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Joseph E. Haley, CSC Y José Luis Múzquiz, Sacerdote Del Opus

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STUDIA ET DOCUMENTA RIvISTA DEll’ISTITUTO STORICO San JosemaríA Escrivá VOL. 15 – 2021 ISTITUTO STORICO SAN JOSEMARíA ESCRIvá – ROMA Studia et Documenta Rivista dell’Istituto Storico San Josemaría Escrivá Pubblicazione annuale Volume 15, 2021 Comitato editoriale / Editorial Board Direttore/Director: Consulenti editoriali/ Carlo Pioppi Editorial Consultans: (Ist. Storico S. Josemaría Escrivá, Italia) Francesc Castells (Arch. Gen. Prelatura dell’Opus Dei, Italia) Vicedirettore / Assistant Director: Luis Cano Federico M. Requena (Ist. Storico S. Josemaría Escrivá, Italia) (Università di Navarra, Spagna) Alfredo Méndiz (Ist. Storico S. Josemaría Escrivá, Italia) Assistenti editoriali / Editorial assistants María Eugenia Ossandón Segretario / Editorial Secretary: (Pont. Univ. S. Croce, Italia) Fernando Crovetto María Isabel Montero (Ist. Storico S. Josemaría Escrivá, Italia) (Ist. Storico S. Josemaría Escrivá, Italia) Amministrazione / Administration: Sezione bibliografica / Javier Domingo Bibliographic section: (Ist. Storico S. Josemaría Escrivá, Italia) Santiago Martínez (Università di Navarra, Spagna) Comitato scientifico / Advisory Board Constantino Ánchel (CEDEJ, Spagna), José Andrés-Gallego (CSIC, Spagna), Antonio Aranda (Università di Navarra, Spagna), María Antonia Bel Bravo (Università di Jaén, Spagna), Jaume Aurell (Università di Navarra, Spagna), John Coverdale (Seton Hall University, Stati Uniti), Onésimo Díaz (Università di Navarra, Spagna), Álvaro Ferrary (Università di Navarra, Spagna), Johannes Grohe (Pontificia Università della Santa Croce, Roma), José Luis Illanes (Istituto Storico San Josemaría Escrivá, Italia), Mercedes Montero (Università di Navarra, Spagna), Lucina Moreno (Università Panamericana, Messico), Pablo Pérez López (Università di Navarra, Spagna), Pedro Rodríguez (Università di Navarra, Spagna), Josep-Ignasi Saranyana (Pontificio Comitato di Scienze Storiche, Città del Vaticano), Adelaida Sagarra (Università di Burgos, Spagna), Barbara Schellenberger (Joseph-Kuhl-Gesellschaft, Germania). Sommario La consolidación y expansión del Opus Dei entre sus dos primeros congresos generales (1951-1956) Presentación Carmen Alejos ........................................... 7 Tra ricostruzione e Guerra Fredda: Pio XII, il mondo e la Chiesa dal 1945 al 1958 Carlo Pioppi ............................................. 11 El I Congreso general del Opus Dei (1951) Francesc Castells – José Luis González Gullón ................. 37 Los agregados del Opus Dei: historia de los comienzos Constantino Ánchel . 73 Las agregadas del Opus Dei, preparación y comprensión de la misión. España 1950-1955 María Eugenia Ossandón – María Hernández-Sampelayo ...... 143 Nihil sine episcopo. Los obispos españoles ante la Sociedad Sacerdotal de la Santa Cruz, 1950-1959 Santiago Martínez Sánchez ................................ 179 La expansión del Opus Dei desde España entre la aprobación definitiva y el II Congreso general (1950-1956) Fernando Crovetto - Federico M. Requena .................... 247 ISSN 1970-4879 SetD 15 (2021) 3 Studi e note Joseph E. Haley, C.S.C. y José Luis Múzquiz, sacerdote del Opus Dei: apostolado laical y secularidad en Estados Unidos antes del Concilio Vaticano II (1949-1961) Federico M. Requena ...................................... 287 Documenti José Luis Múzquiz en Portugal (6 a 14 de marzo de 1941): relación de viaje Alfredo Méndiz .......................................... 385 Textos de la predicación oral de san Josemaría Escrivá en Crónica, enero-junio 1970 Luis Cano ............................................... 401 Sezione bibliografica Recensioni ................................................... 459 Schede bibliografiche ......................................... 483 Elenco bibliografico Bibliografía general sobre los Prelados del Opus Dei: Fernando Ocáriz, 1972-2013 José Mario Fernández Montes – Santiago Martínez ............ 497 4 SetD 15 (2021) STUDI E NOTE Joseph E. Haley, C.S.C. y José Luis Múzquiz, sacerdote del Opus Dei: apostolado laical y secularidad en Estados Unidos antes del Concilio Vaticano II (1949-1961) FEDERICO M. REqUENA Abstract: Durante la década que precedió al Concilio Vaticano II, los sacer- dotes Joseph E. Haley, C.S.C., de la Universidad de Notre Dame, y José Luis Múzquiz, sacerdote del Opus Dei, se convirtieron en referentes de los institu- tos seculares en los Estados Unidos. La historia de sus encuentros y desencuen- tros pone de manifiesto diversas interpretaciones en torno a la nueva figura canónica, ligadas a diferentes nociones en tono a la secularidad y al modo de entender la vocación y la misión de los laicos en el mundo. Durante estos años, el Opus Dei pasó de considerarse el modelo de los institutos