DOCSLIB.ORG

De Reliekhouder Van De Sluier Van Sint Aldegonde, Elegantie in Het Chapitre Des Dames Nobles De Maubeuge, 1469

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
De Reliekhouder Van De Sluier Van Sint Aldegonde, Elegantie in Het Chapitre Des Dames Nobles De Maubeuge, 1469 Scriptie MA Kunst- en Cultuurwetenschappen Universiteit van Amsterdam Kunstgeschiedenis april 2018 De reliekhouder van de sluier van Sint Aldegonde, elegantie in het Chapitre des Dames Nobles de Maubeuge, 1469 Mevrouw M. Doets BA (Nanne); student 10287906 Begeleider: Prof. dr. H.T. van der Velden Inhoud Inleiding ............................................................................................................................ 4 De reliekhouder van de sluier van Sint Aldegonde ...................................................... 4 Aanleiding voor dit onderzoek ..................................................................................... 5 Hagiografie ....................................................................................................................... 8 Middeleeuwse Vitae en latere levensbeschrijvingen van Aldegonde ........................... 8 Wie is de heilige Aldegonde ......................................................................................... 9 De Vita Prima Aldegundis .......................................................................................... 11 Latere vitae met toegevoegde legenden ...................................................................... 17 Chapitre des Dames nobles de Sainte Aldegonde de Maubeuge .................................... 20 De ontstaansgeschiedenis ........................................................................................... 20 De kloosterregel .......................................................................................................... 21 De inkomsten van het kapittel .................................................................................... 24 Bouwgeschiedenis ...................................................................................................... 27 Relikwieën in het bezit van het Chapitre van St. Aldegonde ......................................... 30 De collectie van relikwieën ......................................................................................... 30 Het authenticiteitbewijs bij relikwieën ....................................................................... 34 De wijding van de sluierreliekhouder van Aldegonde ................................................ 40 De Reliekhouder van de sluier van St. Aldegonde van Maubeuge ................................ 45 Het pronkstuk uit de schatkamer van Maubeuge ........................................................ 45 Het werk van de goudsmid ......................................................................................... 50 De bewaarplaats en het gebruik van de sluierreliekhouder ........................................ 54 De betekenis van de reliekhouder ................................................................................... 57 Iconografie .................................................................................................................. 57 Interpretatie ................................................................................................................. 61 Conclusie ........................................................................................................................ 64 2 Literatuur ........................................................................................................................ 66 Bronnen ....................................................................................................................... 66 Secundaire literatuur ................................................................................................... 67 Afbeeldingen ............................................................................................................... 72 Platen .............................................................................................................................. 