STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA ROY COOPER OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR GOVERNOR November 4, 2017 The State of North Carolina Undergraduate and Creativity Symposium Campbell University 143 Main Street Buies Creek, North Carolina 27506 Dear Friends: It is my pleasure to welcome you to the State of North Carolina Undergraduate Research and Creativity Symposium, hosted by Campbell University. I hope you enjoy all the amenities and hospitality of Campbell's beautiful campus, Buies Creek, and the surrounding areas of Harnett County during your visit. North Carolina is the proud home of many exceptional colleges, universities, and community colleges that encourage student research and creativity. This symposium provides an opportunity for undergraduate scholars across our state to showcase their skills, talents, and academic achievements. I commend the participants for your dedication to your field of study, and thank you for contributing to this event. You have my best wishes for an outstanding symposium, and continued success in all your future endeavors. With kind regards, I am Very truly yours, Roy Cooper RAC/smc 20301 MAIL SERVICE CENTER • RALEIGH, NC 27699-0301 • TELEPHONE: 919-814-2000 WWW.GOVERNOR.NC.GOV Leading with purpose Welcome to Campbell University! The State of North Carolina Undergraduate Research & Creativity Symposium (SNCURCS) provides a unique opportunity for undergraduate students from across North Carolina to share their research and engage in conversations with peers and faculty from many of our state’s colleges and universities. Campbell University is honored to host the 2017 Symposium. From its humble beginnings in 1887, the University has held to the passion of its founder, Dr. James Archibald Campbell. His passion was to prepare young men and young women for a living and for a life through Christian Education. Today, this passion is expressed as graduating students with exemplary academic and professional skills who are prepared for purposeful lives and meaningful service. Campbell is a university of the liberal arts, sciences, and professions. Campbell is built on a solid foundation of nine academic divisions - The College of Arts and Sciences, Adult and Online Education, The Lundy-Fetterman School of Business, The School of Education, The School of Engineering, The Divinity School, The College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, The Norman Adrian Wiggins School of Law, and The Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine. These academic divisions are filled with students who come from all over the nation and world. However, we educate more undergraduate students from North Carolina than any other private school in the state. During your visit to Buies Creek, I invite you to explore our campus. I encourage you to take time to stroll along the brick walkways, have a photo taken by the statue of our founder or with the world’s largest bronze camel, step into the chapel for a moment of quiet meditation, or enjoy your favorite beverage at Starbuck’s. As you enjoy our campus, perhaps you will begin to see Campbell University as the place you want to pursue a graduate or professional degree. Please accept my best wishes for an enjoyable and productive conference. Sincerely, J. Bradley Creed President The Collegiate Academy of the North Carolina Academy of Science (CANCAS) is a community of undergraduate students and faculty advisors from various institutions and scientific disciplines that is dedicated to scientific progress. We are excited to hold our fall 2017 undergraduate research workshop in conjunction with the State of NC Undergraduate Research and Creativity Symposium (SNCURCS)! Through this partnership, we hope to empower undergraduates to do scientific research. At the workshop, students will learn about how to write scientifically, deliver scientific posters, create outstanding resumes and CVs, build a professional network, engage in study abroad opportunities, and more! The NC Academy of Science will have its 2018 annual meeting on March 23rd and 24th. At the annual meeting, there will be opportunities to present your research and hear about the exciting investigations being done in NC across multiple disciplines. We look forward to seeing you there! Sincerely, Jawuanna McAllister CANCAS President NC Wesleyan College Acknowledgments The State of North Carolina Undergraduate Research and Creativity Symposium 2017 would not have been possible without the hard work and assistance of the Campbell University Student Research Committee. We would like to thank the members of this committee along with Campbell University moderators for our panels, student workers and volunteers who