Extensions of Remarks E48 HON. EDOLPHUS
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Khalistan: a History of the Sikhs' Struggle from Communal Award To
Khalistan: A History of the Sikhs’ Struggle from Communal Award to Partition of India 1947 This Dissertation is Being Submitted To The University Of The Punjab In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For The Degree Of Doctor Of Philosophy In History Ph. D Thesis Submitted By Samina Iqbal Roll No. 1 Supervisor Prof. Dr. Muhammad Iqbal Chawla Department of History and Pakistan Studies University of the Punjab, March, 2020 Khalistan: A History of the Sikhs’ Struggle from Communal Award to Partition of India 1947 Declaration I, hereby, declare that this Ph. D thesis titled “Khalistan: A History of the Sikhs’ Struggle from Communal Award to Partition of India 1947” is the result of my personal research and is not being submitted concurrently to any other University for any degree or whatsoever. Samina Iqbal Ph. D. Scholar Dedication To my husband, my mother, beloved kids and all the people in my life who touch my heart and encouraged me. Certificate by Supervisor Certificate by Research Supervisor This is to certify that Samina Iqbal has completed her Dissertation entitled “Khalistan: A History of the Sikhs’ Struggle from Communal Award to Partition of India 1947” under my supervision. It fulfills the requirements necessary for submission of the dissertation for the Doctor of Philosophy in History. Supervisor Chairman, Department of History & Pakistan Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore Submitted Through Prof. Dr. Muhammad Iqbal Chawla Prof. Dr. Muhammad Iqbal Chawla Dean, Faculty of Arts & Humanities, University of the Punjab, Lahore. Acknowledgement Allah is most merciful and forgiving. I can never thank Allah enough for the countless bounties. -
Gaining Authority and Legitimacy: Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee and the Golden Temple C. 1920–2000 by Gurveen Kaur K
Gaining Authority and Legitimacy: Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee and the Golden Temple c. 1920–2000 by Gurveen Kaur Khurana A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology and History) in The University of Michigan 2019 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Farina Mir, Co-Chair Professor Mrinalini Sinha, Co-Chair Associate Professor William Glover Professor Paul C. Johnson Professor Webb Keane Gurveen Kaur Khurana [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5452-9968 © Gurveen Kaur Khurana 2019 DEDICATION To Samarth, Ozzie and Papa ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is only a part of the journey that began more than ten years ago, and there are many that have made it possible for me to get here. I would like to take this opportunity to thank them for their support along the way. My greatest debt is to my dissertation advisors Mrinalini Sinha and Farina Mir. Mrinalini has supported me through out and has always been a source of intellectual support and more. She has allowed me the freedom to grow and gain from her vast knowledge, while being patient with me finding my way. There are no words that can express my gratitude to her for all that she has done. Farina Mir’s rigor sets high standards for us all and will guide my way over the years. The rest of my committee, Webb Keane, William Glover and Paul Johnson have all been wonderful with their time and support through this dissertation writing. My deepest thanks also to Dilip Menon, Shahid Amin, Sunil Kumar and Neeladri Bhattacharya for the early intellectual training in historical thinking and methodology. -
Multi Cultural Information File
