Planet Ipe a Tourism Special

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Planet Ipe a Tourism Special © Mohammad Mohsin Ganai October 2018 PLANET IPE A TOURISM SPECIAL www.tripleline.com www.ipeafrica.com www.ajooniimpact.com www.ipeckd.com MD Speaks Dear IPEans, The traveller sees what he sees - the tourist sees what he has come to see. This simple statement by Gilbert Chesterton holds a world of meaning! As we celebrate another World Tourism Day in September, we also feel the need for fresh eyes and vision to see places differently. As technology creates smaller worlds of limited thoughts, we need facilities to see the bigger picture. As we go through our day to day life, we need to ask ourselves - are we a tourist or a traveller here? There are indeed many things to see and do in a tourist city. But there are many more interesting places and stories below the surface. These are only available to the exploring traveller - not to the agenda-driven tourist. Similarly, in our lives too, we start off as a tourist with a list of things to do, milestones to cross and successes to achieve. But somewhere in the middle, life takes its own turn - and then we become travellers. We see what is there, we experience what is happening and we learn what life offers. And that is when we throw away the tourist map and start drawing our own map. IPE Global has been a traveller throughout its journey - learning on the way, finding newer paths and breaking new ground. We have just made our foray into Myanmar and hopefully will enter many more unchartered territories in the future. Confucius’s advice is sound - wherever you go, go with all your heart. That is what IPE Global does - and all of you too. Keep on travelling, keep on learning. Best wishes Ashwajit Singh 2 INTRODUCTION World Tourism Day (WTD), celebrated every 27 September around the world, is a unique opportunity aimed at fostering awareness in the international community of the importance of tourism and its social, cultural, political and economic value. ‘Tourism and the Digital Transformation’ is the theme of this year’s WTD that helps us to further explore the opportunities provided to tourism by technological advances including big data, artificial intelligence and digital platforms. Digital advances are transforming how we connect and inform ourselves, exchange information and execute transactions; where innovation take centre stage to bring together continued growth with greater sustainability in tourism. This year WTD highlights the need for investment in disruptive digital technologies that can foster an environment for innovation and entrepreneurship in tourism. The advent of technology has also played a major role in changing the course of development projects from having a reactive approach to a proactive one. At IPE Global, we have been working on large scale development projects in the Tourism Sector focused on advising Governments for strategy & policy advocacy, city level master planning, tourism related business planning, project structuring and institutional strengthening and capacity building. Tourism has become one of the fastest growing and most important economic sectors in the world. With continuous expansion and diversification also comes responsibility to use technological change and digitalization to help create a more economically and socially sustainable, inclusive and environmentally-friendly future. #WTD2018 #UNWTO 3 IPE GLOBAL KEY PROJECTS ADB/Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Board (HPTDB): Project Management, Design and Supervision Consultant for Infrastructure Development Investment Programme for Tourism (IDIPT), Himachal Pradesh, India (2011-2017) The IDIPT is providing overall assistance for efficient implementation of the investment program by supporting sustainable and inclusive tourism development and heritage conservation. The prominent ones are Shimla mall road restoration project, rehabilitation of town hall, conservation and restoration of masroor temples in line with the management plan, integrated parking, interpretation centre and tourist amenities complex at Chintpurni. The project aims to develop state tourism sub circuits into marketable cluster destinations that exhibit enhanced protection and management of key natural & cultural heritage tourism sites, improved market connectivity and tourist support infrastructure, with the focus on enhancing capacities of concerned sector agencies and local communities for sustainable development of tourist destinations. We are also providing direct and indirect assistance to Project Implementation Unit (PIU) to ensure effective coordination and implementation of whole investment programme. 