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Kenneth Smoot Kenneth Ohio Chester, West October: 8. www.usatoday.com/money/top25-leaders.htm www.usatoday.com/money/top25-leaders.htm 8.

Leah Raymond Leah California Forest, Lake Studios, Sound California September: 1.2440240?pagereq=2 1.2440240?pagereq=2

Bruce Lithimane Bruce Michigan Southfield, Ford, Avis August: 7. www.themsj.com/black-business-leaders-in-america- www.themsj.com/black-business-leaders-in-america- 7.

Matt Kalinowski Matt York New York, New Inc., Daughter, Carol’s July: Morgan.htm Morgan.htm

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February: Shima Seiki U.S.A. INC., Monroe Twp., New Jersey New Twp., Monroe INC., U.S.A. Seiki Shima February: 3. http://encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-2062 http://encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-2062 3.

Boston, Massachusetts Boston, California Monica, Santa Pier, Monica Santa January: . www.nndb.com/people/679/000121316/ 2.

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Celebrating innovation Leading the next generation of business

2012 Aetna African American History Calendar Celebrating 31 years of African American accomplishments A Rich History In Business

Throughout history, African American entrepreneurs 1809: Elleanor Eldridge went to live 1810: The African Insurance 1818: Thomas Day of North with her sister in Adams, Mass. While Company of Philadelphia is the first Carolina is considered the first widely have had a critical impact on the landscape of American there, she and her siblings started black-owned insurance company in known furniture and cabinetmaker in business. This timeline will introduce you to some of a business of weaving, washing and the United States.17 the United States.17 21 the most groundbreaking and inspiring business soap boiling. achievements of the last 200+ years. >>

Believe It Is Possible

Starting, running and growing a business, especially We traveled across the country to gain perspectives Aetna is pleased to present the 31st annual at a young age, takes passion, energy, drive, from young entrepreneurs who, despite humble African American History Calendar, celebrating the innovation and momentum. beginnings, have already earned millions, sold and remarkable ambition of young entrepreneurs who purchased businesses, formed foundations to are working day and night to make a difference in The 14 young entrepreneurs honored in the support youth, authored books, and even had their the communities where they live and work. 31st annual edition of the Aetna African American faces pictured on credit cards. History Calendar all believed it was possible to do something extraordinary with their lives. They are amazing and bright individuals who have leveraged the advancement of technology to further They were born with an entrepreneurial spirit. Many their dreams and advance their success. As leaders entered into business for themselves before the age for the next generation of business, these young of 10. They found ways to make money early on — entrepreneurs are at the top of the pack among selling items such as hand-painted rocks, lotions and their peers. perfumes, music lessons, clothing and jewelry; and doing yard work for neighbors. PASSION • ENERGY • DRIVE INNOVATION • MOMENTUM

Ingenuity and Innovation Continue with Today’s Young Entrepreneurs By Juliet E.K. Walker, Ph.D.

Documented African American history primarily focuses on the fight for racial equality by political activists and social reformers. Absent in historical records, however, are African Americans who forged and encouraged economic liberation through entrepreneurship and business enterprise. Blacks also were involved in international trade. In 1784, Paul Cuffe became Many of them, some of whom are profiled in this calendar, have capitalized the first black to sail as master of his own ship. By 1806, he had a fleet of on the evolution of information technology to provide them with a global Throughout history, business ingenuity and innovation have driven and five ships transporting commodities to and from the West Indies, Africa, customer base. inspired black business development and expansion. This continues today with England, Sweden and Russia. the abundance of young entrepreneurs bringing business ideas to reality, This millennial generation of entrepreneurs is well educated and well establishing new business categories, leveraging creative ingenuity and African American women also have a historic tradition in business dating versed. They start young and maintain momentum until success is conquering unforeseen challenges. back to Colonial times. They established domestic and personal service achieved. Many are millionaires before turning 20 years old. They are enterprises. The Remond sisters established a hair salon and wig factory passionate pioneers — just as their ancestors who came before them — Black business history dates back to Colonial America. Until the Civil War, in Massachusetts; as well as manufactured medicated hair tonics, which on a quest to make the world a better place. both slaves and free blacks worked as business owners in the preindustrial generated substantial mail order sales. Elizabeth Keckley, the dressmaker mainstream business community. for Mary Todd Lincoln, owned a Washington, D.C., haute couture fashion house that employed many female black seamstresses. In New Orleans, Dr. Juliet E.K. Walker is founder and director of the Center for Black Business History, Entrepreneurship and Technology at the University of Texas at Austin, where she The most successful black businesspeople were wholesale and retail in the 1850s, Madame Macarty owned a railroad depot worth more also serves as a history professor. merchants, as well as lumber and coal merchants. Some were commission than $155,000. brokers, as well as manufacturers. Blacks also owned steamships and railroad cars. Others invested in government, and commercial stocks and Since that time, much progress has been made by young black entrepreneurs. bonds. Several achieved wealth in excess of $100,000, particularly those They are at the forefront of developing successful enterprises inside and who owned large real estate holdings and plantations. outside the home.

2012 Aetna African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericanhistorycalendar.com Hamet Watt thrives on transforming innovative ideas “bLife’s mission is to develop engaging and eff ective Watt advocates for the use of science in behavior Hamet Watt into successful companies. His focus has always been science-based tools that enable people to lead change. “The last decade of research now provides on fi nding creative ways to solve big problems. healthier and happier lives,” said Watt. “When clear data showing that improving psychological well- Cofounder we realized there were not a lot of elegant tools being not only benefi ts quality of life, it is strongly bLife, Inc. “I have always been drawn to the creativity and available to help people with their personal growth, correlated with physiological health and wellness.” innovation opportunity associated with being an we decided to get smart and build a service to Santa Monica, CA entrepreneur,” said 40-year-old Watt. “I also love help people thrive.” As Watt continues his serial entrepreneurial journey, building great teams that can work together to he plans to inspire young people. Some words of tackle major challenges.” With its centralized platform, bLife tracks and advice: “Find your passion, be fearless, work with manages life goals, provides personality assessments great people and address real issues.” He spent many successful years working in the venture with other behavioral tools, and off ers interaction capital, media and entertainment industries. His most among users. “This is one place where people can recent venture is bLife, a company developing the manage their well-being and store personal growth fi rst personal well-being subscription service. data,” said Watt.

1827: Samuel Cornish and 1834: David Ruggles, abolitionist 1841: William Leidesdorf, who John B. Russwurm published activist, opened the fi rst African became America’s fi rst millionaire of Freedom’s Journal, the fi rst American bookstore in the nation, black descent, arrived in California. African American-owned and in New York City.17 After arriving, he engaged in trade operated newspaper.18 and real estate, built San Francisco’s fi rst hotel and was the city’s fi rst treasurer.1 >>

“Find your passion, be fearless, work with great people and address real issues.” – Hamet Watt January 2012

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1863: Abraham Lincoln issues 1965: Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. calls 1624: William Tucker, fi rst African child born 1971: The Congressional Black Caucus organized. 1943: George Washington Carver, 1831: The World Anti-Slavery Convention 1837: Black journalist Phillip A. Bell Emancipation Proclamation. for nonviolent protests if Alabama blacks are in America. agricultural scientist and inventor, dies. opens in London. established his fi rst newspaper, the not allowed to register and vote. Weekly Advocate. New Year’s Day New Year’s Day Observed

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1811: Charles Deslondes leads slave revolt 1866: Fisk University founded in 1750: James Varick, fi rst Bishop of the 1940: Benjamin O. Davis Sr. becomes 1948: Supreme Court rules blacks have right to 1990: L. Douglas Wilder inaugurated as 1975: William T. Coleman named secretary in Louisiana. Nashville, Tennessee. African Methodist Episcopal Zion (A.M.E.Z.) U.S. Army’s fi rst black general. study law at state institutions. fi rst African American governor (Virginia) of Transportation. Church, born. since Reconstruction.

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

1929: Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., a major 1978: NASA names African American 1942: Three-time heavyweight boxing champion 1856: Dr. Daniel Hale Williams, pioneer heart 1918: John H. Johnson, editor and publisher of 2009: Barack H. Obama sworn in as the 44th 1870: Hiram Revels elected fi rst black U.S. voice for civil rights in the 20th century, born. astronauts Maj. Frederick D. Gregory, Maj. Muhammad Ali (Cassius Clay), born. surgeon, born. Jet and Ebony magazines, born. president of the United States of America, senator, replacing Jeff erson Davis for the Guion S. Bluford Jr. and Dr. Ronald E. McNair. becoming the fi rst African American to hold Mississippi seat. the offi ce of U.S. commander-in-chief. Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s Birthday Observed

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

2009: Susan Rice confi rmed as U.S. ambassador 1891: Dr. Daniel Hale Williams founds 1865: Congress passes 13th Amendment, 1851: Sojourner Truth addresses fi rst Black 1977: Andrew Jackson Young Jr. becomes the fi rst 1961: Leontyne Price, world-renowned opera 1998: Sarah “Madam C.J.” Walker, fi rst to the United Nations, becoming the fi rst Provident Hospital in Chicago, the fi rst which, on ratifi cation, abolishes slavery. Women’s Rights Convention, Akron, Ohio. African American to serve as the United States singer, makes her Metropolitan Opera debut. black female millionaire, honored on African American woman to represent the training hospital for black doctors and Ambassador to the United Nations. U.S. postage stamp. nation before the world in this capacity. nurses in the U.S.

29 30 31

1926: Violette Neatly Anderson becomes 1844: Richard Theodore Greener, fi rst African 2006: Coretta Scott King, widow of fi rst black woman lawyer to argue a case American to graduate from Harvard, born. Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who enshrined before the Supreme Court. his legacy of human rights and equality, dies.

2012 Aetna African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericanhistorycalendar.com Juliet E.K. Walker, Ph.D. Founder and director of the Center for Black Business History, Entrepreneurship and Technology at the University of Texas at Austin

Austin, TX

1847: Frederick Douglass 1859: Clara Brown moved to Central 1869: Isaac Myers organized established the abolitionist paper City, Colo.; and established the fi rst African American ship caulkers and The North Star in Rochester, N.Y., and laundry, bought real estate, and longshoremen; and then used his developed it into the most infl uential invested in Colorado gold mines.1, 4 experience to help found the fi rst antislavery paper published during national African American labor the antebellum era.19 union, the Colored National Labor Union.1 >> February 2012 Black History Month

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

1 2 3 4

1902: Langston Hughes, poet, born. 1915: Biologist Ernest E. Just receives 2009: Eric H. Holder Jr. sworn in as the nation’s 1913: Rosa Parks, civil rights pioneer who Spingarn Medal for research in fertilization fi rst African American attorney general. sparked 1955 Montgomery, Alabama, bus and cell division. boycott, born.

