Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul Faculdade De Ciências Econômicas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Desenvolvimento Rural

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul Faculdade De Ciências Econômicas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Desenvolvimento Rural UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS ECONÔMICAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO RURAL ANTONIO JOÃO CASTRILLON FERNÁNDEZ DO CERRADO À AMAZÔNIA: AS ESTRUTURAS SOCIAIS DA ECONOMIA DA SOJA EM MATO GROSSO Porto Alegre 2007 ANTONIO JOÃO CASTRILLON FERNÁNDEZ DO CERRADO À AMAZÔNIA: AS ESTRUTURAS SOCIAIS DA ECONOMIA DA SOJA EM MATO GROSSO Tese submetida ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Desenvolvimento Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Desenvolvimento Rural. Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Carlos Gomes dos Anjos Porto Alegre 2007 DADOS INTERNACIONAIS DE CATALOGAÇÃO NA PUBLICAÇÃO (CIP) Responsável: Biblioteca Gládis W. do Amaral, Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas da UFRGS C355d Castrillon Fernandéz, Antonio João Do cerrado à Amazônia : as estruturas sociais da economia da soja em Mato Grosso / Antonio João Castri llon Fernandéz. – Porto Alegre, 2007. 262, [4] f. : il. Orientador: José Carlos Gomes dos Anjos. Tese (Doutorado em Desenvolvimento Rural) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Desenvolvimento Rural, Porto Alegre, 2007. 1. Soja : Economia : Estrutura social. 2. Processo social : Produção agrícola : Soja. 3. Relações sociais : Espaço rural. 4. Desenvolvimento rural : Mato Grosso. 5. Agricultura : Dese nvolvimento econômico. 6. Migração : Colonização. I. Anjos, José Carlos Gomes dos. II. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas. Programa de Pós- Graduação em Desenvolvimento Rural. III. Título. CDU 316.334.55 316.4 ANTONIO JOÃO CASTRILLON FERNÁNDEZ DO CERRADO Á AMAZÔNIA: AS ESTRUTURAS SOCIAIS DA ECONOMIA DA SOJA EM MATO GROSSO Tese de doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul como quesito parcial para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Desenvolvimento Rural. Aprovada em: Porto Alegre, 31 de agosto de 2007. __________________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. José Carlos Gomes dos Anjos – Orientador UFRGS ___________________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Marcelo Kunrath Silva UFRGS ___________________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. João Carlos Barroso UFMT ___________________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Fábio Nolasco UNEMAT AGRADECIMENTOS “Descobri aos 13 anos que o que me dava prazer nas leituras não era a beleza das frases, mas a doença delas. Comuniquei ao Padre Ezequiel, um meu Preceptor, esse gosto esquisito. Eu pensava que fosse um sujeito escaleno. - Gostar de fazer defeitos na frase é muito saudável, o Padre me disse. Ele fez um limpamento em meus receios. O Padre falou ainda: Manoel, isso não é doença, pode muito que você carregue para o resto da vida um certo gosto por nadas... E se riu. Você não é de bugre? - ele continuou. Que sim, eu respondi. Veja que bugre só pega por desvios, não anda em estradas – Pois é nos desvios que encontra as melhores surpresas e os ariticuns maduros. Há que apenas saber errar bem o seu idioma. Esse Padre Ezequiel foi o meu primeiro professor de gramática” (Manoel de Barros) Gostaria continuar nas palavras de Manoel de Barros que o Zé Carlos foi “o meu primeiro professor de sociologia”, me ensinou a despensar o pensado, me ensinou coisas importantes – e as coisas importantes são difíceis de serem ditas, às vezes são desditas... como na minha tese. Agradeço a todas as instituições e pessoas que contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho: aos professores, colegas e amigos do PGDR; aos agricultores, técnicos, lideranças que dispuseram do seu tempo para as entrevistas; de modo especial agradeço ao Professor José Carlos que me orientou, ao Zander que, com todo o seu entusiasmo de quem começava um novo projeto me desviou ao PGDR; ao Marcelo, pela sua presença; e, de modo muito pessoal agradeço à minha Lê, por tudo e ainda um pouco mais, a