Version 1 Last Revision Date 2007 Multi Cultural Information File DOCUMENT CONTROL POLICY NAME Multi Cultural Information File Department Human Resources Telephone Number 01443 424075 Initial Policy Launch Date 2007 Reviewing Officer Dilys Jouvenat Review Date Date of Equality Impact N/A Assessment REVISION HISTORY Date Revised By 2007 Dilys Jouvenat DOCUMENT APPROVAL This document has received approval from: Date of Approval HR Senior Management Team Corporate Management Team Cabinet CONTENTS Introduction.................................................................................................................1 Understanding Differences – Do’s & Don’ts ...............................................................3 Do ...........................................................................................................................3 Don’t .......................................................................................................................4 Census 2001 ..............................................................................................................5 Words and Terminology .............................................................................................6 Glossary of Language & Terms..................................................................................7 Access ....................................................................................................................7 Adverse Impact.......................................................................................................7 -
Amrita Pritam ----She Lived by Her Own Rules Big Hike in Cash Prize for Sports Persons
www.punjabadvanceonline.com Gandhi Jayanti (Oct 2) 2 Punjab Advance August 2016 Editorial Where is that glory that reverence the Punjab farmers enjoyed when they put everything at stake to usher in the Green Revolution. They responded to the call of the nation, abandoned the traditional farming methods in the late 1960s and 1970s and fell to the crafty advisers from the US and other countries to grow crops the American way – with chemicals, high- yielding seeds and irrigation. The selfless devotion of the Punjab farmer, saw the nation climb up the lad - der. From a beggar it became an exporter of grains. Yes the country food bowl was overflowing with grains, but at the cost of the dwindling groundwater of Punjab. The new miracle seeds produced far bigger yields, but they came with a catch: The thirsty crops needed much more water than natural rainfall could provide, so the farmers had to dig wells and irrigate with groundwater. The demand for more grains, saw the farmers pumping excessive groundwater to irrigate their crops resulting in a dramatic fall in the water table. The level began to drop more than 3 feet every year. Deeper water table meant high powered tubewells sucking out whatever was left deep down in the earth. The cost went up, the soil also started show - ing damage because of the chemicals. This is where the money lenders came into the picture. Excessive spending on agriculture because of low water table, bad soil and low MSP added to the woes. The mounting debts have taken their toll in farm suicides. -
Use of Theses
THESES SIS/LIBRARY TELEPHONE: +61 2 6125 4631 R.G. MENZIES LIBRARY BUILDING NO:2 FACSIMILE: +61 2 6125 4063 THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY EMAIL: [email protected] CANBERRA ACT 0200 AUSTRALIA USE OF THESES This copy is supplied for purposes of private study and research only. Passages from the thesis may not be copied or closely paraphrased without the written consent of the author. A World Reconstructed: Religion, Ritual And Community Among the Sikhs, 1850-1909. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Harjot S. Oberoi The Australian National University, Canberra March, 1987 This thesis is the result of my own research carried out while enrolled as a Ph.D candidate at the Australian National University, Canberra, December, 1982 to March, 1987. t) . ~ . c:i!:i.Ji~- Abstract The pluralistic paradigm of the Sikh faith for much of the nineteenth century allowed its adherents to belong to any one of the following traditions: U dasi, Nirmala, Suthresashi, Khalsa, Sangatsaihbie, Jitmalie, Bakhtatmlie, Mihansahie, Sahajdhari, Kuka and Sarvaria. Many of these Sikhs shaved their heads, freely smoked tobacco and hashish and were not particular about maintaing the five external symbols of the faith. In the absence of a centralized church and an attendant religious hierarchy, heterogeneity in religious beliefs, plurality of rituals, and diversity of life styles, were freely acknowledged. A pilgrimage to the Golden Temple could be supplemented with similar undertakings to the Ganges at Hardwar or the shrine of a Muslim saint. Attending seasonal festivals at Benares or Hardwar was in no way considered a transgression of prevailing Sikh doctrines, whatever teleological studies may like to assert today. -
