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Theme : Les Processus De Conception Architecturale REPUBLIQUE ALGERIENNE DEMOCRATIQUE ET POPULAIRE Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique Université Hadj Lakhdar –Batna Institut de Génie Civil, d'Hydraulique et d'Architecture Département d'Architecture Mémoire de Magistère en Architecture Option : CONCEPTION ARCHITECTURALE Présenté par M. OUADAH OMAR pour obtenir le diplôme de Magistère en Architecture THEME : LES PROCESSUS DE CONCEPTION ARCHITECTURALE « CAS D’ETUDES LES MINARETS DES MOSQUEES » Sous la direction de monsieur le Professeur : Zeghlache Hamza Professeur « Université de Sétif » Mémoire soutenu le 16/06/2015 Devant le jury composé de : Jury Grade Affiliation Qualité Dr. AMRI Brahim Maitre de conférence Université de BATNA Président Pr. ZEGHLACHE Hamza Professeur Université de Sétif Rapporteur Dr. AICHOUR Boudjemâa Maitre de conférence Université de BATNA Examinateur Année universitaire 2014/2015 1 Résumé : Cette initiative se penche sur la définition de la conception architecturale, ses différentes appellations, son avènement, son évolution, et ses différentes compréhensions à travers une étude théorique entre les différents partenaires intervenants dans la conception,ce travail a essayé de voir l’interaction de la conception architecturale dans son environnement interne et externe afin de l’identifier et de la comprendre. Ce présent travail fait l’objet de décrire le coté concret des objets architecturaux, et analyser au même temps le coté abstrait de ces derniers, pour aboutir en finalité de comprendre les résultats du processus de conception architecturale à travers ses pratiques, et ses activités de conception jusqu’au objet final réalisé, ainsi que le cadre empirique de ce mémoire est le minaret de la mosquée dans la tradition culturelle musulmane. Cette initiative de recherche part du principe que le minaret est considéré comme un objet physique et spatial« Nécessitant l’analyse et la description». Elle a pour but la compréhension de la logique compositionnelle de ces minarets, et les composants de leur système d’analyse. Elle se focalise ainsi sur deux systèmes d’analyses des objets architecturaux. Le premier a pour but de décomposer les minarets en éléments constitutifs, et le second en niveaux constitutifs. Les résultats de ces systèmes d’analyse montrent que ces minarets représentent une composition architecturale acceptée d’être décomposable en fonction des niveaux de composition, et selon des critères formels et conceptuels choisis par les concepteurs, en vue de faciliter leur compréhension. Ainsi que ces éléments et ces niveaux ont des rapports et modalités de liaison entre eux, pour former l’objet global qui est le résultat d’un processus de conception,en appliquant bien sur ses pratiques et ses activités conceptuelles. Mots clés :Conception architecturale, processus de conception, systèmes d’analyse, composition architecturale, éléments constitutifs, niveaux constitutifs, objets architectural, minarets des mosquées. 2 Abstract: This initiative focuses on the definition of the architectural design, its different names, his accession, its evolution and its different understandings through a theoretical study between the different partners involved in design, this study tried to see the interaction of architectural design in its internal and external environment in order to identify and understand. This present work is subject to describe the concrete side of architectural and analyze at the same time the abstract side of the latter, culminating in purpose to understand the results of architectural practices throughout the design process, and its activities conception to final object made and the empirical part of this thesis is the minaret of the mosque in the Muslim cultural tradition. This research initiative assumes that the minaret is considered a physical object and space "Requiring the analysis and description." It aims to understand the compositional logic of these minarets, and the components of their analysis system. It thus focuses on two systems analysis of architectural objects. The first is intended to decompose the minaret components, and the second constituent levels. The results of these analysis systems show that these minarets represent an architectural composition accepted to be decomposed according to the levels of composition, and in a formal and conceptual criteria chosen by the designers, to facilitate their understanding. As these elements and levels of reporting and liaison arrangements between them, to form the global object that is the result of a design process, applying good on its practices and conceptual activities. Key words: Architectural design, design process, analysis systems, architectural design, components, constitutive levels, architectural objects, minarets of mosques. 