Phencyclidine Analogues (“PCP-Like”)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Phencyclidine analogues (“PCP-like”) They represent a group of molecules with the basic skeleton of phencyclidine (PCP), Description a molecule synthesized in the '50s and used as anesthetic drug for a few years, but that has been withdrawn from the market for side effects such as dysphoria, confusion, delirium and psychosis. Among the PCP analogs are molecules like eticyclidine (PCE), rolicyclidine (PHP, PCPY), tenocyclidine (TCP), and recently, the in the illicit market of drugs are circulating some structural analogues of the PCP, such as 3-methoxyeticyclidine (3- MeO-PCE), 4-methoxyphencyclidine (4-MeO-PCP). 3-MeO-PCE and 4-MeO-PCP are often sold as "reagents for research", in the form of powders. PCP and structural analogues have dissociative properties, alleged hallucinogenic effects and sedatives. Chemical structures of phencyclidine and some structure analogues. PCP 3-MeO-PCP 3-MeO-PCE Since 2009, in Italy, the National Early Warning System has recorded two cases of Intoxication acute polydrug intoxication, including the consumption of PCP. cases registered in Italy In Italy, PCP, PCE, PHP and TCP are illegal (Schedule I Section A of the Law on the Legal status regulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of drug addiction, Presidential Decree 309/90 as amended). These molecules are not easily detectable to the normal screening test but are subsequently detected through blood tests and urine tests conducted in the laboratory. If positive driving a car, motorcycle or scooter, the law enforcement may withdraw the license, impound the vehicle, impose fines, make report to the Prefecture, pick up the passport. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Control Substance List
Drugs DrugID SubstanceName DEANumbScheNarco OtherNames 1 1-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)pyrrolidine 7458 I N PCPy, PHP, rolicyclidine 2 1-(2-Phenylethyl)-4-phenyl-4-acetoxypiperidine 9663 I Y PEPAP, synthetic heroin 3 1-[1-(2-Thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine 7470 I N TCP, tenocyclidine 4 1-[1-(2-Thienyl)cyclohexyl]pyrrolidine 7473 I N TCPy 5 13Beta-ethyl-17beta-hydroxygon-4-en-3-one 4000 III N 6 17Alpha-methyl-3alpha,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androstane 4000 III N 7 17Alpha-methyl-3beta,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androstane 4000 III N 8 17Alpha-methyl-3beta,17beta-dihydroxyandrost-4-ene 4000 III N 9 17Alpha-methyl-4-hydroxynandrolone (17alpha-methyl-4-hyd 4000 III N 10 17Alpha-methyl-delta1-dihydrotestosterone (17beta-hydroxy- 4000 III N 17-Alpha-methyl-1-testosterone 11 19-Nor-4-androstenediol (3beta,17beta-dihydroxyestr-4-ene; 4000 III N 12 19-Nor-4-androstenedione (estr-4-en-3,17-dione) 4000 III N 13 19-Nor-5-androstenediol (3beta,17beta-dihydroxyestr-5-ene; 4000 III N 14 19-Nor-5-androstenedione (estr-5-en-3,17-dione) 4000 III N 15 1-Androstenediol (3beta,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-1- 4000 III N 16 1-Androstenedione (5alpha-androst-1-en-3,17-dione) 4000 III N 17 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine 9661 I Y MPPP, synthetic heroin 18 1-Phenylcyclohexylamine 7460 II N PCP precursor 19 1-Piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile 8603 II N PCC, PCP precursor 20 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthiophenethylamine 7348 I N 2C-T-7 21 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine 7399 I N DOET 22 2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine 7396 I N DMA, 2,5-DMA 23 3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine
[Show full text]
Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs Chair: Professor Les Iversen Secretary: Rachel Fowler 3Rd Floor Seacole Building 2
ACMD Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs Chair: Professor Les Iversen Secretary: Rachel Fowler 3rd Floor Seacole Building 2. Marsham Street London SW1P 4DF 020 7035 0454 Email: [email protected] Rt Hon. Theresa May MP Home Office 2 Marsham Street London SW1P 4DF 18th October 2012 Dear Home Secretary, In March 2012 the ACMD advised that methoxetamine be subject to a temporary class drug order. Methoxetamine was marketed as a legal alternative to ketamine until a temporary class drug order was implemented in April 2012. As is now required, the ACMD has followed its initial assessment with a consideration of methoxetamine in the context of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971; I enclose the report with this letter. The chemical structure of methoxetamine bears a close resemblance to that of both ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP, „Angel Dust‟, a class A drug), which both produce well- documented and serious adverse effects following both acute and chronic usage. Users report that the effects of methoxetamine are similar to those of ketamine, however, some users report that the effects are of longer duration.The harmful effects reported include severe dissociation, cardiovascular symptoms, paranoid thoughts and unpleasant hallucinations. The first analytically confirmed series reported by Guy‟s and St Thomas‟ NHS Foundation Trust, London in 2011, was of three individuals who presented having self-reported use of methoxetamine. All three presented with a ketamine-like dissociative state, but also had significant stimulant effects with agitation and cardiovascular effects including tachycardia and hypertension. Toxicological screening of serum samples confirmed methoxetamine use in two of the cases.
