DOCSLIB.ORG

A New Multiflorous Species of Leymus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A New Multiflorous Species of Leymus Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 343–348. With 3 figures A new multiflorous species of Leymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) from western China LIAN-BING CAI* and TONG-LIN ZHANG Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining Qinghai 810008, China Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/159/2/343/2418371 by guest on 02 October 2021 Received 14 June 2007; accepted for publication 11 June 2008 A new species of Leymus section Racemosus, L. pluriflorus L.B.Cai & T.L.Zhang, is described and illustrated. It grows in the eastern part of Qinghai Province and the southern part of Gansu Province, China. It most closely resembles L. crassiusculus L.B.Cai, from which it differs in having longer rachis internodes, some pedicellate spikelets, more florets per spikelet, glabrous lemmas, shorter paleas and shorter anthers. It differs from all other Chinese species taxa in Leymus with regard to the large number (8–12) of florets in its spikelets, and from all species of Leymus in adjacent countries in having three to four spikelets per node. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 343–348. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: Poaceae – section Racemosus L.Zhi – taxonomy – Triticeae. INTRODUCTION With the increasing number of taxa, it has become increasingly complicated to distinguish between Leymus Hochst. is a perennial genus in Triticeae that them. For that reason, in 2004, we began a revision- has a high nutritional value for livestock. It was first ary study of Leymus. We began by examining her- described by Hochstetter (1848) who included only barium sheets of Leymus from 13 (CDBI, HNWP, one species in the genus. Since then, it has become KUN, LZU, NAS, PE, SAUT, SZ, WUK, XJA, XJBI, widely accepted (for example, Pilger, 1949, 1954; XJNU, YUKU) of the main Chinese herbaria for the Tzvelev, 1960, 1976; Löve & Löve, 1961; Melderis, appropriate area. Among these specimens, we found 1980; Barkworth & Atkins, 1984; Dewey, 1984; Löve, seven puzzling samples. They had been identified 1984; Kuo & Tsui, 1987) and has expanded to approxi- as L. crassiusculus L.B.Cai, L. secalinus (Georgi) mately 50 species. Many of the most recently Tzvelev and L. ovatus (Trin.) Tzvelev in different described species are Chinese (Yen & Yang, 1983; herbaria (HNWP, LZU, PE, SAUT), but exhibited no Sun, Yen & Yang, 1992; Wu, 1992; Yang, 1994; Cai, differences in overall morphology from each other, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001; Cui, 1996, 1998; Zhi & Cai, and were significantly different from each of the three 2006), the number recognized in the Chinese flora species in which they had been placed. In addition, having increased from nine in 1987 (Kuo & Tsui, based on existing floras and information from experts 1987) to the 24 species currently recognized (Chen & in the field, they differed from all currently recognized Zhu, 2006). In addition, two species, L. kopetdaghen- species of Leymus. This suggested that the seven sis (Roshev.) Tzvelev and L. bruneostachyus N.R.Cui specimens represented a new taxon. & D.F.Cui, were omitted from the Flora of China Because the seven specimens came from areas near (English edition), and one species, L. oblongolemma- our institution, in the autumn of 2005, we conducted tus L.Zhi & L.B.Cai, was described after its publica- field studies in the areas in which they had been tion (Zhi & Cai, 2006). Thus, there are now 27 species, collected. These confirmed that the specimens be- at least one-half of the global species, known from longed to a single species, growing mainly on moun- China, and most are found in western China. tain slopes, roadsides and margins of woodlands from 2310 to 3250 m and flowering and setting seed about *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] 15 days later than the other species of Leymus in the © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 343–348 343 344 L.