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1884: Willis Johnson patents eggbeater. 1993: Arthur Ashe Jr., tennis player, 1883: Ragtime pianist and composer 1968: Three South Carolina State 1995: Bernard Harris becomes fi rst African 1927: Leontyne Price, internationally acclaimed 1990: Nelson Mandela of South Africa is humanitarian and activist, dies. Eubie Blake born. students killed during segregation protest American astronaut to walk in space. opera singer, born. released from prison after 27 years. in Orangeburg, South Carolina.

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

1909: NAACP founded in New York City. 1970: Joseph L. Searles becomes fi rst African 1760: Richard Allen, founder of the African 1820: Susan B. Anthony, abolitionist and 1874: Frederick Douglass elected president 1938: Mary Frances Berry, fi rst woman 1931: Toni Morrison, winner of 1988 American member of New York Stock Exchange. Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church, born. women’s rights advocate, born. of Freedman’s Bank and Trust. to serve as chancellor of a major research Pulitzer Prize for her novel Beloved, born. Lincoln’s BIrthday university (University of Colorado), born. Valentine’s Day

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

2002: Vonetta Flowers becomes Winter 1895: Frederick Douglass, leading voice 1965: Malcolm X assassinated in New York. 2008: Johnnie Carr, major icon of the 1868: W.E.B. DuBois, scholar, activist and 1864: Rebecca Lee Crumpler becomes fi rst 1853: First black YMCA organized in Olympics’ fi rst African American gold medalist. in the Abolitionist Movement, dies. Civil Rights Movement, dies. author of The Souls of Black Folk, born. black woman to receive a medical degree Washington, D.C. (New England Female Medical College). Presidents’ Day Observed Ash Wednesday Washington’s Birthday

26 27 28 29 1965: Civil rights activist Jimmie Lee Jackson 1897: Marian Anderson, world-renowned 1984: Michael Jackson, musician and 1940: Hattie McDaniel becomes the fi rst dies after being shot by state police in opera singer and civil rights activist, born. entertainer, wins eight Grammy Awards®. African American to win an Academy Award® Marion, Alabama. for Best Supporting Actress for her role as “Mammy” in “Gone With the Wind.”

2012 Aetna African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericanhistorycalendar.com Twins Ashton and Ryan Clark remember a sign that received allowances. Instead, they raked leaves, “Innovation is critical in online business,” said Ryan. Ashton & Ryan Clark hung in their parents’ home while growing up. It said: shoveled snow and sold lemonade to make money. “We start our businesses by looking at the market. “Your tomorrow is determined by the choices you If we see something we don’t like about a service, we Owners make today.” “We realized that if we pleased our customers, word build a better site by changing the things that need Dynamik Duo, Inc. of our business would spread for us. It’s an approach improving, and it becomes a unique off ering.” It became a motto to live by. “We learned from an we still take,” Ryan said. Flossmoor, IL early age that our brand can be tarnished by poor “Sometimes it’s common sense,” adds Ashton. choices or strengthened by good decisions,” said Today, the Clarks own multiple online businesses “It goes back to the basics. What does the customer Ashton, now 23 years old. “We’ve always made life under their Dynamik Duo business venture. Their want? What are others not providing? Innovation decisions keeping our future in mind.” major websites include ludakicks.com, a custom can simply be improving something so that it better sneaker company; 247mixtapes.com, a streaming impacts the lives of others and meets a need.” The Clarks’ “brand management” started with their music subscription site; and UticketIt.com, an online fi rst business ventures. As children, they never ticketing source for event organizers, small organizations and nonprofi ts.

1883: Jan E. Matzeliger was granted 1883: Charles H. James started the 1888: Two of America’s fi rst a patent for his shoe-lasting machine C.H. James Company as a bartering black-owned banks, the Savings that was able to turn out from 150 business that evolved into a wholesale Bank of the Grand Fountain United to 700 pairs of shoes a day.10 fruit and produce distribution house Order of the Reformers, in Richmond, serving independent grocers and Va., and Capital Savings Bank of restaurants.13 Washington, D.C., opened their doors.17 >>

“We realized that if we pleased our customers, word of our business would spread for us.” – Ryan Clark March 2012

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

1 2 3

1914: Ralph W. Ellison, author and 1867: Congress enacts charter to establish 1865: Freedmen’s Bureau established educator, born. Howard University. by federal government to aid newly freed slaves.

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1965: Bill Russell of the Boston Celtics 1770: Crispus Attucks becomes one of the 1857: Supreme Court issues Dred Scott decision. 2006: Photographer-fi lmmaker Gordon Parks, 1945: Phyllis M. Daley becomes fi rst black nurse 1841: Amistad mutineers freed by 1869: Robert Tanner Freeman becomes honored as NBA’s most valuable player fi rst casualties of the American Revolution. who captured the struggles and triumphs of sworn in as a Navy ensign. Supreme Court. fi rst African American to receive a degree for fourth time in fi ve years. black America, dies. in dentistry.

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

1959: Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun 1932: Andrew Young, former 1773: Jean Baptiste Pointe Du Sable, black 1956: Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott ends 1947: John Lee, fi rst black commissioned 1827: Freedom’s Journal, the fi rst U.S. black 1890: Charles B. Brooks patents street sweeper. opens at Barrymore Theater, New York; the fi rst U.N. ambassador and former mayor pioneer and explorer, founded Chicago. when municipal bus service is desegregated. offi cer in the U.S. Navy, assigned to duty. newspaper, is founded. play by a black woman to premiere on Broadway. of Atlanta, born. St. Patrick’s Day

Daylight Saving Time Begins

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1822: The Phoenix Society, a literary and 1939: Langston Hughes founded The New 1883: Jan E. Matzeliger patents 1965: Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. leads 1898: J.W. Smith patents lawn sprinkler. 1873: Slavery abolished in Puerto Rico. 1907: Nurse and aviator Janet Harmon educational group, founded by blacks in Negro Theater in Los Angeles. shoe-lasting machine. march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, Bragg born. New York City. for voting rights.

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 2009: John Hope Franklin, a prolifi c scholar 1831: Bishop Richard Allen, founder and fi rst 1924: Jazz singer Sarah Vaughan, 1870: Jonathan S. Wright becomes fi rst black 1918: Pearl Bailey, singer and actor, born. 1870: Fifteenth Amendment ratifi ed, 1988: Toni Morrison wins Pulitzer Prize of African American history who infl uenced Bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) “The Divine One,” born. state Supreme Court justice in South Carolina. guaranteeing voting rights to blacks. for Beloved. thinking about slavery and Reconstruction, dies. Church, dies.

2012 Aetna African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericanhistorycalendar.com Gabrielle Jordan Williams began her business, Jewelz Williams got the idea of turning her hobby into a jewelry line. She is a frequent public speaker, Gabrielle Jordan of Jordan, to fi ll a void in the children’s jewelry market. business from her parents. “I saw the passion she and she also has turned her experiences into a book, The diff erence between Williams and other business had for jewelry making,” said her mother, Marcella The Making of a Young Entrepreneur. Williams innovators? She was only 9 years old when she broke Mollon-Williams. “I knew that passion was what Author, Public Speaker and CEO through her market space. she needed to be successful.” “My book is about motivating children to follow Jewelz of Jordan their dreams,” she said. “I noticed a lot of children’s jewelry was made Williams began by selling jewelry to family and Upper Marlboro, MD with plastic beads and charms. I wanted to create friends. She then expanded to vending at seminars Williams herself has big dreams to follow. “I want something more upscale,” said Williams, now an and workshops. In June 2011, Williams launched to be an international motivational speaker, a 11-year-old fi fth-grade student. “So I began to JewelzofJordan.com, which includes an online store. jewelry designer to the stars, a philanthropist use glass beads, stones and silver to create elegant and a millionaire by 15 years old,” she said. pieces that are high quality.” Williams spends her free time designing new pieces, especially for her Mommy & Me mother-daughter She then adds: “I’d also like to play soccer.”

1898: Charles Clinton Spaulding, 1900: National Negro Business League 1903: Maggie Lena Walker pooled Aaron McDuffi e Moore and John founded by Booker T. Washington, one her community’s money to open Merrick founded the fi rst black- of the nation’s most visible, infl uential the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank, owned and managed insurance and controversial black leaders from making her the nation’s fi rst woman company, North Carolina Mutual the 1890s until his death in 1915.1 to charter a U.S. bank, as well as Life Insurance Co.1 serve as its president.1 >>

“I noticed a lot of children’s jewelry was made with plastic beads and charms. I wanted to create something more upscale.” April 2012 – Gabrielle Jordan WIlliams

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1950: Blood research pioneer 1984: Georgetown coach John Thompson 1826: Poet-orator James Madison Bell, author 1968: Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. 1951: Washington, D.C., Municipal Court of 1909: Matthew A. Henson reaches North Pole, 1959: Lorraine Hansberry becomes fi rst black Charles R. Drew dies. becomes fi rst African American coach to of the Emancipation Day poem “The Day and assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Appeals outlaws segregation in restaurants. 45 minutes before Robert E. Peary. playwright to win New York Drama Critics win the NCAA® basketball tournament. the War,” born. Circle Award (for A Raisin in the Sun). Palm Sunday Good Friday Passover Begins (sundown)

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1974: Atlanta Braves slugger Hank Aaron hits 1816: African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) 1816: Richard Allen consecrated fi rst 1997: The Charles H. Wright Museum of African 1983: Harold Washington becomes fi rst African 1997: Tiger Woods wins Masters 1775: First abolitionist society in U.S. 715th career home run, surpassing Babe Ruth Church formed. Bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal American History, the world’s largest museum American elected mayor of Chicago. Golf Tournament. founded in Philadelphia. as the game’s all-time home-run leader. (A.M.E.) Church. of its kind, opens in Detroit.