74 3 Inleiding De reliekhouder van de sluier van Sint Aldegonde De vier belangrijkste schatten van het voormalige kapittel van Sint Aldegonde in Maubeuge in Henegouwen zijn de botten van de heilige in een moderne zilveren kist, de abdisstaf en een mantel die van Aldegonde zouden zijn geweest en ten slotte haar sluier in een vijftiende-eeuwse reliekhouder. Aldegonde van Maubeuge (ca. 630-684) is een jongedame uit de Merovingische tijd, die door haar deugdzame leven, waarin zij zich geheel aan Christus heeft gewijd, als heilige wordt vereerd. De sluierreliekhouder is onbetwist het pronkstuk van de collectie.1 Deze kleine verzameling is een weerslag van het zeer rijke leven in het seculiere vrouwenkapittel dat heeft bestaan van de zevende tot het einde van de achttiende eeuw. Maubeuge ligt in Frankrijk, departement Nord, Hauts-de France, circa 90 kilometer ten zuidwesten van Brussel. Overigens werd het pas Frans door de Vrede van Nijmegen in 1678; daarvoor behoorde Maubeuge bij de Nederlanden. De hier voorliggende studie focust op de reliekschrijn van de sluier van Sint Aldegonde (afb. 1), die op de historische monumentenlijst werd geplaatst op 15 april 1896 (Classé à l'Inventaire des monuments historiques CIMH). De sluierreliekhouder behoort daardoor bij het nationale erfgoed van Frankrijk. Het object is tijdelijk in depot geplaatst in het Musée Matisse du Cateau-Cambrésis en wordt niet tentoongesteld. Het is een verfijnd werk dat twee engelen voorstelt die een kristallen cilinder met de sluier van Aldegonde dragen. De cilinder waarin de sluier zich bevindt, laat zich niet meer openen, zodat het vermoeden bestaat dat het in de negentiende eeuw werd dichtgelast.2 Volgens een ingesloten stuk perkament zou deze schrijn gewijd zijn tijdens de translatie van de sluier in juni 1469.3 Dit werk van de goudsmid is slechts summier besproken in 1 De woorden reliek en relikwie worden in deze tekst afwisselend gebruikt, zonder onderscheid in betekenis. In samenstellingen heeft de korte vorm reliek steeds de voorkeur. Definitie: Relikwieën of relieken, Lat. reliquiae, zijn overblijfselen of vermeende overblijfselen van lichamen van heiligen of van voorwerpen die door heiligen zijn gebruikt of aangeraakt, waaraan wonderlijke krachten worden toegekend. 2 La Voix du Nord: 09/12/2015: 'Le reliquaire contenant le voile et un authentique (sorte d’acte manuscrit réalisé à chaque ouverture et fermeture du reliquaire), a lui aussi donné bien du fil à retordre aux scientifiques. Si les espèces de vis du socle n’ont pas fait de résistance outre mesure, il en allait d’une autre paire de manches pour l’ouverture du tube de verre contenant le voile. Impossible de défaire le mécanisme de fermeture. Soudé ? « Il va falloir demander au monument historique pour pratiquer des examens plus complets », se résout-on, avant de refixer le reliquaire à l’identique.' 3 Cartier, Nicole. Reflets d'un trésor dispersé. Le trésor du chapitre de Sainte-Aldegonde de Maubeuge 1484-1693. Druk. Gent: Éditions Snoeck, 2015. p. 54. 4 de literatuur, waarin bovendien fouten lange tijd worden herhaald door opeenvolgende auteurs. Omdat de informatie over de reliekschrijn van de sluier van Sint Aldegonde van 1469 beperkt is, stel ik mij ten doel om zoveel mogelijk kennis hierover te verzamelen en te ordenen. Wie is de heilige Aldegonde en waar wordt zij vereerd? Voor wie is het goudsmeedwerk gemaakt en waar? Hoe verhoudt het object zich tot andere reliekhouders? Wat is de context en de gang van zaken bij de inwijding van de schrijn geweest? Daarnaast kijk ik naar de functionaliteit van reliekhouders in het algemeen en het gebruik van deze in het bijzonder. Aanleiding voor dit onderzoek Een tweedaags symposium over kanunniken en kanunnikessen, georganiseerd door de stad Maubeuge, heeft in juni 2015 de kennis bij elkaar gebracht over het Christelijke samenleven in seculiere kapittels van de elfde tot de achttiende eeuw. De aanleiding voor het symposium was de herontdekking en de publicatie van twee historische inventarissen van de schatkamer van het Kapittel van Sint Aldegonde in Maubeuge door Nicole Cartier, een zelfstandige onderzoeker.4 Deze documenten waren bedoeld voor gebruik ten behoeve van het beheer van de schatten van het kapittel.5 Een congresbundel van het symposium is nog niet verschenen, maar wel is in december van hetzelfde jaar het Projet Sainte Aldegonde gestart. Het doel van dit project is de bestudering van verschillende objecten uit de schatkamer van het historische 'illustere en edele kapittel van Sint Aldegonde'. Tot voor kort kwam de wetenschappelijke belangstelling voor relikwieën vooral uit de religieuze hoek, maar nu ontstaat er steeds meer aandacht vanuit