assisted in the event and the members of the SNCURCS Steering Committee for their assistance in making the 13th SNCURCS event a success. Student Research Committee: Borree Kwok (Assistant Provost) Sarah Steele Michael Jiroutek Jennifer Bunn (Co-Chair) Michelle Thomas Christopher Havran Salvatore Mercogliano (Co-Chair) Qinfeng Liu Elizabeth Blue Elizabeth Cawley Steve Bahnaman Cameron Jorgenson Jacqueline Burgher Jutta Street Nicole Wingate Charles Carter Jordan Womick Mark Steckbeck Terri Hamrick Rachel Ennis SNCURCS Steering Committee: Chris Ashwell & Judy Day, NC State University (2005-2006, 2014, 2018 host) Lee Phillips, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (2007 host) Rebecca Battista, Appalachian State University (2008 host) Kate Bruce, University of North Carolina at Wilmington (2009 host) Francie Cuffney, Meredith College (2010 host) Mary Farwell, East Carolina University (2011 host) Ron Grunwald and Karen Murphy, Duke University (2012 host) Banita Brown, University of North Carolina at Charlotte (2013 host) Rebecca Leggett, North Carolina Independent Colleges and Universities Joanne Altman and Allison Walker, High Point University (2015 host) Michelle Mayo, Russell Robinson, and Melessia Cozart, North Carolina Central University (2016 host) Salvatore Mercogliano and Jennifer Bunn, Campbell University (2017 host) Campbell University Students and Staff: Addison Cagle – Cover Art and Flyers Gabby Amadeo - Booklet Rachel Davis – Administrative Support Megan Avery – Booklet Pam Burgett – Administrative Support Justin Clark – Booklet Rachel Ennis – Administrative Support Special thanks to: ARAMARK, Campbell University Facilities, and Campbell University administration. Table of Contents Schedule at a Glance ………………………………………………………………………………………………………1 George T. Barthalamus Undergraduate Research Grants ………………………………………………….2 Oral Presentation Session #1 ………………………………………………………………………………………….3 Oral Presentation Session #2 ………………………………………………………………………………………….6 Oral Presentation Session #3 ………………………………………………………………………………………….9 Oral Presentation Session #4 ………………………………………………………………………………………..13 Poster Presentation Session #1 …………………………………………………………………………………….17 Poster Presentation Session #2 …………………………………………………………………………………….21 Poster Presentation Session #3 …………………………………………………………………………………….25 Poster Presentation Session #4 …………………………………………………………………………………….28 Art Exhibit Presentations.…………………………………………………….........................................................33 NC Space Grant Submissions.………………………………………………………………………………………...34 Morning and Afternoon Session Facilitators ………………………………………………………………….35 CANCAS Workshops Schedule and Descriptions ……………………………………………………………36 Campus Map ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..38 Campus Dining …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….39 Abstract Submissions by Institution ……………………………………………………………………………...41 Guest Wireless Access Username: cuguest Password: GAWaCU1 1. 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Call the Helpdesk at 910-893-1208 SNCURCS 2017 Hosted by Campbell University Schedule at a Glance November 4, 2017 8 am – 12 pm Registration – D Rich Hall 9 – 9:20 am Welcome from Dr. Boree Kwok, Assistant Provost – Turner Auditorium in D Rich Hall 9:30 – 10:30 am Oral Presentations #1 – LFSB, Kivett Hall, D Rich Poster Presentations #1 – LFSB and Rumley Center in Powell Hall 10 – 10:45 am CANCAS workshops #1 – D Rich 10:45 – 11:45 am Oral Presentations #2 – LFSB, Kivett Hall, D Rich Poster Presentations #2 – LFSB and Rumley Center in Powell Hall 11 – 11:45 am CANCAS workshops #2 – D Rich 11 am – 2 pm Lunch in Marshbanks Hall 12 – 1:30 pm Undergraduate Research Directors Meeting – Trustees Room in Taylor Hall 1:30 – 2:30 pm Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine Tour – Meeting in Levine Hall Campbell University Pharmacy & Health Sciences Tour – Meeting in Smith Hall 1:30 – 2:30 pm Oral Presentations #3 – LFSB, Kivett Hall, D Rich Poster Presentations #3 – LFSB and Rumley Center in Powell Hall 2 – 3 pm Art Exhibition – Rumley Center in Powell Hall 2:45 – 3:45 pm Oral Presentations #4 – LFSB, Kivett Hall, D Rich Poster Presentations #4 – LFSB and Rumley Center in Powell Hall 4 – 4:30 pm Closing Remarks – Lynch Auditorium in LFSB 1 George T. Barthalamus Undergraduate Research Grants 2017 – 2018 The following students have been selected to receive a George T. Barthalamus Undergraduate Research Grant. Dr. Barthalamus was the driving force in starting the State of NC Undergraduate Research and Creativity Symposium and the Director of the Office of Undergraduate Research at NC State University. He was an advocate of students becoming engaged in research early in their academic career, so these