quem dedico este trabalho. RESUMO O esforço principal deste trabalho é realizar uma análise sociológica do processo de expansão das lavouras de soja nas áreas de Cerrado em direção às áreas de Floresta Amazônica, com foco no estado de Mato Grosso, a partir do recorte específico do processo de aquisição de terras, que leva em consideração quatro dimensões analíticas: dimensão econômica, dimensão cultural, dimensão política e dimensão ambiental. A característica diferencial desta proposição é que as dimensões selecionadas não serão trabalhadas, enquanto recursos teórico- metodológicos, de forma isolada, autônoma e independente uma das outras, como tem sido recorrente aos estudos do tema do “desenvolvimento da agricultura”. Contrário a essa perspectiva, propõe-se apreender as diferentes dimensões que dinamizam a expansão da atividade agrícola a partir das relações de interdependência que os agentes estabelecem entre si. O elemento central da análise é deslocado da unidade de cada dimensão (econômico, político, cultural) para o conjunto de relações que as dimensões selecionadas estabelecem entre si, formando um verdadeiro campo de relações de força, aqui definido como configurações sociais do processo de expansão das lavouras de soja. Palavras-chave: Expansão da soja; Mato Grosso; Sociedade e economia; Desenvolvimento rural. ABSTRACT The main effort of this work is to carry through a sociological analysis of the process of expansion of the soy farming in Savanna areas in direction to the areas of Amazonian Forest, with focus in the state of Mato Grosso, from the specific clipping of the process of acquisition of lands, that takes in consideration four analytical dimensions: economic dimension, cultural dimension, politics dimension and ambient dimension. The distinguishing characteristic of this proposal is that the selected dimensions will not be worked, as resources theoretician- methodology, of isolated form, independent one of the others, as has been recurrent to the studies of the subject of the “development of agriculture”. The opposite to this perspective, is considered to apprehend the different dimensions that dynamisms the expansion of the agricultural activity from the interdependence relations that the agents establish between itself. The central element of the analysis is dislocated from the unit of each dimension (economic, politician, cultural) for the set of relations that the selected dimensions establish between itself, forming a true field of force relations, defined here as social configurations of the process of expansion of the soy farming. Key words: Soy expansion, Mato Grosso State, Society and Economy, Rural Development. LISTA DE DIAGRAMAS Diagrama 1 Fluxo do mercado internacional de soja e seus derivados ....................... 244 Diagrama 2 Fluxo do mercado nacional de soja e seus derivados .............................. 245 LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 Distribuição da área plantada de soja em Mato Grosso, 1981 .......... 246 Figura 2 Distribuição da área plantada de soja em Mato Grosso, 1985 .......... 247 Figura 3 Distribuição da área plantada de soja em Mato Grosso, 1990 ......... 248 Figura 4 Distribuição da área plantada de soja em Mato Grosso, 1995 .......... 249 Figura 5 Distribuição da área plantada de soja em Mato Grosso, 2000 .......... 250 Figura 6 Distribuição da área plantada de soja em Mato Grosso, 2004 .......... 251 Figura 7 Mapa de Biomas - Mato Grosso ........................................................ 254 Figura 8 Representação do bioma Cerrado ...................................................... 137 Figura 9 Representação do bioma Floresta ...................................................... 138 Figura 10 Caracterização de relevo do Estado de Mato Grosso ........................ 255 Figura 11 Distribuição das Terras Indígenas em Mato Grosso ......................... 256 LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 1 Produção mundial de soja, série histórica .......................................... 257 Tabela 2 Produção mundial de soja: principais países produtores ..................... 257 Tabela 3 Distribuição da produção de soja no Brasil – Série 1940 a 1985 ........ 