-B. CAI and T.-L. ZHANG Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/159/2/343/2418371 by guest on 02 October 2021 Figure 1. Leymus pluriflorus L.B.Cai & T.L.Zhang (L. B. Cai & B. H. Ma L05, HNWP): A, plant; B, junction of sheath and blade to show ligule; C, spikelet; D, lower glume; E, upper glume; F, dorsal view of the first floret; G, ventral view of the first floret; H, anthers; I, caryopsis. Scale bar: A, 12 mm; B, C, 5 mm; D–I, 3.3 mm. region. Morphologically, the seven specimens bore Consequently, these specimens are presented here as some resemblance to L. crassiusculus, L. secalinus a new species. and L. ovatus, but differed from all three in having pedicellate spikelets, glabrous lemmas, longer lower DESCRIPTION lemmas and paleas that were markedly shorter than the lemmas. They differed from all other Chinese LEYMUS PLURIFLORUS L.B.CAI & T.L.ZHANG, species of Leymus in having 8–12 florets per spikelet, SP. NOV. (FIG.1) and from all known species of Leymus in adjacent Type: China. Qinghai Province: Xining, Xi Mts., near countries in having three to four spikelets per node. the Xining Botanical Garden, 36°36′N, 101°46′E, on © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 343–348 NEW MULTIFLOROUS SPECIES OF LEYMUS 345 mountain slopes, 2320 m, 25.viii.2005, L. B. Cai & nous, 1.5–2.5 mm long, usually premorse at the apex; B. H. Ma L02 (holotype: HNWP!; isotype: PE!). blades flat or margins involute, usually 10–28 cm long, 5–7 mm wide, occasionally uppermost blades Diagnosis: Species nova L. crassiusculo L.B.Cai less than 5 cm long, both surfaces glabrous. SPIKES proxima, a quo differt spicis sub maturitate viridulis erect, greenish in fruit, slightly crowded, 13–20 cm (non brunneolis), internodiis rhachidium plerumque long, 1.2–2.4 cm wide; rachis densely pubescent, 9–18 mm longis (non 4–10 mm), spiculis partim rachis internodes generally 9–18 mm long or some- pedunculatis et 8–12-flosculis (non omnibus sessilibus times basal ones up to 28 mm. SPIKELETS usually in et 4–7-flosculis), lemmatibus dorso glabris (non threes or fours at each node of the rachis, sessile or pubescentibus), lemmate primo 10–14 mm longo (non pedicellate at the same node, slightly compressed, 8–10 mm), paleis apice bifidis et lemmatibus vulgo 1.4–2.8 cm long (excluding pedicel), with 8–12 florets; Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/159/2/343/2418371 by guest on 02 October 2021 evidenter brevioribus (non retusis et vulgo lemmate pedicels densely pubescent, 1–5 mm long; rachilla subaequantibus), antheris purpurascentibus et 3.5– internodes 1.0–1.5 mm long, densely puberulent; 4.0 mm longis (non flavis et c. 5 mm). glumes herbaceous, linear-lanceolate, one-nerved, glabrous on the back, sparsely ciliolate at the margins Description: Perennial herbs with rhizomes. CULMS of upper half, gradually tapering into an awn, nearly erect or slightly geniculate below, loosely caespitose equal, 11–15 mm long, 0.7–1.3 mm wide; lemmas lan- or solitary, 65–120 cm tall, 2.0–4.0 mm in diameter, ceolate, glabrous on the back, pilose along or near the three- to four-noded, glabrous or occasionally pubes- margin, distinctly five-nerved at the upper part, first cent just below the spike. LEAF SHEATHS longer or lemma 10–14 mm long, with a short awn 2–3 mm shorter than the internodes, glabrous or the lower long at the apex; callus obtuse, with 0.5–1.0 mm long sheaths sometimes pubescent, the basal sheaths per- hairs; paleas usually shorter than the lemmas by sistent, disintegrating into fibres; ligules membra- 0.5–1.5 mm, two-keeled, sparsely spinulate along the Figure 2. Distribution map of Leymus pluriflorus L.B.Cai & T.L.Zhang (filled circles) in China. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 343–348 346 L.-B. CAI and T.