Easter

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

1964: Sidney Poitier becomes fi rst black 1862: Slavery abolished in the 1983: Alice Walker wins Pulitzer Prize 1995: Margo Jeff erson receives Pulitzer Prize 1972: Stationed in Germany, Maj. Gen. 2010: Dorothy Height, leading female voice 1966: Pfc. Milton L. Olive III awarded to win Academy Award® for Best Actor for District of Columbia. for fi ction for The Color Purple. for criticism. Frederic E. Davidson becomes fi rst African of the 1960s civil rights movement, dies. posthumously the Congressional Medal of Lilies of the Field. American to lead an Army division. Honor for valor in Vietnam.

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

1922: Jazz bassist and composer 1856: Granville T. Woods, inventor of the steam 1944: United Negro College Fund incorporated. 1918: Ella Fitzgerald, “First Lady of Song,” born. 1888: Sarah Boone patents ironing board. 1968: Dr. Vincent Porter becomes fi rst black 2009: Sojourner Truth, former slave turned Charles Mingus born. boiler and automobile air brakes, born. certifi ed in plastic surgery. abolitionist, becomes fi rst African American Administrative Professionals Day woman to have a memorial in the U.S. Capitol.

29 30

1899: Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington, 1952: Dr. Louis T. Wright honored by jazz musician and composer, born. American Cancer Society for his contributions to cancer research.

2012 Aetna African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericanhistorycalendar.com At an early age, James Taylor began his “It started as a basketball concierge service. I wanted “We take our students on a journey of self-discovery. James Taylor entrepreneurial path by cutting lawns and to take away pressure from parents who had to fi gure We teach perseverance and patience,” said Taylor. collecting cans from neighbors. out how to teach their kids how to play the game,” “We help them to handle basketball wars they may CEO said Taylor. Today, the company off ers one-on-one come across. These could be problems with coaches, Taylored Athletes Sports, Inc. Today, at 28, he is running a successful youth sports basketball lessons, a basketball summer camp and politics and hidden agendas. We teach them to never development agency. Taylored Athletes Sports has basketball academies. give up on their goals.” Boca Raton, FL positively changed the lives of more than 6,000 children. Taylored Athletes Sports teaches students lessons Taylor has built a team of talented people to carry Taylor thought of the company name while visiting on and off the court. It provides a safe and positive out his passion for child development. Along with an orphanage in Prussia. After playing professional youth sports environment. The company has a balancing his family life, he is working on several basketball and working as a high school teacher in one-love philosophy — a universal love that is books, including a basketball training guide and a South Florida, he started the company; and quickly shared by everyone. CEO motivational guide. became a pioneer for the basketball training industry.

1905: Richard Henry Boyd began 1907: Madam C.J. Walker, America’s 1914: Garrett Morgan received the Globe Publishing Company, fi rst black female millionaire, a U.S. patent for his gas mask the National Baptist Church revolutionized the black hair-care invention. Two years later, in 1916, Supply Company and the Union business and started traveling Morgan used the gas mask to rescue Transportation Company.23 throughout the United States selling 32 men trapped during an explosion her new line of hair-care products.1 in an underground tunnel.6 >>

“We take our students on a journey of self-discovery. We teach perseverance and patience.” – James Taylor May 2012

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

1 2 3 4 5

1867: First four students enter 1995: Shirley Jackson assumes chairmanship 1964: Frederick O’Neal becomes fi rst black 1961: Freedom Riders begin protesting 1988: Eugene Antonio Marino installed as Howard University. of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. president of Actors’ Equity Association. segregation of interstate bus travel in fi rst U.S. African American Roman Catholic the South. archbishop.

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1991: Smithsonian Institution approves creation 1845: Mary Eliza Mahoney, America’s 1983: Lena Horne awarded Spingarn Medal for 2010: Lena Horne, singer, actress and civil 1950: Boston Celtics select Chuck Cooper, fi rst 1895: Composer William Grant Still, fi rst 1862: Black slaves commandeer the of the National African American Museum. fi rst black trained nurse, born. distinguished career in entertainment. rights activist, dies. black player drafted to play in the NBA. African American to conduct a major Confederate ship “The Planter.” American symphony orchestra, born.

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

1872: Matilda Arabella Evans, fi rst black woman 1913: Clara Stanton Jones, fi rst black 1820: Congress declares foreign slave trade 1927: Dr. William Harry Barnes becomes fi rst 1954: In Brown v. Board of Education, Supreme 1896: In Plessy v. Ferguson, Supreme Court 1993: University of Virginia professor to practice medicine in South Carolina, born. president of the American Library an act of piracy, punishable by death. African American certifi ed by a surgical board. Court declares segregation in public schools upholds doctrine of “separate but equal” Rita Dove appointed U.S. poet laureate. Association, born. unconstitutional. education and public accommodations. Mother’s Day Armed Forces Day

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1961: U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy 2006: Katherine Dunham, pioneering 1921: Shuffl e Along, a musical featuring 1900: Sgt. William H. Carney becomes 1854: Lincoln University (Pa.), fi rst African 1926: Jazz trumpeter Miles Dewey Davis born. 1961: During Kennedy administration, dispatches U.S. marshals to Montgomery, dancer and choreographer, author and a score by Eubie Blake and Noble Sissle, fi rst African American awarded the American college, founded. Marvin Cook named ambassador to Alabama, to restore order in the Freedom civil rights activist, dies. opens on Broadway. Congressional Medal of Honor. Niger Republic, the fi rst black envoy Rider crisis. named to an African nation.

27 28 29 30 31 1942: Dorie Miller, a ship‘s steward, awarded 1948: National Party wins whites-only 1901: Granville T. Woods patents overhead 1965: Vivian Malone becomes fi rst African 1870: Congress passes the fi rst Enforcement Navy Cross for heroism during the attack on elections in South Africa and begins to conducting system for the electric railway. American to graduate from the University Act, providing stiff penalties for those who Pearl Harbor in 1941. institute policy of apartheid. of Alabama. deprive others of civil rights.

Memorial Day Observed

2012 Aetna African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericanhistorycalendar.com Dr. Farrah Gray’s mother was always honest with her “My grandmother always said ‘children are practicing “We each have the freedom to control our own Dr. Farrah Gray son about money. As a young boy, he understood adults,’” said Gray. With that in mind, the Farrah Gray destiny,” said Gray. “The problem is analysis Founder and CEO how much it took to make ends meet. Foundation teaches inner-city and high-risk youth paralysis. Entrepreneurs tend to overthink. They how to become entrepreneurs. need to believe they can do it. ” Farrah Gray Foundation Six-year-old Gray sold treasures to neighbors to help out when money was tight, earning his fi rst $50 Gray believes dreams can come true if each day Gray continues to use his earnings to help others. Las Vegas, NV selling hand-painted rocks, and then lotion created begins with passion, hustle and knowledge. Though “At the end of the day, I want to feel as if I have done by combining diff erent bottles found at home. While still under 30, his accomplishments are vast. He something meaningful,” he said. “I want to plant that in the third grade, he started a business club with his opened an offi ce on Wall Street, cohosted a Las seed for someone else.” He urges kids to dedicate friends, raising $15,000 by selling prepaid phone cards. Vegas radio show, has a lucrative speaking career, at least 10 percent of their energy to their goals. started and sold Farr-Out Foods for $1 million, “Action has no season. It has to start today.” became an international best-selling author, started a publishing house, and was pictured on a MasterCard® credit card.

1919: Marcus Garvey started the 1921: The Binga Bank, initially 1921: Harry Pace formed Black Swan Negro Factories Corporation, a series opened in 1908 by Jesse Binga, was Phonograph Corporation, the fi rst of companies that manufactured reestablished in 1921 as the Binga African American-owned record marketable commodities in every State Bank.17 company in Harlem.17 big industrial center in the Western hemisphere and Africa. He also established the Black Star Steamship Line Corporation.9 >>

“The problem is analysis paralysis. Entrepreneurs tend to overthink. They need to believe they can do it.” –Dr. Farrah Gray June 2012

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

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1968: Henry Lewis becomes fi rst black 1971: Samuel L. Gravely Jr. becomes fi rst musical director of an American symphony African American admiral in the U.S. Navy. orchestra — New Jersey Symphony.

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2008: Senator Barack Obama wins Democratic 1967: Bill Cosby receives an Emmy® Award 1987: Dr. Mae C. Jemison becomes fi rst African 1831: First annual People of Color convention 1917: Poetess Gwendolyn Brooks, fi rst 2011: Clara Luper, Oklahoma civil rights icon 1995: Lincoln J. Ragsdale, pioneer fi ghter presidential nomination, becoming the fi rst for his work in the television series I Spy. American woman astronaut. held in Philadelphia. African American to win the Pulitzer Prize who led sit-ins at drugstore lunch counters in pilot of World War II, dies. African American nominee of a major U.S. (poetry, 1950), born. Oklahoma in 1958, dies. political party.

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1854: James Augustine Healy, fi rst black 1964: Nelson Mandela sentenced to life 1963: Medgar W. Evers, civil rights leader, 1967: Thurgood Marshall nominated to 1864: Congress rules equal pay for all soldiers. 1913: Dr. Effi e O’Neal Ellis, fi rst black woman 1970: Kenneth A. Gibson elected mayor of Roman Catholic bishop, ordained a priest imprisonment by South African government. assassinated in Jackson, Mississippi. Supreme Court by President Lyndon Johnson. to hold an executive position in the American Newark, New Jersey, fi rst African American in Notre Dame Cathedral. Flag Day Medical Association, born. mayor of a major Eastern city.

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1775: Minuteman Peter Salem fi ghts in the 1942: Harvard University medical student 1865: Blacks in Texas are notifi ed of 1953: Albert W. Dent of Dillard University 1821: African Methodist Episcopal Zion 1897: William Barry patents postmarking and 1940: Sprinter Wilma Rudolph, winner of three Battle of Bunker Hill. Bernard Whitfi eld Robinson commissioned Emancipation Proclamation, issued in 1863. elected president of the National Health (A.M.E.Z.) Church established. cancelling machine. gold medals at 1960 Summer Olympics, born. as the Navy’s fi rst black offi cer. Council. Father’s Day Juneteenth

24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1964: Carl T. Rowan appointed director of 2009: Michael Jackson, musician and 1975: Dr. Samuel Blanton Rosser becomes fi rst 1991: Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall 1911: Samuel J. Battle becomes fi rst black 2006: Lloyd Richards, theater pioneer and 1917: Lena Horne, singer, actress and civil the United States Information Agency. entertainer, dies. African American certifi ed in pediatric surgery. announces his retirement. policeman in New York City. Tony® Award winner for direction of Fences, rights activist, born. dies on his 87th birthday.