4 Hon’ble CM of Himachal Pradesh Shri Jai Ram Thakur visited the Townhall site on Shimla Mall Road which has been restored and illuminated by our project team. Conservation and upgradation of heritage buildings of Town Hall has been done under IDIPT project. The CM was happy to see the work done by our teams. Crafts made by Self-Help Group (SHGs) community members under IDIPT, Himachal Pradesh project gifted to Hon’ble CM Jai Ram Thakur on World Tourism Day 5 NITI Aayog/Government of India: Preparation of Concept Development Plans and Detailed Master Plans for Holistic Development of Package I and III Islands, Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep, India (2017-2018) With an emphasis on island tourism, Government of India entrusted its premier policy think tank, NITI Aayog, to steer the process of holistic development as sustainable international tourism destinations, promote maritime economy and preserve natural ecosystem and rich bio-diversity. With the overarching goal of mainstreaming and economic upliftment of the natives of these islands, while preserving their culture, traditions etc., IPE Global is currently developing the Concept Development Plans and detailed Master Plan for Smith, Ross, Long and Avis Island in Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Minicoy, Bangaram, Thinnakara, Cheriyam and Suheli islands in Lakshadweep group of islands. The project scope includes conducting eco sensitivity and geomorphology analysis; identification of priority projects and areas for potential development for specific economic drivers and support infrastructure; strategies for attracting investment in infrastructure through Public Private Partnership model; facilitating the long-term growth and development of the tourism industry in a sustainable manner and creating a vehicle to ensure adherence to sustainable tourism planning principles. 6 DID YOU KNOW? Tourism contributes to 10% of world GDP Tourism in India provides 40 million jobs. Tourism sector is expected to grow at an annual average growth rate of 7.9% till 2023, making India the third fastest growing tourism destinations over the next decade. International tourist arrivals reached 1235 million in 2016 Tourism worldwide has grown above average, at around 4% per year, for seven straight years. Facts courtesy: UNWTO 7 Setting up of 01 PMU & 21 PIUs under Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) in Urban Local Bodies Department, Haryana (2017-2019) IPE Global has been contracted by Government of Haryana to provide Technical Support, expertise guidance and Professional handholding to undertake and deliver all the tasks/activities listed in the guideline issued for SWACHH BHARAT MISSION (SBM). In collaboration with the Haryana Slum Clearance Board (HSCB), the project focusses on cleanliness of slum areas through assistance in preparation of guidelines for Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to implement different components of SBM (Urban); preparation of draft City Sanitation Plan (CSP) for ULBs; Transaction Advisory assistance for the selection of contractors/third party & procurement for implementation of projects, facilitation to ULBs for development and deployment of appropriate MIS (including M&E) systems. This would also include building capacities through trainings at the state and ULBs for maintaining these and make further analysis. 8 SWACHH BHARAT MISSION (SBM) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) or Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) or Clean India Mission is a nation-wide campaign in India for the period 2014 to 2019 that aims to clean up the streets, roads and infrastructure of India’s cities, smaller towns, and rural areas. Launched in 2014, the objectives of Swachh Bharat include eliminating open defecation through the construction of household- owned and community-owned toilets and establishing an accountable mechanism of monitoring toilet use. The government-run scheme aims to construct 90 million toilets in rural India at a projected cost of US$30 billion by 2 October 2019, the 150th anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi. The mission will also contribute to India reaching Sustainable Development Goal Number 6 (SDG 6). The theme for 2018 is ‘Swachhata Hi Seva’ #SHS2018 SBM IN NUMBERS More than 8 22 Open crore toilets built Defecation Free since 2014 (ODF) state/UTs 4.77 lakh+ Open 478 Open Defecation Free Defecation Free villages districts Courtesy: http://swachhbharatmission.gov.in 9 IPE IN NEWS LM Singh, Director, PAHAL features in The Mint; Shares his views on PMJAY-Ayushman Bharat Scheme L.M Singh in an exclusive story in National newspaper - The Mint on 24 September, spoke about Government of India’s ambitious healthcare scheme - Ayushman Bharat. “The scheme has been designed keeping in mind the 71st National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey. However, it cannot be ignored that with rapid urbanization, more than 400 million people now reside in urban spaces, of whom nearly 100 million live in slum-like conditions, with a direct impact on their health and
Recommended publications