-L. ZHANG KEY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF LEYMUS PLURIFLORUS L.B.CAI & T.L.ZHANG 1. Spikelets in fours to sixes in the middle part of the spike; plants usually over 100 cm tall 1.1 Spikelets 8–12-flowered; lemmas glabrous on the back, the first lemma 10–14 mm long............................. ......................................................................................................................Leymus pluriflorus 1.2 Spikelets four- to seven-flowered; lemmas densely pubescent on the back, the first lemma 8–10 mm long..... ..................................................................................................................Leymus crassiusculus 2. Spikelets in twos or threes in the middle part of the spike; plants usually under 100 cm tall 2.1 Glumes equal to or longer than the spikelet; rachis hispid on the margins 2.1.1 Spikes 1.5–2.5 cm wide, elliptic or oblong-ovoid; spikelets divergent from the rachis, five- to seven- flowered .........................................................................................................Leymus ovatus 2.1.2 Spikes 0.4–0.7 cm wide, narrowly linear; spikelets appressed to the rachis, three- to five-flowered....... Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/159/2/343/2418371 by guest on 02 October 2021 .......................................................................................................Leymus kopetdaghensis 2.2 Glumes distinctly shorter than the spikelet; rachis spinulate or pilose on the margins 2.2.1 Glumes lanceolate, 4–7 mm long; lemmas oblong-lanceolate, obscurely three-nerved.......................... ....................................................................................................Leymus oblongolemmatus 2.2.2 Glumes subulate-linear or lanceolate-linear, 8–15 mm long; lemmas lanceolate, five-nerved 2.2.2.1 Lemmas glabrous on the back; paleas slightly shorter than the lemma; sheaths densely pubescent................................................................................Leymus bruneostachyus 2.2.2.2 Lemmas spinulate or pubescent on the back; paleas subequal to the lemma; sheaths glabrous ......................................................................................................Leymus secalinus upper keels, glabrous between the keels, apically soils that are reddish and sandy to clayey.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny in Hystrix (Poaceae, Triticeae) and Related Genera Inferred from Giemsa C-Banded Karyotypes
    Genetics and Molecular Biology, 32, 3, 521-527 (2009) Copyright © 2009, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética. Printed in Brazil www.sbg.org.br Research Article Genetic diversity and phylogeny in Hystrix (Poaceae, Triticeae) and related genera inferred from Giemsa C-banded karyotypes Hai-Qin Zhang1,2, Rui-Wu Yang3, Li Zhang3, Chun-Bang Ding3, Jian Zeng1 and Yong-Hong Zhou1,2 1Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China. 2Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China. 3College of Biology and Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China. Abstract The phylogenetic relationships of 15 taxa from Hystrix and the related genera Leymus (NsXm), Elymus (StH), Pseudoroegneria (St), Hordeum (H), Psathyrostachys (Ns), and Thinopyrum (E) were examined by using the Giemsa C-banded karyotype. The Hy. patula C-banding pattern was similar to those of Elymus species, whereas C-banding patterns of the other Hystrix species were similar to those of Leymus species. The results suggest high genetic diversity within Hystrix, and support treating Hy. patula as E. hystrix L., and transferring Hy. coreana, Hy. duthiei ssp. duthiei and Hy. duthiei ssp. longearistata to the genus Leymus. On comparing C-banding patterns of Elymus species with their diploid ancestors (Pseudoroegneria and Hordeum), there are indications that certain chro- mosomal re-arrangements had previously occurred in the St and H genomes. Furthermore, a comparison of the C-banding patterns of the Hystrix and Leymus species with the potential diploid progenitors (Psathyrostachys and Thinopyrum) suggests that Hy. coreana and some Leymus species are closely related to the Ns genome of Psathyrostachys, whereas Hy.
