DOCSLIB.ORG

Vector-Borne Disease Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vector-Borne Disease Report Vector-Borne Disease Report West Nile Virus, Lyme Disease and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Surveillance and Control Activities for 2012 December 2012 Vector-Borne Disease Report West Nile Virus, Lyme Disease and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Surveillance and Control Activities for 2012 December 2012 For information, please contact: Wally Adams, Director Environmental Health & Chronic Disease Prevention Services Middlesex-London Health Unit 50 King St. London, Ontario N6A 5L7 Phone: 519-663-5317, ext. 2316 Fax: 519-663-9276 e-mail: [email protected] © Copyright 2012 Middlesex-London Health Unit 50 King St. London, Ontario N6A 5L7 Cite reference as: Middlesex-London Health Unit (2012). Vector-Borne Disease Report: West Nile Virus, Lyme Disease and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Surveillance and Control Activities for 2012. London, Ontario: Middlesex-London Health Unit. All rights reserved. Acknowledgements This Vector-Borne Disease report would not have been possible without the efforts and dedication of the Middlesex- London Health Unit (MLHU) 2012 Vector-Borne Disease (VBD) Team. Wally Adams, Jeremy Hogeveen, Elizabeth Milne, Hugo Ortiz-Saavedra, Iqbal Kalsi and Amy Pavletic edited this report, with contributions from Sarah Maaten and Melissa McCann. The VBD Team would like to thank the VBD Stakeholders group, the City of London, including John Parsons and Jay Stanford and the municipalities of Middlesex County. Special thanks to Billy Haklander for his Storm Water Management expertise and Tony Van Rossum and his summer staff for assisting with larval surveillance at the City of London’s Pollution Control Plants. Additional thanks to Pud Hunter from the Ministry of Natural Resources. Thank-you to Dr. Graham Pollett, Dr. Bryna Warshawsky, Wally Adams, Cathie Walker, Tristan Squire-Smith, John Millson and Melody Couvillon for their support and to Dan Flaherty, Trudy Sweetzir and Alex Tyml in Communications for their assistance throughout the 2012 season. Thanks to the Public Health Inspectors of the Middlesex-London Health Unit for their continued support and assistance. Thanks to Bernie Lueske for his assistance with data and spatial analysis, and thanks to staff from Information Technology. Special thanks to Karen Pelkman, Lynn Vander Vloet, Sharon Stein and Janice Zielinski, the administrative staff that assisted the VBD Team throughout the course of the season. The MLHU would also like to thank Sporometrics and staff from The Canadian Centre for Mosquito Management for their efforts to ensure the continued success of the program. Lastly, the MLHU would like to recognize the assistance of Dr. Curtis Russell and Nina Jain-Sheehan from Public Health Ontario. The work of the VBD Team would not have been possible without the financial support of our funding partners, the City of London, Middlesex County, and the Province of Ontario, as well as the continued support of the Middlesex- London Board of Health. Table of Contents Acknowledgements Executive Summary............................ ................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1 West Nile Virus ...................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Mosquito Life Cycle ........................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Transmission of West Nile Virus ........................................................................................ 3 1.4 Signs and Symptoms ......................................................................................................... 4 1.5 West Nile Virus Related Activities in Middlesex-London ..................................................... 4 1.6 Vector-Borne Disease Program .......................................................................................... 4 Chapter 2 Lyme Disease ......................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Lyme Disease in Humans .................................................................................................. 6 2.3 Incidence of Lyme Disease ................................................................................................. 7 2.4 Lyme Disease in Middlesex-London ................................................................................... 7 2.5 Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................................. 8 Chapter 3 Eastern Equine Encephalitis................................................................................................. 9 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 9 3.2 Eastern Equine Encephalitis in Humans ........................................................................... 9 3.3 Incidence of Eastern Equine Encephalitis .......................................................................... 10 3.4 Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................................. 10 Chapter 4 Dead Bird Surveillance .......................................................................................................... 