[Show full text]
Designer Drugs: a Review
WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Chavan et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences SJIF Impact Factor 5.210 Volume 4, Issue 08, 297-336. Review Article ISSN 2278 – 4357 DESIGNER DRUGS: A REVIEW Dr. Suyash Chavan,MBBS*1 and Dr. Vandana Roy2 1MD, Resident Doctor, Department of Pharmacology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi. 2MD, PhD Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi. ABSTRACT Article Received on 25 May 2015, Designer drugs‟ are psychoactive substances that mimic the effects of Revised on 16 June 2015, other banned illicit drugs but evade detection by law enforcing Accepted on 07 July 2015 agencies. This is because of modifications in the structure of the original psychoactive molecule. Originally developed as a way to *Correspondence for evade existing drug laws in the late 1960s, the synthesis and use of Author designer drugs has increased dramatically. They are advertised with Dr. Suyash Chavan innocuous names and are sold mostly over the internet, discreet outlets MD, Resident Doctor, Department of and at entertainment clubs. Victims may exhibit symptoms similar to Pharmacology, Maulana the effects of the illegal drug that these synthetic drugs mimic, Azad Medical College, however, the exact culprit drug is not detected due to structural New Delhi. modifications in the new drug. Overdose of these drugs may lead to serious adverse effects that can be life threatening. Understanding the pharmacology and toxicology of these agents is essential to facilitate their detection and to provide better medical care for patients suffering from adverse effects due to their consumption.
[Show full text]
Alcohol and Drug Abuse Subchapter 9 Regulated Drug Rule 1.0 Authority
Chapter 8 – Alcohol and Drug Abuse Subchapter 9 Regulated Drug Rule 1.0 Authority This rule is established under the authority of 18 V.S.A. §§ 4201 and 4202 which authorizes the Vermont Board of Health to designate regulated drugs for the protection of public health and safety. 2.0 Purpose This rule designates drugs and other chemical substances that are illegal or judged to be potentially fatal or harmful for human consumption unless prescribed and dispensed by a professional licensed to prescribe or dispense them, and used in accordance with the prescription. The rule restricts the possession of certain drugs above a specified quantity. The rule also establishes benchmark unlawful dosages for certain drugs to provide a baseline for use by prosecutors to seek enhanced penalties for possession of higher quantities of the drug in accordance with multipliers found at 18 V.S.A. § 4234. 3.0 Definitions 3.1 “Analog” means one of a group of chemical components similar in structure but different with respect to elemental composition. It can differ in one or more atoms, functional groups or substructures, which are replaced with other atoms, groups or substructures. 3.2 “Benchmark Unlawful Dosage” means the quantity of a drug commonly consumed over a twenty-four hour period for any therapeutic purpose, as established by the manufacturer of the drug. Benchmark Unlawful dosage is not a medical or pharmacologic concept with any implication for medical practice. Instead, it is a legal concept established only for the purpose of calculating penalties for improper sale, possession, or dispensing of drugs pursuant to 18 V.S.A.