  • Improving Consumer Voices and Accountability in the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) Findings from the Benchmarking Citizen Report Cards in Odisha and Tamil Nadu CRC-2
    Improving Consumer Voices and Accountability in the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) Findings from the benchmarking Citizen Report Cards in Odisha and Tamil Nadu CRC-2 Conducted By For Project Supported by June 2017 Public Affairs Foundation (PAF) Implementation of Citizen Report Card (CRC-2) as a part of Improving Consumer Voices and Accountability in Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) [SBM(G)] Report of Findings Submitted to Public Affairs Centre (PAC) [For Feedback please contact Meena Nair at [email protected]] June 2017 [page left blank] i Public Affairs Foundation | CRC-2 in Tamil Nadu and Odisha | PAC/BMGF | June 2017 Table of Contents List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ viii Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................. ix Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Report Outline ...................................................................................................................................... 10 Section 2: Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 11 Section
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons from the Swachh Bharat Mission – Driving Behaviour Change at Scale
    The making of “Swachh” India Lessons from the Swachh Bharat Mission – driving behaviour change at scale October 2018 KPMG.com/in © 2018 KPMG, an Indian Registered Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Foreword The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), which is perhaps the largest behaviour change campaign ever, aims to make India a clean nation. There is enough evidence to show that India is on a new trajectory of growth owing to the achievements under the mission. SBM has witnessed a phenomenal increase in rural sanitation coverage from 39 per cent to 90 per cent in the last four years. It is heartening to see the people of our nation stepping beyond their roles as mere beneficiaries of the programme to becoming its leaders. The large majority of citizens in rural India, especially the women, no longer have to suffer the indignity of having to go out into the open to defecate. In fact, women are becoming the primary force in driving the nation in becoming free from open defecation. It marks a sea change in their attitude which has a direct impact on their dignity and quality of life. The World Health Organization (WHO) believes that SBM could prevent about 300,000 deaths due to water borne diseases assuming we achieve 100 per cent coverage by October 2019. The credit for this will go to every Indian who was part of this campaign. I take this opportunity to congratulate the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation and every citizen in the country for catalysing the achievements achieved thus far.
    [Show full text]
  • National Guidelines for Smart Cities in India
    GCI Thematic Round Table: A Dialogue on Smart Cities, June 29th, 2015 National Guidelines for Smart Cities in India Bharat Punjabi Post Doctoral Fellow, Institute on Municipal Finance and Governance, University of Toronto Visiting Fellow, Global Cities Institute, University of Toronto Email: [email protected] Major Objectives of the Smart Cities Mission • Retrofitting – providing services to those city pockets which are deficient in them • Redevelopment – reconstruction of those city pockets where other interventions are unlikely to bring improvements • City-wide improvements such as Intelligent Transport Solutions, and greenfield smart cities Excerpt from the Guidelines: Brownfield and Green field “ The purpose of the Smart Cities Mission is to drive economic growth and improve the quality of life of people by enabling local area development and harnessing technology, especially technology that leads to Smart outcomes. Area-based development will transform existing areas (retrofit and redevelop), including slums, into better planned ones, thereby improving liveability of the whole City. New areas (greenfield) will be developed around cities in order to accommodate the expanding population in urban areas. Application of Smart Solutions will enable cities to use technology, information and data to improve infrastructure and services ” The core infrastructure elements in a Smart City would include: • Adequate water supply, • Assured electricity supply, • Sanitation, including solid waste management, • Efficient urban mobility and public transport, • Affordable housing • Robust IT connectivity and digitalization, • Good governance, especially e-Governance and citizen participation, • Sustainable environment, • Safety and security of citizens, particularly women, children and the elderly, and • Health and education Finance and Urban Governance: Centre- State co-operation • Rs.
