DOCSLIB.ORG

Risehill Tunnel Navvy Camp, Cumbria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Risehill Tunnel Navvy Camp, Cumbria Wessex Archaeology Risehill Tunnel Navvy Camp Cumbria Archaeological Evaluation and Assessment of Results Ref: 68737 December 2008 Risehill Tunnel Navvy Camp, Cumbria Archaeological Evaluation and Assessment of Results Prepared on behalf of: Videotext Communications Ltd 49 Goldhawk Road LONDON SW1 8QP By Wessex Archaeology Portway House Old Sarum Park SALISBURY Wiltshire SP4 6EB Report reference: 68737.01 December 2008 © Wessex Archaeology Limited 2008, all rights reserved Wessex Archaeology Limited is a Registered Charity No. 287786 Risehill Tunnel Navvy Camp, Cumbria Archaeological Evaluation and Assessment of Results Contents Summary Acknowledgements 1 BACKGROUND...................................................................................................1 1.1 Introduction...............................................................................................1 1.2 Site Location, Topography and Geology................................................1 1.3 Archaeological Background....................................................................1 Prehistoric to medieval ...............................................................................1 Post-medieval.............................................................................................2 1.4 Previous Archaeological Work................................................................3 2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................3 3 METHODS...........................................................................................................3 3.1 Geophysical Survey .................................................................................3 3.2 LIDAR survey ............................................................................................3 3.3 Evaluation Trenches ................................................................................3 4 RESULTS ............................................................................................................4 4.1 Introduction...............................................................................................4 4.2 Geophysical Survey .................................................................................4 4.3 Evaluation Trenches ................................................................................5 Introduction (Figures 1 & 3).......................................................................5 Trench 1 (Figure 4) ....................................................................................5 Trench 2 (Figure 5) ....................................................................................6 Trench 3 (Figure 6) ....................................................................................7 Trench 4 (Figure 7) ....................................................................................7 Trench 6 (Figure 9) ....................................................................................8 Trench 7 (Figure 9) ....................................................................................9 Trench 8 (Figure 10) ..................................................................................9 5 FINDS ................................................................................................................10 5.1 Introduction.............................................................................................10 5.2 Structural Material ..................................................................................10 5.3 Domestic Equipment..............................................................................10 5.4 Personal Items ........................................................................................11 5.5 Miscellaneous Finds ..............................................................................11 5.6 Conclusions ............................................................................................11 6 PALAEO-ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE ........................................................12 7 DISCUSSION.....................................................................................................12 7.1 Introduction.............................................................................................12 7.2 Working Conditions ...............................................................................13 7.3 The Buildings..........................................................................................14 7.4 The Workforce ........................................................................................16 7.5 Living conditions....................................................................................16 8 RECOMMENDATIONS .....................................................................................18 9 ARCHIVE...........................................................................................................19 10 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................20 Appendix 1: Trench Summaries i Figures Figure 1: Site and trench location plan Figure 2: Plate 1: Airshaft 1 Plate 2: View from Airshaft 1 to Airshaft 2 (from the south) Plate 3: View along spoil heaps, Airshaft 2 (from the north) Plate 4: View of spoil heaps from Trenches 6 and 7 (from the south- west) Plate 5: View into Airshaft 2 Figure 3: Geophysical survey results Figure 4: Trench 1: plan and photographs Plate 6: Pre-excavation view of Trench 1 (from the north) Plate 7: Post-excavation view of Trench 1 (from the north) Figure 5: Trench 2: Plan and photographs Plate 8: Post-excavation view of Trench 2 (from the west) Figure 6: Trench 3: plan and photographs Plate 9: Oblique view of west-facing section (from the south-west) Plate 10: Post-excavation view of Trench 3 (from the north) Plate 11: Post-excavation view of Trench 3 (from the south) Figure 7: Trench 4: plan and photographs Plate 12: Pre-excavation view of Trench 4 (from the south-west) Plate 13: Post-excavation view of Trench 4 (from the south) Figure 8: Trench 5: plan and photographs Plate 14: Pre-excavation view, layer 503 in situ (from the north-west) Plate 15: Post-excavation view of Trench 5 (from the north) Figure 9: Trenches 6 and 7: plan and photographs Plate 16: Post-excavation