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Powering Odisha

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Powering Odisha CSIS BRIEFS CSIS Engaging with India’s Electrification Agenda Powering Odisha By Stephen Naimoli and Dr. Kartikeya Singh SEPTEMBER 2019 THE ISSUE Odisha has raised the rate of electricity access from 82 percent in 2015 to 100 percent in 2019 through a combination of state and central government efforts. Odisha has reduced technical and commercial losses to 28 percent in 2018, down from 38 percent in 2015, but has not met its target of 20 percent. The state has deployed solar power alongside coal power, sought to change ownership of its utility companies and worked to build natural gas infrastructure in the state. Odisha can move forward by using energy to boost economic productivity and deploying energy storage solutions to integrate renewable energy into its grid. Opportunities to partner with the state include creating a renewable energy skills development institute, installing energy storage technologies, and providing billing efficiency solutions. INTRODUCTION development will find that the key to success is supporting Odisha struggles with significant challenges, including skills development and entrepreneurship in the power having some of the poorest and most isolated districts in sector while supporting renewable energy integration India. Endowed with rich mineral resources and a long efforts that pair well with the state’s broader development coastline, all the key topographical ingredients are in place and service delivery initiatives. to catapult the state’s economic development. To address Odisha has increased the share of the population with some of the deep-seeded challenges faced by the state’s electricity access from 82 percent in 2015 to 100 percent population, the state government, led by the Biju Janata in 2019. An important measure of the health of the Dal, has responded with populist measures that have won state’s electric power sector is aggregate technical and it unusual stability in office. Odisha’s governments have commercial losses (AT&C), which measure line losses in the past shown that they are willing to play risk taker from transmission and distribution equipment, power as the state, though shaky in its eventual execution, was theft, billing and collection inefficiencies, and customers’ an early adopter of power sector reforms. Paired with inability to pay. Odisha’s AT&C losses in 2015 were 38 relative political stability, Odisha’s stature as an investment percent. Under the state’s “24x7 Power for All” plan destination is rising. Those wanting to power it’s economic formed with the central government, the state’s utilities CENTER FOR STRATEGIC & middle east CSIS BRIEFS | | 1 INTERNATIONAL STUDIES program WWW.CSIS.ORG Figure 1: Electrification (% of population) July 2019, data from the Ministry of New and Renewable Electrification (% of population) Energy indicate it has installed 397.28 MW, 17 percent of 82% electrified its goal. 2015 100% electrified POWER SECTOR REFORMS UNDERTAKEN 2019 Over the past few years, Odisha has focused on deploying 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% solar power—especially rooftop solar—as well as deploying coal power, determining control of its distribution companies, Source: Government of India and Government of Odisha, 24 X 7 Power for All Odisha (CRISIL Infrastructure Advisory, 2016), https://powermin.nic.in/sites/default/files/uploads/joint_initiative_of_govt_of_india_and_Orissa; REC India, “Saubhagya Dashboard,” Data, 2019, https://saubhagya.gov.in/. and building gas distribution for use in heating, cooking, and vehicle fueling. Figure 2:Aggregate Aggregate Technical Technical and Commercial & Commercial Losses Losses Odisha began allowing grid-connected rooftop solar Target: 20% installations in August 2017. In November 2017, the state instituted a net metering program, crediting customers 2015 for the power generated from their rooftop solar systems 38.00% 28.00% as long as it makes up less than 90 percent of their annual 2018 consumption. In April 2019, the Odisha government gained central government approval to install 18 MW of 0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00% solar on government buildings across the state. Odisha Source: Government of India and Government of Odisha, 24 X 7 Power for All Odisha (CRISIL Infrastructure Advisory, 2016), is building ground-mounted, utility-scale solar as well. https://powermin.nic.in/sites/default/files/uploads/joint_initiative_of_govt_of_india_and_Orissa.pdf; Kartikeya Singh, "Indian electorate cares about electricity – but the power sector remains deeply challenged," The Print, April 26, 2019, In August 2017, German-based IBC Solar signed a power https://theprint.in/opinion/indian-electorate-cares-about-electricity-but-the-power-sector-remains-deeply-challenged/227447/. purchase agreement (PPA) with the central government’s Solar Energy Corporation of India for a 20 MW plant being Figure 3: SolarSolar Deployment, Deployment, July July 20192019 developed in Odisha as part of a 270 MW tender awarded in 2016. In February 2018, Odisha announced a tender for Target: 2,377 1,000 MW of solar