Pakistan. Country Overview — 3
European Asylum Support Office EASO Country of Origin Information Report Pakistan Country Overview August 2015 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION European Asylum Support Office EASO EASO Country of Origin Information Report Pakistan Country Overview August 2015 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00800 numbers or these calls may be billed. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). ISBN 978-92-9243-510-3 doi:10.2847/991158 © European Asylum Support Office, 2015 Neither EASO nor any person acting on its behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. EASO Country of Origin Information Report — Pakistan. Country Overview — 3 Acknowledgments EASO would like to acknowledge the following national asylum and migration departments as the co-authors of this report: Austria, Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum, Country of Origin Information Department Belgium, Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, Cedoca (Centre for Documentation and Research) France, French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless persons (OFPRA), Information, Documentation and Research Division Hungary, Office of Immigration and Nationality, Documentation Centre UK, Home Office, Country Policy and Information Team The following departments reviewed this report: Ireland, Refugee Documentation Centre, Legal Aid Board Lithuania, Migration Department under Ministry of Internal Affairs, Asylum Affairs Division UNHCR has reviewed the report in relation to information for which UNHCR is quoted as the source, relating to persons of concern to UNHCR in Pakistan (refugees, asylum-seekers and stateless persons in Pakistan, as well as IDPs). -
“My Dad's Hindu, My Mum's Side Are Sikhs”: Issues in Religious Identity
“My Dad’s Hindu, my Mum's side are Sikhs”: Issues in Religious Identity Eleanor Nesbitt Contents FOREWORD 1 Summary 3 Hindu or Sikh? 4 The Valmikis and Ravidasis: background 4 The meaning of ‘religion’ 6 The interviews 7 Public Worship 8 Domestic worship 9 House-warming 10 SPECIAL FAMILY OCCASIONS 12 Marriages 12 Funeral rites 14 Shraddh 14 FESTIVALS 16 Lohri 16 Rakhi 16 Divali 17 Valmik Jayanti 18 Guru Ravidas’s Birthday 18 FOOD AND FASTING 19 Vegetarianism 19 Holy food 20 Amrit 20 Vrat 21 Karva Chauth 21 VISUAL IMAGES AND VIDEO 23 Pictures 23 Role of Video 24 THE CHILDRENS’ SENSE OF IDENTITY 27 School 27 Bhangra 27 THE INFLUENCE OF CHRISTIANITY 30 Christmas 30 Jesus 31 Christian caste-fellows 32 SANTS 33 Living spiritual teachers 33 Radhasoami teachers 33 Gian Nath 34 Babas in the Balaknath temples 34 Darshan Das 34 iii GENDER 36 Gender based obligations 36 Kanjakan 37 CONCLUSION 38 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: 40 FOOTNOTES 40 iv Note on the transcription of Indian words The Roman alphabet consists of fewer letters than the alphabets used for Indian languages. Unlike these languages, English is not written in a phonetically consistent way. In transliterating words from Punjabi and other North Indian languages I have adopted the following compromise. Where a word is already well-established in English I have used the usual spelling e.g. Punjab rather than the less familiar Panjab. Similarly where a Sanskrit form is already widely used I have retained this in lieu of a strict transliteration of the Punjabi e.g. Ramayana, Rama, not Ramain, Ram. -
Bhagwat Deplores Cow Vigilantism
@TheDailyPioneer facebook.com/dailypioneer RNI No.2016/1957, REGD NO. SSP/LW/NP-34/2016-18 Follow us on: Established 1864 OPINION 8 Published From WORLD 12 SPORT 15 DELHI LUCKNOW BHOPAL THIRTY MINUTES IN SHARIFS’ JAIL SENTENCES SRIKANTH ENTERS BHUBANESWAR RANCHI RAIPUR SALISBURY AND TWO RUSSIANS SUSPENDED, TO BE RELEASED CHINA OPEN PRE-Q/F CHANDIGARH DEHRADUN Late City Vol. 154 Issue 254 LUCKNOW, THURSDAY SEPTEMBER 20, 2018; PAGES 16 `3 *Air Surcharge Extra if Applicable PURSUE YOUR PASSION: SUNNY} LEONE } 14 VIVACITY www.dailypioneer.com No info from UAE Bhagwat deplores cow vigilantism on extradition of RSS chief demands Ram Temple at the earliest, hails inter-caste marriage DIPAK UPRETI n NEW DELHI small farmers, the RSS head