11 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 11 4.2 Results.............................................................................................................................. 11 4.3 Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 11 4.4 Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................................. 12 Chapter 5 Larval Mosquito Surveillance ................................................................................................ 13 5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 13 5.2 Larval Identification Results .............................................................................................. 13 5.3 Vector and Non-Vector Breakdown .................................................................................... 13 5.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 13 5.5 Storm Water Management Facilities .................................................................................. 15 5.6 Environmentally Sensitive Areas ....................................................................................... 16 5.7 Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................................. 17 Chapter 6 Adult Mosquito Surveillance ................................................................................................. 18 6.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 18 6.2 Adult Mosquito Surveillance Activities in Middlesex-London .............................................. 18 6.3 Terrestrial Trap Surveillance ............................................................................................. 19 6.4 Canopy Trap Surveillance.................................................................................................. 20 6.5 Terrestrial Traps versus Canopy Traps .............................................................................. 20 6.6 Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 21 6.7 Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................................. 22 Chapter 7 Human Surveillance of Vector-Borne Diseases .................................................................... 24 7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 24 7.2 Objective of Human Surveillance ....................................................................................... 24 7.3 Human Surveillance of West Nile Virus ............................................................................. 24 7.4 Human Surveillance of Lyme Disease ................................................................................ 26 7.5 Human Surveillance of Eastern Equine Encephalitis ......................................................... 27 7.6 Human Surveillance Conclusion........................................................................................ 27 Chapter 8 Mosquito Control .................................................................................................................. 28 8.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 28 8.2 Products and Application .................................................................................................. 28 8.3 Standing Water Treatments ..............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • VES NEWS the Newsletter of the Vermont Entomological Society
    VES NEWS The Newsletter of the Vermont Entomological Society Number 104 Summer2019 www.VermontInsects.org VES NEWS Number 104 Summer — 2019 The Newsletter of the CONTENTS Vermont Entomological Society VES Calendar Page 3 VES Officers Michael Sabourin President Warren Kiel Vice President Muddy Brook Wetland Reserve by Don Miller Deb Kiel Treasurer Page 3 Laurie DiCesare Compiler / Editor Bryan Pfeiffer Webmaster Lily Pond by Michael Sabourin Page 4 Emeritus Members Joyce Bell Ross Bell Birds of VT Museum by Laurie DiCesare Page 4 John Grehan Gordon Nielsen Michael Sabourin Mark Waskow BugFest at North Branch Nature Center James Hedbor by Sean Beckett Page 5 Scott Griggs Rachel Griggs Gordon Nielsen’s Lepidoptera by JoAnne Russo The Vermont Entomological Society (VES) is Page 6 devoted to the study, conservation, and appreciation of invertebrates. Founded in 1993, VES sponsors selected research, workshops and field trips for the public, including children. Our quarterly newsletter features developments Newsletter Schedule in entomology, accounts of insect events and field trips, as well as general contributions from members or other entomologists. Spring: Deadline April 7 - Publication May 1 Summer: Deadline July 7 - Publication August 1 VES is open to anyone interested in Fall: Deadline October 7 - Publication November 1 arthropods. Our members range from casual insect watchers to amateur and professional Winter: Deadline January 7 - Publication February 1 entomologists. We welcome members of all ages, abilities and interests. Membership You can join VES by sending dues of $15 per Check Your Mailing Label year to: The upper right corner of your mailing label will inform you of the Deb Kiel month and year your VES membership expires.