seculares, a com- prender que esa figura no se adaptaba a su naturaleza. Se abordan también las dimensiones trasatlánticas que tuvieron los encuentros y desencuentros entre Haley y Muzquiz en torno a los institutos seculares. Keywords: Joseph E. Haley - José Luis Múzquiz – Opus Dei – Universidad de Notre Dame – Estados Unidos – catolicismo - institutos seculares – aposto- lado laical – secularidad – Arcadio Larraona – Álvaro del Portillo – Edward Heston – Salvador Canals – Elio Gambari – 1949-1961 Joseph E. Haley, C.S.C. and José Luis Múzquiz, Opus Dei Priest: Lay Apostolate and Secularity in the United States before the Second Vati- can Council (1949-1961): During the ten years preceding the Second Vatican Council, the priests Joseph E. Haley, C.S.C., of the University of Notre Dame, and José Luis Múzquiz, of Opus Dei, became leaders of secular institutes in the United States. The history of their agreements and differences reveals a ISSN 1970-4879 SetD 15 (2021) 287-382 287 DOI: 10.48275/setd.15.2021.08 Federico M. requena diversity of interpretations of the new canonical figure, linked to a diversity of conceptions of secularity and the way of understanding the vocation and mis- sion of the laity in the world. During these years, Opus Dei evolved from con- sidering itself the model of the secular institutes, to understanding that this figure did not suit its nature. The transatlantic dimensions of the agreements and differences between Haley and Muzquiz concerning secular institutes are also addressed. Keywords: Joseph E. Haley - José Luis Múzquiz – Opus Dei – University of Notre Dame – United States – Catholicism – Secular Institutes – lay aposto- late – secularity – Arcadio Larraona – Alvaro del Portillo – Edward Heston – Salvador Canals – Elio Gambari – 1949-1961 El 29 de septiembre de 1959, la Assembly of Major Superiors of Religious and Secular Institutes de los Estados Unidos aprobó la Conference of the Life of Total Dedication in the World, que el sacerdote Joseph E. Haley, C.S.C., de la Universidad de Notre Dame, venía promoviendo desde una década atrás1. Pocos meses después, Josemaría Escrivá fue informado en Roma de que los miembros del Opus Dei en los Estados Unidos habían recibido una carta, fechada el 31 de enero de 1960, en la que se les invitaba a formar parte de una conferencia de almas consagradas a Dios en el mundo, presidida por religiosos2. Para los estudiosos de la historia del itinerario jurídico del Opus Dei, este fue uno de los varios episodios que tuvieron lugar en la vigilia del Concilio Vati- cano II, y que empujaron al fundador a buscar una configuración jurídica distinta a la del instituto secular. El Opus Dei había sido reconocido como tal en 19473. A comienzos de 1949, coincidiendo con el inicio del interés de Joseph E. Haley por los institutos seculares, el sacerdote José Luis Múzquiz se había tras- ladado desde España a Estados Unidos para comenzar allí el trabajo del Opus 1 Cfr. Bulletin. The Dedicated Life in the World and Secular Institutes, abril 1960. En el Archivo General de la Prelatura del Opus Dei (AGP) se conservan esos boletines, que Múzquiz recibía de Haley y enviaba a Roma, AGP, serie L.1.1, 215-2. Al citarlos, en lo sucesivo, se omitirá la referencia al AGP. 2 Cfr. Amadeo de Fuenmayor – Valentín Gómez-Iglesias – José Luis Illanes, El itinerario jurídico del Opus Dei. Historia y defensa de un carisma, Pamplona, Eunsa, 1989, p. 324. 3 Conviene tener en cuenta como premisa de este estudio que el Opus Dei, fundado en 1928, estuvo encuadrado canónicamente bajo la figura del instituto secular durante poco más de un tercio de su ya casi centenaria historia. Concretamente, desde 1947 hasta 1982. En 1982, el Opus Dei recibió su adecuado y definitivo encuadramiento jurídico como prelatura personal, figura creada por el Concilio Vaticano II. Es más, se podría decir que el Opus Dei se consideró un instituto secular durante menos tiempo aun, solo durante unos 13 años. Efectivamente, desde los primeros años sesenta, como se verá, Josemaría Escrivá estaba intentando abandonar esa figura jurídica y el Opus Dei no se consideraría “de hecho” un instituto secular, aunque siguiera siéndolo según el derecho. 288 SetD 15 (2021) Joseph e. haley, C.s.C. y José luis Múzquiz, saCerdote del opus dei: apostolado laiCal y seCularidad en estados unidos antes del ConCilio VatiCano ii (1949-1961) Dei4. Se trataba del primer instituto secular que llegaba a los Estados Unidos. Y, más concretamente, a Chicago, no lejos de la Universidad de Notre Dame donde se encontraba Haley. Los dos sacerdotes tuvieron ocasión de entrar pronto en contacto. Durante algo más de una década, entre 1949 y 1961, Haley y Múzquiz, desde posiciones y prioridades diversas, contribuyeron a hacer presente la novedad de los institutos seculares en los Estados Unidos. Este estudio
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