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Case Study: Hinthada Township) YANGON UNIVERSTIY OF ECONOMICS MASTER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMME A STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PREPAREDNESS AND PROTECTION OF DISASTERS IN AYEYARWADY REGION (CASE STUDY: HINTHADA TOWNSHIP) Theingi Soe Naing EMPA-65 (15th BATCH) OCTOBER, 2019 i YANGON UNIVERSTIY OF ECONONMICS MASTER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMME A STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PREPAREDNESS AND PROTECTION OF DISASTERS IN AYEYARWADY REGION (CASE STUDY: HINTHADA TOWNSHIP) A thesis submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Public Administration (MPA) degree Supervised by Submitted by Daw Khin Thandar Hlaing Theingi Soe Naing Lecturer Roll No. 65 Department of Applied Economics EMPA (15 Batch) Yangon University of Economics (2016 - 2019) October, 2019 YANGON UNIVERSTIY OF ECONONMICS MASTER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMME This is to certify that this thesis entitled “A Study on Knowledge, Attitude, Preparedness and Protection of Disasters in Ayeyarwady Region (Case Study: Hinthada Township)” submitted as a partial fulfillment towards the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Administration has been accepted by the Board of Examiners. BOARD OF EXAMINERS 1. Professor Dr. Tin Win Rector Yangon University of Economics (Chief Examiner) 2. Professor Dr. Ni Lar Myint Htoo Pro-Rector Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) 3. Professor Dr. Phyu Phyu Ei Program Director and Head of Department Department of Applied Economics Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) 4. Daw Khin Chaw Myint Associate Professor (Retired) Department of Applied Economics Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) 5. Daw Yi Yi Khin Associate Professor Department of Applied Economics Yangon University of Economics (Examiner) OCTOBER, 2019 ABSTRACT This study assessed the community knowledge, attitude and preparedness on disasters in Hinthada Township. The objectives of the study are to assess on knowledge, attitude and preparedness and to examine the prevention/protection of disasters in Hinthada Township. In this thesis, descriptive method is used with primary and secondary data. Primary data is collected from Key Informant Interview (KII) and secondary data is obtained from Department of Disaster Management, Department of Disaster Risk Management, Township Disaster Management Committee, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC), United Nations Organizations as well as related references from internet websites. The survey found that floods and storms are the major disaster for township. This study indicates that it is primary responsibility for the State to protect its people and their property from all kinds of hazards. However the people at community level also need to be aware of the risks of the hazards and to be equipped with the capacity to be prepared and secured from the potential disasters. It is essential to use proactive emergency preparedness management which is Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) approach rather than reactive disaster management which is traditional approach. It is found that preparedness is important in disaster risk reduction at both the state level and community level. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to several people who contributed in different ways before and during this study. First of all, I would like to thank to Professor Dr. Tin Win, Rector, Yangon University of Economics and Professor Dr. Ni Lar Myint Htoo, Pro-Rector of Yangon University of Economics for their permission and giving me the opportunity to undertake this study. I would like to express my gratitude to Professor Dr. Kyaw Min Htun, Pro-Rector (Retd.), Yangon University of Economics, for his excellent teaching, coaching and guidance during my studies. My special thanks to Professor Dr. Phyu Phyu Ei, Programme Director and Head of Department and all of the teachers of MPA Programme for their perspicacious guidance and sharing knowledge and experiences during the two-year course period. I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my supervisor Daw Khin Thandar Hlaing, Lecturer, Department of Applied Economics, Yangon University of Economics for her perspicacious guidance, consistent supervision and sharing valuable knowledge for completion of this study. I would like to express my thanks to residences of Hinthada Township for supporting on my case study and providing valuable data. My thanks also go to my family who has supported me with much devotion during my studies and last, but not least, thanks and gratitude to my classmate friends and especially to those who have helped me out through the difficult time in completing my thesis. