles of Idaho, Vandewege, M.W. 2011. Using pedigree with notes on the species in the collection of construction to test head–starting efficiency the Academy. Proceedings of the California for endangered amphibians:field tested in the Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 11:39–47. Houston Toad (Bufo houstonensis). M.S. Van Devender, T.R. 1969. A record of thesis, Texas State University, San Marcos, albinism in the canyon tree frog, Hyla Texas. arenicolor Cope. Herpetologica 25:69. Vandewege, M.W., D.J. Brown, and M.R.J. 302

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Forstner. 2012. Bufo (=Anaxyrus) Bee. 2012. Dip listening or modulation houstonensis (Houston Toad). Headstart masking? Call recognition by green treefrogs juvenile dispersal. Herpetological Review (Hyla cinerea) in temporally fluctuating 43:117–118. noise. Journal of Comparative Physiology Varhegyi, G., S.M. Mavroidis, B.M. Walton, 198A:891–904. C.A. Conaway, and A.R. Gibson. 1998. Velo–Antón, G., P.A. Burrowes, R.L. Joglar, I. Amphibian surveys in the Cuyahoga Valley Martínez–Solano, K.H. Beard, and G. Parra– National Recreation Area. Pp.137–154 In Olea. 2007. Phylogenetic study of M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Status & Conservation of Eleutherodactylus coqui (Anura: Midwestern Amphibians. University of Iowa Leptodactylidae) reveals deep genetic Press, Iowa City. fragmentation in Puerto Rico and pinpoints Vasconselos, D. 2003. Amphibian and origins of Hawaiian populations. Molecular vegetation dynamics in a restored wetland in Phylogenetics and Evolution 45:716–728. Maine. M.S. thesis, University of Maine, Venable, N.J. 2001. Scales, , scutes & Orono. newts. West Virginia University Extention Vasconcelos, D., and A.J.K. Calhoun. 2004. Service, Morganton. Movement patterns of adult and juvenile Venesky, M.D. 2011. Dynamics of an Rana sylvatica (LeConte) and Ambystoma emerging infectious disease of amphibians: maculatum (Shaw) in three restored seasonal From individuals to communities. Ph.D. pools in Maine. Journal of Herpetology dissertation, University of Memphis, 38:551–561. Memphis, Tennessee. Vasconcelos, D., and A.J.K. Calhoun. 2006. Venesky, M.D., and F.M. Blem. 2008. Monitoring created seasonal pools for Occurrence of Batrachochytrium functional success: a six–year study of dendrobatidis in southwestern Tennessee, amphibian responses, Sears Island, Maine, USA Herpetological Review 39:319–320. USA. Wetlands 26:992–1003. Venesky, M.D., M. J. Parris, and A. Storfer. Vatnick, I., M.A. Brodkin, M.P. Simon, B.W. 2009. Impacts of Batrachochytrium Grant, C.R. Conte, M. Gleave, R. Myers, and dendrobatidis infection on tadpole foraging M.M. Sadoff. 1999. The effects of exposure performance. EcoHealth 6:565–576. to mild acidic conditions on adult frogs Venesky, M.D., R.J. Wassersug, and M.J. (Rana pipiens and Rana clamitans): mortality Parris. 2010. The impact of variation in labial rates and pH preferences. Journal of number on the feeding kinematics of Herpetology 33:370–374. tadpoles of southern leopard frog (Lithobates Vélez A., and M.A. Bee. 2010. Signal sphenocephalus). Copeia 2010:481–486. recognition by frogs in the presence of Venesky, M.D., T.E. Wilcoxen, M.A. Rensel, temporally fluctuating chorus–shaped noise. L. Rollins–Smith, J.L. Kerby, and M.J. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Parris. 2012. Dietary protein restriction 64:1695–1709. impairs growth, immunity, and disease Vélez, A., and M.A. Bee. 2011. Dip listening resistance in southern leopard frog tadpoles. and the cocktail party problem in grey Oecologia 169:23–31. treefrogs: signal recognition in temporally Vergeer, T. 1948. Frog catches mouse in fluctuating noise. Animal Behaviour 82: natural environment. Turtox News 26:91. 1319–1327. Verrill, A.E. 1865. Catalogue of the reptiles Vélez, A., G. Höbel, N.M. Gordon, and M.A. and batrachians found in the vicinity of 303

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Norway, Oxford Co., Maine. Proceedings of amphibiens. Le naturaliste canadien 136:61– the Boston Society of Natural History 9:195– 65. 199. Villella, J., and A. Mims. n.d. A field guide to Vertucci, F.A., and P.S. Corn. 1996. amphibians of Opal Creek. Opal Creek Evaluation of episodic acidification and Ancient Forest Center, Jawbone Flats, amphibian declines in the Rocky Mountains. Oregon. Ecological Applications 6:449–457. Vinson, S.B., C.E. Boyd, and D.E. Ferguson. Vestal, E.H. 1941. Defensive inflation of the 1963. Aldrin toxicity and possible cross– body in Bufo boreas halophilus. Copeia resistance in cricket frogs. Herpetologica 1941:183. 19:77–80. Veysey, J.S., S.D. Mattfeldt, and K.J. Babbitt. Viosca, P., Jr. 1923a. An ecological study of 2011. Comparative influence of isolation, the cold blooded vertebrates of southeastern landscape, and wetland characteristics on Louisiana. Copeia (115):35–44. egg–mass abundance of two pool–breeding Viosca, P., Jr. 1923b. Notes on the status of amphibian species. Landscape Ecology Hyla phaeocrypta Cope. Copeia (122):96–99. 26:661–672. Viosca, P., Jr. 1926. Distributional problems of Vhora, M.S. 2012. A seasonal and comparative the cold–blooded vertebrates of the Gulf study of helminth parasites in some anurans Coastal Plain. Ecology 7: 307–314. from Oklahoma. M.S. thesis, Oklahoma State Viosca, P., Jr. 1928. A new species of Hyla University, Stillwater. from Louisiana. Proceedings of the Vickers, C.R. 1980. Effects of pond ditching Biological Society of Washington 41:89– on cypress pond herpetofauna in north 92. Florida. M.S. thesis, University of Florida, Viosca, P., Jr. 1931. Principles of bullfrog Gainesville. (Rana catesbeiana) culture. Transactions of Vickers, C.R., L.D. Harris, and B.F. Swindel. the American Fisheries Society 61:262– 1985. Changes in herpetofauna resulting 269. from ditching of cypress ponds in Coastal Viosca, P., Jr. 1934. Principles of bullfrog Plains flatwoods. Forest Ecology and culture. Southern Biological Supply Management 11:17–29. Company, New Orleans, Louisiana. Viernes, K.J.F. 1995. Bullfrog predation on an Viosca, P., Jr. 1938. Notes on the winter frogs endangered common chick at of Alabama. Copeia 1938:201. Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge, Kaua’i. Viosca, P., Jr. 1944. Distribution of certain Elepaio 55:37. cold–blooded animals in Louisiana in Viers, J.H., and D.E. Rheinheimer. 2011. relationship to the geology and physiography Freshwater conservation options for a of the state. Proceedings of the Louisiana changing environment in California’s Academy of Science 8:47–62. Sierra Nevada. Marine and Freshwater Viosca, P., Jr. 1960. Frogs and toads of Research 62:266–278. Louisiana. Louisiana Conservationist.12 (2– Viets, B.E. 1993. An annotated list of the 3): 8–11, 20. herpetofauna of the F.B. and Rena G. Ross Viparina, S., and J.J. Just. 1975. The life Natural History Reservation. Transactions of period, growth and differentiation of Rana the Kansas Academy of Science 96:103–113. catesbeiana larvae occurring in nature. Villard, M.–A., M.J. Mazerolle, and S. Haché. Copeia 1975:103–109. 2012. L’impact des routes, au–delà des Visher, S.S. 1914. A preliminary report on the collisions: le cas des oiseaux forestiers et des biology of Harding County northwestern 304