    [Show full text]
  • P2699 Identification Guide to Adult Mosquitoes in Mississippi
    Identification Guide to Adult Mosquitoes in Mississippi es Identification Guide to Adult Mosquitoes in Mississippi By Wendy C. Varnado, Jerome Goddard, and Bruce Harrison Cover photo by Dr. Blake Layton, Mississippi State University Extension Service. Preface Entomology, and Plant Pathology at Mississippi State University, provided helpful comments and Mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit are in- other supportIdentification for publication and ofGeographical this book. Most Distri- creasing in frequency and geographic distribution. butionfigures of used the inMosquitoes this book of are North from America, Darsie, R. North F. and As many as 1,000 people were exposed recently ofWard, Mexico R. A., to dengue fever during an outbreak in the Florida Mos- Keys. “New” mosquito-borne diseases such as quitoes of, NorthUniversity America Press of Florida, Gainesville, West Nile and Chikungunya have increased pub- FL, 2005, and Carpenter, S. and LaCasse, W., lic awareness about disease potential from these , University of California notorious pests. Press, Berkeley, CA, 1955. None of these figures are This book was written to provide citizens, protected under current copyrights. public health workers, school teachers, and other Introduction interested parties with a hands-on, user-friendly guide to Mississippi mosquitoes. The book’s util- and Background ity may vary with each user group, and that’s OK; some will want or need more detail than others. Nonetheless, the information provided will allow There has never been a systematic, statewide you to identify mosquitoes found in Mississippi study of mosquitoes in Mississippi. Various au- with a fair degree of accuracy. For more informa- thors have reported mosquito collection records tion about mosquito species occurring in the state as a result of surveys of military installations in and diseases they may transmit, contact the ento- the state and/or public health malaria inspec- mology staff at the Mississippi State Department of tions.
    [Show full text]
  • T3-B1-Mosquitoecology.Pdf
    Suffolk County Vector Control and Wetlands Management Long-Term Plan Literature Review Task Three – Book 1 -- Long Island Mosquitoes October 2004 SUFFOLK COUNTY LONG TERM PLAN The Consultant Team Cashin, Associates, P.C. Hauppauge, NY Subconsultants Cameron Engineering, L.L.P. Syosset, NY Integral Consulting Annapolis, MD Bowne Management Systems, Inc. Mineola, NY Kamazima Lwiza, PhD University at Stony Brook, NY Ducks Unlimited Stony Brook, NY Steven Goodbred, PhD & Laboratory University at Stony Brook, NY RTP Environmental Westbury, NY Sinnreich, Safar & Kosakoff Central Islip, NY Bruce Brownawell, PhD & Laboratory University at Stony Brook, NY Anne McElroy, PhD & Laboratory University at Stony Brook, NY Andrew Spielman, PhD Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA Richard Pollack, PhD Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA Wayne Crans, PhD Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ Susan Teitelbaum, PhD Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY Zawicki Vector Management Consultants Freehold, NJ Robert Turner, PhD & Laboratory Southampton College, NY Christopher Gobler, PhD & Laboratory Southampton College, NY Jerome Goddard, PhD Mississippi Department of Health, Jackson, MS Sergio Sanudo, PhD & Laboratory University of Stony Brook, NY Suffolk County Department of Health Hauppauge, NY Services, Division of Environmental Quality Project Management Richard LaValle, P.E., Chief Deputy Suffolk County Department of Public Works, Commissioner Yaphank, NY Vito Minei, P.E., Director, Division of Suffolk County Department of Health Services, Environmental Quality Hauppauge, NY Walter Dawydiak, Jr., P.E., J.D., Chief Suffolk County Department of Health Services, Engineer, Division of Environmental Hauppauge, NY Quality Dominick Ninivaggi, Superintendent, Suffolk County Department of Public Works, Division of Vector Control Yaphank, NY Cashin Associates, P.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Vossbrincketaljem04pdf.Pdf
    J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 51(1), 2004 pp. 88±95 q 2004 by the Society of Protozoologists Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Mosquito Parasitic Microsporidia (Microsporidia: Amblyosporidae)1 CHARLES R. VOSSBRINCK,a THEODORE G. ANDREADIS,a JIRI VAVRAb and JAMES J. BECNELc aThe Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, PO Box 1106, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, USA, and bDepartment of Parasitology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague; Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic, and cUSDA/ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida 32064, USA ABSTRACT. Amblyospora species and other aquatic Microsporidia were isolated from mosquitoes, black ¯ies, and copepods and the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene was sequenced. Comparative phylogenetic analysis showed a correspondence between the mosquito host genera and their Amblyospora parasite species. There is a clade of Amblyospora species that infect the Culex host group and a clade of Amblyospora that infect the Aedes/Ochlerotatus group of mosquitoes. Parathelohania species, which infect Anopheles mos- quitoes, may be the sister group to the Amblyospora in the same way that the Anopheles mosquitoes are thought to be the sister group to the Culex and Aedes mosquitoes. In addition, by sequence analysis of small subunit rDNA from spores, we identi®ed the alternate copepod host for four species of Amblyospora. Amblyospora species are speci®c for their primary (mosquito) host and each of these mosquito species serves as host for only one Amblyospora species. On the other hand, a single species of copepod can serve as an intermediate host to several Amblyospora species and some Amblyospora species may be found in more than one copepod host.
