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Tromura 2018 TROMURA 2018 TROMSØ MUSEUMS RAPPORTSERIE NR. 46 Nyelv Nedre Vest Utgravning av hustufter og boplass fra yngre steinalder Anja Roth Niemi og Janne Oppvang Tromura Kulturhistorie nr. 46 2018 Tromsø Museum - Universitetsmuseet, UiT Norges Arktiske Universitet ISBN 978-82-7142-069-7 I SSN 1891 – 1943 Prosjektansvarlig TMU: Anja Roth Niemi Layout: Anja Roth Niemi Prosjektet er bekostet av Statens Vegvesen Foto: Tromsø Museum - UiT Norges Arktiske Universitet Kart og illustrasjoner: Monica Svendsen (MS), Anja Roth Niemi (ARN), Erik Kjellman (EK) Gjenstandsfoto: Erik Kjellman (EK) Fotogrammetri: Monica Svendsen og Erik Kjellman Trykkeri: Norbye & Konsepta AS, Tromsø Tekst, fotografier, illustrasjoner etc ©Tromsø Museum –Universitetsmuseet hvis ikke annet er oppgitt. Forsidefoto: Utgravning i Hus 11 på Nyelv Nedre Vest. Foto: Janne Oppvang, Tromsø Museum Baksidefoto: Utgravningsfeltet på Nyelv Nedre Vest. Sett mot N. Foto: Anja Roth Niemi, Tromsø Museum Nyelv Nedre Vest Utgravning av hustufter og boplass fra yngre steinalder Nyelv, Nesseby k., Finnmark f. Anja Roth Niemi og Janne Oppvang Lokalitet: Nyelv Nedre Vest og Gressbakken Nedre Øst Id.nr.: Id. 218889 (Nyelv Nedre Vest) og 26974 (Gressbakken Nedre Øst) Kulturminnetype: boplass fra steinalder Undersøkelsesår: 2016 Areal: Id. 218889: 896 m2 avtorvet, 174 m2 utgravd. Id. 26974: 1m2 utgravd Tiltakshaver: Statens Vegvesen Kommune: Nesseby Fylke: Finnmark Gnr/bnr: 3/1, 3/17 og 4/1 Kartfesting: UTM 33N X:1022700, Y: 7833415 (Id. 21889 Nyelv Nedre Vest) Feltleder: Janne Oppvang og Monica Svendsen Prosjektansvarlig: Anja Roth Niemi Rapport: Janne Oppvang og Anja Roth Niemi Dato: 9. januar 2018 Prosjektnr.: A49262 Ephorte: 2016/4706 Aksesjonsnr.: 2016/88 Fotobase: TSAD49 Gjenstandsbase: TS15420, TS15423, TS15424, TS15425 og TS15426. Sammendrag Prosjektet ble iverksatt som konsekvens av reguleringsplan for bygging av ny bru over Nyelv og utbedring av tilstøtende deler av E6. På Gressbakken Nedre Øst lå det berørte området rett ved eksisterende vegskjæring, hvor mye av opprinnelig terreng allerede var fjernet i forbindelse med tidligere vegbygging. Det ble foretatt en mindre undersøkelse her, uten at det framkom funn eller andre indikasjoner på fortidig aktivitet. På Nyelv Nedre Vest omfattet undersøkelsesområdet et inntil 10 meter bredt og 160 meter langt område langs E6 i den nordlige delen av lokaliteten. Like øst for dette ligger en ansamling hustufter, hvorav flere tidligere er undersøkte. I 2016 ble en tuft (Hus 11) utgravd i sin helhet, samt deler av vegg og gulv i en annen (Hus 9). Et større område nedenfor og mellom hustuftene ble undersøkt, men svært få strukturer og funn framkom. Hustuftene var også relativt fattige på funn, mest markant var forekomsten av små kvartsavslag, men det var også et mindre innslag slipt skifer. Dateringene viser at tuftene var i bruk i tidsrommet 2200-1600 f.Kr., med en hovedvekt på perioden 2200-1800 f.Kr. Hus 11 har karakteristika som tilsvarer den såkalte «Nyelv-tufta»: rektangulær gulvflate, indre areal på rundt 20-25 m2, oppbygd voll i forkant og nedgravning i bakkant, og et avlangt ildstedsanlegg orientert langs husets lengdeakse, bestående av to ildsteder som deles av en ansamling skjørbrente steiner. Nyelv- tuftene deler flere strukturelle trekk med de mer solide Gressbakken-tuftene, og var i bruk i samme tidsrom. Vi foreslår at de to typene tufter må sees som komplementære enheter innenfor samme kulturtradisjon, som trolig bør relateres til differensiert ressursutnyttelse og variasjoner i bosetningsmønsteret ved slutten av yngre steinalder og begynnelsen av tidlig metalltid. INNHOLD 1. INNLEDNING .................................................................................................................................1 Bakgrunnen for undersøkelsene ............................................................................................... 1 Gjennomføring ............................................................................................................................. 1 Ansvar og arbeidsomfang ...................................................................................................... 1 Undersøkelsesforhold ............................................................................................................ 2 Formidling ................................................................................................................................ 3 Beliggenhet ................................................................................................................................... 3 Omsøkte kulturminner ................................................................................................................ 3 2. FORSKNINGSHISTORIE ..................................................................................................................6 Nyelv Nedre Vest (id. 218889 og id. 60082) .............................................................................. 6 Oppdagelse og innledende undersøkelser 1937-1939 ..................................................... 6 Videreføring og nye gravinger 1957-58 ................................................................................ 8 Bosetningsspor, møddinger og grav 1978 ........................................................................ 11 Gressbakken Nedre Øst (id. 26974) ......................................................................................... 14 Utgravninger i 1957 .............................................................................................................. 14 Undersøkelse av mødding 1994.......................................................................................... 14 Implikasjoner for forståelsen av forhistoriske samfunn ....................................................... 16 3. PROBLEMSTILLING OG MÅLSETTING ........................................................................................18 4. UNDERSØKELSESMETODE OG DOKUMENTASJON ....................................................................19 Feltmetode .................................................................................................................................. 19 Målesystem ................................................................................................................................. 19 Digital dokumentasjon .............................................................................................................. 20 Prøveuttak .................................................................................................................................. 20 Katalogisering og rapport ......................................................................................................... 21 5. GRESSBAKKEN NEDRE ØST .........................................................................................................22 6. NYELV NEDRE VEST ....................................................................................................................24 Veggvoll og deler av gulv i Hus 9 ............................................................................................. 26 Stratigrafiske forhold og kontekster ................................................................................... 26 Gulv .................................................................................................................................... 27 Veggvoller .......................................................................................................................... 28 Inngangsparti .................................................................................................................... 29 Mulig ildsted ..................................................................................................................... 29 Funn ....................................................................................................................................... 29 Råstoff................................................................................................................................ 30 Gjenstander av stein ........................................................................................................ 30 Beinmaterialet .................................................................................................................. 32 i Funnspredning ...................................................................................................................... 32 Trekullprøver og dateringer ................................................................................................. 32 Oppsummering og tolkning ................................................................................................. 32 Anlegg ID 661 foran Hus 8, og området mellom Hus 9 og 11 .............................................. 37 Stratigrafiske forhold ............................................................................................................ 37 Funn ....................................................................................................................................... 39 Råstoff................................................................................................................................ 39 Gjenstander av stein ........................................................................................................ 39 Beinmaterialet .................................................................................................................. 41 Trekullprøver og dateringer
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