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South Dakota. VI. A preliminary list of the Pacific tree frog in southern California. reptiles and amphibians of Harding County. Copeia 1970:135–144. South Dakota Geological Survey Bulletin Volpe, E.P. 1952. Physiological evidence for No. 6:92–93. natural hybridization of Bufo americanus and Vitt, L.J., and R.D. Ohmart. 1978. Bufo fowleri. Evolution 6:393–406. Herpetofauna of the lower Colorado River: Volpe, E. P. 1954. Hybrid inviability between Davis Dam to the Mexican border. Rana pipiens from Wisconsin and Mexico. Proceedings of the Western Foundation of Tulane Studies in Zoology 1(9): 109–124. 2:35–71. Volpe, E.P. 1955a. Intensity of reproductive Vladykov, V.D. 1941. A preliminary list of isolation between sympatric and allopatric Amphibia from the Laurentides Park in populations of Bufo americanus and Bufo Province of Quebec. Canadian Field– fowleri. American Naturalist 89:303–318. Naturalist 55:83–84. Volpe, E.P. 1955b. A taxo–genetic analysis of Vleminckz, T. 1988. Kweken met de the status of Rana kandiyohi Weed. Noordamerikaanse Groene Boomkikker Systematic Zoology 4:75–82. (Hyla cinerea). Lacerta 46:130–132. Volpe, E.P. 1956a. Mutant color patterns in Voeltz, J.B., and T.R. Jones. 2007. Rana leopard frogs. Journal of Heredity 47:79–85. yavapaiensis (Lowland Leopard Frog). Volpe, E.P. 1956b. Experimental F1 hybrids Reproduction. Herpetological Review between Bufo valliceps and Bufo fowleri. 38:326. Tulane Studies in Zoology 4:61–75. Vogel, L.S. 2007. The decline of Fowler’s toad Volpe, E. P. 1956c. Reciprocal mis–matings (Bufo fowleri) in southern Louisiana: between Hyla squirella and Microhyla molecular genetics, field experiments and carolinensis. Copeia 1956:261–262. landscape studies. Ph.D. dissertation, Volpe, E.P. 1957a. Embryonic temperature University of New Orleans, New Orleans, adaptations in highland Rana pipiens. Louisiana. American Naturalist 91:303–310. Vogel, L.S. and S.G. Johnson. 2008. Volpe, E.P. 1957b. The early development of Estimation of hybridization and introgression Rana capito sevosa. Tulane Studies in frequency in toads (Genus: Bufo) using DNA Zoology 5:207–225. sequence variation at mitochondrial and Volpe, E.P. 1957c. Embryonic temperature nuclear loci. Journal of Herpetology 42:61– tolerance and rate of development in Bufo 75. valliceps. Physiological Zoology 30:164– Vogel, L.S., and J.H.K. Pechmann. 2010. 176. Response of Fowler’s toad (Anaxyrus Volpe, E.P. 1957d. Genetic aspects of anuran fowleri) to competition and hydroperiod in populations. American Naturalist 91:355– the presence of the invasive Coastal Plain 372. toad (). Journal of Volpe, E.P. 1958. Interspecific gene exchange Herpetology 44:382–389. between Fowler’s and the Southern toad. Vogt, R.C. 1981. Natural History of Anatomical Record 131:605–606. Amphibians and Reptiles of Wisconsin. Volpe, E.P. 1959a. Hybridization of Bufo Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee. valliceps with Bufo americanus and Bufo Vogt, T., and D.L. Jameson. 1970. terrestris. Texas Journal of Science Chronological correlation between change in 11:335–342. weather and change in morphology of the Volpe, E.P. 1959b. Experimental and natural 305

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Waddle, J.H., K.G. Rice, F.J. Mazzotti, and Wagner, W.E., Jr., and B.K. Sullivan. 1995. H.F. Percival. 2008. Modeling the effect of Sexual selection in the Gulf Coast toad, Bufo toe clipping on treefrog survival: beyond the valliceps: female choice based on variable return rate. Journal of Herpetology 42:467– characters. Animal Behaviour 49:305–319. 473. Wahbe, T.R. 1996. Tailed frogs (Ascaphus Waddle, J.H., R.M. Dorazio, S.C. Walls, K.G. truei Stejneger) in natural and managed Rice, J. Beauchamp, M.J. Schulman, and F.J. coastal temperate rainforests of southwestern Mazzotti. 2010. A new parameterization for British Columbia, Canada. M.S. thesis. estimating co–occurrence of interacting Universityof British Columbia, Vancouver. species. Ecological Applications 20:1467– Wahbe, T.R. 2003. Aquatic and terrestrial 1475. movements of tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei) Wagner, G. 1997. Status of the northern in relation to timber harvest in Coastal British leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in Alberta. Columbia. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Alberta Wildlife Status Report 9, Alberta British Columbia, Vancouver. Conservation Association, Edmonton. Wahbe, T.R., and F.L. Bunnell. 2001. Wagner, W.E., Jr. 1986. Tadpoles and pollen: Preliminary observations on movements of observations on the feeding behavior of Hyla tailed frog tadpoles (Ascaphus truei) in regilla larvae. Copeia 1986:802–804. streams through harvested and natural Wagner, W.E. 1989a. Social correlates of forests. Northwest Science 75:77–83. variation in male calling behavior in Wahbe, T.R., and F.L. Bunnell. 2003. Blanchard’s cricket frog, Acris crepitans Relations among larval tailed frogs, forest blanchardi. Ethology 82:27–45. harvesting, stream microhabitat, and site Wagner, W.E. 1989b. Fighting, assessment, parameters in southwestern British Columbia. and frequency alteration in Blanchard’s Canadian Journal of Forest Resources cricket frog. Behavioral Ecology and 33:1256–1266. Sociobiology 25:429–436. Wahbe, T.R, F.L. Bunnell, and R.B. Bury. Wagner, W.E. 1989c. Graded aggressive 2004. Terrestrial movements of juvenile and signals in Blanchard’s cricket frog: vocal adult tailed frogs in relation to timber harvest responses to opponent proximity and size. in coastal British Columbia. Canadian Animal Behaviour 38:1025–1038. Journal of Forest Resources 34:2455–2466. Wagner, W.E. 1991. Social selection on male Wahbe, T.R., C. Ritland, F.L. Bunnell, and K. calling behavior in Blanchard’s cricket frog. Ritland. 2005. Population genetic structure of Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas, tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei) in clearcut and Austin. old–growth stream habitats in south coastal Wagner, W.E. 1992. Deceptive or honest British Columbia. Canadian Journal of signalling of fighting ability? A test of Zoology 83:1460–1468. alternative hypotheses for the function of Waitz, J.A. 1961a. Parasites of Idaho changes in call dominant frequency by male amphibians. Journal of Parasitology 47:89. cricket frogs. Animal Behaviour 44:449–462. Waitz, J.A. 1961b. Parasitic helminths as aids Wagner, W.E., Jr., and B.K. Sullivan. 1992. in studying the distribution of species of Chorus organization in the Gulf Coast toad Rana in Idaho. Transactions of the Illinois (Bufo valliceps): male and female behavior State Academy of Science 54:152–156. and the opportunity for sexual selection. Wake, D.B., and V.T. Vredenburg. 2008. Are Copeia 1992:647–658. we in the midst of the sixth mass extinction? 307