view of Trench 6 (from the south) Plate 17: Post-excavation view of Trench 7 (from the north) Figure 10: Trench 8: plan and photograph Plate 18: Detail of wooden structure 802 (part of north-west – south- east aligned fragment) Figure 11: Plate 19: Decorated clay pipe from Trench 1 Plate 20: Decorated clay pipe from Trench 3 Plate 21: Plastic hair combs, glass and jet buttons from Trenches 1 and 5 Plate 22: Selection of pottery from context 503 Front Cover: View across site from Trench 1 Back Cover: General view of site; inset of decorated clay pipe bowl Tables Table 1: Finds totals by material type and by trench ii Risehill Tunnel Navvy Camp, Cumbria Archaeological Evaluation and Assessment of Results Summary In July 2008 an archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Channel 4’s ‘Time Team’ at the site of Risehill, Raygill Farm, Cumbria (NGR 376676 489354). An evaluation comprising eight trenches sought to locate and characterise the navvy settlement and activity associated with the construction of the airshafts for the Risehill Tunnel, part of the Settle to Carlisle line. The evaluation highlighted the generally good preservation of the Site, although many of the buildings appear to have been of timber with only rough stone foundations. Specialisation and division of different parts of the Site between settlement and working areas was seen. Trenches 1 and 5 were positioned to locate what appears to have been a residential hut. The bedding for a tramway that ran down the hillside to Raygill was seen in Trench 2. The excavation also uncovered a structure in Trench 3 that may have been the engine or boiler house. Trench 4 was situated on the southern edge of the square reservoir still visible as an earthwork just to the north of the trench. Excavation of this trench also revealed the presence of a leat running parallel to the edge of the reservoir, suggesting that there was probably a network of water channels to direct water to the boilers, in order to create the steam needed to power the engines. Trenches 6 and 7 appeared to relate to the workshops noted at the Site, and possibly located the site of the blacksmith’s shop. The evaluation results are of at least local significance, adding further depth to our understanding of the construction of the Settle to Carlisle railway line. A short summary of the results will be offered to the Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society for inclusion in the annual round-up of archaeology in the county. iii Risehill Tunnel Navvy Camp, Cumbria Archaeological Evaluation and Assessment of Results Acknowledgements This programme of post-excavation and assessment work was commissioned and funded by Videotext Communications Ltd, and Wessex Archaeology would like to thank the staff at Videotext, and in particular Michael Douglas (Series Editor), Jane Hammond (Production Manager), Ben Knappett (Assistant Producer), Louise Ord (Researcher) and Joanna Gatcum (Production Coordinator) for their considerable help during the recording and post-excavation work. The geophysical survey was undertaken by John Gater, Jon Tanner and Emma Wood of GSB Prospection. The field survey was undertaken by Henry Chapman, University
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Early Medieval Dykes (400 to 850 Ad)
    EARLY MEDIEVAL DYKES (400 TO 850 AD) A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2015 Erik Grigg School of Arts, Languages and Cultures Contents Table of figures ................................................................................................ 3 Abstract ........................................................................................................... 6 Declaration ...................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................... 9 1 INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY ................................................. 10 1.1 The history of dyke studies ................................................................. 13 1.2 The methodology used to analyse dykes ............................................ 26 2 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DYKES ............................................. 36 2.1 Identification and classification ........................................................... 37 2.2 Tables ................................................................................................. 39 2.3 Probable early-medieval dykes ........................................................... 42 2.4 Possible early-medieval dykes ........................................................... 48 2.5 Probable rebuilt prehistoric or Roman dykes ...................................... 51 2.6 Probable reused prehistoric
    [Show full text]
  • Making a Canal Nelson's Victory at Trafalgar May Have Given Britain
    Talk 4: Making a Canal Nelson’s victory at Trafalgar may have given Britain sea superiority, but it hardly affected Napoleon’s military position in continental Europe. Five years on and the Emperor could still marshal an army of half a million men for an invasion of Russia, but there he met with unparalleled defeat. After Borodino the largest and bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic wars, the invasion faltered and then turned into a terrible retreat. As snippets of news about the retreat from Moscow reached London Sir Thomas Bernard and Colonel John Drinkwater attended a small ceremony in Regents Park. We might imagine each man turned over a little soil before handing the spade to someone more adept in its use. Perhaps a few proprietors watched the event, wondering how long it would be before they could attend another ceremony, this time to celebrate the completion of the project in which they had invested. And also speculating as to how they might be affected by the demise of Napoleon. Anyone taking a cursory look at a map on which the line of the Regents Canal had been drawn might think construction would be as simple as digging the Grand Junction branch canal, but closer inspection of a cross sectional drawing showed it would be far more complicated. For a start three tunnels were needed. One was hardly bigger than a wide bridge, but the other two, the first at Maida Hill and the second at Islington, were substantial undertakings. Then there was the fall from Paddington to Limehouse, 86 feet in all, which would demand the construction of 12 locks.
