Experiment 3: Studying Density, Miscibility and Solubility of Liquids
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Experimental Approach of Minimum Miscibility Pressure for CO2 Miscible Flooding: Application to Egyptian Oil Fields
International Journal of New Technology and Research (IJNTR) ISSN:2454-4116, Volume-2, Issue-5, May 2016 Pages 105-112 Experimental Approach of Minimum Miscibility Pressure for CO2 Miscible Flooding: Application to Egyptian Oil Fields E.M. Mansour, A.M. Al- Sabagh, S.M. Desouky, F.M. Zawawy, M.R. Ramzi The term of “Enhanced Oil Recovery” (EOR) is defined as Abstract— At the present time, carbon dioxide (CO2) miscible the oil that was recovered by any method beyond the primary flooding has become an important method in Enhanced Oil and secondary stage [2]. Enhanced oil recovery processes are Recovery (EOR) for recovering residual oil, and in addition it divided into three categories: gas miscible flooding, thermal may help in protection of the environment as carbon dioxide flooding and chemical flooding [3]. Figure (1) shows oil (CO2) is widely viewed as an important agent in global production from different (EOR) projects with an increasing warming. This paper presents a study of the effect of carbon dioxide (CO ) injection on miscible flooding performance for in the world oil percentage. [4-7]. 2 Egyptian oil fields and focuses on designing and constructing a new miscibility lab with low cost by setup a favorable system for carbon dioxide (CO2) injection to predict the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) which was required for carbon dioxide (CO2) flooding projects where every reservoir oil sample has its own unique minimum miscibility pressure (MMP). Experimental data from different crude oil reservoirs carried out by slim tube test that is the most common and standard technique of determining minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) in the industry, but this method is expensive, there for we designed this kind of a favorable system (slim tube test) for carbon dioxide (CO2) injection. -
Ordering Tendencies in Pd-Pt, Rh-Pt, and Ag-Au Alloys Z.W
Section I: Basic and Applied Research Ordering Tendencies in Pd-Pt, Rh-Pt, and Ag-Au Alloys Z.W. Lu and B.M. Klein Department of Physics University of California Davis, CA 95616 and A. Zunger National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO 80401 (Submitted October 7, 1994; in revised form November 9, 1994) First-principles quantum-mechanical calculations indicate that the mixing enthalpies for Pd-Pt and Rh-Pt solid solutions are negative, in agreement with experiment. Calculations of the diffuse-scatter- ing intensity due to short-range order also exhibits ordering tendencies. Further, the directly calcu- lated enthalpies of formation of ordered intermetallic compounds are negative. These ordering tendencies are in direct conflict with a 1959 prediction of Raub that Pd-Pt and Rh-Pt will phase-sepa- rate below ~760 ~ (hence their mixing energy will be positive), a position that has been adopted by all binary alloy phase diagram compilations. The present authors predict that Pdl_xPtx will order in the Llz,Llo, and L12 structures ([001] superstructures)at compositionsx = 4' 2' and 4' respectively, I I while the ordered structures of Rhx_/Ptx are predicted to be superlattices stacked along the [012] di- rections. While the calculated ordering temperatures for these intermetallic compounds are too low to enable direct growth into the ordered phase, diffuse-scattering experiments at higher tempera- tures should reveal ordering rather than phase-separation characteristics (i.e., off-F peaks). The situation is very similar to the case of Ag-Au, where an ordering tendency is manifested both by a dif- fuse scattering intensity and by a negative enthalpy of mixing. -
General Chemistry Laboratory I Manual
GENERAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY I MANUAL Fall Semester Contents Laboratory Equipments .............................................................................................................................. i Experiment 1 Measurements and Density .............................................................................................. 10 Experiment 2 The Stoichiometry of a Reaction ..................................................................................... 31 Experiment 3 Titration of Acids and Bases ............................................................................................ 10 Experiment 4 Oxidation – Reduction Titration ..................................................................................... 