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A view from the world of amphibians. Waldman, B. 1991. Kin recognition in Proceedings of the National Academy of amphibians. Pp. 162–219 In P.G. Hepper Science USA 105:11466–11473. (ed.). Kin Recognition. Cambridge Waldick, R.C., B. Freedman, and R.J. University Press, Cambridge, UK. Wassersug. 1999. The consequences for Waldman, B. 2001. Kin recognition, sexual amphibians of the conversion of natural, selection, and mate choice in toads. Pp. 232– mixed–species forests to conifer plantations 244 In M.J. Ryan (ed.), Anuran in southern New Brunswick. Canadian Field– Communication. Smithsonian Institution Naturalist 113:408–418. Press, Washington, D.C. Waldman, B. 1981. Sibling recognition in toad Waldman, B., and K. Adler. 1979. Toad tadpoles: the role of experience. Zeitschrift tadpoles associate preferentially with für Tierpsychologie 56:341–358. siblings. Nature 282:611–613. Waldman, B. 1982a. Sibling association among Waldman, B., and M.J. Ryan. 1983. Thermal schooling toad tadpoles: field evidence and advantages of communal egg mass deposition implications. Animal Behaviour 30:700–713. in wood frogs (Rana sylvatica). Journal of Waldman, B. 1982b. Adaptive significance of Herpetology 17:70–72. communal oviposition in wood frogs (Rana Waldman, B., J.E. Rice, and R.L. Honeycutt. sylvatica). Behavioral Ecology and 1992. Kin recognition and incest avoidance Sociobiology 10:169–174. in toads. American Zoologist 32:18–30. Waldman, B. 1984. Kin recognition and sibling Waldron, J. L., Z. Felix, W. J. Humphries, and association among wood frog (Rana T. K. Pauley. 2001. Herpetofauna of the sylvatica) tadpoles. Behavioral Ecology Bluestone National Wild and Scenic River, and Sociobiology 14:171–180. West Virginia. Proceedings of the West Waldman, B. 1985a. Sibling recognition in Virginia Academy of Science 73:1–10. toad tadpoles: are kinship labels transferred Walker, C.F. 1932. Pseudacris brachyphona among individuals? Zeitschrift für (Cope), a valid species. Ohio Journal of Tierpsychologie 68:41–57. Science 32: 379–384. Waldman, B. 1985b. Olfactory basis of kin Walker, C.F. 1946. The Amphibians of Ohio. recognition in toad tadpoles. Journal of 1. The frogs and toads (Order Salientia). Comparative Physiology A 156:565–577. Ohio State Museum Science Bulletin 1(3):1– Waldman, B. 1986a. Preference for unfamiliar 109. siblings over familiar non–siblings in Walker, D., and S.D. Busack. 2000. Rana American toad (Bufo americanus) catesbeiana (Bullfrog). Tadpole depth tadpoles. Animal Behaviour 34:48–53. record. Herpetological Review 31:236. Waldman, B. 1986b. Chemical ecology of kin Walker, J.M. 1963. Amphibians and reptiles of recognition in anuran amphibians. Pp. 225– Jackson Parish Louisiana. Proceedings of the 242 In D. Duvall, D. Müller–Schwarze, and Louisiana Academy of Science 26:91–107. D.M. Silverstein (eds.). Chemical Signals in Walker, M.V. 1946. Reptiles and amphibians Vertebrates. 4. Ecology, Evolution, and of Yosemite National Park. Yosemite Nature Comparative Biology. Plenum Press, New Notes 25:1–48. [an undated issue with a York. different cover also was published] Waldman, B. 1989. Do anuran larvae retain kin Walker, R.F., and W.G. Whitford. 1970. Soil recognition abilities following water absorption capabilities in selected metamorphosis? Animal Behaviour 37:1055– species of anurans. Herpetologica 26:411– 1058. 418. 308

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Wallace, R.L., and L.V. Diller. 1998. Length of Walton, A.C. 1941a. Notes on some helminths the larval cycle of Ascaphus truei in coastal from California amphibia. Transactions of streams of the Redwood region, northern the American Microscopical Society 60:53– California. Journal of Herpetology 32:404– 57. 409. Walton, A.C. 1941b. Notes on amphibian Walls, J.G. 1978. Leaping leopard frogs. parasites. Proceedings of the Tropical Fish Hobbyist (Nov.):91, 93, 95–96, Helminthological Society of Washington 99–102. 7:87–91. Walls, S.C., A.R. Blaustein, and J.J. Beatty. Walton, A.C. 1947. Parasites of the Ranidae 1992. Amphibian biodiversity of the Pacific (Amphibia). Anatomical Record 99:684–685. Northwest with special reference to old– Walton, B.M., C.C. Peterson, and A.F. growth stands. Northwest Environmental Bennett. 1994. Is walking costly for anurans? Journal 8:53–69. The energetic cost of walking in Bufo Walls, S.C., D.G. Taylor, and C.M. Wilson. boreas halophilus. Journal of Experimental 2002. Interspecific differences in Zoology 197:165–178. susceptibility to competition and predation in Walton, J. 2012. The effects of mine land a species–pair of larval amphibians. reclamation on herpetofaunal communities. Herpetologica 58:104–118. M.S. thesis, University of Texas, Arlington. Walpole, A.A., J. Bowman, D.C. Tozer, and Wang, I.J. 2009. Fine–scale population D.S. Badzinski. 2012. Community–level structure in a desert amphibian: landscape response to climate change: shifts in anuran genetics of the black toad (Bufo exsul). calling phenology. Herpetological Molecular Ecology 18:3847–3856. Conservation and Biology 7:249–257. Wang, I.J. 2012. Environmental and Walston, L.J., and S.J. Mullin. 2007a. topographic variables shape genetic structure Population responses of wood frog (Rana and effective population sizes in the sylvatica) tadpoles to overwintered endangered Yosemite toad. Diversity and bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles. Journal Distributions 18:1033–1041. of Herpetology 41:24–31. Ward, R., C.J. Rutledge, and E.G. Zimmerman. Walston, L.J., and S.J. Mullin. 2007b. 1987. Genetic variation and population Responses of a pond–breeding amphibian subdivision in the cricket frog Acris community to the experimental removal of crepitans. Biochemical Systematics and predatory fish. American Midland Naturalist Ecology 15: 377–384. 157:63–73. Warkentin, I.G., C.E. Campbell, K.G. Powell, Walston, L.J., and S.J. Mullin. 2008. Variation and T.D. Leonard. 2003. First record of the in amount of surrounding forest habitat mink frog (Rana septentrionalis) for insular influences the initial orientation of juvenile Newfoundland. Canadian Field–Naturalist amphibians emigrating from breeding ponds. 117:477–478. Canadian Journal of Zoology 86:141–146. Warkentin, K.M. 1992a. Effects of temperature Walters, B. 1975. Studies of interspecific and illumination on feeding rates of green predation within an amphibian community. frog tadpoles (Rana clamitans). Copeia Journal of Herpetology 9:267–279. 1992:735–730. Walton, A.C. 1938. The Nematoda as parasites Warkentin, K.M. 1992b. Microhabitat use and of Amphibia. 4. Transactions of the feeding rate variation in green frog tadpoles American Microscopical Society 57:38–53. (Rana clamitans). Copeia 1992:731–740. 309

