Vector-Borne Disease Report West Nile Virus, Lyme Disease and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Surveillance and Control Activities for 2012 December 2012 Vector-Borne Disease Report West Nile Virus, Lyme Disease and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Surveillance and Control Activities for 2012 December 2012 For information, please contact: Wally Adams, Director Environmental Health & Chronic Disease Prevention Services Middlesex-London Health Unit 50 King St. London, Ontario N6A 5L7 Phone: 519-663-5317, ext. 2316 Fax: 519-663-9276 e-mail: [email protected] © Copyright 2012 Middlesex-London Health Unit 50 King St. London, Ontario N6A 5L7 Cite reference as: Middlesex-London Health Unit (2012). Vector-Borne Disease Report: West Nile Virus, Lyme Disease and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Surveillance and Control Activities for 2012. London, Ontario: Middlesex-London Health Unit. All rights reserved. Acknowledgements This Vector-Borne Disease report would not have been possible without the efforts and dedication of the Middlesex- London Health Unit (MLHU) 2012 Vector-Borne Disease (VBD) Team. Wally Adams, Jeremy Hogeveen, Elizabeth Milne, Hugo Ortiz-Saavedra, Iqbal Kalsi and Amy Pavletic edited this report, with contributions from Sarah Maaten and Melissa McCann. The VBD Team would like to thank the VBD Stakeholders group, the City of London, including John Parsons and Jay Stanford and the municipalities of Middlesex County. Special thanks to Billy Haklander for his Storm Water Management expertise and Tony Van Rossum and his summer staff for assisting with larval surveillance at the City of London’s Pollution Control Plants. Additional thanks to Pud Hunter from the Ministry of Natural Resources. Thank-you to Dr. Graham Pollett, Dr. Bryna Warshawsky, Wally Adams, Cathie Walker, Tristan Squire-Smith, John Millson and Melody Couvillon for their support and to Dan Flaherty, Trudy Sweetzir and Alex Tyml in Communications for their assistance throughout the 2012 season. Thanks to the Public Health Inspectors of the Middlesex-London Health Unit for their continued support and assistance. Thanks to Bernie Lueske for his assistance with data and spatial analysis, and thanks to staff from Information Technology. Special thanks to Karen Pelkman, Lynn Vander Vloet, Sharon Stein and Janice Zielinski, the administrative staff that assisted the VBD Team throughout the course of the season. The MLHU would also like to thank Sporometrics and staff from The Canadian Centre for Mosquito Management for their efforts to ensure the continued success of the program. Lastly, the MLHU would like to recognize the assistance of Dr. Curtis Russell and Nina Jain-Sheehan from Public Health Ontario. The work of the VBD Team would not have been possible without the financial support of our funding partners, the City of London, Middlesex County, and the Province of Ontario, as well as the continued support of the Middlesex- London Board of Health. Table of Contents Acknowledgements Executive Summary............................ ................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1 West Nile Virus ...................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Mosquito Life Cycle ........................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Transmission of West Nile Virus ........................................................................................ 3 1.4 Signs and Symptoms ......................................................................................................... 4 1.5 West Nile Virus Related Activities in Middlesex-London ..................................................... 4 1.6 Vector-Borne Disease Program .......................................................................................... 4 Chapter 2 Lyme Disease ......................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Lyme Disease in Humans .................................................................................................. 6 2.3 Incidence of Lyme Disease ................................................................................................. 7 2.4 Lyme Disease in Middlesex-London ................................................................................... 7 2.5 Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................................. 8 Chapter 3 Eastern Equine Encephalitis................................................................................................. 9 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 9 3.2 Eastern Equine Encephalitis in Humans ........................................................................... 9 3.3 Incidence of Eastern Equine Encephalitis .......................................................................... 10 3.4 Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................................. 10 Chapter 4 Dead Bird Surveillance .......................................................................................................... 11 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 11 4.2 Results.............................................................................................................................. 11 4.3 Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 11 4.4 Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................................. 12 Chapter 5 Larval Mosquito Surveillance ................................................................................................ 13 5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 13 5.2 Larval Identification Results .............................................................................................. 13 5.3 Vector and Non-Vector Breakdown .................................................................................... 13 5.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 13 5.5 Storm Water Management Facilities .................................................................................. 15 5.6 Environmentally Sensitive Areas ....................................................................................... 16 5.7 Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................................. 17 Chapter 6 Adult Mosquito Surveillance ................................................................................................. 18 6.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 18 6.2 Adult Mosquito Surveillance Activities in Middlesex-London .............................................. 18 6.3 Terrestrial Trap Surveillance ............................................................................................. 19 6.4 Canopy Trap Surveillance.................................................................................................. 20 6.5 Terrestrial Traps versus Canopy Traps .............................................................................. 20 6.6 Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 21 6.7 Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................................. 22 Chapter 7 Human Surveillance of Vector-Borne Diseases .................................................................... 24 7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 24 7.2 Objective of Human Surveillance ....................................................................................... 24 7.3 Human Surveillance of West Nile Virus ............................................................................. 24 7.4 Human Surveillance of Lyme Disease ................................................................................ 26 7.5 Human Surveillance of Eastern Equine Encephalitis ......................................................... 27 7.6 Human Surveillance Conclusion........................................................................................ 27 Chapter 8 Mosquito Control .................................................................................................................. 28 8.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 28 8.2 Products and Application .................................................................................................. 28 8.3 Standing Water Treatments 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