historische, kunsthistorische, archeologische en technisch wetenschappelijke invalshoeken. Het wachten is nog op de publicatie van de onderzoeksresultaten van dit Projet Sainte Aldegonde, die voorzien is bij l'Université d'Artois en l'Institut d'Études de Faits Religieux (IEFR). De uitgave van Cartier behandelt twee inventarissen van de schatkamer van het kapittel van Sint Aldegonde in Maubeuge die tussen de vijftiende en het einde van de zeventiende eeuw zijn geschreven. Dit werpt licht op een verzameling, waarvoor in de kunstgeschiedenis tot heden niet veel belangstelling heeft bestaan. De titel Reflets d'un trésor dispersé. Le trésor du chapitre de Sainte-Aldegonde de Maubeuge 1482-1693, 4 Persbericht. Web. 25 april 2018. https://media.cathocambrai.com/686309.pdf 5 Cartier 2015 : 53 5 ofwel 'een reflectie van een verspreide schat', wijst op het verloren gaan of verspreid raken van veel kerkschatten door de eeuwen heen. Omdat slechts een klein percentage van het goudsmeedwerk uit de middeleeuwen nu nog te aanschouwen
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Christianization of the Territory of Today's Moravia and Slovakia Before 8631 Pokristjanjevanje Ozemlja Današnje Moravske In
    655 Izvirni znanstveni članek/Article (1.01) Bogoslovni vestnik/Theological Quarterly 80 (2020) 3, 655—667 Besedilo prejeto/Received:04/2020; sprejeto/Accepted:07/2020 UDK/UDC: 272-9(437.32+437.6) DOI: 10.34291/BV2020/03/Ivanic © 2020 Ivanič, CC BY 4.0 Peter Ivanič Christianization of the Territory of Today’s Moravia and Slovakia before 8631 Pokristjanjevanje ozemlja današnje Moravske in Slo- vaške pred letom 863 Abstract: Christianization, associated with consolidation of power and establish- ment of early Christian state formations, contributed significantly to creation of medieval Europe. Although the territory of today´s Moravia (eastern part of the Czech Republic) and Slovakia came into contact with Christianity already at the end of antiquity, the more intensive Christianization of these lands took place only from the 8th century, when this territory was settled by Slavs. Mis- sionaries from the Frankish Empire, from the territory of Istria, Dalmatia and northern Italy came here. Domestic Slavic elites started to convert to Christian- ity as from the 9th century. For them, Christianity became a means of recogniz- ing their social status externally and allowed them to integrate with the more culturally advanced Christian world. Archaeological findings (e.g. crosses and captorgs, plaques and bells from Bojná, objects of secular character), written sources, sacral architecture and burying methods testify to the existence of Christianity in the territory of today´s Moravia and Slovakia, especially in cen- ters of the power. Key words: christianization, Christianity, missionaries, Slovakia, Moravia Povzetek: Pokristjanjevanje, povezano z utrjevanjem oblasti in vzpostavljanjem zgodnjih krščanskih državnih tvorb, je odločilno prispevalo k oblikovanju sre- dnjeveške Evrope.
    [Show full text]
  • The Heirs of Alcuin: Education and Clerical Advancement in Ninth-Century Carolingian Europe
    The Heirs of Alcuin: Education and Clerical Advancement in Ninth-Century Carolingian Europe Darren Elliot Barber Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies December 2019 ii The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. iii Acknowledgements I wish to thank my supervisors, Julia Barrow and William Flynn, for their sincere encouragement and dedication to this project. Heeding their advice early on made this research even more focused, interesting, and enjoyable than I had hoped it would be. The faculty and staff of the Institute for Medieval Studies and the Brotherton Library have been very supportive, and I am grateful to Melanie Brunner and Jonathan Jarrett for their good advice during my semesters of teaching while writing this thesis. I also wish to thank the Reading Room staff of the British Library at Boston Spa for their friendly and professional service. Finally, I would like to thank Jonathan Jarrett and Charles West for conducting such a gracious viva examination for the thesis, and Professor Stephen Alford for kindly hosting the examination. iv Abstract During the Carolingian renewal, Alcuin of York (c. 740–804) played a major role in promoting education for children who would later join the clergy, and encouraging advanced learning among mature clerics.