    [Show full text]
  • Elytrigia and Elymus (Agropyron)
    Plant Crib ELYTRIGIA AND ELYMUS (AGROPYRON) 1. General There are number of problems which can cause confusion in these genera, though the species are themselves usually quite distinct. i) Changes in nomenclature. The current names and recent synonymy are as follows: Elymus caninus (L.) L. (Agropyron caninum) Elytrigia atherica (Link) Kerguélen ex Carreras Mart. (Elymus pycnanthus; Agropyron pungens) Elytrigia juncea (L.) Nevski (Elymus farctus; Agropyron junciforme) Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski (Elymus repens; Agropyron repens) Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst. (Elymus arenarius) ii) Plants with awns. Plants of Elytrigia repens with awns are quite common and tend to be recorded as Elymus caninus by the unwary (when the florets of the latter drop or are pulled off, the two glumes stay attached to the stem, but come off with the floret in Elytrigia repens). Elytrigia atherica may also have awns. iii) Both Elytrigia repens and E. atherica may grow on saltmarshes and adjacent banks, especially in the north, and are frequently confused by the unwary if it is assumed only the latter occurs on saltmarshes. iv) Hybrids may be locally frequent near the coast (e.g. E. ´ drucei seems to be much more common in Cumbria than E. atherica, which may not occur at all; Halliday 1997). When the jizz of the parents is known, hybrids can be picked out as intermediate from a few metres away. v) The hairs on the margins of the leaf sheaths may rub off late in the season. In the following rather unsatisfactory key (updated from Wigginton & Graham 1981) an attempt has been made to key out the hybrids, which as a rule have empty anthers.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome Analysis of South American Elymus (Triticeae) and Leymus (Triticeae) Species Based on Variation in Repeated Nucleotide Sequences
    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Genome analysis of South American Elymus (Triticeae) and Leymus (Triticeae) species based on variation in repeated nucleotide sequences. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54w48156 Journal Genome, 40(4) ISSN 0831-2796 Authors Dubcovsky, J Schlatter, AR Echaide, M Publication Date 1997-08-01 DOI 10.1139/g97-067 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Genome analysis of South American Elymus (Triticeae) and Leymus (Triticeae) species based on variation in repeated nucleotide sequences Jorge DU~COVS~~,A.R. Schlatter, and M. Echaide Abstract: Variation in repeated nucleotide sequences (RNSs) at the level of entire families assayed by Southern blot hybridization is remarkably low within species and is a powerful tool for scrutinizing the origin of allopolyploid taxa. Thirty-one clones from RNSs isolated from different Triticeae genera were used to investigate the genome constitution of South American Elymus. One of these clones, pHch2, preferentially hybridized with the diploid H genome Hordeum species. Hybridization of this clone with a worldwide collection of Elymus species with known genome formulas showed that pHch2 clearly discriminates Elymus species with the H genome (StH, StHH, StStH, and StHY) from those with other genome combinations (Sty, StStY, StPY, and StP). Hybridization with pHch2 indicates the presence of the H genome in all South American Elymus species except Elymus erianthus and Elymus mendocinus. Hybridization with additional clones that revealed differential restriction fragments (marker bands) for the H genome confirmed the absence of the H genome in these species. Differential restriction fragments for the NS genome of Psathyrostachys were detected in E.
    [Show full text]
  • Soil Ecology of the Exotic Dune Grass Leymus Arenarius
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2018 Soil ecology of the exotic dune grass Leymus arenarius. Matthew L. Reid University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Botany Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Reid, Matthew L., "Soil ecology of the exotic dune grass Leymus arenarius." (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2995. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/2995 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SOIL ECOLOGY OF THE EXOTIC DUNE GRASS LEYMUS ARENARIUS By Matthew L. Reid B.A. Hendrix College, 2009 M.S. University of Louisiana at Monroe, 2013 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology Department of Biology University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky May 2018 SOIL ECOLOGY OF THE EXOTIC DUNE GRASS LEYMUS ARENARIUS By Matthew L. Reid B.A. Hendrix College, 2009 M.S. University
    [Show full text]
  • Beardless Wildrye (Leymus Triticoides) Plant Guide