49 Experiment 5 Quantitative Analysis Based on Gas Properties ............................................................ 57 Experiment 6 Thermochemistry: The Heat of Reaction ....................................................................... 67 Experiment 7 Group I: The Soluble Group ........................................................................................... 79 Experiment 8 Gravimetric Analysis ........................................................................................................ 84 Scores of the General Chemistry Laboratory I Experiments ............................................................... 93 LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS BEAKER (BEHER) Beakers are containers which can be used for carrying out reactions, heating solutions, and for water baths. They are for -
Measurement and Modeling of Fluid-Fluid Miscibility in Multicomponent Hydrocarbon Systems Subhash C
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2005 Measurement and modeling of fluid-fluid miscibility in multicomponent hydrocarbon systems Subhash C. Ayirala Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Petroleum Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Ayirala, Subhash C., "Measurement and modeling of fluid-fluid miscibility in multicomponent hydrocarbon systems" (2005). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 943. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/943 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. MEASUREMENT AND MODELING OF FLUID-FLUID MISCIBILITY IN MULTICOMPONENT HYDROCARBON SYSTEMS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Petroleum Engineering by Subhash C. Ayirala B.Tech in Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara Univeristy, Tirupati, India, 1996 M.Tech in Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India, 1998 M.S. in Petroleum Engineering, Louisiana State University, 2002 August 2005 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my wife, Kruthi; my parents; my brother, Dhanuj and my beloved sisters, Hema, Suma and Siri. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply indebted to my mentor and advisor Dr. Dandina N. Rao for his able guidance, motivation and moral support throughout this work. -
Laboratory Equipment Reference Sheet
Laboratory Equipment Stirring Rod: Reference Sheet: Iron Ring: Description: Glass rod. Uses: To stir combinations; To use in pouring liquids. Evaporating Dish: Description: Iron ring with a screw fastener; Several Sizes Uses: To fasten to the ring stand as a support for an apparatus Description: Porcelain dish. Buret Clamp/Test Tube Clamp: Uses: As a container for small amounts of liquids being evaporated. Glass Plate: Description: Metal clamp with a screw fastener, swivel and lock nut, adjusting screw, and a curved clamp. Uses: To hold an apparatus; May be fastened to a ring stand. Mortar and Pestle: Description: Thick glass. Uses: Many uses; Should not be heated Description: Heavy porcelain dish with a grinder. Watch Glass: Uses: To grind chemicals to a powder. Spatula: Description: Curved glass. Uses: May be used as a beaker cover; May be used in evaporating very small amounts of Description: Made of metal or porcelain. liquid. Uses: To transfer solid chemicals in weighing. Funnel: Triangular File: Description: Metal file with three cutting edges. Uses: To scratch glass or file. Rubber Connector: Description: Glass or plastic. Uses: To hold filter paper; May be used in pouring Description: Short length of tubing. Medicine Dropper: Uses: To connect parts of an apparatus. Pinch Clamp: Description: Glass tip with a rubber bulb. Uses: To transfer small amounts of liquid. Forceps: Description: Metal clamp with finger grips. Uses: To clamp a rubber connector. Test Tube Rack: Description: Metal Uses: To pick up or hold small objects. Beaker: Description: Rack; May be wood, metal, or plastic. Uses: To hold test tubes in an upright position. -
Miscibility in Solids