    [Show full text]
  • Article Scanning Saint Amandus
    Article Scanning Saint Amandus: Medical Technologies and Medieval Anatomies Jack Hartnell Department of Art History and Archaeology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Abstract Anatomy -- the practice of stripping back the body and revealing it, part by part, for discussion and debate -- is a process much explored by the medical humanities, and it presents rich intellectual and practical potential for medieval studies. Tracing anatomical tendencies in the actions of both modern practitioners and inhabitants of the medieval past, this article advocates for anatomy’s addition to the rostra of bodily discourses at the disposal of historians of medieval culture. Posited as a critical framework in its own right, notions of anatomy, autopsy, and a literal bodily reading offer us new ways of opening up medieval studies today in much the same way as medieval bodies were once opened on the slab. Essay Most sweet Lord, I entreat that it please you that I may be then cut up and opened before you, my Lord and my master, in the same way that certain bodies are dissected before the surgeons in the schools at Montpellier and elsewhere… Henry of Grosmont, duke of Lancaster, Le Livre de seyntz medicines (1354) There is, in a sense, an anatomical instinct. Charles Singer, A Short History of Anatomy (1957) In 2007, a thirteenth-century casket reliquary of Saint Amandus underwent conservation in the technical department of the Walters Art Museum, Baltimore. Originally created to house the remains of Amandus, a seventh-century bishop of Maastricht, in its medieval context this shrine functioned to make the saint eminently present in the eyes of the faithful, despite his material presence merely as bones, dust, and tattered cloth.
    [Show full text]
  • Lower-Class Violence in the Late Antique West
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by White Rose E-theses Online LOWER-CLASS VIOLENCE IN THE LATE ANTIQUE WEST MICHAEL HARVEY BURROWS SUBMITTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS SCHOOL OF HISTORY JANUARY 2017 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of Michael Harvey Burrows to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. © 2016 The University of Leeds and Michael Harvey Burrows 2 Acknowledgements The completion of this thesis would not have been possible without the support and assistance of many friends, family and colleagues. A few of these have made such a contribution that it would be disrespectful not to recognise them in particular. It has been a privilege to be a part of the cadre of students that came together under the supervision – directly or indirectly – of Ian Wood. I am grateful to Mark Tizzoni, Ricky Broome, Jason Berg, Tim Barnwell, Michael Kelly, Tommaso Leso, N. Kıvılcım Yavuz, Ioannis Papadopoulos, Hope Williard, Lia Sternizki and associate and fellow Yorkshireman Paul Gorton for their advice and debate. Ian, in particular, must be praised for his guidance, mastery of the comical anecdote and for bringing this group together.
    [Show full text]
  • Religious Exemption in Pre-Modern Eurasia, C. 300 -1300 Ce
    medieval worlds comparative & interdisciplinary studies No. 6/2017 RELIGIOUS EXEMPTION IN PRE-MODERN EURASIA, C. 300 -1300 CE medieval worlds comparative & interdisciplinary studies medieval worlds comparative & interdisciplinary studies Volume 2017.6 Religious Exemption in Pre-Modern Eurasia, c. 300-1300 CE Guest Editor: Charles West medieval worlds comparative & interdisciplinary studies All rights reserved ISSN 2412-3196 Online Edition Media Owner: Institute for Medieval Research Copyright © 2017 by Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Cover design, layout: Anneke Gerloff Austrian Academy of Sciences Press Dr. Ignaz Seipel Platz 2, 1010 Vienna, Austria Tel. +43-1-515 81/DW 3402-3406 Fax +43-1-515 81/DW 3400 hw.oeaw.ac.at, verlag.oeaw.ac.at Editors Walter Pohl, Austrian Academy of Sciences/University of Vienna Andre Gingrich, Austrian Academy of Sciences/University of Vienna Editorial Board Maximilian Diesenberger, Austrian Academy of Sciences Bert Fragner, Austrian Academy of Sciences Christian Gastgeber, Austrian Academy of Sciences Johann Heiß, Austrian Academy of Sciences Claudia Rapp, Austrian Academy of Sciences/University of Vienna Irene van Renswoude, Huygens Institute for the History of the Netherlands/ Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Pavlína Rychterová, Austrian Academy of Sciences Veronika Wieser, Austrian Academy of Sciences International Advisory Board Glenn Bowman , University of Kent Sabrina Corbellini, University of Groningen Mayke de Jong, Utrecht University Nicola di Cosmo, Institute for Advanced Study,