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Range Dispersal Behaviour and Spatial Distribution Modelling of Adult Mosquitoes in the Winnipeg Region
    LONG-RANGE DISPERSAL BEHAVIOUR AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION MODELLING OF ADULT MOSQUITOES IN THE WINNIPEG REGION BY MARTINE ELYSE BALCAEN The University of Winnipeg Department of Biological Sciences Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Science in Bioscience, Technology and Public Policy December 2020 Copyright © 2020 Martine Elyse Balcaen i ABSTRACT Mosquitoes are present in virtually every nation worldwide, acting as both a vector for many serious pathogens, and as a nuisance because of their blood-feeding behaviours. As a principle of Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM), pre-emptive rather than reactive mosquito control measures are recommended and have been shown to be effective in suppressing mosquito populations. However, pre-emptive actions require insight into the spatial dynamics of mosquitoes to be effective, as mosquito dispersal behaviour is broadly influenced by local environmental conditions and species physiology. This research project was designed to investigate the dispersal behaviour and landscape ecology of adult mosquitoes in the Winnipeg region in central Canada. In Manitoba, mosquitoes primarily present an annoyance rather than a public health risk, though a risk of exposure to several mosquito-borne diseases persists in southern Manitoba. As part of the Winnipeg’s long-standing IMM program, the city maintains a mosquito control buffer zone extending approximately 10 km beyond the city limits. Within this zone, a surveillance program is implemented for adult and larval mosquitoes and larviciding operations occur when necessary. However, there is a lack of local evidence to justify the size of this zone, and literature addressing the establishment of effective buffer zones for mosquito control is nearly non-existent.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny and Evolutionary
    MORPHOLOGY,SYSTEMATICS,EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogeny and Evolutionary Relationships Among Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Northeastern United States Based on Small Subunit Ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) Sequences 1 JOHN J. SHEPARD, THEODORE G. ANDREADIS, AND CHARLES R. VOSSBRINCK Department of Soil and Water, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, P.O. Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504 J. Med. Entomol. 43(3): 443Ð454 (2006) ABSTRACT The phylogenetic relationships of Culicidae native to the northeastern United States were investigated by analyzing small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) sequences obtained from 39 species representing nine genera. Molecular phylogenies were consistent with traditional classi- Þcations based on morphological characters except for the placements of Psorophora Robineau- Desvoidy and Uranotaenia Lynch Arribalzaga. In our analyses, 1) Anopheles Meigen was strongly supported as the sister taxon to the remaining Culicidae; 2) Toxorhynchites Theobald was represented as a distinct monophyletic sister group to the Culicinae; 3) Psorophora formed a basal clade to Culiseta Felt, Coquillettidia Dyar, and Culex L. but also was shown as a sister taxon to Aedes Meigen and Ochlerotatus Lynch Arribalzaga; 4) Coquillettidia perturbans (Walker) seems to be a sister group to Culiseta; 5) placement of Uranotaenia was inconclusive and seemed to be either a sister group to the Aedes and Ochlerotatus or a basal taxon to all other culicines; and 6) Aedes and Ochlerotatus formed two separate and distinct clades, providing phylogenetic data consistent with the recent elevation of Ochlerotatus to the generic level as proposed by Reinert (2000). The utility of 18S rDNA for evaluating phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships among mosquito taxa was demonstrated at the genus and species levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Vector Competence of Ochlerotatus Trivittatus