[Show full text]
UNODC Correction(14Th March 2006).Qxd
Regional Office for South Asia PRECURSOR CONTROL AT A GLANCE Precursor Chemicals United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Regional Office for South Asia EP-16/17, Chandragupta Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi - 110 021 Phone: +91-11-42225000 Fax: +91-11-24104962 E-mail: [email protected] Regional Precursor Control Project for SAARC countries (RAS/938) Legal Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime or of the United Nations Secretariat. This document is meant for information of drug law enforcement officers and other stakeholders. This document has not been formally edited. Under no circumstances shall UNODC, the United Nations or any of its affiliates be liable for any loss, damage, liability or expense incurred or suffered which is claimed to have resulted from use of this book, including without limitation, any fault, error, omission, interruption or delay with respect thereto even if UNODC has been advised of the possibility of such damage. Year of publication: 2006 Preface Precursor control is one of the five key areas identified by the United Nations General Assembly Special Session held in June 1998 as requiring time-bound action. For the past several years, UNODC's Regional Precursor Control Projects in South Asia have been assisting the governments of the seven SAARC countries to strengthen their precursor control regimes. Sensitising drug law enforcement officers to the threat of the diversion of precursors and the need to control them has, we believe, been one of the important achievements of our endeavours.
[Show full text]
Development and Validation of Two Innovative Quantitative Liquid
The author(s) shown below used Federal funding provided by the U.S. Department of Justice to prepare the following resource: Document Title: Development and Validation of Two Innovative Quantitative Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methods for Forensic Toxicology Laboratories: Novel Analysis of Designer Drugs and Simultaneous Method for Cocaine and Opioids in Biological Matrices Author(s): Rebecca Wagner, Ph.D. Document Number: 254410 Date Received: December 2019 Award Number: 2015-DN-BX-K008 This resource has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. This resource is being made publically available through the Office of Justice Programs’ National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Award Number: 2015-DN-BX-K008 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice Award Number: 2015-DN-BX-K008 Project Title: Development and Validation of Two Innovative Quantitative Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methods for Forensic Toxicology Laboratories: Novel Analysis of Designer Drugs and Simultaneous Method for Cocaine and Opioids in Biological Matrices Final Summary Overview Author: Rebecca Wagner, Ph.D., Research Analyst, Virginia Department of Forensic Science Date: December 31, 2018 This resource was prepared by the author(s) using Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.
[Show full text]
Special M: the Evolution of the Recreational Use of Ketamine and Methoxetamine
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Hertfordshire Research Archive 1 From "Special K" to "Special M: The Evolution of the Recreational Use of Ketamine and Methoxetamine Ornella CORAZZA1, Sulaf ASSI1 and Fabrizio SCHIFANO1 1 School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom Address for correspondence: Ornella Corazza, MA, Ph.D. Principal Lecturer in Mental Health University of Hertfordshire Postgraduate Medical School College Lane Campus Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB (UK) Telephone: +44 (0)1707-289431 Fax: +44 (0)1707-284506 Mobile: +44 (0)7894 666 936 Email: [email protected] Summary Objective: To review the recreational use of ketamine (‘Special K’; KET) and explore 2 the recent diffusion of its new derivative methoxetamine (‘Special M’; MXE). Methods: The literature search on the non-clinical/recreational use of KET and MXE was carried out in a range of medical databases. Considering the limitations of peer- reviewed information, data were integrated with a qualitative assessment of a range of websites, drug fora and other online resources including. Results: The recreational use of KET has started since its discovery in 1962. This was due to its rapid onset, short duration of action, and peculiar psychotropic effects (‘K-hole’). The latter effect ranges from confusion to dissociation and depersonalization (near-death experience). However, KET abuse is often associated with physical and psychological side effects of which the worst is urological/bladder toxicity. Recently, MXE has emerged as a legal and ‘bladder friendly’ KET alternative. MXE presents with the same dissociative effect of KET but with slower onset and longer duration of action.