    [Show full text]
  • May 2017 Divine Mercy Fraternity Secular Franciscan Order, Vero Beach, Florida Regular Meeting: Sunday
    May 2017 Divine Mercy Fraternity Secular Franciscan Order, Vero Beach, Florida www.dmf-ofs.org Regular Meeting: Sunday, May 21, 2017, at 2:00pm, South Room of the Fraternity Officers/Council Members Christian Living Center, St. Helen Church. (exp. 3 years from Jan. 10, 2016) Minister: Fred Schaeffer, OFS Agenda and Schedule - Regular Meeting Vice-Minister: Helen Caldarone, OFS 2:15 Blessing of Donations to the Food Pantry. Secretary: Jean McGovern, OFS 2.20 Discussion: Bring statue, favorite image or medal and tell us about Treasurer: Gene Caldarone, OFS your Marian devotions as Franciscans. Influence on your life, etc. Formation 2:50 Refreshments and Break Director: Donna Haro, OFS Councilors-at-large: 3:10 Franciscan Crown Rosary Jack Reddy, OFS 3:35 Liturgy of the Hours 4:00 Closing Prayers and Dismissal Spiritual Asst.: Rev. Mr. Richard Blake, OFS Refreshment Committee: Snacks. Helen & Gene Drinks: Joanne Council Meeting, Sat. May 20, 2017, at 9 am, St. John of the Cross. Expected participants advised. Remember in your prayers: Fred Schaeffer, Ginny Davis, Ed O’Connor. Marie Fee, Pat Riordan, Stanley Widing, Deacon Blake, and all Franciscans who cannot come to the meeting. Anniversaries: none The “EXPO” - May 7, 2017 Join us for a day of fun filled community building and outreach hosted by the various ministries of St. Helen Church and School. It’s on Tallahassee Ave. Divine Mercy Fraternity is partici- pating. It’s for a good cause; see you before and after Sunday masses. PARKING AND TRAF- FIC ... Tallahassee Avenue will be blocked off. “You may still enter the grass parking lot on either side.
    [Show full text]
  • Sacred Music by Amandus Ivanschiz: Attributions and Variants of Extant Compositions
    Interdisciplinary Studies in Musicology 11,2012 © PTPN & Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, Poznań 2012 MACIEJ JOCHYMCZYK Institute of Musicology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow Sacred music by Amandus Ivanschiz: attributions and variants of extant compositions ABSTRACT: The Pauline father Amandus Ivanschiz (1727-1758) was a composer whose music heralded the style of the early Classical period. He worked mainly in Austria (Wiener Neustadt and Mariatrost), as well as in Rome (it has recently been established that he spent three years there). His sacred mu­ sic, especially masses, litanies and cantata-style pieces to non-liturgical texts, has been preserved in numerous manuscripts (over 260 items) held in eight countries of Central Europe (Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland and Hungary). Comparative analysis of all the manuscripts allows one to distinguish several problems commonly encountered in research into eighteenth-century musical sources, such as variants, multiple versions of works and contradictory at­ tributions of authorship, further exacerbated by the lack of originals. This article focusses on the most recent findings relating to Ivanschiz’s life and religious music, as well as discussing and illustrating discrepancies between various copies of the same compositions by reference to selected works. We will also consider the differentiation of authorial variants from variant versions arising from custom. KEYWORDS: Amandus, Ivanschiz, Ivancic, eighteenth-century church music, Mass, litany, sources, variant, version Musicologists have been interested in the figure of the Pauline father and composer Amandus Ivanschiz since the first decades of the twentieth century. The main sources that mention his name are 1930s publications by the Czech musicologist Vladimir Helfert,1 as well as articles by his student Theodora Stra- kova.2 Initially, both authors took it for granted that Father Amandus was based in the Czech (or Moravian) area, as a considerable number of his works were collected by the Moravian Museum in Brno.
