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Budućnost Razvoja Naselja U Svetlu Klimatskih Promena

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Budućnost Razvoja Naselja U Svetlu Klimatskih Promena Društvo urbanista Beograda 2011. BUDUĆNOST RAZVOJA NASELJA U SVETLU KLIMATSKIH PROMENA Uredništvo: Vesna Zlatanović-Tomašević Ranka Gajić Faketa Kaić Sponzor Inženjerska komora Srbije U saradnji sa Udruženjem Urbanista Srbije IMPRESUM Naslov BUDUĆNOST RAZVOJA NASELJA U SVETLU KLIMATSKIH PROMENA Recenzenti Dr Vesna Zlatanović-Tomašević Mr Ranka Gajić Izdavač Društvo urbanista Beograda Za izdavača Dr Vesna Zlatanović-Tomašević Uredništvo Dr Vesna Zlatanović-Tomašević Mr Ranka Gajić Faketa Kaić Dizajn korica Ana Radovanović Tehnička obrada Mr Ranka Gajić Štampa Zonix Beograd, Ruzveltova 6 Tiraž 100 Beograd, 2011. ISBN 978-86-907727-7-3 Sva prava zadržava izdavač, reprodukcija nije dozvoljena 50 GODINA OD OSNIVANJA DRUŠTVA URBANISTA BEOGRADA Pedeset godina je dug period u trajanju i radu Društva urbanista Beograda, ali je i relativno kratak period u poreñenju sa višemilenijumskom tradicijom planiranja i grañenja gradova. Za više generacija urbanista Beograda ovo je period vredan pažnje i poštovanja, u kome su oni veliki deo svoje stvaralačke energije ugradili u stručnu i društvenu afirmaciju delatnosti urbanizma, radeći na prostornim i urbanističkim planovima, ucestvujući u realizaciji planova kao i u izradi propisa iz oblasti prostornog i urbanističkog planiranja. Društvo urbanista Beograda je nastalo pod okriljem Udruženja urbanista Srbije, teritorijalno vezano za područje grada Beograda, instituisanog kroz organizovane aktivnosti urbanista i organizacija u oblasti prostornog i urbanističkog planiranja. Formirano je kao prvo gradsko društvo 15. novembra 1961. godine kao Urbanističko društvo Beograda. Obnovljeno je 28. marta 1987. godine, sa istim nazivom, a od 24. avgusta 1992. godine nosi današnji naziv Društvo urbanista Beograda koje je nastavilo aktivnosti Urbanističkog društva Beograda Organi Društva, preko kojih se organizuje rad su: Predsednik Društva, Predsedništvo i Nadzorni odbor. U periodu do 1961. godine, prema nedostajućoj evidenciji, Predsednici Društva urbanista Beograda bili su: arh. Mile Glavički, arh. Gordana Tolmačev, ekon. Rade Glavički, arh. Milica Jovanović (Jakšić), arh. Kosta Karamata, arh. Ranko Radović, arh. Branislav Stojanović, arh. Branko Bojović, arh. Miša David, arh. Tihomir Obradović, arh. Miodrag Ferenčak, arh. Žaklina Gligorijević, arh. Dragana Bazik i arh. Ružica Bogdanović. Organe DUB-a danas čine: arh. Vesna Zlatanović-Tomašević, Predsednik, arh. Ranka Gajić, sekretar Predsedništva i članovi predsedništva: arh. Ružica Bogdanović, arh. Nataša Danilović, arh. Marina Nenković-Riznić, arh. Faketa Kaić, arh. Emil Dimitrov i arh. Marina Božić.. Period rada Društva od 50 godina može grubo da se podeli na tri faze: od 1961. godine do 90-tih godina 20. veka, zatim 90-te godine 20. veka i treca faza od 2001. do 2011. godine. Prvi period od 1961. godine do 90-tih godina 20. veka je vreme velike izgradnje Beograda, kada je godišnje počinjala izgradnja oko 15 000 stanova, a završavalo se oko 7 500 stanova. To je bio period velike angažovanosti stručnjaka urbanističke delatnosti u izradi urbanističkih