    [Show full text]
  • Transforming India Through Make in India, Skill India and Digital India
    through Make in India, Sk⬆⬆⬆ India & 1 through Make in India, Sk⬆⬆⬆ India & 2 through Make in India, Sk⬆⬆⬆ India & 3 through Make in India, Sk⬆⬆⬆ India & From President’s Desk We envisage a transformed India where the economy is in double digit growth trajectory, manufacturing sector is globally competitive, the agriculture sector is sufficient to sustain the rising population and millions of jobs are created for socio-economic development of the Dr. Mahesh Gupta nation. This transformation will take place through the dynamic policy environment announced by our esteemed Government. The policies like Make in India, Skill India and Digital India have the potential to “India has emerged as the boost not only economic growth but overall socio-economic development of the country to the next level. The inclusive one of the fastest moving development of the country would pave the way for peace, progress economies and a leading and prosperity. investment destination. The fact is that ever since India I believe, the economic activity is expected to regain its momentum in has launched dynamic the coming months with circulation of new currency in the system that reforms there has been no would lead to reduction in interest rates and higher aggregate demand. looking back. ” The theme of our 111th AGM is “Transforming India through Make in India, Skill India & Digital India’. The transformed India provide housing for all, education for all, easy access to medical and health facilities as well as safe and better standards of living to the population of India. Transformed India would promise every citizen to realize his or her potential and contribute towards self, family and the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin
    Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin Introduction To end open defecation and adopt safe sanitation practices in Rural India, Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin was launched. Proper containment of excreta is a must for preventing the faecal oral transmission of pathogens. Many a socio- economic parameters of our society is directly affected by the magnitude of practice of open defecation. These include Infant Mortality Rate, Maternal Mortality Rate, number of school dropouts, average life expectancy, etc. The district administration of Pudukkottai is committed and is working towards making Pudukkottai an Open Defecation Free(ODF) district. The Government of India and the Government of Tamil Nadu has been working for improving rural sanitation coverage right from 1986. The first such program was the Central Rural Sanitation Program which was initiated in 1986 to construct toilets for the rural people. Then came the ‘demand driven’ approach of Total Sanitation Campaign in 1999. GoI also launched an award based Incentive Scheme for fully sanitized and open defecation free gram panchayats, blocks, districts and states called “Nirmal Gram Puraskar” (NGP) in October 2003 and gave away the first awards in 2005 as a component of its flagship scheme Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC). Then in 2012, Nirmal Bharat Abhiyaan was launched with an enhanced incentive amount for constructing the toilet. The Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin was launched on October 2nd 2014 with the aim of making the whole country Open Defecation Free(ODF) by October 2nd 2019 as a tribute to Mahatma Gandhi on his 150th birth anniversary. Swachh Bharat Mission is different from the earlier programs. First, the eligibility criteria for selection of beneficiaries have been expanded to include all BPL as well as underprivileged APL citizens.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020121470.Pdf
    INDEX 1. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare ................................................... 1 to 12 2. Ministry of Commerce and Industry .................................................................... 13 to 16 3. Ministry of communication ................................................................................... 17 to 18 4. Ministry of Finance ................................................................................................. 19 to 24 5. Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises ...................................................... 25 6. Ministry of Human Resource and Development ................................................... 26 to 32 7. Ministry of Jal Shakti. ............................................................................................ 33 to 36 8. Ministry of Minority Affairs .................................................................................. 37 to 39 9. Minority of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions .............................................. 40 10. Ministry of Panchayat Raj .............................................................................................. 41 11. Ministry of Road Transport and Highways: .................................................................. 42 12. Ministry of Rural Development ............................................................................ 43 to 47 13. Ministry of Shipping ....................................................................................................... 48 14. Ministry
    [Show full text]
  • HUL – #Startupindia GRAND WATER SAVING CHALLENGE
    HUL – #StartupIndia GRAND WATER SAVING CHALLENGE Overview In support of the Prime Minister’s Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) and the UN SDGs, Hindustan Unilever Ltd. (HUL) in association with Invest India, Startup India, and AGNIi is launching the Grand Water Saving Challenge. The Challenge aims to address the need for an efficient flush system in public toilets to ensure optimum usage of water and a clean and hygienic toilet. The national challenge has been catalysed by the ‘Healthy Cities and Communities’ initiative by the World Economic Forum that aims to improve people’s well-being by enabling them to live longer and fuller lives in their local environments. In collaboration with the Toilet Board Coalition (TBC), the national challenge is inviting start-ups, technologists, R&D labs, incubators, independent inventors, and youth to participate and make a difference with their innovative solutions. Participants can submit their entries via Startup India hub free of cost. The winners of the challenge will receive a cash prize of INR 5 Lakh in addition to an opportunity to install and pilot their invention at one of the Suvidha centres, community hygiene centres conceptualized by HUL in Mumbai. DETAILED ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA a. The challenge is open to Startups that are registered with DPIIT (Department for Promotion of Industry & Internal Trade) b. The Challenge is also open to academic institutions that may not be registered as above. c. Employees of the Company, its Affiliates, distributors, appointed agency/entity holding the Challenge, their families and immediate relatives are not eligible to participate in the program. d. The Challenge is valid for Indian nationals residing in India who are eighteen years of age or above and who are not legally ineligible to participate for any reason whatsoever.