    [Show full text]
  • An Irish Navvy: the Diary of an Exile Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    AN IRISH NAVVY: THE DIARY OF AN EXILE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Donall Macamhlaigh | 176 pages | 15 Jan 2014 | The Collins Press | 9781848891883 | English | Cork, Ireland An Irish Navvy: The Diary of an Exile PDF Book Enlarge cover. From the late s until his death in he combined the roles of full-time labourer and part-time writer, producing nine books in Irish as well as a wealth of journalism in both Irish and English. Gill Books. Sort order. Donall MacAmhlaigh kept a diary as he worked the sites, danced in Irish halls, drank in Irish pubs and lived the life of the roving Irish navvy. Readers also enjoyed. Gift wrap available. Latest Publications. Categories : births deaths 20th-century Irish people People from County Galway Irish-language writers Irish non-fiction writers Irish diarists Irish memoirists Irish Army soldiers 20th-century memoirists. View Product. Accurate chronicle of the Irish diaspora and the navvy experience. Elsewhere, for example in the. Hidden categories: CS1: Julian—Gregorian uncertainty EngvarB from March Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from August Church of Ireland Parish Registers are a genealogy goldmine. Like it or not, it was compulsory. Thanks for telling us about the problem. Irish Interest in based on one very simple idea: to bring the contents of any Irish bookshop to people everywhere, especially those outside Ireland who do not have the possibility of keeping abreast of new books published in Ireland. To ask other readers questions about An Irish Navvy , please sign up.
    [Show full text]
  • Build a Canal a Literacy Resource
    Build a Canal A Literacy Resource This downloadable self-directed resource has been developed for teachers and home-schoolers to Canals are great support the Build a Canal Learning places to write poems, Bundle and Workshop through Literacy. stories and songs! (canalrivertrust.org.uk/explorers/ learning-bundles/build-a-canal). It is aimed at Key Stage 1 & Key Stage 2 pupils. There are six stand-alone topics. Each one includes a lesson plan and an activity for pupils to use as you wish. Teachers and home-schoolers can use the certificate on canalrivertrust.org.uk/explorers/ learning-bundles/build-a-canal to give to pupils on completing the activities. © Erica Martin © Erica Martin The Oxford Canal Canal & River Trust — Explorers @CRTExplorers canalrivertrust.org.uk/explorers © Canal & River Trust is a charity registered with the Charity Commission no. 1146792 ⁄ May 2021 INTRODUCTION Main links to Literacy Key Stages 1 & 2 Contents This resource provides opportunities to: ACTIVITY 1 • articulate and communicate > TEACHERS ...................................................................................................... 1 ideas clearly for a range of audiences, > ........................................................................................................................2 styles, contexts and purposes PUPILS • improvise, devise and script ACTIVITY 2 drama, narrative and composition > TEACHERS .....................................................................................................4 • engage with wordplay, including
    [Show full text]
  • Article References January 2020 | Volume 71 No 987
    Article References January 2020 | Volume 71 No 987 Page 4 - Peterborough Narrow Gauge – Looking Back, 50 Years on Bibliography Colquhoun, D, Stewien, R & Thomas, NSW Rail Transport Museum, Sydney A, Proceed to Peterborough, ARHS (SA 1970. NSW Digest, various issues 1969–1970. Division), Adelaide, 1970. Attenborough, P, Diesel Profiles ALCO Fearnside, GH, All stations west: the story of Evans, J, Proceed to Wilmington, Railmac DL541: The New South Wales 45 and the Sydney–Perth standard gauge railway, Publications, Elizabeth SA, 2010. South Australian 600 Classes, Eveleigh Haldane, Sydney, 1970. Western Endeavour: a guide to the Press, Matraville, 1998. transcontinental standard gauge railway, Personal records and recollections. Page 9 - Living Conditions of Railway Workers and their Families at the Mullet Creek Railway Construction Camp, 1883-1889 Bibliography Project: prehistoric archaeological the Study of Labour History, 2007, pp. studies’, unpublished report prepared 25–43. Primary