258 Tabela 4 Distribuição da produção de soja no Brasil – Série 1975 a 2005 ........ 259 Tabela 5 Produção de soja em Mato Grosso, série histórica .............................. 260 Tabela 6 Mato Grosso: Distribuição das lavouras de soja por Meso e Microrregiões geográficas ................................................................... 261 Tabela 7 Mato Grosso: principais produtos de lavoura temporária – 1978 a 2005 .................................................................................................... 262 Tabela 8 Distribuição das lavouras de soja por grupo de área, 1995/96 – Brasil, RS, PR, MT ............................................................................. 133 LISTA DE GRÁFICOS Gráfico 1 Consumo mundial de óleo vegetal e proteína em ração animal e produção de soja .......................................................................................................... 101 Gráfico 2 Produção Mundial de Soja: principais países produtores ............................ 252 Gráfico 3 Distribuição da produção de soja por regiões .............................................. 107 Gráfico 4 Mato Grosso: Área Plantada de Soja (ha), série histórica (1970 – 1979) .... 253 Gráfico 5 MT: Distribuição das lavouras de soja (ha) por mesorregião
Recommended publications
  • The Lost City of Z
    THE LOST CITY OF Z Written by James Gray Based on the book by David Grann WHITE DRAFT July 31, 2015 BLUE REVISIONS August 19, 2015 PINK REVISIONS August 24, 2015 YELLOW REVISIONS September 6,2015 GREEN REVISIONS September 30, 2015 GOLDENROD REV. October 18, 2015 BUFF REVISIONS OCTOBER 25th, 2015 LCOZ Productions, Ltd. THE LOST CITY OF Z White 7/31/15 * GRAY AND WHITE. * Our opening image is uneven lines of gray and white, * beautiful and abstract. * We HEAR WIND. * The CAMERA ZOOMS OUT to REVEAL: * 1 EXT. IRISH LANDSCAPE - LATE DAY 1 * A desolate-seeming, visually magnificent landscape. We were * looking at clouds, and they form glorious patterns in the * lowered sky. Like a painting by Lorraine, or Corot, or * Turner. * The horizon is dark, almost charcoal black. * A thin layer of fog drifts slowly across that abstract * surface. * As the FOG MOVES, it reveals: a MAN. * He has been running towards us. A silhouette. Like the rest * of the opening image, his appearance to us should conjure the * PRIMAL, the MYTHIC, the ELEMENTAL. It is as though he were * born out of this fog, this cosmic force. * He emerges from the fog. * It is PERCY HARRISON FAWCETT. * Thirties and handsome. Not exactly a youngster, but not * creaky and old, either. Strikes us as cheerful. A gentle * voice, an even manner. Despite his cheer and charm, however, * there is something steely about him, resolved, committed. * His eyes reveal a far more complex person than the exterior * might first allow; behind their twinkle there lurks a * capacity for furious wrath and implacable resolution, the * more dangerous because they are held in leash..
    [Show full text]
  • El Hinterland Sudamericano En Su Trágico Laberinto Fluvial: Reconstrucción Biogeográfica Y Etnopolítica O Su Hilo De Ariadna (*)
    1 El hinterland sudamericano en su trágico laberinto fluvial: reconstrucción biogeográfica y etnopolítica o su Hilo de Ariadna (*) Por Eduardo R. Saguier Museo Roca-CONICET http://www.er-saguier.org y la contribución cartográfica y digital del Arquitecto e historiador José Antonio Hoyuela Jayo Director del Seminario (TERYSOS, Valladolid, España) Resumen Palabras claves Agradecimientos Indice I.- Crisis nacional latinoamericana y análisis etnográficos y geológicos II.- Pueblos mesiánico-antropofágicos sin estado III.- Peregrinaciones chamánico-animistas IV.- Etnogénesis de la partición sudamericana y de su trágico hinterland V.- Reconstrucción biogeográfica y etnopolítica V-a.- Descubrimiento de varaderos y territorios amazónicos inexplorados VI.- Tratados que abrogan tratados y conflictividad crónica en las demarcaciones amazónico-chaqueñas VII.- Intentos de romper la dualidad biogeográfica y adquirir una nueva identidad espacial (1919-1980) VIII.- Rivalidad entre opciones integradoras y mutiladoras (1969-1998) IX.- Fatalismo geopolítico en espacios hidrográficos desintegrados (1919-2014) IX-a.- Congresos de ingenieros latinoamericanos y el hinterland fluvial X.- Integración biogeográfica pan-amazónica en oposición al modelo mutilador. X-a.- Obras hidráulicas y comparaciones históricas mundiales XI.- Esterilidad de las pugnas entre potencias regionales, malversaciones del BID- Banco Mundial y caracterización de las hidrovías de América Latina Apéndice-A.- Circuito laberíntico fluvial en el espacio amazónico-platino (Mapa I) A-I.- Primer