    Plant Guide reptiles, rodents and other small mammals (McAdoo et BEARDLESS WILDRYE al., 2006; Olson, 2001). Leymus triticoides (Buckl.) Pilger Ethnobotanical: Beardless wildrye seed was used Plant Symbol = LETR5 historically by Native Americans as meal, or pinole (Chesnut, 1902). Contributed by: USDA NRCS Lockeford Plant Materials Center, California & Bridger Plant Materials Center, Status Montana Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g., threatened or endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values). Description General: Grass Family (Poaceae). Beardless wildrye is a cool-season, perennial, sod-forming native grass. It grows 18 to 51 inches tall (45-130 cm) and is strongly rhizomatous (Hickman, 1993). Stems are usually smooth, but are occasionally hairy. Leaf blades are green to blue- green, stiff and flat early in the growth season, becoming rolled later in the year, and are 0.1 to 0.2 inch wide (2.5-4 mm). The spike is narrow and 2 to 7.9 inches long (5-20 cm), with typically two or more spikelets occurring per node, except for occasional single spikelets near the top. Photo by Anna Young-Mathews, Lockeford PMC Glumes and lemmas are sharp pointed, and lemmas are Alternate Names generally tipped with an approximately 0.1 inch (3 mm) Creeping wildrye, alkali ryegrass, valley wild rye, Elymus awn. triticoides Identification: Beardless wildrye hybridizes with Leymus Uses condensatus, L. mollis and L. cinereus. It may be Beardless wildrye is primarily used for soil stabilization, confused with western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) especially along channel or river banks, and for wildlife due to their similar habitat and growth habit (OSU habitat in wetland and riparian plantings.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Ranges of Plant Species in the Monsoon Zone of the Russian Far East
    In: Horizons in Earth Science Research, Volume 3 ISBN: 978-1-61122-197-8 Editors: Benjamin Veress and Jozsi Szigethy © 2011 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. The exclusive license for this PDF is limited to personal website use only. No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted commercially in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. Chapter 2 ECOLOGICAL RANGES OF PLANT SPECIES IN THE MONSOON ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST Vitaly P. Seledets1* and Nina S. Probatova2 1Pacific Institute of Geography FEB RAS, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia 2Institute of Biology and Soil Science FEB RAS, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia ABSTRACT The monsoon zone covers a considerable part of the Russian Far East (RFE), which includes the Kamchatka Peninsula, Sakhalin, the Kurile Islands, the continental coasts and islands of the Bering Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, the Sea of Japan, and the Amur River basin. The problem of biodiversity in the monsoon zone is connected to species adaptations, speciation and florogenesis, the formation of plant communities, vegetation dynamics, and population structure. Our concept of the ecological range (ecorange, ER) of plant species (Seledets & Probatova 2007b) is aimed at adaptive strategies in the RFE monsoon zone compared with Inner Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Lyme Grass Photos and ID
    INVASIVE SPECIES PROFILE: lyme grass ( Leymus arenarius ) Also known as sand rye grass, wild rye, blue lyme grass, and blue dune grass. Description This perennial grass can grow to 2-4 feet in height. Each evergreen leaf is bright, light blue to blue-green in color and about 12 inches long and 1/2 inch wide. Flowers are dense spikes that are blue-green in early summer and turn dark beige later in the year. Look-alikes The blue leaves often stand out clearly among the green leaves of the native American dune grass ( Ammophila breviligulata ). Lyme grass also has bigger seeds, tougher blades and stiffer seed stalk. Lyme grass could also be confused with wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus). While wheatgrass has a blue leaf blade, lyme grass has wider leaves, greater then 1/16 of an inch, while the wheatgrass leaves are smaller than 1/16 of an inch and curl inward to appear much smaller. Impacts & Habitat This plant is an ornamental grass native to Europe and Asia. It spreads primarily by underground stems (rhizomes), but also reproduces by seed. This grass can grow in most habitats, although it prefers well-drained sandy soil and full sun. It can handle extremes of heat and cold, and it is drought resistant. This plant is sold as an ornamental, and is used to control erosion. However, it can quickly become invasive on dunes. Of particular concern in the Great Lakes area is its ability to stabilize naturally shifting sand dunes of the Great Lakes. Control Mechanical removal is not effective because new plants sprout from rhizomes and root fragments left in the soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Lay of the Land I