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Warner, S.C., W.A. Dunson, and J. Travis. behavior in anuran larvae. Pp. 273–297 In 1991. Interaction of pH, density, and priority J.L. Vial (ed.), Evolutionary Biology of the effects on the survivorship and growth of two Anurans. University of Missouri Press, species of hylid tadpoles. Oecologia 88:331– Columbia. 339. Wassersug, R.J. 1975. The adaptive Warner, S.C., J. Travis, and W.A. Dunson. significance of the tadpole stage with 1993. Effect of pH variation on interspecific comments on the maintenance of complex competition between two species of hylid life cycles in anurans. American Zoologist tadpoles. Ecology 74:183–194. 15:405–417. Warny, P.R., W.E. Meshaka, Jr., and A.N. Wassersug, R.J., and D.G. Sperry. 1977. The Klippel. 2012. Larval growth and relationship of locomotion to differential transformation size of the green frog, predation on Pseudacris triseriata (Anura: Lithobates clamitans melanota (Rafinesque, Hylidae). Ecology 58:830–839. 1820), in south–eastern New York. Wassersug, R.J., and K. Hoff. 1979. A Herpetology Notes 5:59–62. comparative study of the buccal pumping Washburn, A.M. 1899. A peculiar toad. mechanisms of tadpoles. Biological Journal American Naturalist 33:139–141. of the Linnaean Society 12:225–259. Wasserman, A.O. 1957a. Hybridization in Wassersug, R.J., and M.Yamashita. 2001. three species of spadefoot toads. Copeia Plasticity and constraints on feeding 1957:144–145. kinematics in anuran larvae. Comparative Wasserman, A.O. 1957b. Factors affecting Biochemistry and Physiology A 131:183– interbreeding in sympatric species of 195. spadefoots (genus Scaphiopus). Evolution Wassersug, R.J., T. Naitoh, and M. Yamashita. 11:320–338. 1999. Turning bias in tadpoles. Journal of Wasserman, A.O. 1958. Relationships of Herpetology 33:543–548. allopatric populations of spadefoots (genus Waters, D.L., T.J. Hassler, and B.R. Norman. Scaphiopus). Evolution 12:311–318. 1998. On the establishment of the Pacific Wasserman, A.O. 1963. Further studies of chorus frog, Pseudacris regilla (Amphibian, hybridization in spadefoot toads (Genus Anura, Hylidae), at Ketchikan, Alaska. Scaphiopus). Copeia 1963:115–118. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Wasserman, A.O. 1964. Recent and Society 33:124–127. summarized interspecific hybridization Waterstrat, F.T., R.L. Crawford, and M.P. within the Pelobatidae. Texas Journal of Hayes. 2007. Ascaphus truei (Coastal Tailed Science 16:334–341. Frog). Spider prey. Herpetological Review Wasserman, A.O. 1966. It could be a “froad”; 38:318. maybe a “trog.” Natural History 75(4):18–23. Waterstrat, F.T., A.P. McIntyre, M.P. Hayes, Wasserman, A.O. 1970. Chromosomal studies K.M. Phillips, and T.R. Curry. 2008. of the Pelobatidae (Salientia) and some Ascaphus truei (Coastal Tailed Frog). instances of ploidy. Southwestern Naturalist Atypical amplexus. Herpetological Review 15:239–248. 39:458. Wasserman, A.O., and J.P. Bogart. 1968. Watkins, T.B. 1996. Predator–mediated Chromosomes of two species of spadefoot selection on burst swimming performance in toads (genus Scaphiopus) and their hybrid. tadpoles of the Pacific tree frog, Pseudacris Copeia 1968:303–306. regilla. Physiological Zoology 69:154–167. Wassersug, R.J. 1973. Aspects of social Watkins, T.B. 1997. A microevolutionary 310

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endosulfan, azinphosmethyl, and diazinon on Theodore Roosevelt Natural History Great Basin spadefoot (Spea intermontana) Association, Medora, North Dakota. and Pacific treefrog (Psudacris regilla). Wheeler, G.C., and J. Wheeler. 1966. The Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Amphibians and Reptiles of North Dakota. 29:1604–1612. University of North Dakota, Grand Forks. Wetzel, E.J., and G.W. Esch. 1996. Seasonal Whitaker, J.O., Jr. 1961. Habitat and food of population dynamics of Halipegus occidualis mousetrapped young Rana pipiens and Rana and Halipegus eccentricus (Diagenea: clamitans. Herpetologica 17:173–179. Hemiuridae) in their amphibian host, Rana Whitaker, J.O., Jr. 1971. A study of the western clamitans. Journal of Parasitology 82:414– chorus frog, Pseudacris triseriata, in Vigo 422. County, Indiana. Journal of Herpetology Weyrauch, S.L., and J.P. Amon. 2002. 5:127–150. Relocation of amphibians to created seasonal Whitaker, J.O., D. Rubin, and J.R. Munsee. ponds in southwestern Ohio. Restoration 1977. Observations of food habits of four Ecology 20:31–36. species of spadefoot toads, genus Wharton, J.C. 1989. Ecological and life history Scaphiopus. Herpetologica 33:468–475. aspects of the San Francisco garter snake White, H.Q. 2002. Oviposition habitat (Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia). M.S. enhancement and population estimates of thesis, San Francisco State University, San Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa) at Francisco, California. Beaver Creek, Washington. M.S. thesis, Wheeler, C.A. 2007. Temporal breeding Evergreen State University, Olympia, patterns and mating strategy of the foothill Washington. yellow–legged frog (Rana boylii). M.S. White, J.F. 1988. Amphibians of Delaware. thesis, Humboldt State University, Arcata, Transactions of the Delaware Academy of California. Science 16:17–22. Wheeler, C.A., H.H. Welsh, Jr., and L.L. White, J.F., Jr., and A.W. White. 2002. Heise. 2003. Rana boylii (Foothill Yellow– Amphibians and Reptiles of Delmarva. 1st legged Frog). Oviposition behavior. ed. Tidewater Publishers, Centreville, Herpetological Review 34:234. Maryland. Wheeler, C.A., J.M. Garwood, and H.H. White, J.F., Jr., and A.W. White. 2007. Welsh, Jr. 2005. Rana boylii (Foothill Amphibians and Reptiles of Delmarva. 2nd Yellow–legged Frog). Physiological skin ed. Tidewater Publishers, Centreville, color transformation. Herpetological Review Maryland. 36:164–165. Whitehurst, P.H., and B.A. Pierce. 1991. The Wheeler, C.H., and H.H. Welsh, Jr. 2008. relationship between allozyme variation and Mating strategy and breeding patterns of the life–history traits of the spotted chorus frog, foothill yellow–legged frog (Rana boylii). Pseudacris clarkii. Copeia 1991:1032–1039. Herpetological Conservation and Biology Whiteman, H.H., and N. Buschhaus. 2002. 3:128–142. Behavioral thermoregulation in field Wheeler, G.C. 1947. The amphibians and populations of amphibian larvae. Pp. 79–84 reptiles of North Dakota. American Midland In B.J. Ploger and K. Yasukawa (eds.), Naturalist 38:162–190. Exploring Animal Behavior in Laboratory Wheeler, G.C. 1954. The amphibians and and Field, Academic Press: An Hypothesis– reptiles on the North Dakota Badlands. testing Approach to the Development, 315