    [Show full text]
  • El Hinterland Sudamericano En Su Trágico Laberinto Fluvial: Reconstrucción Biogeográfica Y Etnopolítica O Su Hilo De Ariadna (Segunda Parte)
    Artigo original Hegemonia – Revista Eletrônica de Relações Internacionais do Centro Universitário Unieuro ISSN: 1809-1261 UNIEURO, Brasília, número Especial, 2016, pp. 121-174. Recebido em: 2/4/2016 Avaliado em: 1/5/2016 Aprovado em: 9/6/2016 El Hinterland Sudamericano en su Trágico Laberinto Fluvial: Reconstrucción Biogeográfica y Etnopolítica o su Hilo de Ariadna (Segunda Parte) Eduardo R. Saguier1 Resumen: La integración de las cuencas hidrográficas, la globalización del mercado interior, la recuperación de la memoria histórica por parte de los grupos étnicos avasallados, la integración etno-lingüística, la internacionalización de las hidrovías interiores y la construcción de obras hidráulicas en istmos o varaderos --cruciales para la navegación fluvial-- cumpliría entonces los sueños de un mar dulce interior surcado por múltiples, entrelazadas y competitivas hidrovías, que incrementaría el potencial económico, demográfico, lingüístico, y turístico de todo un sub- 1 Doutor em História. Docente e pesquisador do Museo Roca-CONICET. El autor agradece la contribución cartográfica y digital del Arquitecto e historiador José Antonio Hoyuela Jayo Director del Seminario (TERYSOS, Valladolid, España). Cabe consignar que este trabajo no hubiera sido posible sin el apoyo moral e intelectual de mi esposa María Cristina Mendilaharzu, de amigos como Juan Méndez Avellaneda y Mariana Canale Oliver, y de los parroquianos de un popular café palermitano. Asimismo, cabe relatar que este trabajo fue el feliz derivado de una obra colectiva centrada en la construcción de un relato historiográfico para una eventual audiovisual a elaborar, que luego fue deslizándose al estudio de la fiebre cauchera del siglo XIX, y desde este al boom del narcotráfico en el siglo XX, y finalmente, merced al conocimiento de los ríos de la cuenca amazónica recayó en los descubrimientos de Ernesto Baldasarri, Horacio Gallart y Gabriel del Mazo acerca de la frustrada vía hídrica entre Manaos y Buenos Aires.
    [Show full text]
  • Ref: RES 7/SS/5 31 May 1968
    Pan American Health Organization ADVISORY CCOMITTEE ON MEDICAL RESEARCH . Seventh Meeting Washington. D.C.. 24-28 June 1968 Special Session on: Biomedical Challenges Presented by the American Indian Item 5 MEDICAL PROBLEMS OF NEWLY-CONTACTED INDIAN GROUPS Ref: RES 7/SS/5 31 May 1968 Prepared by Dr. Noel Nutels, Servico Nacional de Tuberculose, Ministerio da Sadde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. RES 7/SS/5 MEDICAL PROBLEM OF NfWLY-CONTACTED INDIAN GROUPS 1. Before entering on the theme of this paper, we vould like to present a few questions on the meaning of"newly- contacted indian groupaS.. a) Ts ~iat period of time should this classific ation be objectively applied? 1b)Would not a group classified as newly - contacted have Bhad direct ou indirect con- tacts previously ignored?' c) How do we define a tribe that has had one and only one rapid contact, for example eighty years ago? d) How would we classify groups of indians who, living in isolation in their own primitive environment, have had during the last sixty years rare and intermittent contacts registae ed in brief encounters? 2. Our aim in this paper is to mention facts and to report on our personal experience. We do not intend nor desire to interpret these facts and this experience. 3. On considering the deficiencies of such a studwy it is necessary to take into account the difficulties -that prevail in this enormous and primitive region lacking in means of transportation and communication where a dispersed and almost extinct population still live as in the Stone Age. ~ 4.