    [Show full text]
  • Innovations Report
    & TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................. 1 SECTION 2: ULB LED INNOVATIONS .................................... 4 SECTION 3: CITIZEN LED INNOVATIONS ............................ 26 SECTION 4: INITIATIVES BY CIVIL SOCIETY AND CORPORATES ...................................................................... 31 Introduction Innovation and best practices in context of waste management Waste management essentially involves activities Waste management measures should include strategies associated with generation, storage, collection, transfer for urban mining and a shift from primary to secondary and transport, processing and disposal of wastes in a resource use (re-use and recycling). Impact of such manner which is environmentally compatible, adopting strategies will be that on one side urban mining and re- principles of economy, aesthetics, energy efficiency and use/recycling strategies will reduce energy requirements conservation. India need to leapfrog its learning curve in and emissions for material production. For example, the area of waste management by translating science aluminium production from scrap requires about 20 times into technology, knowledge into implementation and less energy than from bauxite ore. But on the other side focus on mitigating negative impacts or adapting to recycling of materials from end-of-life products will face unavoidable negative impacts. For this to happen, best significant quality challenges as the share of old scrap practices should have public participation so that the rises, may create quantitative limits to recycling. This is time lag between research and innovations and its because current recycling strategies are largely based on scaling up into projects for public welfare is reduced. downgrading (e.g., accumulation of alloying elements “Soft” components of a project are as important as due to incomplete separation of scrap types, which limits “hardware” component.
    [Show full text]
  • “Bal Swachhta Mission” on 14Th November 2014 on the Occasion Of
    Press Note ******* The Government of India is launching the “ Bal Swachhta Mission” on 14 th November 2014 on the occasion of Children’s Day (Bal Divas), in which children at the Anganwaris Centres would be sensitized and involved in different aspects of hygiene and safe sanitation. Earlier, On October 2, 2014, the Prime Minster of India launched a nationwide sanitation initiative in the form of “Swachh Bharat Mission”. The mission focuses on improving cleanliness and hygiene in urban and rural areas, in work places and homes, and on curbing open defecation. Also each year, the week from 14th to 19th November is celebrated as ICDS Week and the theme of this year will be “Bal Swachhta”. The Department of Social Welfare, Chandigarh Administration is undertaking the implementation of the program in all its units and also in convergence with other Departments like Department of School Education, The department of Public health and Municipal Corporation to undertake cleanliness drives, ensuring clean surroundings and sensitization on issues of personal hygiene and child health. The program will be launched on 14 th November 2014 and the activities will continue for the whole week i.e. 14 th -19 th November 2014. A detailed plan of action for celebration of Bal Swachta Mission has been prepared in line with the themes suggested by Government of India. On 14 th November 2014, on the occasion of Children’s Day, the Department of social welfare in convergence with Health department will organize a Camp for comprehensive health checkup at Snehalaya- Children home, followed by many other recreational activities and programs for children formally marking the beginning of the celebrations.