[Show full text]
Summary of 2020 Legislation
Summary of 2020 Legislation During the 2020 Session, the Legislature enacted a number of provisions that will have a significant impact on the Board and its licensees and registrants. The actual language that was enacted is included in Appendix A. Here is a summary of the provisions: Independent prescribing by pharmacists of self-administered hormonal contraceptives, nicotine replacement medications and opiate antagonists. Pharmacists will be able to independently prescribe self-administered contraceptives, nicotine replacement medications, and opiate antagonists, provided that: • They follow a protocol developed by the Board of Pharmacy in consultation with the Minnesota Board of Medical Practice; the Minnesota Board of Nursing; the commissioner of health; professional pharmacy associations; and professional associations of physicians, physician assistants, and advanced practice registered nurses. • They complete appropriate training programs and continuing education. • Provide appropriate counseling to patients. The Board will provide additional information to pharmacists once the protocols have been developed. The Board has until January 1, 2021 to develop the protocols but will try to develop them by August 1, 2020 – the effective date of the legislation. Medication Repository A change was made to allow the Board to either issue a request for proposal or to work directly with the University of Minnesota to establish the repository. COVID-19 vaccines Pharmacists were authorized to administer and FDA-approved vaccine for COVID-19, down to the age of six. The Board’s recommendations concerning the scheduling of controlled substances were enacted. Fentanyl analogs, synthetics cannabinoids, tianeptine, and benzodiazepines (that have not been approved by the FDA) were added to Schedule I.
[Show full text]
Poisons Standard February 2020
POISONS STANDARD FEBRUARY 2020 I, Avi Rebera, as delegate of the Secretary to the Department of Health, make the following Poisons Standard. Dated 23 December 2019 Avi Rebera Assistant Secretary Regulatory Engagement and Planning Branch Health Products Regulation Group Department of Health Authorised Version F2020L00017 registered 10/01/2020 1. Name This instrument is the Poisons Standard February 2020. 2. New Poisons Standard This instrument consists of the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons No. 27 (the SUSMP 27), as set out in Schedule 2. 3. Commencement (1) Each provision of this instrument specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table. Any other statement in column 2 has effect according to its terms. Commencement information Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Provisions Commencement Date/Details 1. The whole of this 1 February 2020. 1 February 2020 instrument Note: This table relates only to the provisions of this instrument as originally made. It will not be amended to deal with any later amendments of this instrument. (2) Any information in column 3 of the table is not part of this instrument. Information may be inserted in this column, or information in it may be edited, in any published version of this instrument. 4. Authority This instrument is made under paragraph 52D(2)(b) of the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989. 5. Repeals Each instrument that is specified in Schedule 1 to this instrument is repealed as set out in that Schedule. Authorised Version F2020L00017 registered 10/01/2020 Schedule 1—Repeals Note: See section 5.
[Show full text]
December 2018.PUB
CLINICAL , -.RENSIC Toxicology News ISSN 2374-9679 December 2018 An AACC/CAP Educaonal Newsle er for Toxicology Laboratories eral anesthetics such as propofol or thiopental. This Dissociave Drugs of Abuse makes ketamine a good option for anesthesia in low resource or remote settings. It is used worldwide and Growing Family Includes Ketamine, is a core medication for intravenous anesthesia and Phencyclidine, and Their Analogs sedation on the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines (2). In clinical settings, it By Matthew D. Krasowski, MD, PhD, and Kenichi is usually administered intravenously or intramuscu- Tamama, MD, PhD larly (1,3). Reports of ketamine abuse first appeared in the etamine and phencyclidine (PCP) are pharmaco- 1970s with rising popularity in the club scene in the logically related drugs that produce dissociative 1990s (4 –6). Street names include special K, vitamin K effects on the central nervous system (CNS) char- K, super K, and kit kat. Increasing abuse, including acterized by feelings of detachment and sensory diversion from medical and veterinary supplies, led distortions. While PCP had only a brief run as a gen- to its classification as a U.S. Drug Enforcement Ad- eral anesthetic in the U.S. in the late 1950s and early ministration (DEA) schedule III controlled substance 1960s before being abandoned on the clinical market, in 1999 (4,6). ketamine has been used as a clinical and veterinary Ketamine is abused in the club setting and to general anesthetic since the 1970s. enhance the sexual experience. Abusers often aim Abuse of ketamine and PCP has been well - for what is known as the “k-hole,” a state character- known since the 1960s and 1970s, with both drugs ized by physical immobility and out -of -body experi- showing dramatic rises and falls in popularity in the ence (4).