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2003 Vector competence of Ochlerotatus trivittatus (Coquillett), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), and Culex pipiens (L) (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile virus Sonthaya Tiawsirisup Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Entomology Commons, Medical Pathology Commons, Microbiology Commons, Pathology Commons, and the Veterinary Pathology and Pathobiology Commons Recommended Citation Tiawsirisup, Sonthaya, "Vector competence of Ochlerotatus trivittatus (Coquillett), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), and Culex pipiens (L) (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile virus " (2003). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 746. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/746 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Vector competence of Ochlerotatus trivittatus (Coquillett), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), and Culexpipiens (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile virus by Sonthaya Tiawsirisup A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Co-majors: Entomology; Veterinary Microbiology Program of Study Committee: Wayne A. Rowley, Co-major Professor Kenneth B. Piatt, Co-major Professor James A. Roth Jeffrey K. Beetham Richard B. Evans Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2003 Copyright © Sonthaya Tiawsirisup, 2003. All rights reserved. UMI Number: 3118260 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mosquitoes of the Ohio River Basin: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, and West Virginia
    The Mosquitoes of the Ohio River Basin: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, and West Virginia Catherine L. E. Craker and Frank H. Collins Acknowledgments Many thanks are due to the following individuals: Dr. Frank Collins, my research advisor and sponsor of this project Dr. Ronald Hellenthal, who first suggested to me that “the checklist of mosquito species found in Indiana could use an update,” thus jumpstarting the project that became this book Dr. George Craig and Dr. Paul Grimstad, whose many patient years of mosquito collection and preservation provided many of the species found here The tireless vector control agents of the various public health agencies throughout the state of Indiana, who provided specimens, expertise, and moral support; particularly Rob Sheffer, Jim Erwin, and Mike Sinsko And my many marvelous mosquito minions, particularly Jesse, Angela, and Ben, whose diligent sorting helped to make this project possible ii Table of Contents List of Color Plates .............................................................................................................. vi Introduction: How to Use This Book .................................................................................... 1 How to Use the Key .............................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1. Mosquito Biology .................................................................................................... 3 Classification........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Repellents Handbook, Second Edition
    Strickman Life Science Debboun SECOND EDITION • Frances Insect Repellents Handbook Insect Repellents Handbook The public has a great desire for products that prevent the annoyance of biting insects and ticks, but that desire does not always translate into sensible use of those products. Insect Repellents Handbook, Second Edition summarizes evidence-based information on insect repellents to inform decisions by those involved with insect repellent research, develop- ment, and use. This authoritative, single-volume reference makes it possi- ble for the individual to gain a working level of expertise about insect repellents in a timely manner, without having to search through the literature. The book includes a thought-provoking discussion on how repellents work, their neuromolecular basis of action, and whether green chemistry can provide effective repellents. It also supplies an in-depth understanding of the development of repellents including testing methods, review of active ingredients, and the use of chemical mixtures as repellents. It provides various science-backed chapters on repellent use including best practices for use of personal protection products, criteria for repellent use, and insect repellents for other potential use. The previous edition was the rst comprehensive volume on this subject, and it is recognized as a key reference on insect repellents. This second edition reects the current state of insect repellent science, covers the processes involved in the development and testing of new active ingredi- ents and formulations, and discusses the practical uses of repellents. It is a resource that will be useful to a wide variety of professionals, including insect repellent researchers, medical entomologists, public health profes- sionals, medical personnel, industry and sales professionals, government regulators, and wildlife scientists and managers.
    [Show full text]