    [Show full text]
  • Household Survey for Assessment of Toilet Coverage Under Swachh Bharat Mission – Gramin”
    Report of “Household survey for Assessment of Toilet Coverage under Swachh Bharat Mission – Gramin” Submitted to Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation By Quality Council of India 2nd Floor, Institution of Engineers Building, 2-Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi www.qcin.org . Swachh Bharat Mission – Gramin|2017 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 4 2. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 SURVEY DESIGN ................................................................................................................................................ 7 2.3 SURVEY DESIGN – NAMAMI GANGE ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 DATA SOURCE AND COLLECTION ........................................................................................................................... 8 2.5 DATA MONITORING AND CONTROL ........................................................................................................................ 9 2.6 QUALITY CHECK FRAMEWORK .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Parliament of India Rajya Sabha Parliament
    PARLIAMENT OF INDIA RAJYA SABHA DEPARTMENT-RELATED PARLIAMENTARY STANDING COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT Rajya Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi December, 2016/Agrahayana, 1938 (Saka) Hindi version of this publication is also available PARLIAMENT OF INDIA RAJYA SABHA DEPARTMENT-RELATED PARLIAMENTARY STANDING COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT TWO HUNDRED EIGHTY THIRD REPORT The Implementation of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan And Mid-Day-Meal Scheme (Presented to the Rajya Sabha on 15th December, 2016) (Laid on the Table of Lok Sabha on 15th December, 2016) Rajya Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi December, 2016/ Agrahayana, 1938 (Saka) C O N T E N T S PAGES 1. COMPOSITION OF THE COMMITTEE …........................................................... (i) 2. PREFACE…………………………………………………………………………. (ii) 3. LIST OF ACRONYMS ……….......…............................................................ (iii)-(iv) 4. REPORT.........................................................................................…... ......................... 4. *OBSERVATIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE - AT A GLANCE ... 5. *MINUTES .............................................................................................. 6. *ANNEXURES.................................................................................................. ______________________________ *Appended on printing stage COMPOSITION OF THE COMMITTEE (Constituted w.e.f. 1st September, 2016) 1. Dr. Satyanarayan Jatiya ¾ Chairman RAJYA SABHA 2. Prof. Jogen Chowdhury 3. Prof. M.V. Rajeev Gowda 4. Shri
    [Show full text]
  • Financing Swachh Bharat: Finding the Money for Clean India
    FINANCE BRIEF JUNE 2016 12 FINANCING SWACHH BHARAT: FINDING THE MONEY FOR CLEAN INDIA India’s latest national sanitation programme, Swachh Bharat (‘Clean India’), is Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s striking initiative to re-energise the drive towards improved sanitation access and lower rates of open defecation. For an initiative of this scale to succeed, every level of government must be able to access the funds necessary to reach millions of households. This Finance Brief examines the current financial outlook for Swachh Bharat, and considers potential sanitation funding models. A key innovation is a 0.5% addition to the national Service Tax, ring-fenced for sanitation and expected to raise US $150 million per annum. ‘TOILET FIRST, TEMPLE LATER’: THE SWACHH SBM is attracting enormous international attention: can BHARAT MISSION top-level political commitment combined with massive government investment resolve the immense sanitation The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) was launched by Prime challenges of a lower-middle-income country? Everybody Minister Modi in October 2014 with the cry of ‘toilet first, hopes so! Nonetheless, the challenges are immense. Will SBM temple later’: an acknowledgement of the need for improved genuinely improve sanitation, or will it simply subsidise the sanitation and hygiene in India. SBM’s main objectives are to construction of millions of low-quality latrines? And will the eradicate open defecation and provide all Indians with access government find the money necessary to achieve genuinely to sanitation facilities by 2019. The central government (GOI) functional urban sanitation systems? is therefore subsidising construction on an enormous scale: 8.8 million rural toilets were built in the programme’s first year, THE COST OF SWACHH BHARAT and in urban areas 25,000 community toilets and 26,000 public The costs of improving rural and urban sanitation have been toilets are to be built in 2015/16 alone.
    [Show full text]