2012 Aetna African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericanhistorycalendar.com Nearly 20 years ago, Lisa Price began mixing up Now, it may be through Twitter rather than at a fl ea addition to HSN, touts Macy’s and Sephora among Lisa Price fragrances and creams in her kitchen. Word caught market, but it’s still real and authentic,” said Price, 50. its retail partners. fi re and Carol’s Daughter was born. Founder Carol’s Daughter maintains its popularity by being Even with such a great distribution strategy, the Carol’s Daughter, Inc. Initially, she would have one-on-one discussions with an innovator – from providing products made with company stays ahead of the curve. “People are clients at fl ea markets and in her living room when natural ingredients to launching entertainer Mary J. hungry for information,” Price said. “Customers New York, NY they inquired about getting more product. Today, Blige’s fi rst fragrance “My Life” on television’s Home research on Facebook, look up YouTube videos and she engages customers through social media. Shopping Network (HSN) and breaking that network’s read online reviews before even stepping into the fragrance record by selling 60,000 units in one day. store. Consumers are very savvy. In business, you “It’s very important to me to listen to what the The innovation continued with the launch of its have to continuously innovate the ways you operate customer wants and create things that she needs. performance hair care franchises Monoi and and the ways you speak to your customers.” I’ve always enjoyed having those conversations. Chocolat in 2011. Price’s products are sold in more than half a dozen Carol’s Daughter stores; and in

1923: A.G. Gaston founded his fi rst 1942: John H. Johnson turned $500 1951: Henry G. Parks started the business, the Booker T. Washington he borrowed against his mother’s Parks Sausage Company, which grew Burial Society, after seeing a need furniture into the seed money that into a multimillion dollar operation among poor blacks for more created Johnson Publishing Company, with more than 240 employees and aff ordable funerals.3 and he was placed on the Forbes 400 annual sales exceeding $14 million.22 list of the nation’s wealthiest citizens.1 >>

“It’s very important to me to listen to what the customer wants and create things that she needs. ” – Lisa Price July 2012

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

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1889: Frederick Douglass named U.S. Minister 1872: Elijah McCoy patents fi rst self-lubricating 1688: The Quakers in Germantown, 1900: Traditional birthdate of Louis “Satchmo” 1991: Nelson Mandela elected president of the 1957: Althea Gibson wins women’s singles title 1948: Cleveland Indians sign pitcher Leroy to Haiti. locomotive engine. The quality of his inventions Pennsylvania, make fi rst formal protest Armstrong, jazz pioneer. African National Congress. at Wimbledon, fi rst African American to win “Satchel” Paige. helped coin the phrase “the real McCoy.” against slavery. tennis’s most prestigious award. Independence Day

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 2000: Venus Williams wins women’s singles 1893: Dr. Daniel Hale Williams performs 1943: Arthur Ashe Jr., fi rst African American 1905: W.E.B. DuBois and William Monroe 1949: Frederick M. Jones patents cooling 1965: Thurgood Marshall becomes fi rst African 1951: George Washington Carver Monument, championship at Wimbledon. fi rst successful open-heart operation. to win the U.S. Open and men’s singles title Trotter organize the Niagara Movement, system for food transportation vehicles. American appointed U.S. solicitor general. fi rst national park honoring an African American, at Wimbledon, born. a forerunner of the NAACP. is dedicated in Joplin, Missouri.

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

1867: Maggie Lena Walker, fi rst woman and 1822: Violette A. Johnson, fi rst black woman to 2009: Ret. Marine Corps Maj. Gen. Charles F. 1998: African American Civil War Soldiers 1925: Paris debut of Josephine Baker, 1950: Black troops (24th Regiment) win fi rst 1896: Mary Church Terrell elected fi rst fi rst African American to become president practice before the U.S. Supreme Court, born. Bolden Jr. becomes fi rst African American Memorial dedicated, Washington, D.C. entertainer, activist and humanitarian. U.S. victory in Korea. president of National Association of of a bank, born. administrator of NASA. Colored Women.

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

1827: James Varick, fi rst Bishop of the 1962: Jackie Robinson becomes fi rst 1807: Shakespearean actor Ira Aldridge born 1916: Garrett Morgan, inventor of the gas 1948: President Harry S. Truman issues 1880: Alexander P. Ashbourne patents 1868: 14th Amendment, granting African African Methodist Episcopal Zion (A.M.E.Z.) black baseball player in the major leagues in New York City. mask, rescues six people from gas-fi lled Executive Order 9981, ending segregation process for refi ning coconut oil. Americans full citizenship rights, becomes Church, dies. inducted into baseball’s Hall of Fame. tunnel in Cleveland, Ohio. in armed forces. part of the Constitution.

29 30 31

1895: First National Conference of Colored 1822: James Varick elected fi rst bishop 1874: Rev. Patrick Francis Healy inaugurated Women Convention held in Boston. of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion president of Georgetown University, (A.M.E.Z.) Church. Washington, D.C.

2012 Aetna African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericanhistorycalendar.com Kenneth Harris knows how to get down to business. business owners compete globally. Because if black come together as a community and educate Kenneth L. Harris businesses compete, Michigan benefi ts.” mainstream society,” he said. Harris is passionate about helping African Americans President and CEO and other minorities succeed. As president and CEO Harris has always been driven to help African Harris grew up in Detroit. He believes creativity, Michigan Black Chamber of Commerce of the Michigan Black Chamber of Commerce, he Americans reach economic parity. In 2004, he founded innovation and technology will help propel the black brings together entrepreneurs at all levels of success. the International Detroit Black Expo, Inc. The Expo business community forward. Detroit, MI His goal? To reinvigorate Michigan. provides an opportunity for African Americans to showcase their businesses. It quickly grew to one “The economy is green. It is not black, not white, “African Americans have excelled in so many arenas, of the largest exhibitions in the country. not pink and not yellow,” he said. “My goal is to yet we have not reached our economic potential and help mobilize black businesses. I want to infl uence power,” said Harris, 38. “I’m motivated by the chance “Michigan hosts more than 79,000 black businesses. commerce in local economies. I want people to look to serve underserved communities. I want to help It is also home to many of the top black businesses at Michigan and say, ‘Wow, Michigan gets it now.’” in the country. But no one knew. It was time for us to

1959: Berry Gordy Jr. borrowed $800 1967: Albert William Johnson was 1971: Johnson Products, a hair-care from his family’s savings to create the fi rst African American awarded a company, became the fi rst black- Motown Record Company, which dealership from a major automaker owned company to be listed on a attracted some of the many rhythm when he opened an Oldsmobile major U.S. stock exchange (AMEX).17 and blues performers emerging in dealership in a predominately black Detroit at that time.17 neighborhood in Chicago.17 >>

“My goal is to help mobilize black businesses. I want to infl uence commerce in local economies.” – Kenneth L. Harris August 2012 National Black Business Month

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1 2 3 4

1879: Mary Eliza Mahoney graduates from 1924: James Baldwin, author of Go Tell It on 1800: Gabriel Prosser leads slave revolt in 1810: Abolitionist Robert Purvis born. New England Hospital for Women and Children, the Mountain, The Fire Next Time and Another Richmond, Virginia. becoming the fi rst black professional nurse Country, born. in America.

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1962: Nelson Mandela, South African 1965: President Lyndon B. Johnson signs 1907: Dr. Ralph J. Bunche, fi rst African 2005: John H. Johnson, founder and publisher 1936: Jesse Owens wins fourth gold medal 1989: Gen. Colin Powell is nominated chairman, 1872: Dr. Solomon Carter Fuller, acknowledged freedom fi ghter, imprisoned. He was not Voting Rights Act, outlawing literacy test American Nobel Prize® winner, born. of Ebony and Jet magazines, dies. at Summer Olympics in Berlin. Joint Chiefs of Staff , the fi rst African American as fi rst black psychiatrist, born. released until 1990. for voting eligibility in the South. to hold this post.

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

1977: Steven Biko, leader of Black 1981: Reagan administration undertakes its 1989: First National Black Theater Festival 2007: Max Roach, fi rst jazz musician honored 1922: Author Louis E. Lomax born. 1849: Lawyer-activist Archibald Henry Grimké, 1859: Harriet Wilson’s Our Nig is fi rst novel Consciousness Movement in South Africa, review of 30 federal regulations, including rules held in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. with a MacArthur Fellowship, dies. who challenged the segregationist policies of published by a black writer. arrested. on civil rights to prevent job discrimination. President Woodrow Wilson, born.

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1954: Dr. Ralph J. Bunche named 1993: Dr. David Satcher named director of 1904: Bandleader and composer 1880: Cartoonist George Herriman born. 1926: Carter Woodson, historian, author, 1950: Judge Edith Sampson named fi rst black 1925: A. Phillip Randolph founds undersecretary of United Nations. the Centers for Disease Control. William “Count” Basie born. inaugurates Negro History Week. delegate to United Nations. Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.

26 27 28 29 30 31 1946: Composer, singer and producer 1963: W.E.B. DuBois, scholar, civil rights activist 1963: Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivers 1920: Saxophonist Charlie “Bird” Parker born. 1983: Lt. Col. Guion S. Bluford Jr. becomes the 1836: Henry Blair patents cotton planter. Valerie Simpson Ashford born. and founding father of the NAACP, dies. “I Have A Dream” speech during March on fi rst African American astronaut in space. Washington, D.C.