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Witte, K., H.E. Farris, M.J. Ryan, and W. Minnesota. Herpetological Review 43:427– Wilczynski. 2005. How cricket frog females 429. deal with a noisy world: habitat–related Wollmuth, L.P., and L.I. Crawshaw. 1988. The differences in auditory tuning. Behavioral effect of development and season on Ecology 16:571–579. temperature selection in bullfrog tadpoles. Witters, L.R., and L. Sievert. 2001. Feeding Physiological Zoology 61:461–469. causes thermophily in the Woodhouse's toad Wollmuth, L.P., L.I. Crawshaw, R.B. Forbes, (Bufo woodhousii). Journal of Thermal and D.A. Grahn. 1987. Temperature selection Biology 26:205–208. during development in a montane anuran Witschi, E. 1953. The Cherokee frog, Rana species, Rana cascadae. Physiological sylvatica cherokiana nom. nov., of the Zoology 60:472–480. Appalachian Mountain region. Woltz, H.W., J.P. Gibbs, and P.K. Ducey. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science 2008. Road crossing structures for 60:764–769. amphibians and reptiles: informing design Witt, W.L. 1993. Annotated checklist of the through behavioral analysis. Biological amphibians and reptiles of Shenandoah Conservation 141:2745–2750. National Park, Virginia. Catesbeiana Woo, P.T.K., and J.P. Bogart. 1984. 13:26–35. Trympanosoma sp. (Protozoa; Witz, B.W., D.S. Wilson, and M.D. Palmer. Kinetoplastidia) in Hylidae (Anura) from 1991.Distribution of Gopherus polyphemus eastern North America with notes on their and its vertebrate symbionts in three burrow distribution and prevalences. Canadian categories. American Midland Naturalist Journal of Zoology 62:820–824. 126:152–158. Wood, J.T. 1948. Microhyla c. carolinensis in Wojtaszek, B.F., B. Staznik, D.T. Chartrand, an ant nest. Copeia 1948:226. G.R. Stephenson, and D.G. Thompson. 2004. Wood, K.V., J.D. Nichols, H.F. Percival, and Effects of Vision™ herbicide on mortality, J.H. Hines. 1998. Size–sex variation in avoidance response, and growth of survival rates and abundance of pig frogs, amphibian larvae in two forest wetlands. Rana grylio, in northern Florida wetlands. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Journal of Herpetology 32:527–535. 23:832–842. Wood, S., and J. Richardson. 2010. Evidence Wolf, K., G.L. Bullock, C.E. Dunbar, and M.C. for ecosystem engineering in a lentic habitat Quimby. 1968. Tadpole edema virus: a by tadpoles of the Western toad. Aquatic viscerotropic pathogen for anuran Sciences – Research Across Boundaries amphibians. Journal of Infectious Disease 72:499–508. 118:253–262. Wood, T.S. 1977. Food habits of Bufo canorus. Wolf, K., G.L. Bullock, C.E. Dunbar, and M.C. M.S. thesis, Occidental College, Los Quimby. 1969. Tadpole edema virus: Angeles, California. pathogenesis of virus infected bullfrog Wood, W.F. 1935. Encounters with the western tadpoles. Pp. 327–336 In M. Mizell (ed.)., spadefoot, Scaphiopus hammondii, with a Biology of Amphibian Tumors. note on a few albino larvae. Copeia Springer–Verlag, New York. 1935:100–102. Wolff, B.G., S.M. Conway, and C.J. Dabney Woodbury, A.M. 1952. Amphibians and III. 2012. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis reptiles of the Great Salt Lake Valley. and ranavirus in anurans inhabiting Herpetologica 8:42–50. decorative koi ponds near Minneapolis, Woodford, J.E., and M.W. Meyer. 2003. 320

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Impact of lakeshore development on green in the Chihuahuan Desert at two frog abundance. Biological Conservation experimental densities. Southwestern 110:277–284. Naturalist 27:119–121. Woodhams, D.C., V.T. Vredenburg, M.–A. Woodward, B.D. 1982d. Male persistence and Simon, D. Billheimer, B. Shakhtour, Y. Shyr, mating success in Woodhouse’s toad (Bufo C.J. Briggs, L.A. Rollins–Smith, and R.N. woodhousei). Ecology 63:583–585. Harris. 2007. Symbiotic bacteria contribute to Woodward, B.D. 1983a. Tadpole size and innate immune defenses of the threatened predation in the Chihuahuan Desert. mountain yellow–legged frog, Rana Southwestern Naturalist 28:470–471. muscosa. Biological Conservation 138:390– Woodward, B.D. 1983b. Predator–prey 398. interactions and breeding–pond use of Woodhams, D.C., R.A. Alford, C.J. Briggs, M. temporary–pond species in a desert Johnson, and L.A. Rollins–Smith. 2008. anuran community. Ecology 64:1549–1555. Life–history trade–offs influence disease in Woodward, B.D. 1984a. Operational sex ratios changing climates: strategies of an amphibian and sex biased mortality in Scaphiopus pathogen. Ecology 89:1627–1639. (Pelobatidae). Southwestern Naturalist Woodhams, D.C., A.D. Hyatt, D.G. Boyle, and 29:232–233. L.A. Rollins–Smith. 2008. The northern Woodward, B.D. 1984b. Arrival to and leopard frog Rana pipiens in a location of Bufo woodhousei in the breeding widespread reservoir species harboring pond: effect on the operational sex ratio. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in North Oecologia 62:240–244. America. Herpetological Review 39:66–68. Woodward, B.D. 1986. Paternal effects on Woodhouse, S.W. 1854. Report on the natural juvenile growth in Scaphiopus multiplicatus history of the country passed over by the (the New Mexico spadefoot toad). exploring expedition under the command of American Naturalist 128:58–65. Brev. Capt. L. Sitgreaves, United States Woodward, B.D. 1987a. Clutch parameters and Topographical Engineers, during the year pond use in some Chihuahuan Desert 1851. Pp. 33–40 In Report of an Expedition anurans. Southwestern Naturalist 32:13–19. down the Zuni and Colorado Rivers, by Woodward, B.D. 1987b. Interactions between Captain L. Sitgreaves. Beverley Tucker, Woodhouse’s toad tadpoles (Bufo Senate Printer, Washington, D.C. woodhousei) of mixed sizes. Copeia Woodliffe, P.A. 1989. Inventory, assessment, 1987:380–386. and ranking of natural areas of Walpole Woodward, B.D. 1987c. Intra– and Island. Proceedings of the Eleventh North interspecific variation in spadefoot toad American Prairie Conference, pp. 47–52. (Scaphiopus) clutch parameters. Woodward, B.D. 1982a. Sexual selection and Southwestern Naturalist 32:127–131. nonrandom mating patterns in desert anurans Woodward, B.D., and P. Johnson. 1985. (Bufo woodhousei, Scaphiopus couchi, S. Ambystoma tigrinum (Ambystomatidae) multiplicatus and S. bombifrons). Copeia predation on Scaphiopus couchi 1982:351–355. (Pelobatidae) tadpoles of different sizes. Woodward, B.D. 1982b. Tadpole competition Southwestern Naturalist 39:460–461. in a desert anuran community. Oecologia Woodward, B.D., and S. Mitchell. 1990. 54:96–100. Predation on frogs in breeding choruses. Woodward, B.D. 1982c. Tadpole interactions Southwestern Naturalist 35:449–450. 321