    [Show full text]
  • Dutch. a Linguistic History of Holland and Belgium
    Dutch. A linguistic history of Holland and Belgium Bruce Donaldson bron Bruce Donaldson, Dutch. A linguistic history of Holland and Belgium. Uitgeverij Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden 1983 Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/dona001dutc02_01/colofon.php © 2013 dbnl / Bruce Donaldson II To my mother Bruce Donaldson, Dutch. A linguistic history of Holland and Belgium VII Preface There has long been a need for a book in English about the Dutch language that presents important, interesting information in a form accessible even to those who know no Dutch and have no immediate intention of learning it. The need for such a book became all the more obvious to me, when, once employed in a position that entailed the dissemination of Dutch language and culture in an Anglo-Saxon society, I was continually amazed by the ignorance that prevails with regard to the Dutch language, even among colleagues involved in the teaching of other European languages. How often does one hear that Dutch is a dialect of German, or that Flemish and Dutch are closely related (but presumably separate) languages? To my knowledge there has never been a book in English that sets out to clarify such matters and to present other relevant issues to the general and studying public.1. Holland's contributions to European and world history, to art, to shipbuilding, hydraulic engineering, bulb growing and cheese manufacture for example, are all aspects of Dutch culture which have attracted the interest of other nations, and consequently there are numerous books in English and other languages on these subjects. But the language of the people that achieved so much in all those fields has been almost completely neglected by other nations, and to a degree even by the Dutch themselves who have long been admired for their polyglot talents but whose lack of interest in their own language seems never to have disturbed them.
    [Show full text]
  • Amandus of Maastricht, Patron Saint of Vinegar Producers
    FOOD TRADES AND PATRONS / 3 Amandus of Maastricht, patron saint of vinegar producers CULTURE 10-04-2021 Liana Marabini We are on that fateful day of 3 April 33, a long and tiring day for the Roman centurion who, together with the soldiers under his orders, had to accompany those condemned to be crucified through the city and then up to the Golgotha. They supervised the operations of the executions, holding back the crowd on the verge of revolt. Not to mention the heavy armour - breastplate, metal ear defenders that started from the helmet and joined under the chin, helmet, and then the 2 metre long halberd that was part of the equipment. He is hot, the shouting voices give him a headache, sweat runs down his neck and he wishes he were anywhere but there. He stands at the foot of the cross of one of the condemned, the most contested, the one who caused so many problems: Jesus of Nazareth. And now that man, from high up on the cross says: “I am thirsty”. The centurion takes a sponge, dips it in his portable acetabulum filled with posca (water mixed with vinegar), skewers it onto the tip of the halberd, and lifts it up to the lips of the condemned man. The condemned man drinks it and then says: “Now all is accomplished”. And he dies. The four Gospels recount this episode, a little differently one from the other, but if we consider the episode through the history of food, this gesture of the centurion was one of mercy, not torture.