2012 Aetna African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericanhistorycalendar.com Jermaine Griggs got his start in music in the ’80s. “Like most entrepreneurs, I started early. I had the he said. They recently created software to help Jermaine Griggs It was on the piano his grandmother won on the TV desire to be something, to have something more,” people learn to sing. game show “The Price is Right.” He learned to play by Griggs said. He grew up in the low-income area of Founder listening to music. He then joined a children’s church Long Beach, Calif. “The Internet has been amazing for our business. Hear and Play Music choir as the pianist and became well known. It has granted us a worldwide audience. I am so Hearandplay.com is primarily for adults 25 to thankful to be in this era,” said Griggs. Santa Ana, CA Griggs’ business experience began at age 7. He sold 44 years old. Many of his customers played piano stationery and cards to neighbors, followed by Avon in their youth. “As adults, they rekindled their Griggs attributes his success to picking a niche and products years later. At 17, he merged his musical passion for music,” said Griggs. sticking with it. Online education off erings include and business talents to provide paid music lessons to various music genres; and instruments such as piano, friends. He borrowed $70 from his mother to buy the The company produces online training videos and guitar, sax and fl ute. domain HearandPlay.com, and built a million dollar DVDs in a Santa Ana music studio. “We stay true to online self-help education business. our mission, but look for ways to expand upon it,”

1972: Earl G. Graves Sr. was named 1979: Robert Johnson, a trailblazer 1980: David L. Steward founded one of the 10 most outstanding for minority entrepreneurs, founded World Wide Technology, Inc.; a minority businessmen in the country by cable’s Black Entertainment provider of technology products, the president of the U.S. and received Television.8 services and supply chain solutions the National Award of Excellence for to public, private and nonprofi t achievements in minority business customers.1 enterprise. Two years earlier, he launched Black Enterprise magazine.11 >>

“Like most entrepreneurs, I started early. I had the desire to be something, to have something more.” September 2012 – Jermaine Griggs

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

1

1993: Condoleeza Rice named provost at Stanford University, becoming the youngest person and fi rst African American to hold this position.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1958: Frederick M. Jones patents control device 1979: Robert Maynard becomes fi rst African 1957: Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus calls out 1960: Leopold Sedar Senghor, poet and 1848: Frederick Douglass elected president 1954: Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, 1981: Roy Wilkins, executive director of the for internal combustion engine. American to head a major daily newspaper, the National Guard to bar black students from politician, elected president of Senegal. of National Black Political Convention in Maryland, public schools integrated. NAACP, dies. Oakland Tribune in California. entering a Little Rock high school. Cleveland, Ohio.

Labor Day

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1968: Arthur Ashe, Jr. wins men‘s singles 1855: John Mercer Langston elected township 1959: Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington wins 1992: Dr. Mae C. Jemison becomes fi rst African 1886: Literary critic Alain Lovke, fi rst black 1921: Constance Baker Motley, fi rst black 1963: Four black girls killed in Birmingham, tennis championship at U.S. Open. clerk of Brownhelm, Ohio, becoming fi rst Spingarn Medal for his achievements in music. American woman to travel in space. Rhodes Scholar, born. woman appointed federal judge, born. Alabama, church bombing. African American to hold elective offi ce in the U.S.

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

1923: First Catholic seminary for black priests 1983: Vanessa Williams becomes fi rst African 1895: Booker T. Washington delivers famous 1893: Albert R. Robinson patents electric 1830: First National Convention of Free Men 1998: Florence Griffi th Joyner, Olympic track 1862: Emancipation Proclamation announced. dedicated in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. American crowned Miss America. Atlanta Exposition speech. railway trolley. agrees to boycott slave-produced goods. star, dies.

Rosh Hashanah Begins (sundown)

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1863: Civil and women’s rights advocate 1895: Three Baptist Conventions merged 1974: Barbara W. Hancock becomes fi rst African 1962: Sonny Liston knocks out Floyd Patterson 1912: W.C. Handy publishes Memphis Blues. 1991: National Civil Rights Museum opens in 1910: National Urban League established in Mary Church Terrell born. to form the National Baptist Convention. American woman named a White House fellow. to win heavyweight boxing championship. Memphis, Tennessee. New York City.

Yom Kippur Begins (sundown)

30 1962: James Meredith enrolls as fi rst black student at University of Mississippi.

2012 Aetna African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericanhistorycalendar.com Khary and Selena Cuff e always knew they would “It was wonderful. There was a jazz band and The couple founded Heritage Link Brands, LLC, Khary Cuff e become entrepreneurs. The two successful marketers dancing. There were booths showcasing wine which imports South African wines; and sells them and business managers were just waiting for the produced by black South Africans. These people internationally to licensed distributors, airlines, and Cofounder and CFO right inspiration. had been living on vineyards and working the land cruise lines. The company continues to innovate Heritage Link Brands, LLC for generations, but they were not legally allowed and grow; working international trade routes, and “You need to have tremendous passion for a product to start businesses until 1994,” said Selena. forming partnerships in places such as Hong Kong Los Angeles, CA or service you launch,” said Selena, 36. “Passion is and the Philippines. what will carry you through the days when every She was inspired by their stories and shocked to door you try to open closes in your face.” learn that their wines were not available in the “We didn’t get into the business because of a love Selena Cuff e United States. She brought an idea home to Khary. for wine,” said Selena. “We want to create brands Selena discovered that passion unexpectedly on of inspiration. Through the medium of wine, we want President and CEO a business trip to South Africa in 2005. There, she “I was skeptical,” said Khary, 33. “The wine market to transform the way the world perceives Africa.” Heritage Link Brands, LLC attended a local wine festival held in an area was extremely competitive and fragmented. What usually avoided by tourists. would be our unique value? But I was convinced to Los Angeles, CA do a test market, and the rest is history.”

1983: Eula Adams became the fi rst 1984: Russell Simmons began his 1987: Reginald F. Lewis purchased African American partner at Touche, entrepreneurial ventures when he the international division of Beatrice the accounting fi rm that has since launched Def Jam Recordings, the Foods and rebranded the corporation become Deloitte & Touche.5 label that spawned the careers of as TLC Beatrice International, which notable artists such as Run-DMC.7 became the fi rst black-owned company to have revenues of more than $1 billion, at $1.8 billion.12 >>

“You need to have tremendous passion for a product or service you launch.” – Selena Cuff e October 2012

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

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1996: Lt. Gen. Joe Ballard becomes fi rst African 2000: James Perkins Jr. sworn in as Selma, 1956: Nat “King” Cole becomes fi rst black 1864: First black daily newspaper, The New 2011: Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth, described 1917: Political activist Fannie Lou Hamer born. American to head the Army Corps of Engineers. Alabama’s, fi rst African American mayor. performer to host his own TV show. Orleans Tribune, founded. by the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. as “the most courageous civil rights fi ghter in the South,” dies.

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1993: Toni Morrison becomes the fi rst African 1941: Rev. Jesse Jackson, political activist 2001: Dr. Ruth Simmons, fi rst African American 2010: Solomon Burke, Grammy® Award-winning 1887: Granville T. Woods patents telephone 2005: C. Delores Tucker, civil rights activist and 1579: Martin de Porres, fi rst black saint in American to win the Nobel Prize® in literature. and civil rights leader, born. leader of an Ivy League institution, elected 18th singer/songwriter, “King of Rock and Soul,” dies. system and apparatus. founder of the National Black Congress, dies. the Roman Catholic church, born. president of Brown University. Columbus Day Observed

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

1964: At age 35, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. 1991: Clarence Thomas confi rmed as an 1984: Bishop Desmond Tutu wins Nobel 1888: Capital Savings Bank of Washington, D.C., 1948: Playwright Ntozake Shange, author of 1943: Paul Robeson opens in Othello at the 1898: The fi rst African American-owned becomes youngest man to win Nobel associate justice of U.S. Supreme Court. Peace Prize. fi rst bank for African Americans, organized. For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide Shubert Theater in New York City. insurance company, North Carolina Mutual Peace Prize. When The Rainbow Is Enuf, born. Life Insurance Co., founded.

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

1917: Trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie, pioneer of 1953: Dr. Clarence S. Green becomes 1947: NAACP petitions United Nations on 2005: Rosa Parks, civil rights pioneer who 1992: Toronto Blue Jays manager Cito Gaston 1911: Mahalia Jackson, gospel singer, born. 1954: Benjamin O. Davis Jr. becomes fi rst bebop, born. fi rst African American certifi ed in racial conditions in the U.S. sparked 1955 Montgomery bus boycott, dies. becomes fi rst African American to manage black general in U.S. Air Force. neurological surgery. a team to a World Series title. United Nations Day

28 29 30 31 1998: President Bill Clinton declares HIV/AIDS 1949: Alonzo G. Moron becomes fi rst black 1979: Richard Arrington elected fi rst African 1899: William F. Burr patents switching a health crisis in racial minority communities. president of Hampton Institute, Virginia. American mayor of Birmingham, Alabama. device for railways.

Halloween

2012 Aetna African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericanhistorycalendar.com Tina Wells has discovered the fountain of youth – or Wells unoffi cially started her company when she was of the tween fi ction series Mackenzie Blue, published Tina Wells at least, how to turn youth into a fountain of success. 16 years old. She began writing product reviews for by HarperCollins Children’s Books. She’s working on a publication called New Girls Times. She would send developing that series into a mega brand. Wells also CEO and Founder As the CEO and founder of the marketing and those reviews to the companies about which she has written a youth marketing handbook, Chasing Buzz Marketing Group research fi rm Buzz Marketing Group, Wells helps her wrote. Many of the companies started writing back – Youth Culture And Getting It Right; she is a blogger clients build prosperous connections with the youth and sending her more products to review. for The Huffi ngton Post; and she is working on Philadelphia, PA market. Her team gathers the interests, needs and developing an ecommerce project. desires of youth, then they use that knowledge to “I never thought it would turn into a career,” said market to this important demographic. Wells, now 31. “While I always thought about business, “I like the idea of starting projects based on I never viewed myself as an entrepreneur. It was a consumer needs and behaviors,” she said. “I think “I’ve always been fascinated with popular culture. natural progression.” it’s important to continuously reinvent yourself The youth market is usually what drives that culture,” and your business.” Wells said. Now Wells views herself as a “serial entrepreneur.” In addition to her marketing fi rm, she is the author

1987: Christopher Gardner founded 1997: Founded after a merger, 2002: CAMAC, a global energy fi rm the brokerage fi rm Gardner Rich in Baldwin Richardson Foods Co. is one founded by Nigerian-born Kase Chicago from his home with just of America’s largest black-owned food Lawal in 1986, became the second $10,000, which he evolved into companies in the U.S.15 black American company with more Gardner Rich LLC, a FINRA-registered than $1 billion in revenues. Houston, broker-dealer with offi ces in New Texas-based CAMAC has offi ces in York, Chicago and San Francisco.16 Johannesburg, Cape Town, London, Grand Cayman, Lagos and Abuja.26 >>

“I think it’s important to continuously reinvent yourself and your business.” – Tina Wells November 2012

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

1 2 3

1945: John H. Johnson publishes fi rst 1983: President Ronald Reagan designates 1981: Thirman L. Milner elected mayor of issue of Ebony. Martin Luther King Jr. Day a national holiday. Hartford, Connecticut, becoming fi rst African American mayor in New England.