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Woodward, B.D., and J. Travis. 1991. Paternal (115):34. effects on juvenile growth and survival in Wright, A.H. 1924. A new bullfrog (Rana spring peepers (Hyla crucifer). Evolutionary heckscheri) from Georgia and Florida. Ecology 5:40–51. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Woodward, B.D., and S. Mitchell. 1992. Washington 37:141–152. Temperature variation and species Wright, A.H. 1926. The vertebrate life of interactions in aquatic systems in Grand Okefenokee Swamp in relation to the Teton National Park. Pp. 140–145 In Atlantic Coastal Plain. Ecology 7:77–95. University of Wyoming/National Park Wright, A.H. 1929. Synopsis and description Service Research Center, 16th Annual of North American tadpoles. Proceedings of Report. the United States National Museum 74:1–70. Woodward, B. D., J. Travis, and S. Mitchell. Wright, A.H. 1932. Life–Histories of the Frogs 1988. The effects of the mating system on of Okefinokee Swamp, Georgia. Macmillan progeny performance in Hyla crucifer Co., New York. [reprinted 2002] (Anura: Hylidae). Evolution 42:784–794. Wright, A. H., and A.A. Allen. 1908. Notes on Woolbright, L.L., E.J. Greene, and G.C. Rapp. the breeding habits of the swamp cricket 1990. Density–dependent mate searching frog, Chorophilus triseriatus Wied. strategies of male wood frogs. Animal American Naturalist 42:39–42. Behaviour 40:135–142. Wright, A.H., and J. Moesel. 1919. The toads Woolbright, L.L., A.H. Hara, C.M. Jacobsen, and frogs of Monroe and Wayne counties, W.J. Mautz, and F.L. Benevides, Jr. 2006. N.Y. Copeia (74):81–83. Population densities of the coquí, Wright, A.H., and A.A. Wright.1938. Eleutherodactylus coqui (Anura: Amphibians of Texas. Transactions of the Leptodactyidae) in newly invaded Hawaii Texas Academy of Science 21:5–44. and in native Puerto Rico. Journal of Wright, A.H., and A.A. Wright.1949. Herpetology 40:122–126. Handbook of Frogs and Toads. 3rd ed. Wright, A.A., and A.H. Wright. 1933. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, Handbook of Frogs and Toads. 1st ed. New York. [reprinted 1995] Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, Wright, H.P., and G.S. Myers. 1927. Rana New York. areolata at Bloomington, Indiana. Copeia Wright, A.A., and A.H. Wright. 1942. (159):173–175. Handbook of Frogs and Toads. 2nd ed. Wright, J.W. 1966. Predation on the Colorado Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, River toad, Bufo alvarius. Herpetologica New York 22:127–128. Wright, A.H. 1914. Life–histories of the Anura Wright, M.F., and S.I. Guttman. 1995. Lack of of Ithaca, New York. Carnegie Institution of an association between heterozygosity and Washington, Publication 197. growth rate in the wood frog, Rana sylvatica. Wright, A.H. 1915. The mink frog, Rana Canadian Journal of Zoology 73:569–575. septentrionalis Baird, in Ontario. Copeia Wyatt, J.L., and E.A. Forys. 2004. (23):46–48. Conservation implications of predation by Wright, A.H. 1920. Frogs: Their Natural Cuban treefrogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis) History and Utilization. Department of on native hylids in Florida. Florida Scientist Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries, No. 88. 3:695–700. Wright, A.H. 1923. The salientia of the Wygoda, M.L. 1984. Low cutaneous Okefinokee Swamp, Georgia. Copeia evaporative water loss in arboreal frogs. 322

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Physiological Zoology 57:329–337. Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Wygoda, M.L. 1989. Body temperature in Science 46:96–99. arboreal and nonarboreal anuran amphibians: Yeager, D. 1926. Miscellaneous notes. differential effects of a small change in water Yellowstone Nature Notes 3(4):7. vapor density. Journal of Thermal Biology Yeary, C.M. 1979. Support for a mutualistic 14:239–242. relationship between the western narrow– Wygoda, M.L., and A.A. Williams. 1991. mouthed frog, Gastrophryne olivacea, Body temperature in free–ranging green tree and the tarantula, Dugesiella hentzii. M.S. frogs (Hyla cinerea): a comparison with thesis, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma. “typical” frogs. Herpetologica 47:328–335. Yoder, H.R. 1998. Community ecology of Wylie, G.D., M.L.Casazza, and M. Carpenter. helminth parasites infecting molluscan and 2003. Diet of bullfrogs in relation to amphibian hosts. Ph.D. dissertation, predation on giant garter snakes at Colusa University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. National Wildlife Refuge. California Fish Yoder, H.R., and J.R. Coggins. 1996. Helminth and Game 89:139–145. communities in the northern spring peeper, Wylie, K., M.–L. Gramby, and M. Kostalos. Pseudacris c. crucifer Wied, and the wood 2009. Inhibition of metamorphosis in Bufo frog, Rana sylvatica LeConte, from americanus tadpoles in Nine Mile Run southeastern Wisconsin. Journal of the Restoration Area, Pittsburg [sic], Helminthological Society of Washington Pennsylvania USA. Froglog 91:10–12. 63:211–214. Wylie, S.R. 1981. Effects of basking on the Yoder, H.R., and J.R. Coggins. 2007. Helminth biology of the canyon treefrog, Hyla communities in five species of sympatric arenicolor Cope. Ph.D. dissertation, Arizona amphibians from three adjacent ephemeral State University, Tempe. ponds in southeastern Wisconsin. Journal of Wyman, R.L. 1988. Soil acidity and moisture Parasitology 93:755–760. and the distribution of amphibians in five Yoder, H.R., J. R. Coggins, and J. C. forests of southcentral New York. Copeia Reinbold. 2001. Helminth parasites of the 1988:394–399. green frog (Rana clamitans) from Yahner, R.H., W.C. Bramble, and W.R. southeastern Wisconsin, U.S.A. Comparative Byrnes. 2001. Response of amphibian and Parasitology 68: 269–272. reptile populations to vegetation maintenance Young, C.M., and C.G. Blome. 1975. Summer of an electric transmission line right–of–way. feeding habits of kestrels in northern Ontario. Journal of Arboriculture 27:215–221. Ontario Field Biologist 29:44–49. Yamaguti, S. 1961. Systema Young, F.N., and C.C. Goff. 1939. An helminthum.Volume 3, Part 1. Nematodes of annotated list of the arthropods found in the Vertebrates. Interscience Publishing, Inc., burrows of the Florida gopher tortoise, New York. Gopherus polyphemus (Daudin). Florida Yang, X.B., and D.O. TeBeest. 1992. Green Entomologist 22:53–62. treefrogs as vectors of Colletotrichtum Young, J.E., and B.I. Crother. 2001. Allozyme gloeosporioides. Plant Diseases 76:1266– evidence for the separation of Rana areolata 1269. and Rana capito and for the resurrection of Yang, X.B., D.O. TeBeest, and E.L. Moore. Rana sevosa. Copeia 2001:382–388. 1992. Biological vectors for dispersal of Young, M.K., and D.A. Schmetterling. 2009. Colletotrichtum gloeosporioides. Age–related seasonal variation in captures of 323

