Lab Equipment Lab Equipment Your lab equipment should: 1. Be CLEAN before using it. 2. Be CHECKED (if glassware) for cracks, broken edges, and “stars”– discard anything damaged. Pre-AP Chemistry Charles Page High School 3. Be washed, dried, and carefully stored in the Stephen L. Cotton proper place after using it. Cleaning Supplies 1. Each lab station has plenty of paper towels, soap, water, sponge and a sink. (2 sinks are also located on the east wall desktop) 2. Used for cleaning lab equipment, the table top, and to wash your hands when finished. 3. We have floor brooms, table brushes, and dustpans to clean up any spills. Keep our lab area neat and clean! Beakers hold and/or heat solids or liquids Beaker Use this Broken Glass that will not release box to dispose of any gases when reacted, or are unlikely to broken glass, instead splatter if stirred. of the trash can. Very poor item to measure volume with (+/- 5% error!) Note the total size There are six sizes of beakers in capacity = 250 mL your lab table for you to use: (upper mark is 200 mL) 50, 100, 150, 250, 400, & 600 mL 1 Beaker Tongs Beaker tongs are used to hold Erlenmeyer Flask and move beakers Erlenmeyer flasks containing hot hold and/or heat liquids. solids or liquids that may release Note the rubber gases during a coating to reaction, or that are improve grip on likely to splatter if the glass beaker stirred. - do not hold these in a burner flame. Note the size = 125 mL Florence Flask Flask Tongs Rarely used in first year chemistry, it is used for the mixing of chemicals. The narrow neck prevents splash exposure. Also called round-bottom flasks Flask tongs are used only to handle flasks – use beaker tongs for beakers. A graduated cylinder Graduated Cylinder Test Tube we commonly use 2 sizes: is used to measure Some graduated cylinders that are volumes of liquids; smaller may not have “bumpers”, but 18 x 150 mm probably your best have reinforced glass rims. everyday measuring The top Larger tool, there are three plastic tube sizes in your desk: bumper 10, 50 and 100 mL ALWAYS (25 x 200 mm) stays at sometimes the top, to used *NOT to be used prevent breakage if for heating or The size is determined by the diameter13 acrossx 100 mmthe top and mixing chemicals it falls over. the length of the test tube. Example: 13 mm x 100 mm (diameter) (length) Note the rubber Test tubes are used to mix chemicals, “bumpers”. and also used to heat chemicals in. 2 Test Tube Holder Test tube brushes are used to clean Test Tube Brush A test tube test tubes and holder is useful graduated Small test tube brush for holding a test cylinders. tube which is too Caution: Forcing a hot to handle large brush into a with your hands. small test tube will often break the tube. Knowing where Dont worry about to hold this piece drying the inside of a of equipment is Holding it here will keep your hand as far as tube or cylinder - Let possible from the fire, and prevent you from them air dry instead of forcing a important. squeezing the holder and dropping the tube. paper towel down inside. Large test tube brush Test Tube Rack Stopper Rubber and cork stoppers are used to close test tubes and flasks, thus Test tubes can be placed avoiding spillage upside down on these or contamination. pegs for drying. Test tube racks are for holding, drying, and Containers should NEVER be heated when organizing test tubes in a vertical position, there is a stopper in place – pressure will and are located in the side wall cabinets. build up, and an explosion could occur. Spot plates are used Spot Plate Watch Glass when we want to A watch glass is perform many used to hold a “small-scale” small amount of reactions at one solid, such as the time. product of a reaction. We will use these many times during Can also be used the year, and is like as a cover for an having lots of test evaporating dish tube s available at Since they may not be made of or beaker. heat-resistant glass, they are one time! Numerous “well” depressions usually not heated – they break! 