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2008: Senator Barack Obama elected 44th 1968: Shirley Chisholm of Brooklyn, 1900: James Weldon Johnson and J. Rosamond 2011: Joe “Smokin’ Joe” Frazier, former 1938: Crystal Bird Fauset elected state 1731: Mathematician, urban planner and 2006: Benny Andrews, painter and teacher president of the U.S., becoming fi rst African New York, becomes fi rst black woman Johnson compose “Lift Every Voice and Sing.” heavyweight world boxing champion, dies. representative in Pennsylvania, becoming fi rst inventor Benjamin Banneker born. whose work drew on memories of his American to be elected chief executive in the elected to Congress. black woman to serve in a state legislature. childhood in the segregated South, dies. 232-year history of the country. Election Day

Daylight Saving Time Ends

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

1989: Civil Rights Memorial dedicated in 1941: Mary Cardwell Dawson and Madame 1940: The U.S. Supreme Court rules in 1915: Booker T. Washington, educator 1881: Payton Johnson patents swinging chair. 1981: Pam Johnson named publisher of the 1980: Howard University airs WHHM, Montgomery, Alabama. Lillian Evanti establish the National Negro Hansberry v. Lee that African Americans and writer, dies. Ithaca Journal in New York, becoming fi rst fi rst African American-operated public Opera Company. cannot be barred from white neighborhoods. African American woman to head a daily radio station. Veterans Day newspaper. Veterans Day Observed

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1797: Sojourner Truth, abolitionist and 1953: Roy Campanella named Most Valuable 1923: Garrett A. Morgan patents traffi c 1893: Granville T. Woods patents electric 1930: Elijah Muhammed establishes the 1897: A.J. Beard patents the Jenny Coupler, 1868: Pianist Scott Joplin, the “Father of Civil War nurse, born. Player in National Baseball League for the light signal. railway conduit. Nation of Islam. used to connect railroad cars. Ragtime,” born. second time. Thanksgiving Day

25 26 27 28 29 30 1955: The Interstate Commerce Commission 1883: Sojourner Truth, abolitionist and 1990: Charles Johnson awarded National Book 1961: Ernie Davis becomes fi rst African 1908: Adam Clayton Powell Jr., politician and 1912: Gordon Parks, writer, fi lmmaker and bans segregation in interstate travel. Civil War nurse, dies. Award for fi ction for Middle Passage. American to win the Heisman Trophy®. civil rights activist, born. photographer, born.

2012 Aetna African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericanhistorycalendar.com Amos Winbush knows what consumers want. “I never launched a company before. So I found “You need to have a product that fi nds customers. Amos Winbush, III amazing software developers and great mentors I don’t believe in the ‘build it and they will come’ He began his company, CyberSynchs, because of his who understood how to take technology to the next philosophy,” Winbush said. “Today, everything is Founder and CEO concern for data loss on mobile devices. “I lost all level,” said Winbush. “It was a challenging road so accessible through the Web. People are hungry CyberSynchs of my information when my iPhone® crashed. So I to take.” for information. Innovation is key for growth developed an application out of necessity and and longevity.” New York, NY sheer frustration,” Winbush, age 28, said. Challenging, yet rewarding. Winbush started his company with $250. Over the fi rst year, he invested Winbush encourages other would-be entrepreneurs His idea: Allow consumers to synch data across $80,000 of his own money. Three years later, to build a strong team of employees and advisors. operating systems and devices. This would allow CyberSynchs is valued at more than $200 million. “You cannot operate on an island. You need a cluster them to back up and own their information. The idea The company has major partnerships all over the of islands in order to make it work,” he said. was groundbreaking. But as a musician, he didn’t world, including in Central and South America, and have the technology skills to make it a reality. Africa. It serves 80 million customers.

2003: Tyra Banks ventured into the 2009: Richard Bennett, ex-marine, 2011: Publisher, producer, television world of reality TV when she created, built the $8 million construction host, philanthropist and billionaire produced and hosted the UPN show company Fidelis Design and multimedia entrepreneur Oprah “America’s Next Top Model.” Two Construction, which handles all Winfrey launched the Oprah Winfrey years later, in 2005, Banks expanded aspects of construction management, Network (OWN) with partner Discovery into daytime television with her own consulting and building.24 Communications on January 1.1 talk show, “The Tyra Show.”25 >>

“People are hungry for information. Innovation is key for growth and longevity.” – Amos Winbush, III December 2012

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

1

1955: Rosa Parks arrested for refusing to give her seat to a white man, sparking the Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1884: Granville T. Woods patents 1847: Frederick Douglass publishes fi rst 1906: Alpha Phi Alpha, fi rst black Greek letter 1955: Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. organizes 1932: Richard B. Spikes patents 1942: Reginald F. Lewis, fi rst African American 1925: Entertainer Sammy Davis Jr. born. telephone transmitter. issue of North Star. fraternity, founded at Cornell University. Birmingham, Alabama, bus boycott, marking automatic gearshift. to create a billion-dollar business empire beginning of the Civil Rights Movement. through the leveraged buyout of Beatrice Hanukkah Begins (sundown) International Foods, born.

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1872: P.B.S. Pinchback of Louisiana becomes 1950: Dr. Ralph J. Bunche becomes fi rst African 1926: Blues singer Willie Mae “Big Mama” 1995: Willie Brown defeats incumbent 1944: First black servicewomen sworn 1829: John Mercer Langston, 1883: William A. Hinton, fi rst African American fi rst black governor. American awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Thornton born. Frank Jordan to become the fi rst African in to the WAVES. congressman and founder of Howard on Harvard Medical School faculty, born. American mayor of San Francisco. University Law Department, born.

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

1976: Andrew Young nominated by 1802: Teacher and minister Henry Adams born. 1865: Congress passes 13th Amendment, 1875: Educator Carter G. Woodson, 1860: South Carolina secedes from the 1911: Baseball legend Josh Gibson born. 1883: Arthur Wergs Mitchell, fi rst black President Jimmy Carter to be U.S. ambassador abolishing slavery. “Father of Black History,” born. Union, initiating the Civil War. Democrat to be elected to Congress, born. to United Nations.

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1867: Sarah “Madam C.J.” Walker, 1832: Charter granted to Georgia Infi rmary, 1907: Cab Calloway, bandleader and fi rst 2011: Sam Rivers, jazz legend, dies. 1862: African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church 1905: Earl “Fatha” Hines, “Father of Modern 1924: Author, sportswriter A.S. “Doc” businesswoman and fi rst black female the fi rst black hospital. jazz singer to sell 1 million records, born. founded in New Bern, North Carolina. Jazz Piano,” born. Young born. millionaire, born. Kwanzaa Begins Christmas

30 31 1892: Dr. Miles V. Lynk publishes fi rst black 1930: Odetta, blues and folk singer, born. medical journal for physicians, the Medical and Surgical Observer.

2012 Aetna African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericanhistorycalendar.com Biographies

Natalia Allen Mr. Cuffe is a graduate of Wesleyan University, and holds master’s degrees His mission is to share the gift of music with everyone and to change the Natalia Allen is a fashion designer and surfer who combines green from Harvard University’s Graduate School of Business and John F. Kennedy way the world learns music, one person at a time. He believes music and and tech to create innovative styles using environmentally and socially School of Government. He also serves as a board member for the Hamilton the arts have the ability to heal, inspire, connect us, further movements, responsible practices. County School for Math and Science in Hamilton, Ohio. and touch the soul.

