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Araneae: Sparassidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329620647 Huntsman spiders (Araneae: Sparassidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China Article in Zootaxa · June 2010 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2508.1.4 CITATIONS READS 6 13 3 authors, including: Jie Liu Hubei University 63 PUBLICATIONS 244 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Taxonomy on Chinese Sparassidae View project insecticide resistance View project All content following this page was uploaded by Jie Liu on 29 March 2020. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Zootaxa 2508: 56–64 (2010) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2010 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Huntsman spiders (Araneae: Sparassidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China JIE LIU1, 3, SHUQIANG LI1 & PETER JÄGER2, 4 1 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2 Senckenberg Research Institute, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 3College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China 4Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract An extensive faunal survey of spiders from Xishuangbanna was carried out over one year (July 2006–August 2007) using various collecting techniques (ground pitfall traps, trunk pitfall traps, fogging and hand collecting). Three known Sparassidae species were collected: Heteropoda tetrica Thorell, 1897, Pseudopoda songi Jäger, 2008, and Pseudopoda namkhan Jäger, Pathoumthong & Vedel, 2006, the latter reported for the first time from China. Thelcticopis zhengi sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on males and females. All specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZCAS) and Research Institute Senckenberg in Frankfurt am Main (SMF). Key words: Taxonomy, fauna, new species, new record, Yunnan Introduction The rainforest in Xishuangbanna prefecture represents a transition from tropical to subtropical forest. It harbours more species diversity than typical tropical rain forests of Southeast Asia (Zhu et al. 2006), and is therefore a key area in biogeography and a hotspot for biodiversity (Myers 1988). Nevertheless, since the 1960s, Xishuangbanna suffered from a certain anthropogenic influence and a loss of multifaceted landscape by monocropping. Natural forest cover has decreased dramatically from 63% to 34% (Yan & Chen 1992). Extensive exotic rubber plantations have been established, causing a significant loss of indigenous rainforest habitats and leading towards irreversible damage to its local ecological environment. The increased destruction of natural habitats by humans has intensified the need for registering biodiversity data to support conservation and management decisions (Sørensen 2004). Spiders are among the most diverse and abundant invertebrate predators in terrestrial ecosystems (Wise 1993, Nyffeler 2000). An extensive faunal survey focused on spiders from Xishuangbanna over one year (July 2006–August 2007) using various collecting techniques (ground pitfall traps, trunk pitfall traps, canopy fogging and hand collecting). It was carried out by colleagues from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In the present paper we report on the spider family Sparassidae. This group is mainly known as large hunting spiders, living on tree bark, in shrub leaves, rock crevices or in synanthropic habitats, which may play an important role in ecosystems. The survey yielded four Sparassidae species, one of which is new to science and herein described. Material and methods Specimens were examined using an Olympus SZ40 stereomicroscope. Further details were studied under an Olympus BX41 compound microscope. All illustrations were made using a drawing tube and inked on ink jet 56 Accepted by C. Muster: 3 May 2010; published: 16 Jun. 2010 plotter paper. Photos were taken with an Olympus C7070 wide zoom digital camera (7.1 megapixels) mounted on an Olympus SZX12 stereomicroscope. Male palps and female genitalia were examined and illustrated after they were dissected from the spiders’ bodies. Some embolic divisions were dissected from male palps and mounted in Hoyer’s Solution by strong transmitted light against a white background. Vulvae of females were cleared in 90% lactic acid. All measurements were taken using an Olympus SZ40 stereomicroscope. Leg measurements are shown as: total length (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Spines are listed for each segment in the following order: prolateral, dorsal, retrolateral, ventral, the latter are missing in femora and patellae. Abbreviations used in the text: Alt — altitude; ALE — anterior lateral eyes; AME — anterior median eyes; AW — anterior width of prosoma; IZCAS — Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences Beijing, China; PLE — posterior lateral eyes; PME — posterior median eyes; RTA — retrolateral tibial apophysis; SMF — Senckenberg Museum Frankfurt am Main; I, II, III, IV — legs I to IV. More type specimen photos of the species included in this paper can be viewed in Li & Wang (2010). Taxonomy Family Sparassidae Bertkau, 1872 Subfamily Heteropodinae Thorell, 1873 Diagnosis. Small to very large Sparassidae (body length 5–50 mm). Distinguished from other Sparassidae by the following combination of characters: 1. Chelicerae with 3 anterior, mostly 4 posterior teeth, and denticles in cheliceral furrow, 2. Dorsal trilobate membrane on distal metatarsi with median hook and lateral projections well developed and of the same length, 3. Both eye rows recurved, lateral eyes usually larger than median eyes, 4. Female palpal claw with long and curved teeth (exception: Spariolenus). Moreover, Heteropodinae lack a median apophysis in the male palp, present in Sparianthinae. Genus Heteropoda Latreille, 1804 Heteropoda tetrica Thorell, 1897 Fig. 1 Heteropoda tetrica Thorell, 1897: 33. Jäger 2001: 22, figs 16a–g; Jäger 2005: 99, figs 46–49; Eusemann & Jäger 2009: 502, figs 1–7. Material examined. CHINA: Yunnan Province: 3 males, Xishuangbanna City, Mengla County, Menglun town, rubber-tea plantation (about 20 years), N 21º55.551’, E 101º16.923’, Alt: 561 m, 18 April 2007, Guo Zheng leg. (IZCAS). Distribution. Myanmar: Kayah State (type locality). Laos: Houaphan Prov., Khammouan Prov., Vientiane Prov., Luang Nam Tha Prov., Luang Prabang Prov. China: Yunnan Prov. (Fig. 23), Guangxi Prov. Thailand: Nan Prov., Chiang Mai Prov., Thammarat Prov., Krabi Prov., Satun Prov., Trat Prov. Vietnam: Quang Binh Prov., Cao Bang Prov. Malaysia: Wilayah Persekutuan. Singapore. Indonesia: Sumatra. (Eusemann & Jäger 2009, unpubl. data). Natural history. This species is considered by Eusemann and Jäger (2009) one of the most common species in its distribution range in natural habitats. Another common Sparassidae is Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus, 1767), but the latter species is common in human settlements in and close to buildings. The present spiders were collected in ground pitfall traps, suggesting that this species may live on the forest floor or in the leaf litter (as known from habitats in Laos: Jäger 2007, Jäger & Praxaysombath 2009). SPARASSIDAE FROM XISHUANGBANNA Zootaxa 2508 © 2010 Magnolia Press · 57 FIGURE 1. The location of Menglun Natural Reserve of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture. Genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 Pseudopoda namkhan Jäger, Pathoumthong & Vedel, 2006 Fig. 1 Pseudopoda namkhan Jäger et al., 2006: 222, figs 20–28, 35–40. Jäger and Praxaysombath 2009: 44. Material examined. CHINA: Yunnan Province: 3 males, 3 females, Xishuangbanna City, Mengla County, Menglun town, secondary tropical seasonal moist forest, N 21º54.718’, E 101º16.940’, Alt: 645 m, 27 July 2007, Guo Zheng leg. (3 males, 2 females IZCAS, 1 female SMF); ditto, 1 male, 2 females, secondary tropical seasonal rain forest, N 21º55.428’, E 101º16.441’, Alt: 598 m, 5 May 2007, Guo Zheng leg. (IZCAS); ditto, 1 female, Paramichelia baillonii plantation (about 20 years) N 21º53.823’, 101º17.072’, Alt: 613 m, 10 May 2007, Guo Zheng leg. (IZCAS); ditto, 1 male, 3 females, secondary tropical montane evergreen broad-leaved forest, N 21º55.428’, E 101º16.441’, Alt: 598 m, 4 August 2007, Guo Zheng leg. (3 females IZCAS, 1 male SMF). Distribution. China: Yunnan Prov. Laos: Luangphabang Prov. Natural history. Most Pseudopoda species inhabit the leaf litter of humid habitats (Jäger 2001). However, P. namkhan was observed on leaves in the herbal layer as well as in the foliage of lower branches of trees. According to these observations Jäger et al. (2006) suspect that it can also occur in higher strata, e.g., the canopy. It is the first record of this species from China, which extends the distribution range approximately 250 km farther north. In Laos, spiders were collected at altidues ranging from 300 to 400 m 58 · Zootaxa 2508 © 2010 Magnolia Press LIU ET AL. above sea level, whereas in higher altitudes in Ban Keng Koung, i.e. 700–1000 m, another Pseudopoda species lived in the leaf litter, P. wang Jäger & Praxaysombath, 2009 (Jäger & Praxaysombath 2009). The phenomenon of vertical partitioning and coexistence is known from Pseudopoda spp. in Nepal from many localities (Jäger 2001: 116, figs 74–75). The present specimens were collected with both trunk pitfall traps and canopy fogging, this species may live in the canopy as well as in the foliage of lower strata. FIGURES 2A–B. Thelcticopis zhengi sp. nov. A Left male palp, prolateral view; B Same, retrolateral
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