Sources for the State Rail Authority of NSW, Rowe, Denis, ‘The robust navvy: the NSW Teachers’ Rolls 1869-1908, NSW State 1985. railway construction worker in Archives and Records, 1994/202. Garner, Bill, Born in a Tent: how camping northern New South Wales, 1854-1894’, Galbally, Ann and Gray, Anne (eds), makes us Australian, Sydney, UNSW Labour History, no. 39, 1980, pp. 28–46. Letters from Smike: the letters of Arthur Press, 2013. Singleton, C. C., ‘The short north: Streeton, 1890-1943, Melbourne, Oxford Gunn, John, Along parallel lines: a history the Sydney-Newcastle link railway University Press, 1989. of the railways of New South Wales, – Hawkesbury River–Gosford’, The Tabuteau, Philippe (ed.) Agnes Fagan’d Melbourne University Press, 1989.
    [Show full text]
  • Canals: Building and Carrying – Page 1 Why Were Canals Built? Chapter 1
    Canals: Building and Carrying Topic Pack www.canalriverexplorers.org.uk Working in partnership with: Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 4 Appendices Why were canals built? 2 Bridges 22 Appendix A – Toll records 43 Who designed and paid for the canals? 3 Tunnels 25 Appendix B – Plan of motor boat 44 Where were canals built? 4 Aqueducts 27 Appendix C – Plan of butty 45 Canals that weren’t built 6 Locks 28 Appendix D – Standedge Tunnel 46 Lock alternatives 29 Chapter 2 Dry docks 31 Types of waterway 7 Wharves and warehouses 32 How were canals built? 8 Waterway furniture 33 Navvies 9 Associated buildings 34 Other workers involved in the construction 10 Chapter 5 Chief engineers and other A–Z of cargoes 35 significant people 11 Memories of carrying 36 Tools 14 Loading boats 37 Why was water such a big problem? 15 Tolls 38 This pack provides Chapter 3 Chapter 6 a good starting point to Building boats 16 Changing Waterways 39 find out about the people Types of boats 17 Maintenance 40 who lived and worked Who owned the boats? 20 Day-to-day work 41 on the canals! The parts of a boat 21 Fascinating Facts 2009 42 Always remember to stay SAFE near water – Stay Away From the Edge. Introduction This is the second in our series of topic packs about the waterways. I thoroughly enjoyed writing the first pack ‘Life on the English Waterways’ and this has given me a fantastic opportunity to research the structural side of waterways. The pack explores the design, production and technology used in waterways in England, Scotland and Wales over the years.
    [Show full text]
  • A Bibliography of the History of Inland Waterways, Railways and Road
    A BibliographyBibliography ofof the the HistoryHistory of Inland Inland Waterways, Railways andand RoadRoad TransportTransport in the British Isles,Isles, 1996 If thethe searchessearches undertakenundertaken for this year's bibliography appearappear to to havehave beenbeen less compre-compre­ hensive than usual, it is becausebecause prioritypriority has been given toto thethe preparation preparation for publicationpublication of the Second Supplement toto OUley'sOttley's Bibliography of British Railway History, which is scheduled to appearappear in the Spring. Any deficiencies will be mademade up next year.year. Ott.)oacxOtt.xxxx refers toto an entry in Ottley's Bibliography of British railway history. t indicatesindicates that a copycopy ofof the the book book has has not not been been seen seen and and the the bibliographical bibliographical detailsdetails areare thereforetherefore rl uncertain. Any correspondence concerning the bibliography should be addressed toto Grahame Boyes,Boyes, 7 OnslowOnslow Road,Road, Richmond,Richmond, SurreySurrey TWIO 6QH, who againagain acknowledgesacknowledges thethe invaluableinvaluable support received fromfrom contributors.contributors. SECTION GG GENERALGENERAL GB TRANSPORTTRANSPORT AT AT PARTICULAR PARTICULAR PERIODSPERIODS GB2 c.1500&:.1500 -- 19001900 1 MOORE-COLYER,MOO RE-COL YER, RICHARD.RICHARD. Aspects of horse breeding and the supply of horses in Victorian Britain. Agricultural Hi8toryHistory Review vol. 43 (1995)(199S) pp.pp. 47-60. GB3 TwentiethTwentieth centuryce.tury 2 O'DONNELL, E. E. FatherFather Browne's England.England. Dublin: Wolfhound,Wolfhound, 1996. pp. 127. Album of photographs ofof everyday life, 1912.53,1912·S3, taken taken by by Frank Frank Browne,Browne, Si.S.J. pp. 93.100,93-100, On On thethe road;road; 101-8, On the rails; 109-16, OnOn the water [chiefly Norfolk Broads].Broads).