    Laojunshan National Park. Photo by Xu Jian PART 1: LAY OF THE LAND I. Biodiversity This part of the book provides context for land protection efforts in China aimed at protecting biodiversity. Chapter I, Biodiversity, provides an overview of the country’s wealth of species and ecosystem values. Because ample existing literature thoroughly documents China’s biodiversity resources, this chapter does not delve into great detail. Rather, it provides a brief overview of species diversity, and then describes the locations, types, and conservation issues associated with each major ecosystem. Chapter II, Land Use, identifies the locations and trends in land use across the country, such as urbanization, livestock grazing, forest uses, and energy development, which can affect multiple ecosystems. Not surprisingly, China’s flora and fauna are experiencing ever- increasing impacts as a result of China’s unprecedented economic growth and exploding demand for natural resources. Thus, new and strengthened land protection efforts are required to ensure the persistence of China’s rich biodiversity heritage (see Part 3, Land Protection in Practice). A. Species Diversity Terrestrial biodiversity in China is among the highest in the world, and research and inventories of the distribution and status of the country’s biodiversity are fairly comprehensive. China is home to 15% of the world’s vertebrate species including wildlife such as the Yunnan golden monkey, black-necked crane, and the iconic giant panda. China also accounts for 12% of all plant species in the world, ranked third in the world for plant diversity with 30,000 species (Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1992) (Li et al., 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Elymus Californicus
    New Crop Elymus californicus California Bottlebrush Grass Jessica Jeney Image source: http://www.coastalzone-ca.com/photoalbum.htm Taxonomy Scientific name: Elymus Californicus Synonyms: Leymus californicus, Hystrix californicus Common name: California Bottlebrush Grass Family: Grasses - Poaceae Geographic Distribution Continent: North America Country: United States State: California Latitude: 48 N Altitude: 15-470 meters General Climactic Conditions: Zone 5 hardy, drought tolerant, prefers dry shade in woodland or riparian setting. Tendency to naturalize or become invasive: No tendency for invasiveness found; this plant is native and endemic to California. Image sources: http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi- bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8738,8964,8966 and http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ELCA10 Native Habitat Habitat: Native and endemic to California; included on CNPS Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants on list 4.3 for limited distribution. Riparian habitat. North Coast, Outer North Coast Ranges, n Central Coast, San Francisco Bay Area (Santa Cruz Mountains). This is a grass that prefers woodland and understory regions, thriving in dappled shade to some shade. Plant Communities: North Coastal Coniferous Forest, Closed-cone Pine Forest, Redwood Forest, Douglas-Fir Forest, Mixed Evergreen Forest, Foothill woodland Taxonomic Description Overall Plant Habit/ Description: Classified as a monocot perennial herb, Elymus californicus is a wild rye species with an upright grass with growth potential ranging from 1-2 meters in height with a nearly naked stem that occasionally bears sheathing leaves with 10-20cm blades. Gramenoid growth habit; spreads slightly from base. Root System Type: Fibrous, rhizominous Presence/Type of Underground Storage Organs: None Leaves: stiff basal sheath hairs, slender; blade 10-20mm wide and flat.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Structure of Eurasian and North American Leymus (Triticeae) Wildryes Assessed by Chloroplast DNA Sequences and AFLP Profiles
    Plant Syst Evol (2011) 294:207–225 DOI 10.1007/s00606-011-0455-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Genetic structure of Eurasian and North American Leymus (Triticeae) wildryes assessed by chloroplast DNA sequences and AFLP profiles C. Mae Culumber • Steven R. Larson • Kevin B. Jensen • Thomas A. Jones Received: 30 September 2010 / Accepted: 2 April 2011 / Published online: 18 May 2011 Ó Springer-Verlag (outside the USA) 2011 Abstract Leymus is a genomically defined allopolyploid six North American taxa and four Eurasian taxa, had more of genus Triticeae with two distinct subgenomes. Chloro- than 98% bootstrap confidence with 0.071 and 0.055 plast DNA sequences of Eurasian and North American D among taxa. Three other Eurasian taxa clustered with species are distinct and polyphyletic. However, phyloge- 79% and 89% confidence, with up to 0.79 D between taxa. nies derived from chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences These estimates provide benchmarks for phylogenetic are confounded by polyploidy and lack of polymorphism comparisons of AFLP profiles, but three taxa could not be among many taxa. The AFLP technique can resolve phy- reliably grouped, which may reflect concurrent radiation of logenetic relationships between closely related species, multiple lineages or lack of homologous AFLP characters with a curvilinear relationship expected between the pro- caused by a high D. portion of shared bands and nucleotide substitution rate (D), up to about 0.100 D. The objective of this study was to Keywords Triticeae Á Chloroplast Á AFLP Á Leymus Á compare D and phylogenetic relationships among 16 Nucleotide sequence divergence Á Hybrid species Leymus taxa, based on chloroplast DNA sequences and multi- locus AFLP genotypes.