    [Show full text]
  • Historic Organs of Belgium May 15-26, 2018 12 Days with J
    historic organs of BELGIUM May 15-26, 2018 12 Days with J. Michael Barone www.americanpublicmedia.org www.pipedreams.org National broadcasts of Pipedreams are made possible with funding from Mr. & Mrs. Wesley C. Dudley, grants from Walter McCarthy, Clara Ueland, and the Greystone Foundation, the Art and Martha Kaemmer Fund of the HRK Foundation, and Jan Kirchner on behalf of her family foun- dation, by the contributions of listeners to American Public Media stations nationwide, and by the thirty member organizations of the Associated Pipe Organ Builders of America, APOBA, represent- ing the designers and creators of pipe organs heard throughout the country and around the world, with information at www.apoba.com. See and hear Pipedreams on the Internet 24-7 at www.pipedreams.org. A complete booklet pdf with the tour itinerary can be accessed online at www.pipedreams.org/tour Table of Contents Welcome Letter Page 2 Bios of Hosts and Organists Page 3-6 A History of Organs in Belgium Page 7-12 Alphabetical List of Organ Builders Page 13-17 Organ Observations Page 18-21 Tour Itinerary Page 22-25 Playing the Organs Page 26 Organ Sites Page 27-124 Rooming List Page 125 Traveler Profiles Page 126-139 Hotel List Page 130-131 Map Inside Back Cover Thanks to the following people for their valuable assistance in creating this tour: Rachel Perfecto and Paul De Maeyer Valerie Bartl, Cynthia Jorgenson, Kristin Sullivan, Janet Tollund, and Tom Witt of Accolades International Tours for the Arts in Minneapolis. In addition to site specific websites, we gratefully acknowledge the following source for this booklet: http://www.orgbase.nl PAGE 22 HISTORICALORGANTOUR OBSERVATIONS DISCOGRAPHYBACKGROUNDWELCOME ITINERARYHOSTS Welcome Letter from Michael..
    [Show full text]
  • Bavo of Ghent, OSB Hermit (RM)
    Bavo of Ghent, OSB Hermit (RM) (also known as Allowin, Bavon) Born in Brabant near Liege, c. 589; died near Ghent in 654 (according to the majority; dates range from 624 to 654). The young Bavo, christened Allowin, led a wild life as a wealthy landowner. He married and fathered a daughter; otherwise, his life was totally disordered. His sole object was to satisfy his every desire without regard to justice or truth. When he needed more money, he would sell his servants as serfs to neighboring landowners. Then his beloved wife died. Only thereafter did he realize how selfish his life had been. Upon hearing a sermon of Saint Amandus, his heart convicted of his sin. Bavo began his conversion to Christ by giving away all his property, including his estate at Ghent which he offered to Saint Amandus, who built a monastery there. Bavo begged to enter it, and began a course of canonical penance. So great was his self-mortification that after his death the name of the abbey was changed from St. Peter's to St. Bavo's. By great good fortune Bavo came across one man he had sold as a serf many years before. Bavo begged the man to lead him by a chain in humiliation as far as the city jail. Similar humility marked everything he now did. Saint Amandus allowed him to become his companion on missionary expeditions throughout France and Flanders, during which Bavo's personal mortifications were the wonder of all who saw them. The austerities even of monastic life soon were not enough to satisfy Saint Bavo's desire to discipline the body that he had once over-indulged.
    [Show full text]
  • Mysticism in the Low Countries Before Ruusbroec
    Mysticism in the Low Countries before Ruusbroec John Arblaster and Rob Faesen This contribution examines the mystical literature of the Low Countries pre- ceding John of Ruusbroec. Naturally, we do not intend to provide a complete overview, which would be utterly impossible within the constraints of one chapter. Nor is it our intention to identify Ruusbroec’s literary or theological sources. Indeed, detailed research into Ruusbroec’s sources has yet to be con- ducted—a lacuna that has previously been signaled.1 The intention of this contribution is merely to explore the mystical-spiritual landscape and to indi- cate a number of important elements. Background We need not reiterate that there was a long tradition of mystical experience and reflection in the Low Countries before John of Ruusbroec. In his concise overview, Albert Deblaere indicated a number of significant elements of this tradition: The mysticism of the Low Countries exhibits characteristics which reap- pear in various groupings of mystics from Carolingian times to the 17th century—what is now Flanders played the dominant role in the 13th and 14th centuries, while in the 15th and the 16th it was the present-day Netherlands. The Vita of St Gertrude of Nivelles (7th century, family of Pepin) mentions her bridal mysticism. This mysticism is generally con- sidered to be the high-point of the spirituality of the West and is often traced back to Bernard of Clairvaux. Since Carolingian times, devotion to the Trinity was cultivated in the diocese of Liège. The feast was first intro- duced by Stephen of Liège († 920).
    [Show full text]