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of the Manchester Ship Canal
    The national society for THE the study and protection of Victorian and Edwardian VICTORIAN architecture and allied arts SOCIETY LIVERPOOL GROUP NEWSLETTER December 2010 St Andrew, West Kirby, is an exceptional late work by John Douglas which (though begun in 1889) was only completed in its present form in 1909, two years before the architect’s death (see our 19 March talk). A memorial service was held here in October for former Newsletter editor, John Hawke- Genn (see p.9). PROGRAMME (The charge for each lecture event is held at £3.) Saturday 22 January 2011 - 2.15pm ULLET ROAD UNITARIAN CHURCH The ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING will be held beneath Gerald Moira's fine painted decoration on the vaulted ceiling of the Unitarian Church's library. An informal talk by Edmund Harris, the Society's recently appointed Churches Conservation Adviser, will follow. Edmund will reflect on his work for the Moscow Architecture Preservation Society as well as on current church cases. Saturday 19 February - 2.15pm QUAKER MEETING HOUSE, School Lane BUILDING THE BIG DITCH Glen Atkinson will present his unique Victorian 'magic lantern' slides of the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal, warts and all. Carol Hardie sets the scene in her account below. The ‘Industrial Archaeology’ theme will be continued later in the year with proposed talks on the Liverpool Overhead Railway and the Isle of Man’s Laxey Wheel. Saturday 5 March 2011 - 2.15pm QUAKER MEETING HOUSE, School Lane DOUBLE BILL "Frank Dickinson and Me" Andrew Richardson takes us on a tour of the remarkable Little Holland House, an Arts & Crafts gem in Carshalton Beeches near Croydon.
    [Show full text]
  • The Colony of Western Australia and the Great Southern Railway 1880-1897
    The University of Notre Dame Australia ResearchOnline@ND Theses 2021 The Great Southern buy-back: The colony of Western Australia and the Great Southern railway 1880-1897 Thomas Goode The University of Notre Dame Australia Follow this and additional works at: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/theses Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969 WARNING The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further copying or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this notice. Publication Details Goode, T. (2021). The Great Southern buy-back: The colony of Western Australia and the Great Southern railway 1880-1897 (Doctor of Philosophy (College of Arts and Science)). University of Notre Dame Australia. https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/theses/294 This dissertation/thesis is brought to you by ResearchOnline@ND. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of ResearchOnline@ND. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY The Great Southern Buy-Back The Colony of Western Australia and the Great Southern Railway 1880 – 1897 A thesis submitted in the partial fulfilment of a Master of Philosophy Thomas Goode, B.App.Sc.(Mathematics), B.Ed School of Arts and Sciences, Fremantle The University of Notre Dame Australia February 2021 DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP To the best of the candidates knowledge, this thesis contains no material previously published by another person, except where due acknowledgement has been made. This thesis is the candidate’s own work and contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any institution.