    [Show full text]
  • Wetlands in Russia
    WETLANDS IN RUSSIA Volume 4 Wetlands in Northeastern Russia Compiled by A.V.Andreev Moscow 2004 © Wetlands International, 2004 All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism, or review (as permitted under the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988) no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright holder. The production of this publication has been generously supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, The Netherlands Citation: Andreev, A.V. 2004. Wetlands in Russia, Volume 4: Wetlands in Northeastern Russia. Wetlands International–Russia Programme.198 pp. ISBN 90-5882-024-6 Editorial Board: V.O.Avdanin, V.G.Vinogradov, V.Yu. Iliashenko, I.E.Kamennova, V.G.Krivenko, V.A.Orlov, V.S.Ostapenko, V.E.Flint Translation: Yu.V.Morozov Editing of English text: D. Engelbrecht Layout: M.A.Kiryushkin Cover photograph: A.V.Andreev Designed and produced by KMK Scientific Press Available from: Wetlands International-Russia Programme Nikoloyamskaya Ulitsa, 19, stroeniye 3 Moscow 109240, Russia Fax: + 7 095 7270938; E-mail: [email protected] The presentation of material in this publication and the geographical designations employed do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Wetlands International, concerning the legal status of any territory or area,
    [Show full text]
  • Leymus Innovatus (Beal.) Plig
    Scientific Name: Leymus innovatus (Beal.) Plig. Family: Poaceae Common Names: hairy wildrye, fuzzyspike wildrye, boreal wildrye Phenology Greens up in March and April (Alberta), flowers in June to July also into September in Montana (Williams 1990). Pollination Wind pollinated. Seed Dispersal Mostly by gravity with help from the wind and occasionally by animals (Williams 1990). Elymus innovates in anthesis Genetics Plant Description 2n=28, 56 (Moss 1983). Tufted, perennial grass forming slender creeping rhizomes. Culms are mostly 40 to 100 cm tall. Symbiosis Leaves firm, flat, 2 to 5 mm wide, glabrous beneath, No literature found. scabrous above, often glaucous; ligule truncate, 0.5 mm long or less, auricles long, prominent and Seed Processing claw-like. Spike 4 to 10 cm long, rather dense, Collection: Seed heads can be harvested by hand and purplish or grey villose. Glumes narrow, densely dried in the sun (Burton and Burton 2003). villose; Lemmas broader and coarsely villose; awns Seed Weight: 18 g/1,000 seeds (Burton and Burton mostly 1 to 4 mm long (Moss 1983). 2003). 392 PLS/g (Hammermeister 1998). Seed: Approximately 1 cm long and 0.2 cm wide, Harvest Dates: Late July to early August. pale, lenticular (Burton and Burton 2003). Cleaning: Use a fanning mill (prescreen 2.5 x 19 mm slot; top screen 4 x 19 slot; bottom blank) followed Habitat and Distribution by a vacuum separator to remove dust and chaff Open woodlands in deciduous and coniferous forests (Burton and Burton 2003). or in montane grasslands (Tannas 1997). Storage: Store cool and dry in airtight containers.
    [Show full text]