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stream–borne boreal toads (Bufo boreas 1999. The role of habitat in structuring boreas, Bufonidae) in western Montana. Halipegus occidualis metapopulations in Copeia 2009:117–124. the green frog. Journal of Parasitology Young, M.K., G.T. Allison, and K. Foster. 85:19–24. 2007. Observations of boreal toads (Bufo Zenisek, C.J. 1963. A study of the natural boreas boreas) and Batrachochytrium history and ecology of the leopard frog, Rana dendrobatidis in south–central Wyoming and pipiens Schreber. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio north–central Colorado. Herpetological State University, Columbus. Review 38:146–150. Zettergren, L.D., B.W. Boldt, D.H. Petering, Young, M.T. 2011. The Guide to Colorado M.S. Goodrich, D.N. Weber, and J.G. Reptiles and Amphibians. Fulcrum Zettergren. 1991. Effects of prolonged low– Publishing, Golden, Colorado. level cadmium exposure on the tadpole Youngstrom, K.A., and H.M. Smith. 1936. immune system. Toxicology Letters 55:11– Description of the larvae of Pseudacris 19. triseriata and Bufo woodhousii woodhousii Zeyl, C. 1993. Allozyme variation and (Anura). American Midland Naturalist divergence among populations of Rana 17:629–632. sylvatica. Journal of Herpetology 27:233– Zacharow, M., W.J. Barichivich, and C.K. 236. Dodd, Jr. 2003. Using ground–placed PVC Zielinski, W.J., and G.T. Barthalmus. 1989. pipes to monitor hylid treefrogs: capture African clawed frog skin compounds: biases. Southeastern Naturalist 2:575–590. antipredatory effects on African and North Zaga, A., E.E. Little, C.F. Raben, and M.R. American water snakes. Animal Behaviour Ellersieck. 1998. Photoenhanced toxicity of a 38:1083–1086. carbamate insecticide to early life stage Ziesmer, T.C. 1997. Vocal behavior of the anuran amphibians. Environmental foothill and mountain yellow–legged frogs Toxicology and Chemistry 17:2543–2553. (Rana boylii and Rana muscosa). M.S. thesis, Zamparo, D., and D.R. Brooks. 2005. Three California State University, Sonoma, rarely reported digeneans inhabiting California. amphibians from Vancouver Island, Bristish Zippel, K.C. 2005. Hyla chrysoscelis (Gray Columbia, Canada. Journal of Parasitology Treefrog). Deprivation tolerance. 91:1242–1244. Herpetological Review 36:301–302. Zampella, R.A., and J.F. Bunnell. 2000. The Zippel, K.C., and C. Tabaka. 2008. Amphibian distribution of anurans in two river systems chytridiomycosis in captive Acris crepitans of a coastal plain watershed. Journal of blanchardi (Blanchard’s cricket frog) Herpetology 34:210–221. collected from Ohio, Missouri and Michigan, Zell, G.A. 1986. The clawed frog: an exotic USA. Herpetological Review 39: 192–193. from South Africa invades Virginia. Virginia Zippel, K.C., A.T. Snider, L. Gaines, and D. Wildlife 47(2):28–29. Blanchard. 2005. Eleutherodactylus Zellmer, A.J., C.L. Richards, and L.M. planirostris (Greenhouse Frog). Cold Martens. 2008. Low prevalence of tolerance. Herpetological Review 36:299– Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis across 300. Rana sylvatica populations in southeastern Zug, G.R. 1985. Anuran locomotion: fatigue Michigan, USA. Herpetological Review and jumping performance. Herpetologica 39:196–199. 41:188–194. Zelmer, D.A., E.J. Wetzel, and G.W. Esch. Zug, G.R., and P.B. Zug. 1979. The marine 324

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toad, Bufo marinus: a natural history resumé Footnotes. –– of native populations. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology (284):1–58. * This publication is variously cited as 1981 or Zulich, M.O. 1966. A population study of four 1982. Vol. 60 was published in 1981, species of frogs. M.S. thesis, Ball State although issue 12 did not appear until University, Muncie, Indiana. January 1982. The online journal is dated Zweifel, R.G. 1955. Ecology, distribution, and 1981, but the reprints are dated 1982. systematics of frogs of the Rana boylei ** Dated 1929, but published 1930. group. University of California Publications *** Dated 1866 but published in 1867. The in Zoology 54:207–292. date attributed to newly described species is Zweifel, R.G. 1956a. Two pelobatid frogs from thus 1867. Also see Cope (1877). the of North America and their ± W.C. Brown’s name was apparently omitted relationships to fossil and recent forms. as a junior author. He appears as such in the American Museum Novitates 1762:1–45. table of contents. Zweifel, R.G. 1956b. A survey of the frogs of # The amphibian sections of this monograph the augusti group, genus Eleutherodactylus. were actually written by Crystal Thompson American Museum Novitates 1813:1–35. and Helen Thompson. Zweifel, R.G. 1961. Larval development of the tree frogs Hyla arenicolor and Hyla Identical text. ––The following papers are wrightorum. American Museum Novitates identical in content and must have been 2056:1–19. mistakenly printed twice: Zweifel, R.G. 1968a. Effects of temperature, body size and hybridization on mating calls Bragg, A.N. 1957. Parasitism of spadefoot of toads Bufo a. americanus and Bufo tadpoles by Saprolegnia. Herpetologica woodhousei fowleri. Copeia 1968:269–285. 13:191. Zweifel, R.G. 1968b. Reproductive biology of Bragg, A.N. 1958. Parasitism of spadefoot anurans of the arid Southwest, with tadpoles by Saprolegnia. Herpetologica adaptation of embryos to temperature. 14:34. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 140:1–64. Bossert, M., M. Draud, and T. Draud. 2003. Zweifel, R.G. 1970a. Distribution and mating Bufo fowleri (Fowler’s Toad) and call of the treefrog, Hyla chrysoscelis, at the Malaclemys terrapin terrapin (Northern northeastern edge of its range. Chesapeake Diamondback Terrapin). Refugia and Science 11:94–97. nesting. Herpetological Review 34:49. Zweifel, R.G. 1970b. Descriptive notes on Bossert, M., M. Draud, and T. Draud. 2003. larvae of toads of the debilis group, genus Bufo fowleri (Fowler’s Toad) and Bufo. American Museum Novitates 2407:1– Malaclemys terrapin terrapin (Northern 13. Diamondback Terrapin). Refugia and Zweifel, R.G. 1989. Calling by the frog, Rana nesting. Herpetological Review 34:135. sylvatica, outside the breeding season. Journal of Herpetology 23:185–186. Swannack, T.M., J.T. Jackson, and M.R.J. Forstner. 2006. Bufo houstonensis (Houston Toad). Juvenile dispersal. Herpetological Review 37:199–200. 325

Dodd.−Revised Frog Bibliography.