projects in the state. Odisha’s electricity trading company Gridco signed two PPAs to buy power 397.28 from solar projects that won bids in this tender: a 40 MW 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Capacity (MW) project developed by the National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) and a 75 MW project developed Source: Source: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, "State wise installed Capacity as on 31.07.2019," Data, August 14, 2019, https://mnre.gov.in/sites/default/files/uploads/State%20wise%20installed%20Capacity%20as%20on%2031.07.2019.xlsx; by Aditya Birla Renewables. The NHPC plans to build Center for Strategic and International Studies, “Solar Performance Tracker,” Engaging Indian States, May 11, 2019, https://indianstates.csis.org/national-goals/solar-performance-tracker/. an additional 60 MW of solar once the first 40 MW are completed. As solar power deployment increases and solar would target AT&C losses of 20 percent in 2019. As of projects reach the end of their anticipated lives, the state 2018, the state’s utilities have decreased losses to 28 expects an increasing waste disposal burden. As a result, percent. Unlike the other states in this series, Odisha CSIS assisted the Odisha Renewable Energy Development is not participating in the central government’s Ujwal Agency (OREDA) in identifying the right partner to Discom Assurance Yojana (UDAY) scheme to improve conduct a study on renewable energy waste and to help the financial health of the country’s utilities, so it does develop a policy on end-of-life solutions for solar panels not have targets for smart meter deployment. While and batteries in 2019. smart meters have not yet been deployed in the state, government officials indicated in interviews that they Odisha makes use of its considerable coal reserves to were working with the central government’s Power generate most of its power, but not without issues. In Finance Corporation to do so. The city of Bhubaneswar has August 2017, a breach in a coal ash pond owned by a target of deploying one million smart meters as part of aluminum company Vedanta led the state’s Pollution its “Smart City” plan implementation. Control Board (OSPCB) to order the company to temporarily shutter over 1,600 MW of coal-fired power Odisha has a target to install 2,377 megawatts (MW) capacity. Later that month, the OSPCB rescinded its order of solar power in the state to contribute to the central for some of the closures, allowing the company to keep government’s target of 100 gigawatts (GW) by 2022. As of 870 MW online. The state has attempted to develop new CSIS BRIEFS | WWW.CSIS.ORG | 2 coal-based generation resources as well. In January 2018, To follow the reforms and initiatives in Odisha’s power sector, India’s Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas announced please visit: https://indianstates.csis.org/states/odisha/. that central government-run natural gas company GAIL would build the country’s first coal gasification plant POST-SAUBHAGYA in Odisha. This plant would convert coal to synthetic In September 2017, Prime Minister Narendra Modi gas that would be cheaper than natural gas for fertilizer announced the Saubhagya Scheme, an ambitious effort production, but theoretically this could be used in power to provide electricity to the 40 million households that generation or to create transportation fuels. The plant still lacked access. The government announced the began construction in September 2018 and is expected completion of the initiative in early 2019. Now that to be completed in 2022. The central government-run Odisha has connected 100 percent of its population to National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) has also been power, some stakeholders in Odisha have suggested constructing a 1,600 MW supercritical coal plant—one that the state should focus on using energy to boost that uses water heated and pressurized to a “supercritical” livelihoods. Given the state’s large agricultural sector, state to boost efficiency—and is expected to come online in off-grid electricity access solutions to store food are an September 2019. important area where energy could support economic development. Mumbai-based Ecozen Solutions has Odisha’s distribution companies (discoms) have changed deployed off-grid, solar-powered cold storage facilities in hands multiple times over the past two decades. The state Odisha that can be located close to farmers’ fields. Odisha has four discoms: Central Electricity Supply Utility (CESU), is also working to integrate renewable energy into its Western Electricity Supply Company of Odisha (WESCO), mostly coal-based grid. This will likely take the form of North Eastern Electricity Supply Company of Odisha adding energy storage to the grid to make the addition of (NESCO), and Southern Electricity Supply Company of variable renewable energy easier. Odisha (SOUTHCO). They were originally state-owned, but the state sold CESU to AES Corp and the other three to a OPPORTUNITIES FOR PARTNERSHIP central government-Reliance Corporation joint venture, • A stakeholder from one of Odisha’s technical BSES, in 1999.
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