Called the “Conscientious Fashionista,” Ms. Allen founded Design Selena Cuffe served as a marketer for the Council on International Mr. Griggs enjoys traveling around the world as an invited speaker at Futurist in 2005. She has developed textiles integrating conductive fibers Educational Exchange (CIEE) and the Procter & Gamble Company, where seminars, workshops, and summits, where he teaches businesspeople for DuPont, rain gear free of petroleum-based chemicals for DKNY® and she was a manager on the Pringles® brand, one of P&G’s coveted billion and entrepreneurs how to imitate his success. He was named a “Top 10 photoluminescent fabrics for athletic wear. Winner of the Young Scientist/ dollar global brands. She managed CIEE’s $100 million marketing budget Superstar Under 30” by Dun & Bradstreet and a “Top Entrepreneur Entrepreneur Partnership Award from the IAP Global Network of Science for North America; supported the commercialization of all Pringles flavors Under 25” by Kiplinger and MSN Money. Academies, she is developing, with scientist Stephen Miller, synthetic in the U.S., Canada, and Latin America; and developed marketing plans to textiles from plants. reach African American and Hispanic customers. She also supported the Having seen his company grow from a few hundred dollars a month into launch of Tampax Pearl®, the first category innovation of P&G’s feminine a million dollar business constantly reminds Mr. Griggs of his humble Ms. Allen is educating business leaders and students both nationally care business unit in more than 20 years. beginnings. He ‘gives back’ by sharing his story with entrepreneurs and and internationally on the future of fashion as well as manufacturing young people all over the country. her own sustainable fashion line. In January 2012, Time Warner Cable Mrs. Cuffe is a graduate of Stanford University and holds an MBA with interviewed Ms. Allen about her pioneering career path for the honors from Harvard University. She also serves on the Bing Overseas Mr. Griggs’ future plans include an inner-city speaking tour, where he’ll “Born to Shine” television series. Studies Advisory Council at Stanford University, the Alumni Board of the encourage young people to have big dreams just like he did. He also plans Harvard Business School and the Advisory Board of House of Mandela to expand the “HearandPlay” model to offline learning centers in Ms. Allen is a member of the Consumer Industry Agenda Council of the (South Africa). metropolitan areas. World Economic Forum and the Social Venture Network. She also holds the Generation Award from Women Inspiration & Enterprise. A graduate of Both Mr. and Mrs. Cuffe recently have become weekly columnists A graduate of University of California, Irvine, Mr. Griggs is married to his Parsons The New School For Design, where she won the coveted Designer for Inc. magazine. high school sweetheart and has three children. He currently resides in of the Year Award, Ms. Allen has shared her knowledge of green fashion at Orange County, Calif. conferences in the U.S., China, Saudi Arabia and Davos. Ms. Allen is one of Dr. Farrah Gray the World Economic Forum’s “Young Global Leaders,” one of Fast Company’s Raised in the impoverished south side of Chicago, Dr. Farrah Gray Kenneth L. Harris “100 Most Creative,” and one of Utne Reader’s “25 Visionaries Who Are defied the odds and became a self-made millionaire by the age of 14. Kenneth L. Harris, founder of the International Detroit Black Expo, Inc., Changing Your World.” In his rise from poverty to national and international prominence as has worked to bridge the gap between minority-owned businesses an entrepreneurial icon and preeminent power speaker, Dr. Gray has throughout the region. He is a socially conscious individual, having Ashton Lee and Ryan Anthony Clark inspired millions around the world. always been passionate about helping African Americans and other Ashton Lee Clark and Ryan Anthony Clark have been serial entrepreneurs minorities realize their dreams through economic empowerment. since high school. They have created several successful Internet businesses, Now 27, Dr. Gray is a celebrity entrepreneur, philanthropist, best-selling including LudaKicks.com, 247Mixtapes.com and UTicketIt.com, receiving author and syndicated columnist who has been placed #3 on MSN.com’s Born and raised in Detroit, Mr. Harris has been a pioneer in helping many honors for their entrepreneurial endeavors. In 2009, Ashton and Young Tycoon list along with Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg. minorities attain economic equality. In 2009, Mr. Harris was elected to the Ryan were named “2 of 7 Next Generation: Emerging Leaders Under 40” by Detroit Charter Commission in a highly contested citywide race featuring Diversity Executive magazine for their entrepreneurial success in college. Also Dr. Gray was motivated from a very young age to “do good by doing well.” 54 candidates. Since his election, he has been an integral part of the in 2009, they were finalists in Entrepreneur magazine’s and mtvU’s business At six years old, he began selling homemade body lotion and hand-painted nine-member commission that will revise the entire governing structure plan competitions with UTicketIt.com. In 2010, they competed in the Idea rocks as bookends door-to-door. At age seven, he carried business cards of the city of Detroit, one that has been revised only three times in the 2 Product regional competition for UTicketIt in St. Louis, which led them reading “21st Century CEO.” At eight years old, he started UNEEC (Urban history of the city. Through his position, Mr. Harris is working to help to the global competition as finalists. In 2011 Ashton and Ryan were listed Neighborhood Economic Enterprise Club). Detroit rebuild its economic future. as #2 on YFS (Young, Fabulous & Self-Employed) magazine’s Top 20 Young Entrepreneurs of 2011.

Ashton Clark is an information strategy consultant at Accenture, where he Between the ages of 12 and 16, Dr. Gray founded and operated A former NCAA® Basketball Academic All-American point-guard for Clark assists executives in identifying, improving and managing information from business ventures that included KIDZTEL prepaid phone cards and Atlanta University, Mr. Harris was the first African American chief of staff a strategic perspective. In his spare time, he plans events for the Chicago Farr-Out Foods, which generated orders exceeding $1.5 million. and executive assistant to the mayor of Southfield, Mich.; first African African American Special Interest Group to bring the Chicago Accenture American counseling psychologist for St. John Community Health; and black community together. When Dr. Gray was 16, he acquired INNERCITY magazine from Inner the first African American vice president of business development for the City Broadcasting Corporation, the largest privately held radio Michigan Minority Supplier Diversity Council, Inc. Additionally, Mr. Harris is Ashton is an alumnus of both the College of Business and College of broadcasting company in the U.S. reaching African Americans. the president and CEO of the Michigan Black Chamber of Commerce and Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where serves on the U.S. Black Chamber of Commerce board of directors. he studied accountancy, with a minor in technology and management. Dr. Gray believes that action, as always, counts for more than mere words. He also is an alumnus of the Management Leadership for Tomorrow, He contributes his personal income from speaking engagements to the Recently, Mr. Harris received the U.S. Small Business Administration 2007 MLT and The Institute for Responsible Citizenship programs. In college, Farrah Gray Foundation, which provides quarterly grants to local after- Minority Business Advocate of the Year award and was inducted into Who’s Ashton was executive president of the National Black MBA Association school and summer programs for inner-city youth; and literacy, tutoring, Who in Black Detroit Most Influential. Mr. Harris was inducted into Crain’s (the first undergraduate chapter in the nation) and was awarded the and mentoring programs for underperforming students. Detroit Business “Class of 2007 40 under 40”; and also received the 2008 NBMBA undergraduate scholarship. Excellence Award for Economic Empowerment by 100 Black Men of Greater Dr. Gray launched FundingEntrepreneurs.com for seed-stage entrepreneurs Detroit, Inc. He received the 2010 Michigan Front Page “30 in their 30s” Ryan Clark works for an alternative investments firm, where he serves to find mentors, advisors and angel investors via the Internet. He founded award and in September 2011 was chosen for the DBusiness magazine as the liaison between software development and client services. In his the University Of Business Futures (UBF), a virtual university in inner-city “30 in their 30s Most Influential.” position, Ryan automates processes, and leads training and support for venues that helps at-risk youth become America’s future entrepreneurs. newly implemented technologies. UBF helps its disadvantaged students gain the self-knowledge necessary Mr. Harris graduated with a B.A. in psychology and M.A. in counseling to build successful businesses. psychology from Clark Atlanta University, and an educational specialist Ryan graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from degree from Wayne State University. He received a doctorate of humane both the College of Business and College of Engineering. He received a Dr. Gray is CEO of Farrah Gray Publishing, a boutique book publishing letters from Detroit’s Lewis College of Business in 2008, and an educational B.S. in accountancy, and a minor in Technology and Management. In house that is one of the largest African American-owned book publishing specialist degree in educational leadership and policy studies from college, Ryan served as president of the Multicultural Leadership Group companies in the country. Wayne State University. Mr. Harris is a Ph.D. candidate in African (MLG). He was awarded the MLG Scholarship for academic, professional American and African Studies at Michigan State University’s Eli Broad and community involvement, which placed him in the top 2 percent of Dr. Gray was named one of the most influential black men in America College of Business. MLG members. Ryan also was the proud recipient of the 2009 National by the National Urban League’s Urban Influence magazine and one of Black Engineer Award for Student Leadership Award. In addition, Ryan was BET’s 12 Famous Black Entrepreneurs. Lisa Price awarded the 2009 ICIC (Initiative for a Competitive Inner City) Growing Up From humble beginnings in her Brooklyn kitchen, Lisa Price, founder CEO Award, which honors America’s top inner-city youth entrepreneurs. Dr. Gray continues his philanthropic work as the spokesman for the of Carol’s Daughter, Inc., transformed her beloved hobby of mixing up National Coalition for the Homeless. In memory of his late sister, Greek fragrances and creams at home into a multimillion dollar beauty empire. Follow Ashton and Ryan Clark on Twitter @ashtonlclark and @rclark88. Gray, who had acute myelogenous leukemia, he partnered with the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) to launch a nationwide campaign to create In the early 1990s, Ms. Price began experimenting with making her own Khary and Selena Cuffe awareness about the need for African American donors, and recruit African fragrances and perfume sprays when she wasn’t busy working on the Khary Cuffe is cofounder and CFO, and Selena Cuffe is president and Americans to join NMDP’s national marrow donor registry. legendary sitcom “The Cosby Show.” She added oils to unscented lotions, CEO of Heritage Link Brands, LLC (www.heritagelinkbrands.com), an and began learning the aromatherapeutic and healing properties of importer of wines from South Africa and her Diaspora. Jermaine Griggs the oils. Twenty-eight-year-old Jermaine Griggs is a minister, musician, entrepreneur Khary Cuffe served as a marketer for the Procter & Gamble Company (P&G); and public speaker. Having grown up in the inner city of Long Beach, Calif., When the show finished its remarkable run, Ms. Price used the end of where he was responsible for a global multifunctional marketing team with his mom and sister, he always envisioned creating a better life through one chapter of her life to embark on another. With $100 in cash, her own for Pampers®, P&G’s largest brand, and for Old Spice®. He led commercial his own enterprise. At 16, he founded Hear and Play Music, an instructional kitchen, and the simple notion that people should follow their hearts, strategy and product initiative development, including claims, demos, music company specializing in teaching piano by ear. With only $70, he Ms. Price started building the collection that would become a beauty TV advertising, digital and print copy development for all developing bought the name HearandPlay.com and launched the company that would revolution. She began by selling her homespun beauty products at flea and emerging markets. not only change his life but hundreds of thousands of musicians around markets, but then had to set up shop in her living room as demand the world through his books, DVDs and training courses. increased. Favorable word-of-mouth spread like wildfire.

Twelve years later, more than 2 million aspiring musicians download his online lessons every year, and over 300,000 loyal students receive his newsletters.