Michel, says CBI said anyone believing that exis- SS chief Mohan Bhagwat tence of cow is for the benefit Quotes Agusta middleman cation from the United Arab Ron Wednesday called for of society would not indulge in Emirates (UAE). building a grand Ram Temple the act of lynching. * As a Sangh worker, head of goes into hiding, Michel’s lawyer Amal at Ayodhya at the earliest and At the same time, he assert- the sangh and as a part of Alsubei told an Indian televi- disapproved of lynching in the ed that cow smugglers should Ram Janambhoomi says his lawyer sion news channel that he name of cow vigilantism. He also be condemned and talked andaloan, I want that a could not be found. also called for mainitaining about. “The double-faced dia- grand Ram Temple should be PNS n NEW DELHI “He will be arrested if demographic balance and sup- logue cannot be allowed,” he constructed at the earliest at found. -
How Avoiding the Religion–Politics Divide Plays out in Sikh Politics
religions Article How Avoiding the Religion–Politics Divide Plays out in Sikh Politics Pashaura Singh Department of Religious Studies, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; [email protected] Received: 15 March 2019; Accepted: 24 April 2019; Published: 28 April 2019 Abstract: This article looks at the intersection of religion and politics in the evolution of the Sikh tradition in the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial periods in the Indian subcontinent. The Sikh notion of sovereignty is at the heart of the intersection of religious and secular domains, and this relationship is examined empirically and theoretically. In particular, the conception of m¯ır¯ı-p¯ır¯ı is presented as a possible explanation for understanding the ‘new developments’ in contemporary Sikh politics in India. Keywords: Akal Takhat; British Raj; halem¯ı raj;¯ Khalsa; m¯ır¯ı-p¯ır¯ı; religion and politics; secularism; SGPC; Akali Dal; Punjab 1. Introduction The purpose of this essay is to look at the changing dynamics of the intersection of religion and politics at various historical junctures in the evolution of the Sikh tradition, thereby understanding the more recent developments in Sikh politics in the Punjab. Notably, the distinction between the public and private spheres did not exist in the early Sikh tradition prior to the colonial rule of the early 19th century. The Sikh Gurus mediated the two spaces as one. For them and for societies of that time in India, this division did not exist. This is the same division as between religion and politics, or between church and state. In recent studies, “religion” is not considered simply a belief system or a purely interior impulse secreted away in the human soul and limited to the private sphere, or an institutional force separable from other non-religious or secular forces in the public domain. -
Who Are Sikhs? >
Who are Sikhs? <siqgur pRswid[[ Who are Sikhs? > > dyg qyg Pqih dyg qyg Pqih Maharaja Ranjit Singh The founder of Sikh Empire and head of Sarkare Khalsa watching the Sikhs returning from hunting expedition Dr Jagraj Singh Sikh Awareness Society of USA SASO USA Tampa--Florida Copyright Dr. Jagraj Singh 1 Who are Sikhs? <siqgur pRswid Who are Sikhs? • In simple words the Sikhs may be described as the people of yesterday, today and tomorrow. • In the words of Gokal Chand Narang, “Hindus had a religion but no national feeling while Guru Gobind Singh made nationalism the religion of the Khalsa”. History of the Sikhs, Gokal chand Narang • Na kahoon ab keen a kahoon tab kee je na hundey Guru Gobind Singh Sunnat hudee sab kee Bullhe Shah Khalsa Akaal Purkh kee fauj, pargatio Khalsa Akaal Purkh kee mauj” meaning that Khalsa is the army of God and it has taken its birth at his pleasure” (Mukh waak Guru Gobind Singh). Maharaja Dalip Singh The last King of the sovereign Sikh Empire—‘Punjab’ Copyright Dr. Jagraj Singh 2 Who are Sikhs? < siqgur pRswid Contents Preface Acknowledgements Chapter 1 Sikh, Asikh, Shish, Singh & Kaur, Sardar &Sardarni, Khalsa, Panth, Signs of Sikh identity, Why identity is necessary? Being a Sikh, Sikh Religious code of Conduct, Inner values of Sikhism, Article of Sikh faith, Rationale behind the articles of Sikh faith, Chapter2 The Sikhs Sikh homeland Punjabi—National and religious language of the Sikhs and Sikh homeland Arts and crafts of the Sikhs and Sikh homeland Sikh civilization Sikh Culture Status of woman in Sikhism Music in Sikhism Dancing in Sikhism Arts and crafts of the Sikhs Sikh architecture Sikh jurisprudence Sikh politics Sikh Marriage Act Chapter 3 Symbols of Sikh Sovereignty: The Holy Sikh Scripture, Guru Granth Sahib Gurdawara Mandir Dera / Sant Dera / Sant Baba dera Copyright Dr. -