    [Show full text]
  • 9–30 August 2017 Nziff.Co.Nz
    NELSON 9–30 AUGUST 2017 NZIFF.CO.NZ NZIFF0517_Nelson-1_1.indd 1 11/07/17 2:29 PM TICKET PRICES GENERAL INFORMATION ✪ OPENING FILM – My Year with Helen WEBSITE – www.nziff.co.nz Doors open at 7.30 pm. Film starts at 8.00 pm. Register on our website to customise your view of NZIFF, select your favourite films, send films to your friends, and create your own schedule. The site also features an at-a-glance » All tickets $25.00 planner that shows you exactly when each movie is scheduled to start and finish. A CODED SESSIONS Sessions starting after 5.00 pm weekdays and all weekend sessions. www.facebook.com/nzfilmfestival » Adults $16.50 www.twitter.com/nzff » Film Society/Students* $13.50 » Children (15 and under)/Senior Citizens (65+) $11.50 www.youtube.com/nzintfilmfestival B CODED SESSIONS Sessions starting before 5.00 pm weekdays. www.instagram.com/nziff » Adults/Film Society/Students $13.50 GENERAL ENQUIRIES » Senior Citizens (65+) $11.50 For daily screening times, phone State Cinemas Nelson Festival Information Line » Children (15 and under) $11.50 (03) 548 0808 *CONCESSION DISCOUNTS (Students/Film Society) CENSORSHIP CLASSIFICATION Students and Film Society members are entitled to purchase one ticket per session at the discount rate. Student/ Membership ID is required – please ensure you bring it with you to the venue to present to staff on request; failure to G – Suitable for general audiences do so will result in the full price being charged for attendance. The concession price is not available to those holding PG – Parental guidance recommended for younger viewers Film Society three-film sampler cards.
    [Show full text]
  • Terra Brasilis (Nova Série) Revista Da Rede Brasileira De História Da Geografa E Geografa Histórica
    Terra Brasilis (Nova Série) Revista da Rede Brasileira de História da Geografia e Geografia Histórica 14 | 2020 História da cartografia amazônica Histórias Escondidas nos Mapeamentos Fronteiriços Agências Indígenas nos Arquivos do Coronel Percy Harrison Fawcett Hidden Histories in Border Mappings: Indigenous Agencies in the Archives of Colonel Percy Harrison Fawcett Historias ocultas sobre el mapeo de fronteras: Agencias indígenas en los archivos del coronel Percy Harrison Fawcett Histoires cachées dans les mappages de frontières: Agences autochtones dans les archives du colonel Percy Harrison Fawcett André Reyes Novaes Edição electrónica URL: https://journals.openedition.org/terrabrasilis/7124 DOI: 10.4000/terrabrasilis.7124 ISSN: 2316-7793 Editora Rede Brasileira de História da Geografia e Geografia Histórica Refêrencia eletrónica André Reyes Novaes, «Histórias Escondidas nos Mapeamentos Fronteiriços», Terra Brasilis (Nova Série) [Online], 14 | 2020, posto online no dia 31 dezembro 2020, consultado o 02 agosto 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/terrabrasilis/7124 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/terrabrasilis.7124 Este documento foi criado de forma automática no dia 2 agosto 2021. © Rede Brasileira de História da Geografia e Geografia Histórica Histórias Escondidas nos Mapeamentos Fronteiriços 1 Histórias Escondidas nos Mapeamentos Fronteiriços Agências Indígenas nos Arquivos do Coronel Percy Harrison Fawcett Hidden Histories in Border Mappings: Indigenous Agencies in the Archives of Colonel Percy Harrison Fawcett Historias ocultas sobre el mapeo de fronteras: Agencias indígenas en los archivos del coronel Percy Harrison Fawcett Histoires cachées dans les mappages de frontières: Agences autochtones dans les archives du colonel Percy Harrison Fawcett André Reyes Novaes NOTA DO AUTOR A pesquisa foi realizada com o Apoio da CAPES, por meio do Programa de Professor Visitante no Exterior.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 SOUTH AMERICAN TROPICAL FOREST MATERIAL This Brief
    1 SOUTH AMERICAN TROPICAL FOREST MATERIAL This brief survey is intended as a general introduction to the collections and objects1 from the Native Peoples of the South American tropical forest region held by the Pitt Rivers Museum. No attempt has been made at any analysis of the material but rather this is a preliminary step to any future detailed study, as well as being an introduction to the collections. It has been necessary to make an arbitrary decision about where the boundaries of the tropical forest lie. For example, where does the tropical forest give way to the Andean region? It may be that some readers will regard certain groups that have been included here should not have been, and vice-versa. Likewise, by restricting the survey to the tropical forest rather than lowland South America, the peoples of the Gran Chaco and Pampas are excluded. One of the difficulties in preparing this survey has been deciding on the mode of presentation. Three possibilities were considered. The first, which was by collector, was quickly dismissed because, whereas there are a few major collectors, the great majority of collectors are associated with very few items or the identity of the collector is unknown. The Second possibility was to present it by ethnic group. This form had much in its favour as it reflected the native reality, but once again the ethnic provenance of many objects is unknown. The third way was by country. Although there are exceptions, in the majority of cases there is no doubt about which modern South American country any particular object came from; accordingly that is the scheme selected to order this survey.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomedical Challenges Presented by the American Indian