Name _________________________ Date ____________ Regents Chemistry Miscibility In Solids I. Introduction: Two substances in the same phases are miscible if they may be completely mixed (in liquids a meniscus would not appear). Substances are said to be immiscible if the will not mix and remain two distinct phases. A. Intro Activity: 1. Add 10 mL of olive oil to 10 mL of water. a) Please record any observations: ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ b) Based upon your observations, indicate if the liquids are miscible or immiscible. Support your answer. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 2. Now add 10 mL of grain alcohol to 10 mL of water. a) Please record any observations: ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ b) Based upon your observations, indicate if the liquids are miscible or immiscible. Support your answer. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Support for Cornell Center for Materials Research is provided through NSF Grant DMR-0079992 Copyright 2004 CCMR Educational Programs. All rights reserved. II. Observation Of Perthite A. Perthite Observation: With the hand specimens and hand lenses provided, list as many observations possible in the space below. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ -
2019 Beverage Industry Supplies Catalog Table of Contents
2019 Beverage Industry Supplies Catalog Table of Contents Barrels, Racks & Wood Products……………………………………………………………...4 Chemicals Cleaners and Sanitizers…………………………………………………………..10 Processing Chemicals……………………………………………………………..13 Clamps, Fittings & Valves……………………………………………………………………….14 Fermentation Bins…………………………………………………………………………………18 Filtration Equipment and Supplies……...…………………………………………………..19 Fining Agents………………………………………………………………………………………..22 Hoses…………………………………………………………………………………………………..23 Laboratory Assemblies & Kits…………………………………………………………………..25 Chemicals……………………………………………………………………………..28 Supplies………………………………………………………………………………..29 Testers………………………………………………………………………………… 37 Malo-Lactic Bacteria & Nutrients…………………………………………………………….43 Munton’s Malts……………………………………………………………………………………..44 Packaging Products Bottles, Bottle Wax, Capsules………………………………………………….45 Natural Corks………………………………………………………………………..46 Synthetic Corks……………………………………………………………………..47 Packaging Equipment…………………………………………………………………………….48 Pumps………………………………………………………………………………………………….50 Sulfiting Agents…………………………………………………………………………………….51 Supplies……………………………………………………………………………………………….52 Tanks…………………………………………………………………………………………………..57 Tank Accessories…………………………………………………………………………………..58 Tannins………………………………………………………………………………………………..59 Yeast, Nutrient & Enzymes……………………………………………………………………..61 Barrels, Racks & Wood Products Barrels Description Size Price LeRoi, New French Oak 59 gl Call for Pricing Charlois, New American Oak 59 gl Call for Pricing Charlois, New Hungarian Oak 59 gl Call for Pricing Used -
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater Part 1000 INTRODUCTION 1010 INTRODUCTION 1010 A. Scope and Application of Methods The procedures described in these standards are intended for the examination of waters of a wide range of quality, including water suitable for domestic or industrial supplies, surface water, ground water, cooling or circulating water, boiler water, boiler feed water, treated and untreated municipal or industrial wastewater, and saline water. The unity of the fields of water supply, receiving water quality, and wastewater treatment and disposal is recognized by presenting methods of analysis for each constituent in a single section for all types of waters. An effort has been made to present methods that apply generally. Where alternative methods are necessary for samples of different composition, the basis for selecting the most appropriate method is presented as clearly as possible. However, samples with extreme concentrations or otherwise unusual compositions or characteristics may present difficulties that preclude the direct use of these methods. Hence, some modification of a procedure may be necessary in specific instances. Whenever a procedure is modified, the analyst should state plainly the nature of modification in the report of results. Certain procedures are intended for use with sludges and sediments. Here again, the effort has been to present methods of the widest possible application, but when chemical sludges or slurries or other samples of highly unusual composition are encountered, the methods of this manual may require modification or may be inappropriate. Most of the methods included here have been endorsed by regulatory agencies. Procedural modification without formal approval may be unacceptable to a regulatory body. -
Miscibility Table