planova. U ovom periodu su stručnjaci Urbanističkog zavoda, Direkcije za izgradnju grada i ostalih gradskih stručnih službi uz saradnju Društva urbanista Beograda, uradili "Prostorni plan Beograda", "GUP Beograda" 1972. godine, "Izmene i dopune GUP-a" 1985. godine, "Programe razvoja grada Beograda do 2000. godine" i dr. Ovaj period je pratilo učešće Urbanističkog zavoda i Direkcije za izgradnju grada na mnogim savetovanima, simpozijumima, okruglim stolovima... u organizaciji grada, Društva urbanista Beograda i nadležnih institucija. Period poslednje decenije 20. veka je period burnih promena u oblasti planiranja i grañenja i vreme u kome je u jednom trenutku došlo do “zaustavljanja” planiranja, odnosno vreme kada su urbanistički planovi postali ''kišobran'', za donošenje problematičnih odluka o ureñenju prostoranju, uz podršku dva suprostavljena sektora: društvenog koji je imao političku podršku i individualnog koji je pokazao maksimalnu žilavost u bespravnoj gradnji. To je bilo i vreme koje nije prihvatalo mehanizme monetarne, fiskalne, kreditne, hipotekarne, zemljišne, urbane politike i kad je u toj situaciji urbanističko planiranje postalo ''čardak ni na nebu ni na zemlji''. Umesto investicionog i preduzetničkog planiranja prostora, prolazilo se kroz političke obračune, kroz pet ustavnih promena, deset reformi društveno-ekonomskog sistema, dvadeset devalvacija valute, kao i više Zakona i propisa iz oblasti planiranja i grañenja. Treći period rada Društva urbanista Beograda odvija se u poslednjih 10 godina, od 2001. do 2011., kada je naša zemlja ušla u promene političkog i društvenog sistema, u period tranzicije sa najnižim dohotkom po stanovniku u Evropi i sa visokom stopom nezaposlenosti (oko 30 %), sa velikim brojem bespravno izgrañenih objekata većinom neevidentiranih, nesreñenim katastrom i neureñenim svojinskim odnosima, sa ''zaspalom'' imovinom i sa najnižim prirodnim priraštajem u Evropi. Urbanisti su u ovom periodu dobili težak zadatak da u vrlo kratkom vremenskom periodu urade planska dokumenta koja treba da budu usaglašena sa novim pristupom planiranju (a prema novom Zakonu o planiranju i izgradnji). Planovi, u ovom periodu se rade i donose pod velikim pritiskom investitora i politike - na delu je tzv. “investitorski urbanizam”. Delovanje Društva u ovih 10 godina je skoncentrisane na obavezne aktivnosti u praćenju izrade planske regulative na teritoriji grada Beograda i na aktivnosti u okviru Udruženja urbanista Srbije. Aktivnosti Društva u Udruženu urbanista Srbije su se odvijale preko predstavnika Društva, koji je u Udruženju potpredsednik Udruženja i kroz aktivnosti u okviru aktivnosti Udruženja, Salona urbanizma, u izradi propisa iz oblasti planiranja i gradjenja i u ostalim zajedničkim aktivnostima, kao što su savetovanja, simpozijumi, letnje škole urbanista i drugo. U okviru osnovne delatnosti, aktivnostima vezanim za teritoriju grada Beograda, Društvo je, sa manje ili više uspeha, ostvarilo osnovne ciljeve i zadatke; izmedju ostalog - okupljanje i strukovno organizovanje urbanista, prostornih planera, stručnih institucija, članova Društva i Udruženja, na području Beograda, kroz organizovanje savetovanja, simpozijuma, okruglih stolova, izrade projekata, učešće u izradi studija, analiza i informisanje članova