    INDEXED BIOMEDICAL CHALLENGES PRESENTED BY THE AMERICAN INDIAN PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 1968 iNDEXED BIOMEDICAL CHALLENGES PRESENTED BY THE AMERICAN INDIAN Proceedings of the Special Session held during the Seventh Meeting of the PAHO Advisory Committee on Medical Research 25 June 1968 ,-, ,. Scientific Publication No. 165 September 1968 PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 525 Twenty-third Street, N.W. Washington, D.C., 20037 NOTE At each meeting of the Pan American Health Organization Advisory Committee on Medical Research, a special one-day session is held on a topic chosen by the Committee as being of particular interest. At the Seventh Meeting, which convened in June 1968 in Washington, D.C., the session surveyed the origin, present distribution, and principal biological subdivisions of the American Indian and considered the specific scientific and medical issues calling for clarification, including the problems of newly contacted Indian groups and those of groups well along in transition. This volume records the papers presented and the ensuing discussions. '~, t PAHO ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON MEDICAL RESEARCH Dr. Hernán Alessandri Dr. Alberto Hurtado Ex-Decano, Facultad de Medicina Rector, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Universidad de Chile Lima, Perú Santiago, Chile Dr. Otto G. Bier Dr. Walsh McDermott Diretor, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imu- Chairman, Department of Public Health nologia Cornell University Medical College 4I Escola Paulista de Medicina New York, New York, U.S.A. Sao Paulo, Brasil Dr. Roberto Caldeyro-Barcia Dr. James V. Neel Jefe, Departamento de Fisiopatología Chairman, Department of Human Genetics Facultad de Medicina University of Michigan Medical School Universidad de la República Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Adventures: Percy Fawcett and the Lost City of Z
    Wild Adventures: Percy Fawcett and the Lost City of Z The Story of Percy Fawcett Percy Fawcett (born 1865) was an explorer from Torquay who disappeared (along with his son Jack and his son’s best friend Raleigh Rimell) in 1925 during an expedition to discover the Lost City of Z, in the jungles of Brazil, South America. Percy had heard from local tribes about the legend of an ancient city called Kuhikugu and found an old manuscript by a Portuguese explorer written in 1753. It described the ruins of a lost city that contained arches, a statue, and a temple with hieroglyphics, but no clues as to its exact location. After lots of research, Percy was determined to find what he called ‘The Lost City of Z’ but left strict instructions stating that if the expedition did not return, then no rescue expedition should be sent in case the rescuers suffered the same fate. Percy would have to be strong and brave if he were to complete this mission. He was venturing into unknown territory in the Amazon Rainforest, facing all kinds of unknown dangers; trekking hundreds of miles through difficult terrain (steep mountains; humid rainforest; wide, deep fast-flowing rivers; canyons); potentially hostile natives; and dangerous animals. Percy was an experienced traveller; he had explored much of Brazil and Bolivia, studied cartography (mapmaking) and was interested in wildlife and archaeology. The fearless threesome began their expedition from Cuiabá, Brazil on 20th April 1925. All we know since then is that Percy, Jack and Raleigh disappeared around May 1925, somewhere in in the Mato Grosso area of the Amazon rainforests, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • Endangered Languages and Languages in Danger IMPACT: Studies in Language and Society Issn 1385-7908