2012 Aetna African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericanhistorycalendar.com Biographies

In 1994, Ms. Price officially established Carol’s Daughter, Inc. (the company Dr. Juliet E.K. Walker Gabrielle Jordan Williams lovingly named after her mother). Initially starting out with a handful of steady A history professor and founder and director of the Center for Black Business Gabrielle Jordan Williams became an entrepreneur and speaker at the age of customers, those numbers grew in leaps and bounds as women outside her History, Entrepreneurship and Technology at the University of Texas at Austin, 9, and author at the age of 11. She began creating jewelry at the age of 7 after neighborhood and circle of friends began to take notice. Almost overnight, Dr. Juliet E.K. Walker is the foremost scholar in black business history; with her watching an instructional video on YouTube. Since then, she has aggressively celebrities such as Jada Pinkett-Smith, Erykah Badu, Rosie Perez and publications providing the foundation as a subfield in African American pursued her craft with the passion of a seasoned pro. Halle Berry became loyal customers. history. In 2010, she was awarded the Carter G. Woodson Scholars Medallion by the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH). Founded in 2009, Miss Williams’ Maryland-based jewelry company, Jewelz of Today, Carol’s Daughter sells millions of dollars worth of products, employs Jordan, sells beautiful fashion jewelry for both women and girls with a focus more than 80 staff members and boasts nine stores across the country, with Dr. Walker is author of The History of Black Business in America: Capitalism, Race, on mother-daughter matching jewelry. Miss Williams’ pieces were primarily a flagship store in Harlem. Ms. Price hopes to continue expanding Carol’s Entrepreneurship (1998, 2009), the first and only comprehensive study of sold to friends and family until 2010 when she began vending at seminars Daughter to other cities. African American business; editor of the Encyclopedia of African American and workshops. She launched her online store in June 2011. Business History (1999); and author of more than 90 articles, essays, and Ms. Price is dedicated to giving back to the community through both her encyclopedia entries. A motivational speaker and author of the book The Making of a Young business and her personal life. She has taken a hands-on approach to Entrepreneur, Miss Williams loves promoting entrepreneurship and the involvement in fund-raising efforts for the Foundation for the Advancement Dr. Walker’s research has been supported by fellowships from Princeton importance of pursuing one’s dreams. She has spoken to hundreds of of Women Now. Additionally, Ms. Price generously and frequently offers University, the Radcliff Institute, the Ford and Rockefeller foundations, youth at Girl Scout events, youth entrepreneurship workshops, youth product donations to community organizations both large and small in National Endowment for the Humanities, and the American Historical writers’ workshops, youth events and on radio shows. Miss Williams has an effort to help Carol’s Daughter’s extended friends and family with their Association. She also held a Senior Fulbright Teaching and Research been recognized by the Entrepreneur and Professional Network as the own outreach and fund-raising efforts. Fellowship in South Africa. “2011 Rising Star Young Entrepreneur of the Year,” “One of the Most Influential Community Leaders” by Sharpermind Consultants and by Mayor Stephanie Most recently, Ms. Price has been appointed a member of the National A University of Chicago Ph.D. under Dr. John Hope Franklin, with postdoctoral Rawling-Blake of the city of Baltimore, Md. Miss Williams also was the Women’s Business Council, an independent source of advice and policy work at Harvard University’s Du Bois Institute, Dr. Walker’s development of recipient of the first annual EPNET Young Entrepreneur Scholarship. recommendations to the president, Congress, and the U.S. Small Business the black business history field began with her book Free Frank: A Black Administration on economic issues that face female business owners. Pioneer on the Antebellum Frontier (1983). Miss Williams is in the sixth grade, where she consistently maintains a 3.30 GPA or better. She is a member of the Future Business Leaders of Ms. Price and her husband, Gordon, have two sons and a daughter, and live Dr. Walker is an Alpha Kappa Alpha soror and serves on the boards of the America and is a peer mediator. Her favorite subject is science. Her career in Brooklyn, N.Y. When she can find the time (between managing her business National Black Herstory Task Force; ASALH; The Empowerment Experiment; goals are to become a gemologist, international speaker, bestselling and family), Ms. Price enjoys going to the beach, reading, crocheting, and Minorities For Equality In Education, Liberty and Justice; and the Texas NAACP. author and philanthropist. watching movies. She has two sons and three grandchildren, Zachary, Brianna, and Bryce. Amos Winbush, III James Taylor Hamet Watt Amos Winbush, III is the CEO and mastermind behind CyberSynchs, the If you’re not successful at achieving the first Plan A, get another Plan A. Hamet Watt is an entrepreneur passionate about bringing groundbreaking world’s leading universal data transfer and synchronization company. It all Never settle for Plan B. ideas to market. He has launched several innovative companies, and frequently began when Mr. Winbush’s iPhone® crashed. Frustrated with no simple advises businesses on their marketing and media ventures. solution, he took charge of the problem and created a universal As a single father in high school, Mr. Taylor escaped poverty and beat the odds synchronization company with global reach. to earn an athletic scholarship to play college basketball at Lynn University Mr. Watt is a cofounder and co-CEO of bLife, Inc., a company that offers in Boca Raton, Fla. Regarded as one of the top guards in the nation, he was a innovative technology-based mobile tools to help users realize their own Mr. Winbush is one of the brightest CEOs under 30 in the tech industry. He Division II All-American as a freshman, sophomore, junior and senior. potential. Committed to real science and technology, bLife’s team has views today’s world of technology as an ecosystem supporting innovation and formed an impressive Scientific Advisory Board and is collaborating with valuing disruptors. Through his leadership and vision, Mr. Winbush quickly the Behavior Change Lab at Stanford University. grew CyberSynchs into the multimillion dollar company it is today.

Mr. Taylor serves as the founder and president of A Taylored Heart Foundation, Mr. Watt also is chairman of MoviePass and was previously an Projecting vision and wisdom beyond his years, Mr. Winbush stands out from a not-for-profit organization that emphasizes the three A’s – Attitude, Academics, entrepreneur-in-residence with True Ventures. the tech industry’s sea of hoodies and jeans with signature-coordinated and Athletics – to provide at-risk youth with vital leadership and character bow ties, argyle socks and pocket squares. His manicured attire recalls education. Mr. Taylor launched Urban Excellence, his first business, as a Mr. Watt founded NextMedium – the first full-service platform for buying, memories of a more formal business acumen. He continues to lead the 19-year-old college sophomore. The business provided educational scholarship selling and measuring product placement across entertainment content. CyberSynchs executive team on the path of high growth, revolutionizing coaching and consulting to high school students to help ease the burden Mr. Watt’s Embed® platform was adopted by NBC, MTV and BET; leading the world of data synchronization for virtually any digital device. and stress of locating and applying for scholarships. Mr. Taylor traveled around media agencies; and more than 100 brands. Business 2.0 called NextMedium, the country conducting workshops and building successful college prep which was subsequently acquired by Brand Affinity Technologies, one of “the Mr. Winbush directs his passion, energy and intellect into everything he does, programs for organizations such as the YMCA, Boys and Girls Clubs, and next disruptors.” Prior to founding NextMedium, Mr. Watt helped Nielsen including his dedication to education and improving the social condition. the Urban League. Media Research develop its product placement measurement service. Understanding and devoted to providing technical tools and education in both rural and urban areas, Mr. Winbush donates resources and technology In 2005, Mr. Taylor signed a professional basketball contract that landed him Mr. Watt also previously served as a general partner at Sloan Financial Group’s to schools nationwide. He is involved with and speaks frequently to in Australia, Russia and the NBA Development League. When his Plan A, $120 million New Africa Opportunity Fund, the first U.S.-backed venture fund organizations that promote social change such as the New York Urban making the NBA, didn’t happen, he changed course; leaving the basketball investing in post-apartheid South Africa. He has invested in a broad spectrum League and Project Enterprise, among others. court for the boardroom. Mr. Taylor launched Taylored Athletes Sports, Inc., of companies operating in southern Africa. and introduced South Florida to his Pro At Your Door™ Basketball Training Mr. Winbush also speaks frequently to various business groups, at technology Service in 2008. A leader in the Los Angeles entrepreneurial community, Mr. Watt sits on the and political events, and to youth organizations. His many speaking board of the LA Venture Association and is active with other entrepreneurial engagements have included the Black Enterprise Conference for three Taylored Athletes Sports now works with 3,000 youth annually, providing organizations. He has frequently been noted in the national press for consecutive years, the 14th Annual Wall Street Conference, Project educational leadership training through its afterschool programs, AAU innovation in media and entrepreneurship; and has been featured in Enterprise Entrepreneur Week, the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation’s basketball clubs, 5 on 5 tournaments, school sports consulting, empowerment publications such as Entrepreneur, The Wall Street Journal, The Los Angeles 41st Annual Legislative Conference, the Performance Conference and the workshops, summer camps and programs in South Florida. The company Times, and Forbes. JAVAONE West Conference. has forged strategic partnerships with national organizations such as Sports Authority, Med Express, National Down Syndrome Society Buddy Walk, Mr. Watt studied business at Florida A&M. He lives in Los Angeles, Calif., His numerous awards and honors include The Network Journal’s 40-Under-40, Lynn University, Florida Atlantic University and Garden of Life. with his wife, Joy, and his son, Zion. New York Enterprise Report’s Game Changer, Most Influential CEOs Under 30, Under30CEO.com, and the Project Enterprise Inspiration Award (all in 2011); Mr. Taylor was honored on November 17, 2011, at the White House as one of Tina Wells Entrepreneur magazine’s 100 Brilliant Companies and Inc. magazine’s Black our country’s Top100 Entrepreneurs Aged 30 and Under. He also was named Tina Wells, CEO and founder of Buzz Marketing Group, earned her B.A. in Enterprise’s Innovator of the Year (both in 2010). to the Empact100. Both the success of Taylored Athletes Sports, Inc. and the Communication Arts graduating with honors from Hood College in 2002. Empact100 list are testament to the impact young entrepreneurs have on Currently a Wharton School of Business student for marketing management, the American economy. The 100 companies on the list are responsible for Ms. Wells continues to create innovative marketing strategies for numerous contributing over 2,500 jobs and over $374 million in revenue. clients within the beauty, entertainment, fashion, financial and lifestyle sectors. Ms. Wells has worked with clients that include Maidenform, Inc.; Mr. Taylor holds a graduate degree in sports administration and marketing, Sony Music Entertainment; PBS; Procter & Gamble; Sesame Workshop; and an undergraduate degree in business management from Lynn University. and American Eagle Outfitters, Inc. He has been featured in more than 50 state and local news publications on entrepreneurship, black issues in higher education, sports business, and the Ms. Wells’ long list of honors include Essence’s “40 Under 40,” Billboard’s social effects of cultural diversity in education. Mr. Taylor has trained over “30 Under 30,” and Inc.’s “30 Under 30.” She is the author of the tween series 5,000 athletes and provided creative consulting to brands such as Nike® Mackenzie Blue, published by HarperCollins Children’s Books; and the youth and Jordan®. marketing handbook Chasing Youth Culture And Getting It Right, which was published by Wiley in April 2011.

Ms. Wells is a celebrated blogger on The Huffington Post. She serves on the board of directors of the Philadelphia Orchestra Association, The Franklin Institute, Symphony in C and The Young Entrepreneur Council. She resides in Southern New Jersey.

2012 Aetna African American History Calendar www.aetnaafricanamericanhistorycalendar.com