3 Stirring Rod (with The stirring rod will: Litmus Paper Red litmus rubber policeman) a) manually stir paper is used to solutions; identify bas es : b) assist in pouring liquids; and -Red turns blue, c) transfer a -Blue stays blue single drop of a solution to test Blue litmus papers (like litmus) paper is used to identify acids : Rubber policeman -Blue turns red, tip can be used to Use a stirring rod to transfer a single drop of liquid to the paper; -Red stays red Stirring with this end remove precipitates. will prevent scratching. dont drop the paper in the tube Dropper Pipet The dropper Graduated Pipet pipet is used to A graduated transfer a small pipet measures volume of liquid, and delivers usually one drop exact volumes at a time – you of liquids. have both short and long pipets. Graduations in mL These will also use a rubber On top of each dropper is a “rubber bulb” bulb for for suction – never put your mouth on the Many different sizes of graduated pipets suction. dropper to provide suction. are available. Example: 10 mL or 25 mL Funnel Forceps A funnel is used to: 1) aid in the transfer of liquids from one vessel to another, and Forceps are used to hold or pick up 2) hold small objects – Remember: it is best filter paper to never touch chemicals with your while filtering. hands. (Some pieces of equipment are plastic, others are glass.) 4 Wash Bottle A wash bottle has Weighing Boat - A small plastic dish a tip that delivers a stream of water to a specific area when squeezed. H2O Distilled Water only Distilled water is To prevent contamination, the only liquid that do not touch the tip to other Weighing boats are used for holding and should be used in items, such as test tubes. determining the mass of solid chemicals. a wash bottle. •Never put chemicals directly on the balance During use, keep the bottle -Refill from the upright as shown, since there scale – they will leave a contaminating residue. is a tube that goes to the gallon jugs on the We will also use paper squares for this purpose bottom of the bottle. east desktop. – we can throw the papers away after using. Electronic Balance Place item here to mass Located on Table 8 Using the Electronic Balance Scale (try to use the same balance during an experiment for consistency) 1. Obtain the 5. Carefully add The electronic chemical. the chemical. balances are very accurate, highly 2. Turn the 6. When you are dependable, and balance ON. done, press rugged. 3. Place an empty OFF. 42.57 The digital display container on 7. Clean up any makes the mass value very easy to the balance. spills around read. 4. Press TARE. the balance and (the balance will now read “0”) “On” button “Off” button “Tare” button on the table top. Scoopula Burner Burners are used for the heating of Scoopulas are used to nonflammable dispense solid chemicals liquids and solids. from their containers. We have Tirrell burners to use in Spatulas are sometimes also used. our classroom. The chemicals Hot plates will be should never be In order to get the best flame, used to gently heat transferred with you might need to make any flammable your bare hands. adjustments each time you use (assume they are all dangerous) the burner – practice this! chemicals. 5 How to Light the Lab Burner Lighter 1. Examine the 5. Wait a few Striker-style flint hose for any moments. lighters are used damage. to light your lab 6. Light the burners. 2. Perform initial burner with a adjustments. The flints on striker. (next slide) strikers are 3. Attach rubber Spark occurs here. 7. Perform any expensive; do not hose to outlet. operate the striker required final Squeezing the flint against the 4. Turn ON gas repeatedly just to file causes a spark, thus lighting the burner. outlet. adjustments. see the sparks! Evaporating Dish Crucible and cover The evaporating Crucibles are used dish is used for for heating certain heating stable solids, particularly solid compounds metals, to very and elements, as high temperatures. well as for The cover can be evaporating used to contain solutions. any smoke particles. These are made of a porcelain material, and therefore can withstand high heat temperatures, but are thin and The crucible and cover are also made of a porcelain fragile, and break easily – handle with care. material, and thus can withstand high temperatures. Clay Triangle The clay triangle is used as a support for crucibles when being heated over a lab burner. It can also be used to support a funnel when filtering. 6 Triangular File Crucible Tongs For handling hot crucibles and their covers; also used to pick up other small hot objects - NOT to be used for picking up beakers! Triangular files are used primarily to cut glass tubing, a skill that your instructor will share with you later. Ring stand (and their Components) (Ring stand and their Components) Ring stands are a safe Ring Clamp and convenient way to support equipment Ring clamps connect holding reactions that to a ring stand, and require heating using a when used with a lab burner.