i šire stručne javnosti o svom radu. Neke od glavnih aktivnosti su: prisustvo predstavnika Društva na sednicama Gradske komisije za planove (bez prava glasa u odlučivanju pri donošenju planskih dokumenata, zbog čega je Društvo stalno pokretalo pitanje kod nadležnih institucija, ali ovo ni do danas nije regulisano); zatim učešće u radu Urbanističkog zavoda Beograda u raspravama, diskusijama o planiranju i razvoju grada Beograda, u izradi "Regionalnog prostornog plana Beograda" (2002.), "Generalnog plana Beograda" (2003.), u više desetina urbanističkih planova i planova generalne regulacije, na izradi "Studije o Savskom Amfiteatru" (2007.), na "Studiji visokih objekata" (2010.), "Studiji priobalnog područja" (2011.) i dr. Aktivnosti Društva su bile i u učestvovanje u izradi raznih projekata, na primer: u toku 2001. godine je prihvaćena inicijativa Društva da konkuriše za učešće u "Projektu Marketinga Lokalne Agende 21" kod REC-a, zatim Društvo je učestvovalo u okviru "Dana urbanizma u Beogradu" (2001.), u Permanentnoj edukaciji Urbanističkog zavoda projekat (7+7) - GUP Beograda i integracija GIS-a i CAD-a (programa za primenu u urbanističkom planiranju), zatim u projektu "Povratak rekama - Pokretač života u gradu", uz podršku IKS-a (2009. sa izložbom u okviru nedelje arhitekture), zatim na projektu "Napravi korak – unapredi okruženje" (2010.), na projektu „Gradovi u globalizaciji - Alisa u zemlji čuda“ (u saradnji sa Ministarstvom za nauku i tehnološki razvoj Republike Srbije, Saobraćajnim fakultetom Univerziteta u Beogradu - Katedre za urbanizam, Evropskim centarom za kulturu i debatu, “Gradom Beograd”, International Society of City and Regional Planners, ISOCARP-2010). Pored navedenog Društvo je učestvovao u žiriranju na više urbanističko- arhitektonskih konkursa, u periodu od 2001. do 2009. godine, a u toku 2011. godine na samo jednom konkursu; zatim na prezentaciji web sajta DUB-a, na prezentaciji 100 dana gradskog arhitekte, na organizovanju tribine - "GP Beograda godinu dana posle usvajanja", organizovanju okruglog stola sa temom "Odnosi i relacija institucija u toku izrade i sprovoñenja planova" (2010.), okruglog stola «Napravi korak unapredi okruženje» (2010.). Pored navedenog, Društvo je organizovalo simpozijume i savetovanja: "Urbani dizajn" (2005.); "Rekonstrukcija i revitalizacija grada" (2006.); "Nova urbanost, Globalizacija – Tranzicija" (2007.); "Nova urbaniost - integracija dezintegracija grada?" (2008.); "Kontinuitet, diskontinuitet u razvoju gradova" (2009.), zatim kao suorganizator sa UIB-om u Naučno-stručnoj Konferenciji “Saobraćaj i životna sredina u urbanim područjima” povodom 50 godina UIB-a (2009.); zatim u organizovanju Simpozijuma „Budućnost razvoja naselja u svetlu klimatskih promena” (2011.) i sa UIB-om u pripremi IV Naučno- stručne konferencije - Životna sredina i energetska efikasnost (2011). Društvo je u toku ovog perioda učestvovalo i u donošenju "Zakona o planiranju i izgradnji" (2003. i 2009.), usvojen je "Pravilnik Društva urbanista Beograda o sprovoñenju konkursa u oblasti urbanističko- arhitektonskog stvaralaštva" (2007.) Pored navedenih aktivnosti Društvo je, saglasno Zakonu o udruženjima, usaglasilo svoja akta (mart 2011. godine) i upisano je
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