IK ONKAAR the Sikh Religious Award Study Work
1 IK ONKAAR The Sikh Religious Award Study Work Book For Grades (9-12) Youth American Sikh Council Formerly known as World Sikh Council - America Region American Sikh Council, formerly know as World Sikh Council – America Region Copyrighted material, please do not distribute without prior written permission 2 The American Sikh Council Sikh Religious Award Book By Kirpal Singh Nijher For Any Scout Who In his/her Chardi Kalaa (The Perpetual Spirit of Ascendency) Aspires to be a Citizen of the World Wishing Sarbat Daa Bhalaa (Prosperity of All) American Sikh Council, formerly know as World Sikh Council – America Region Copyrighted material, please do not distribute without prior written permission 3 Acknowledgements This is to acknowledge all the effort, ideas and constructive input given by many individuals associated with the American Sikh Council, formerly known as World Sikh Council – America Region. A special thanks to the members of the Boy Scout Task Force namely S. Kirpal Singh, Dr. Manohar Singh, S. Kuldeep Singh and Dr. Satpal Singh for all their great contribution and constructive feedback in bringing this work to fruition. Thanks to S. Kavneet Singh for his long term vision, planning and overall effort to bring out four workbooks from grades 1 -12. Thanks to the two young Sikh Eagle Scouts, S. Karanveer Singh and S. Sherveer Singh in taking time to read the draft, by giving constructive ideas, suggestions and finally making this a reality. Note: All the photographs used here have been used from the internet. Any copyright belongs to the owner of the photograph(s). This workbook is being solely used for educational and non-profit purposes. -
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS i FREQUENTLY USED TERMS ii Acronyms .............................................................................................................. ii Glossary................................................................................................................. ii I. INTRODUCTION 1 Summary of Conclusions 4 II. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 11 III. LINES OF AUTHORITY AND THE APPLICABLE LAW 27 The Applicable Law 32 IV. VIOLATIONS BY GOVERNMENT FORCES 35 Extrajudicial Executions 37 Encounter Killing in Mohali 43 Encounter Killings in Kotla Ajner 47 Other Incidents of Encounter Killings 53 Disappearances 89 Torture110 Arbitrary Arrest and Detention without Trial148 The National Security Act152 The Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act153 The Terrorist Affected Areas (Special Courts) Act157 Freedom of the Press167 V. VIOLATIONS BY MILITANTS170 Executions of Civilians177 Massacre in Islamabad, Amritsar178 Killings in Bhikiwind179 Other Killings and Threats to Hindu Punjabis181 Attacks on Journalists189 Indiscriminate Attacks on Civilians....................................................... 194 Assassinations of Political and Religious Leaders197 Kidnapping203 VI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS205 APPENDIX209 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was written by Patricia Gossman, research associate for Asia Watch, on the basis of research undertaken during a fact-finding mission to Punjab and New Delhi, India, by Gossman and James A. Goldston, an attorney, in November and December 1990. It was edited by April Bernard, Aryeh Neier, executive director of Human Rights Watch, and Goldston. Mary McCoy assisted with the production of this manuscript. We are grateful to those in Punjab and New Delhi, who assisted us in our work, particularly the residents of Punjab who overcame fear and terror to provide us with information. We are especially grateful to our colleagues in the human rights community in India, without whose advice and assistance this report would not have been possible.