    IMPACT Endangered Languages studies and Languages in Danger in language Issues of documentation, policy, and language rights and Luna F i l i p o v i ´c society Martin Pütz 42 JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY Endangered Languages and Languages in Danger IMPACT: Studies in Language and Society issn 1385-7908 IMPACT publishes monographs, collective volumes, and text books on topics in sociolinguistics. The scope of the series is broad, with special emphasis on areas such as language planning and language policies; language conflict and language death; language standards and language change; dialectology; diglossia; discourse studies; language and social identity (gender, ethnicity, class, ideology); and history and methods of sociolinguistics. For an overview of all books published in this series, please see http://benjamins.com/catalog/impact General Editors Ana Deumert Kristine Horner University of Cape Town University of Sheffield Advisory Board Peter Auer Marlis Hellinger University of Freiburg University of Frankfurt am Main Jan Blommaert Elizabeth Lanza Ghent University University of Oslo Annick De Houwer William Labov University of Erfurt University of Pennsylvania J. Joseph Errington Peter L. Patrick Yale University University of Essex Anna Maria Escobar Jeanine Treffers-Daller University of Illinois at Urbana University of the West of England Guus Extra Victor Webb Tilburg University University of Pretoria Volume 42 Endangered Languages and Languages in Danger. Issues of documentation, policy, and language rights Edited by Luna Filipović and Martin Pütz Endangered Languages and Languages in Danger Issues of documentation, policy, and language rights Edited by Luna Filipović University of East Anglia Martin Pütz University of Koblenz-Landau John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of 8 the American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploration Fawcett: Journey to the Lost City of Z Free
    FREE EXPLORATION FAWCETT: JOURNEY TO THE LOST CITY OF Z PDF Percy Fawcett | 312 pages | 04 May 2010 | Overlook Press | 9781590204306 | English | New York, United States Exploration Fawcett : Journey to the Lost City of Z by Percy Fawcett | eBay Percy Fawcett was definitely a celebrity explorer who, in the 20th Century, captured the attention of the media world over. Fawcett was after the discovery of the much ancient civilization existing in Amazonia, the impenetrable forest. Everyone believed that the forest could host no civilization, however, Percy Fawcett believed that highly populous civilization existed, somewhere, deeper in the forests. According to his theory, civilization flourished in Pre-Columbia times. From his childhood times, he was fascinated by reading the stories of the remarkable explorers. He took Exploration Fawcett: Journey to the Lost City of Z from some of them like David Livingstone, who reached the heart of Africa. Besides, in the yearhe was commissioned as an officer of the Royal Artillery. He served the British colony of Ceylon it is now Sri Lankaand also spent his lone times seeking buried treasure and investigating archaeological ruins. He met his wife in Ceylon, itself, and married Exploration Fawcett: Journey to the Lost City of Z. Fawcett set out for South America in the year In his first journey to map the border between Brazil and Bolivia, he made several expeditions into the Amazon area. In his first few expeditions, he shot a meter anaconda; he also discovered the Double-nosed Andean Tiger Hound. In the year,as he studied the manuscript documents of an anonymous 18th Century Portuguese explorer.
    [Show full text]
  • Lost City of Z
    Lost City of Z (Questions) 1. What inspired Col. Percy Harrison Fawcett's obsessive search for Z... what evidence led him to believe the city was more than legend? 2. How does Grann portray Fawcett? What kind of a man was he? Would you describe him as a victim of his own obsession...as a romantic...a fool bent on his own destruction...a rational man of science...? 3. What are some of the legends that have surrounded Fawcett himself? To what do you attribute his place in popular culture over the years—and what does it say, both about Fawcett and ourselves, that he has maintained a hold on our collective imagination? 4. How did Fawcett differ from his rival, Alexander Hamilton Rice—especially in the approach to exploration? Were the two men evenly matched in skill and technology...or not? In what way did Rice, perhaps, represent the future of modern exploration? 5. What draws David Grann into the search for Fawcett—what initially sparks the author's fascination? Consider Grann's own difficulty in the Amazon, especially for a man who delights in air conditioning and fast food. Finally, what new information does Grann contribute to solving the mystery surrounding Fawcett's disappearance? 6. Where does Grann stand with regard to the existence of Z? What conclusions does he reach? Where do you stand? 7. What are some of the more surprising, even shocking, accounts of jungle exploration you found in this work? 8. Does this book remind you of other stories of those obsessed with adventure or other cultures: The Man Who Loved China...or Bill Bryson's misguided but humorous adventure on the Appalachian Trail? Any resemblance to fictional works ..
    [Show full text]