Solvent Polarity Boiling Solubility Index Point (°C) in Water (%w/w) Acetic Acid 6.2 118 100 Comparing products in the CBRNE realm just got easier. Acetone 5.1 56 100 Acetonitrile 5.8 82 100 Visit CBRNEtechindex.com to view and lter an independent, comprehensive Benzene 2.7 80 0.18 database of CBRNE detection equipment. n-Butanol 4.0 125 0.43 Butyl Acetate 3.9 118 7.81 Carbon Tetrachloride 1.6 77 0.08 Chloroform 4.1 61 0.815 Cyclohexane 0.2 81 0.01 1,2-Dichloroethane1 3.5 84 0.81 POLARITY CHART Dichloromethane2 3.1 41 1.6 Dimethylformamide 6.4 155 100 Relative Compound Group Representative Solvent Polarity Formula Compounds Dimethyl Sulfoxide3 7.2 189 100 Dioxane 4.8 101 100 Nonpolar R - H Alkanes Petroleum ethers, ligroin, hexanes Ethanol 5.2 78 100 Ethyl Acetate 4.4 77 8.7 Ar - H Aromatics Toluene, benzene Di-Ethyl Ether 2.8 35 6.89 R - O - R Ethers Diethyl ether Heptane 0.0 98 0.0003 R - X Alkyl halides Tetrachloromethane, Hexane 0.0 69 0.001 chloroform Methanol 5.1 65 100 4 R - COOR Esters Ethyl acetate Methyl-t-Butyl Ether 2.5 55 4.8 Methyl Ethyl Ketone5 4.7 80 24 R - CO - R Aldehydes Acetone, methyl ethyl and ketones ketone Pentane 0.0 36 0.004 n-Propanol 4.0 97 100 R - NH Amines Pyridine, triethylamine 2 Iso-Propanol6 3.9 82 100 R - OH Alcohols Methanol, ethanol, Di-Iso-Propyl Ether 2.2 68 isopropanol, butanol Tetrahydrofuran 4.0 65 100 R - COHN2 Amides Dimethylformamide Toluene 2.4 111 0.051 R - COOH Carboxylic acids Ethanoic acid Tichloroethylene 1.0 87 0.11 Water 9.0 100 100 Polar H - OH Water Water Xylene 2.5 139 0.018 4 5 -
In Chemistry, What Is Miscibility? Why Don't They Dissolve? Like Dissolves
In Chemistry, What is Miscibility? Article from Frostburg University Miscibility is the ability of two liquids to mix with each to form a homogeneous solution. Water and ethanol, for example, are miscible. They can be mixed in any proportion, and the resulting solution will be clear and show only one phase. Oil and water, on the other hand, are immiscible. A mixture of vegetable oil and water will always separate into two layers, and won't dissolve in each other. Other solvents are only partially miscible, meaning that only some portion will dissolve in water. Most of the liquids encountered in everyday life are either water-based, called aqueous, or organic, which in the chemical sense means they contain carbon atoms. These can generally be divided into two broad classes. They're either polar or nonpolar. Polar molecules are molecules that have a positive end and a negative end. Nonpolar molecules do not have positive and negative ends. They have the same charge or no charge throughout the molecule. Why don’t they dissolve? Like dissolves Like! Polar solvents are miscible with polar solutes. Nonpolar solvents are miscible with nonpolar solutes. Polar solutes like salt, NaCl, is easily dissolved by polar solvents like water. The figure to the left shows how water molecules dissolve a salt crystal because of the polarity. The positive end of water molecules are attracted to the negative chlorine ions and the negative end of the water molecules are attracted to positive sodium ions. Immiscible solvents are those that do not mix. Water and oil are immiscible because water is polar and oil is nonpolar. -
Laboratory Equipment Used in Filtration
KNOW YOUR LAB EQUIPMENTS Test tube A test tube, also known as a sample tube, is a common piece of laboratory glassware consisting of a finger-like length of glass or clear plastic tubing, open at the top and closed at the bottom. Beakers Beakers are used as containers. They are available in a variety of sizes. Although they often possess volume markings, these are only rough estimates of the liquid volume. The markings are not necessarily accurate. Erlenmeyer flask Erlenmeyer flasks are often used as reaction vessels, particularly in titrations. As with beakers, the volume markings should not be considered accurate. Volumetric flask Volumetric flasks are used to measure and store solutions with a high degree of accuracy. These flasks generally possess a marking near the top that indicates the level at which the volume of the liquid is equal to the volume written on the outside of the flask. These devices are often used when solutions containing dissolved solids of known concentration are needed. Graduated cylinder Graduated cylinders are used to transfer liquids with a moderate degree of accuracy. Pipette Pipettes are used for transferring liquids with a fixed volume and quantity of liquid must be known to a high degree of accuracy. Graduated pipette These Pipettes are calibrated in the factory to release the desired quantity of liquid. Disposable pipette Disposable transfer. These Pipettes are made of plastic and are useful for transferring liquids dropwise. Burette Burettes are devices used typically in analytical, quantitative chemistry applications for measuring liquid solution. Differing from a pipette since the sample quantity delivered is changeable, graduated Burettes are used heavily in titration experiments. -
Complete Mill-Rose Product Catalog
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