Swannack, T.M., J.T. Jackson, and M.R.J. Rana berlandieri. 1991. 508.1-4. Forstner. 2006. Bufo houstonensis (Houston Rana blairi. 1992. 536.1-6. Toad). Juvenile dispersal. Herpetological Rana boylii. 1968. 71.1-2. Review 37:335. Rana cascadae. 1971. 105.1-2. Rana chiricahuensis. 1984. 347.1-2. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Rana clamitans. 1983. 337.1-4. Reptiles. –– Rana grylio. 1982. 286.1-2. Rana heckscheri. 1984. 348.1-2. Ascaphus truei. 1968. 69.1-2. Rana muscosa. 1968. 65.1-2. Bufo alvarius. 1970. 93.1-4. Rana okaloosae. 1993. 561.1-3. Bufo canorus. 1973. 132.1-2. Rana onca. 1988. 417.1-2. Bufo cognatus. 1990. 457.1-8. Rana palustris. 1971. 117.1-3. Bufo houstonensis. 1973. 133.1-2. Rana pretiosa. 1972. 119.1-4. Bufo marinus. 1986. 395.1-4. Rana septentrionalis. 1977. 202.1-2. Bufo microscaphus. 1988. 415.1-3. Rana sylvatica. 1970. 86.1-4. Bufo punctatus. 1999. 689.1-5. Rana tarahumarae. 1968. 66.1-2. Bufo quercicus. 1979. 222.1-2. Rana virgatipes. 1968. 67.1-2. Bufo retiformis. 1978. 207.1-2. Rana yavapaiensis. 1988. 418.1-2. Bufo terrestris. 1979. 223.1-4. Rhinophrynus sp. 1969. 78.1-2. Bufo valliceps. 1970. 94.1-94.4. Rhinophrynus dorsalis. 1969. 78.1-2. Eleutherodactylus augusti. 1967. 41.1-4. Scaphiopus couchii. 1970. 85.1-4. Eleutherodactylus planirostris. 1974. 154.1-4. Scaphiopus holbrookii. 1968. 70.1-4. Gastrophryne sp. 1973. 134.1-2. Scaphiopus intermontanus. 1998. 650.1-17. Gastrophyrne carolinensis. 1972. 120.1-4. Smilisca sp. 1968. 58.1-2. Gastrophryne olivacea. 1972. 122.1-4. Smilisca baudinii. 1968. 59.1-2. Hyla andersonii. 1967. 54.1-2. Hyla avivoca. 1966. 28.1-2. Hyla cadaverina. 1979. 225.1-2. Additional anuran–inclusive bibliographies. Hyla cinerea. 2003. 766.1-14. –– Hyla femoralis. 1988. 436.1-3. Hyla gratiosa. 1982. 298.1-2. Banta, B.H. 1965. An annotated chronological Hyla septentrionalis. 1970. 92.1-4. bibliography of the herpetology of the state Hyla squirella. 1975. 168.1-2. of Nevada. The Wasmann Journal of Biology Leptodactylus fragilis. 2006. 830.1-26. 23:1–224. Leptodactylus labialis. 1971. 104.1-3. Campbell, R.W., M.G. Shepard, B.M. Van Der Limnaeodus ocularis. 1978. 209.1-2. Raay, and P.T. Gregory. 1982. A Pseudacris brachyphona. 1980. 234.1-2. bibliography of Pacific Northwest Pseudacris brimleyi. 1983. 311.1-2. herpetology. British Columbia Provincial Pseudacris clarkii. 1990. 458.1-3. Museum, Heritage Record No. 14. Pseudacris nigrita. 1988. 416.1-3. Carpenter, C.C., and J.J. Krupa. 1989. Pseudacris ornata. 2010. 866.1-8. Oklahoma Herpetology, An Annotated Pseudacris streckeri. 1966. 27.1-2. Bibliography. University of Oklahoma Press, Pternohyla fodiens. 1969. 77.1-4. Norman. Rana areolata. 1083. 324.1-4. Collins, J.T., and J. Caldwell. 1977. A Rana aurora. 1972. 160.1-4. bibliography of the amphibians and reptiles 326

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of Kansas (1854–1976). Reports of the herpetology 1900–1985. J.F. Bell Museum of Biological Survey of Kansas No. 12, 56 pp. Natural History, Minneapolis. Collins, J.T., and R.E. Kurtz. 1977. A Morris, M.A., R.S. Funk, and P.W. Smith. bibliography of the amphibians and reptiles 1983. An annotated bibliography of the of Kentucky (1820–1976). Meseraull Printing, Illinois herpetological literature 1960–1980, Lawrence, Kansas. and an updated checklist of species of the Corn, P.S., R.B. Bury, and H.H. Welsh. 1984. state. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Selected bibliography of Wyoming 33:123–137. amphibians and reptiles. Smithsonian Redmond, W.H., A.C. Echternacht, and A.F. Herpetological Information Service No. 59. Scott. 1990. Annotated checklist and Dixon, J.R. 2000. Amphibians and Reptiles of bibliography of amphibians and reptiles of Texas, with Keys, Taxonomic Synopses, Tennessee (1835 through 1989). Bibliography, and Distribution Maps. 2nd ed. Miscellaneous Publications of the Center for Texas A & M University Press, College Field biology, Austin Peay State University, Station. Clarksville, Tennessee. Dlutkowski, L.A., P.A. Cochran, and M.J. Ross, D.A. 1989. Amphibians and reptiles in Mossman. 1987. Bibliography of Wisconsin the diets of North American raptors. herpetology. Wisconsin Endangered Species Wisconsin Endangered Species Report 59. Resources Report 28. Stewart, M.M., and L.F. Biuso. 1982. A Enge, K.M. 2002. An updated, indexed bibliography of the Green Frog, Rana bibliography of the herpetofauna of Florida. clamitans Latreille 1801–1981. Smithsonian Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Herpetological Information Service No. 56. Commission, Technical Report No. 19. Watermolen, D.J. 1992. Wisconsin [earlier edition with C.K. Dodd, Jr. as herpetology: a bibliographical update with coauthor dated 1992] [ongoing online version taxonomic, subject, and geographic indices. at: http://legacy.myfwc. com/herpbibl/] Wisconsin Endangered Resources Report 87. Moriarty, J.J., and D.G. Jones. 1988. An annotated bibliography of Minnesota

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C. KENNETH DODD, JR. (Ken) received his PhD in Zoology at Clemson University in 1974. Most of his career was with the U.S. Department of Interior: Office of Endangered Species 1976–1984; Research division of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, later transferred to the U.S. Geological Survey (1984–2007). Ken retired from the USGS in early 2007 as Project Leader of the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative in the southeastern United States, and is currently Courtesy Associate Professor in the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation at the University of Florida. Ken has published more than 220 papers, reviews and books, mostly on turtle and amphibian ecology and conservation. His book “Frogs of the United States and Canada” was published by Johns Hopkins University Press in 2013. Ken lives in Gainesville, Florida with his wife Marian Griffey and their 6 cats and numerous turtles. The photograph was taken in 2016 in Gainesville (courtesy of Marian Griffey).

328

January 2018 Contents Volume 13, Monograph 7

TABLE OF CONTENTS i

PREFACE ii

ABSTRACT 1

COMPOSITE BIBLIOGRAPHIC TRIVIA 1

LITERATURE CITED 2

BIBLIOGRAPHY 2

FOOT NOTES 325

IDENTICAL TEXTS 325

CATALOGUE OF AMERICAN AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES 326

ADDITIONAL ANURAN-INCLUSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHIES 326

AUTHOR BIOGRAPHICAL STATEMENT 328

The Southern Leopard Frog (Lithobates sphenocephalus) is a common anuran throughout the southeastern United States and Canada. (Photograph by C. Kenneth Dodd).

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