3 ملخص: تركز هذه المبادرة على تعريف التصميم المعماري،أسماؤه المختلفة،وجوده،تطوره، و مفهوماته المختلفة من خﻻل الدراسة النظرية لمختلف الشركاء المتدخلين في التصميم المعماري، وحاولنا أن نرى التفاعﻻت بين التصميم المعماري وبيئته الداخلية والخارجية وذلك لتحديده وفهمه. هذا العمل الحالي يركز علي وصف المشاريع لجانبها الملموس،والتحليل في نفس الوقت لجانبها المجرد، من اجل الوصول في النهاية إلي فهم نتائج عملية التصميم المعماري من خﻻل ممارساتها وأنشطتها حتى تحقيق تصميم المشروع النهائي المحقق، حيث أن اﻹطار التجريبي من هذه الرسالة هو مئذنة المسجد في التقليد الثقافي اﻹسﻻمي. تفترض هذه المبادرة البحثية أن المئذنة مشروع مادي وفضائي يتطلب التحليل والوصف،وهي تهدف إلى فهم المنطق التركيبي من هذه المشاريع،والمكونة من نظامها التركيبي وبالتالي فإنه يركز على تحليل المشاريع المعمارية بنظامين،اﻷول تجزئة المشروع إلي عناصرها المكونة لهو الثاني إلي المستويات المكونة له. نتائج هذه التحاليل تبين أن هذه المشاريع هي تكوين معماري يقبل التجزئة إلي عناصر و مستويات مكونة،وفقا لمعايير شكلية و أخرى تصميمية مختارة من قبل المصممين لتسهيل فهمهم. حيث أن هذه العناصر والمستويات مرتبة و متصلة فيما بينها،لتشكيل المشروع الكلي الذي هو نتيجة لعملية التصميم،و نتيجة تطبيق ممارساتها وأنشطتها التصميمية. الكلمات المفتاحية : التصميم المعماري،نظام التحليل،عملية التصميم المعماري،التركيبة المعمارية،العناصر المكونة،المستويات المكونة،المشروع المعماري،مآذن المساجد. 4 DEDICACES : Je dédie ce modeste travail : A la mémoire de ma mère. A mon père qui a fait de moi ce que je suis. A ma famille pour leur soutien. A ma femme pour son sacrifice. A ma fille Tomather. A mon fils Mounaim. 5 REMERCIEMENTS : Je tiens à exprimer toute ma reconnaissance à mon Directeur de mémoire Monsieur Le Professeur ZEGHLACH HAMZA. Je le remercie de m’avoir encadré, orienté, aidé et conseillé. J’adresse mes sincères remerciements aussi à : - Monsieur le Docteur ARROUF Abdelmalek et son équipe de recherche pour avoir nous permettre accéder à ce poste graduation en conception architecturale ainsi que ses orientations précieuses et ses remarques constructives, dont j’ai pu profiter tout au long de ma première année théorique. - Tous les membres du jury qui ont accepté de prendre part au jury de mon mémoire et de m’honorer par leur présence afin d’enrichir et d’évaluer ce travail. - Tous les professeurs, intervenants et toutes les personnes qui par leurs paroles, leurs écrits, leurs conseils et leurs critiques ont guidé mes réflexions et ont accepté à me rencontrer et répondre à mes questions durant mes recherches. Je remercie mes frères, et mes sœurs pour leur encouragement. Je remercie très spécialement mon père qui a toujours été là pour moi. A la mémoire de ma mère, qui aurait été très heureuse en ce moment. Qu’elle repose en paix Je tiens à remercier ma femme et mes deux enfants Tomather et Monaimqui m’ont supportés tout ce temps. Enfin, je remercie tous mes Amis que j’aime. Pour leur sincère amitié et confiance, et à qui je dois ma reconnaissance et mon attachement. À tous ces intervenants, je présente mes remerciements, mon respect et ma gratitude. 6 Table des matières Résumé ...................................................................................................................................... ii Abstract ................................................................................................................................... iii iv ......................................................................................................................................... ملخص Dédicaces ................................................................................................................................. v Remerciements ........................................................................................................................ vi Table des illustrations ............................................................................................................. xii 1. INTRODUCTION GÉNÉRALE .................................................................................. 51 2. PROBLÉMATIQUE .................................................................................................... 22 3. METHODOLOGIE ...................................................................................................... 22 CHAPITRE I : LA CONCEPTION ARCHITECTURALE ET SES PROCESSUS ............... 22 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 62 I. LA CONCEPTION ARCHITECTURALE .................................................................. 22 I.1. Condition historiques et conception architecturale ............................................................ 23 I.2. Vision sur les résultats de la conception architecturale .................................................... 25 I.3.
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