    [Show full text]
  • Resistance Through Song
    This is a self-archived – parallel published version of this article in the publication archive of the University of Vaasa. It might differ from the original. Resistance Through Song Author(s): Porter, Gerald Title: Resistance Through Song Year: 2020 Version: Published version Copyright ©2020 Department of Languages and Literatures, University of Gothenburg. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0). Please cite the original version: Porter, G. (2020). Resistance Through Song. Nordic Journal of English Studies 19(5), 29-45. http://doi.org/10.35360/njes.614 Resistance Through Song Gerald Porter, Vaasa University Abstract Concentrating primarily on the so-called ‘Navvies,’ this paper interprets the songs of metal workers among casual labourers in nineteenth and twentieth century Britain as an expression of shared values and aspirations. The term ‘Navigators’ or ‘Navvies’ was first used of Irish refugees of Celtic origin, though some were of ‘English settlement’ origin, who came to Scotland and England in the 19th century to take part in manual work. This study focuses first on songs which concentrated on working conditions, and later discusses songs (which have usually been neglected) in which the workplace features more than one singer. The last part of the study examines a Scottish demonstration and march to London in the 1980s when metal workers resisted the planned closure of their rolling mill with a ‘sung’ march to London that echoes the resistance of the early Navvies and others. In an article in Imagined States (2001), written in collaboration with the present writer, Reimund Kvideland made a study of ‘rallar(e)’ (navvies) in Norway and Sweden between 1880 and 1930.
    [Show full text]
  • The Church and Navvies
    136 The Ohwrch and the .NaV'Uies. friendly more sympathetic, more consistent, more real, more zealous.' The Church and kingdom of Christ are ill under­ stood by many. It is our privilege, by making the presenta­ tion of them intelligible and attractive, to remove hindrances from many an honest and manly soul. WILLIAM SINCLAIR. ---~--- ART. IV.-THE CHURCH AND THE NAVVIES. Navvies and their Needs. By the Rev. L. M. EVANs, B.A., late Rector of Leathley. With Appendix. (Reprinted from the Quiver, 1877.) Pp. 32. Printed by Andrew Churchman, 16, King Street, Hammer­ smith. Little Rainbow. A Tale. By Mrs. CHARLES GARNETT. Isbister, 1877. My Friends the Nav'ries. By the same. (Reprinted from the Sunday Magazine.) Pp. 28. Leeds: J. W. Petty and Som~, 1882. The Bishop of Manchester on the Claims and Needs of Navvies, and the Work of the Navvy l'!fission Society. A Speech, December 11, 1890. Pp.4. In a Hut. Dlustrated. Pp. 4. Navvy Mission Society: Office of the Society, Church Honse, Westminster, S.W. The Story of our Mission. By Mrs. CHARLES GARNETT. Pp. 22. Rams­ bottom: J. T. Grime, 1897. Nineteenth Annual Report of the Navvy Missiou Society, April, 1896, to April, 1897. Office of the Society. A Quarterly Letter to Men ou Public Works. Edited by Mrs. C. GARNETT. Navvy Mission Society. NTIL comparatively lately little was known of the navvies. U It would seem that Christian philanthropy was unaware that there existed in our midst a great body of men, shut off from all other classes in almost every conceivable way, and with needs, physical, social, and spiritual, that cried aloud for relief.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorials of Old Hampshire
    ;LT> = 00 [ E h bo iCO CD i [ ! OO Memorials of Old Hampshire J131>^ MEMORIALS OF OLD HAMPSHIRE EDITED BY G. E. JEANS, MA, F.SA Vicar of Shorwell and Rector of Mottiston, Isle of Wight Fellow of Hertford College, Oxford Author and Editor of " Murray's Handbooks for Lincolnshire, Hampshire " and the Isle of Wight With many Illustrations X " 7 LONDON Bemrose and Sons Limited, 4 Snow Hill, E.C. AND DERBY 1906 [All Rights Reserved} TO THE MOST NOBLE The Duke of Wellington, k.g. THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED BY HIS GRACE'S KIND PERMISSION PREFACE may claim in a certain sense to be HAMPSHIREthe premier county of England, since though not quite so ancient a kingdom as Kent or Sussex, it " is, as Grant Allen calls it, the real original nucleus of the British Empire." It is also one of the most interesting of the counties, from the importance in early English history of its charming capital, the architectural value of its Cathedral and three of its other churches, its beautiful combinations of woodland and sea, its possession of more genuine forest than all the rest of England put together, and its chief place in the naval position of England, owing to the two great harbours afforded by its fortunate coast-line. To an editor of Memorials of Old Hampshire the first difficulty, therefore, is clearly of selection. It would not be difficult to imagine another volume of the present size made up only of those subjects that—for one reason or another—I have been obliged to pass over.
    [Show full text]