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLEOF CONTENTS iii LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale of the Study 1 1.2 Objectives of the Study 2 1.3 Method of Study 2 1.4 Scope and Limitations of the Study 2 1.5 Organization of the Study 3 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Definitions of Hazard and Disaster 4 2.2 Characteristics of Hazard and Disaster 5 2.3 Concepts of Disaster 8 2.4 Disaster Management Cycle 9 2.5 Components of Disaster Preparedness 10 2.6 Community Based Disaster Management Approach 12 2.7 Recovery on Disasters 13 2.8 Reviews on Previous Studies 15 iii CHAPTER III OVERVIEW OF DISASTERS IN MYANMAR 3.1 Definition and Concept of Disasters 17 3.2 Effects of Disaster 22 3.3 Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction Policy 22 3.4 Institutional Arrangements for Disaster Risk Reduction 24 3.5 Disaster Management Communications 27 3.6 Educative Measure for Public Awareness 30 CHAPTER IV SURVEY ANALYSIS 4.1 Survey Profile 33 4.2 Survey Design 35 4.3 Survey Findings 36 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION 5.1 Findings 46 5.2 Recommendations 47 REFERENCES APPENDIX iv LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page 2.1 Timing and Predictably Classifications of hazards 6 2.2 Natural Disaster Classification 8 3.1 Hazard Profile of Myanmar 20 3.2 Public Awareness, Education and Training 31 4.1 Number of Respondents in Each Ward and Village 36 4.2 Demographics Characteristics of Respondents 36 4.3 Respondents’ Knowledge on Disaster 37 4.4 Respondents’ Disaster Preparedness Knowledge 38 4.5 Respondents’ Experienced Disaster Types 39 4.6 Needs of Disasters Preparedness Plan 40 4.7 Knowledge of Disaster Plans 41 4.8 Disaster plans among family members 41 4.9 Receiving Disaster Information in the past 12 month 42 4.10 Respondents’ participations for drills 43 4.11 Usefulness of drills 43 4.12 Township and village practice drills 44 4.13 Knowledge on evacuation 44 4.14 Disaster knowledge and training for school children 45 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Title Page 2.1 Disaster Management Cycle 10 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AADMER ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response AHA ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ADPC Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre ASDA Ashoka Social Development Association CBDRM Community Based Disaster Risk Management DDM Department of Disaster Management DMC Disaster Management Course DMTC Disaster Management Training Centre DRR WG Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group GoM Government of Myanmar IEC Information, Education and Communication IFRC International Federation of Red Cross MAPDRR Myanmar Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction MCCDDM Myanmar Consortium for Capacity Development on Disaster Management MSWRR Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement NDMC National Disaster Management Committee NGO Non-Governmental Organization PSI Population Services International RRD Relief and Resettlement Department ToT Training of Trainers vii UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UN-Habitat United Nations Human Settlement Programme UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund UNISDR United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction UNOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs UNDP United Nations Development Programme WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale of the Study Myanmar is exposed to natural disasters such as flooding, drought, earthquakes, cyclones, and communicable and infectious disease outbreaks. Myanmar ranks as one of the most vulnerable countries to the effects of climate change and the impacts of natural disasters are expected to increase in the immediate future. Floods and landslides in 2015 demonstrated the vulnerability of the country to natural disasters. In addition, its population is highly vulnerability to multiple hazards: in the last 30 years alone, Myanmar suffered from 27 disaster events (seismic activity, epidemic, flood, landslides and storms) killing 162,643 people; affecting more than 4,596,724 and causing over 5,913,743,000 USD damages. Almost the entire country is affected by natural hazards, with varying intensity depending on the hazards. Drought is the most tenacious hazard throughout the country, cyclones effect three distinct regions of the country, earthquakes and floods significantly affect similar areas when weighted by mortality, however, floods generally causes more economic damaged. Landslides also present a significant risk for regions on the western border. Furthermore Myanmar has been affected by ongoing national conflicts for the past 40 years, which have yielded population displacements and humanitarian crisis including the Bengali population. Myanmar has made important progress in its disaster management policies, plans, and procedures since
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