[Show full text]
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,974,365 B2 Best (45) Date of Patent: Mar
US008974365B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,974,365 B2 Best (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 10, 2015 (54) TREATMENT OF THALAMOCORTICAL Spencer, K.M. etal. Abnormal Neural Synchrony in Schizophrenia. DYSRHYTHMIA J. Neurosci., 23:7407-7411 (2003). Spencer, K. M. et al. Neural synchrony indexes disordered percep (71) Applicant: Steven Richard Devore Best, Deerfield, tion and cognition in Schizophrenia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci., IL (US) 101: 17288-17293 (2004). Raz, A., et al., Firing Patterns and correlations of Spontaneous Dis (72) Inventor: Steven Richard Devore Best, Deerfield, charge of Pallidal Neurons in the Normal and the Tremulous IL (US) 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine Vervet Model of Parkinsonism.J. Neurosci., 20:8559-8571 (2000). (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Wichmann, T., et al., The primate subthalamic nucleus. III. Changes patent is extended or adjusted under 35 in motor behavior and neuronal activity in the internal pallidum induced by subthalamic inactivation in the MPTP model of U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. parkinsonism. J. Neurophysiol. 72:521-530 (1994). Nini, A., et al., Neurons in the globus pallidus do not show correlated (21) Appl. No.: 13/826,250 activity in the normal monkey, but phase-locked oscillations appear (22) Filed: Mar 14, 2013 in the MPTP model of parkinsonism.J. Neurophysiol. 74, 1800-1805 (1995). (65) Prior Publication Data Chun-Yen Chen, M.D.,et al... Maintenance therapy of celecoxib for major depression with mimicking neuropsychological dysfunction, US 2014/01 48.636A1 May 29, 2014 General Hospital Psychiatry, 1-3 (2010).
[Show full text]
New Psychoactive Substances. a Challenge to Public Health
portada_AF_ingles.pdf 1 24/07/14 10:57 O H N CH3 CH3 NEW PSYCHOACTIVE OH H SUBSTANCES. H OH O A CHALLENGE TO PUBLIC HEALTH The Spanish Early Warning System C O OH H M H OH Y CM O H MY N CH3 CY CH3 CMY K OH H H OH O O OH H Financed by: H OH SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO DE SERVICIOS SOCIALES DE SERVICIOS SOCIALES E IGUALDAD E IGUALDAD MINISTERIO MINISTERIO DE SANIDAD, SERVICIOS SOCIALES DE SANIDAD, SERVICIOS SOCIALES E IGUALDAD DELEGACIÓN DEL GOBIERNO E IGUALDAD DELEGACIÓN DEL GOBIERNO PARA EL PLAN NACIONAL SOBRE DROGAS PARA EL PLAN NACIONAL SOBRE DROGAS NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES. A CHALLENGE TO PUBLIC HEALTH The Spanish Early Warning System Authors: Julia González Alonso Noelia Llorens Aleixandre We would like to thank the Spanish Government Office for the National Drug Plan, and in particular, Mr. Francisco de Asís Babín (Government Delegate), Mr. José Oñorbe (Deputy Director), Ms. Rosario Sendino and Ms. Elena Álvarez, for their collaboration and support. Translation by: Álvaro Ruiz del Real and Marta Jiménez Bermejo Layout and printing: SERVICIOS ADI EDITORIALES www.auladoc.com Legal deposit: M-21193-2014 ISBN: 978-84-940849-5-9 NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES A CHALLENGE TO PUBLIC HEALTH Presentation The Association of Experts for the Development of Social Programs (Asociación de Técnicos para el Desarrollo de Programas Sociales, or ADES, Spanish acronym), in collaboration with the Spanish Government Office for the National Drug Plan (DGPNSD, Spanish acronym) has developed training and refresher programs on drug addiction
[Show full text]