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1 Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Measuring Instruments
Measuring Instruments
Indirect measuring Direct measuring devices devices Caliper Vernier Caliper Radius Gauge Micrometer Plug Gauge Vernier Bevel Protractor
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
ا ذات ا ر Vernier Caliper
A measuring tool for taking inside and outside measurements
Measuring Range 0 –100, 0 –125, 0 –150,0 –200, …..
Sensitivity 0.1, 0.05, 0.02 mm
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
1) Outside jaws : used to measure external length 2) Inside jaws : used to measure internal length 3) Depth probe : used to measure depth 4) Main scale (cm) 5) Main scale (inch) 6) Vernier (cm) 7) Vernier (inch) 8) Retainer : used to block/release movable part Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Reading the Vernier Scale
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Reading the Vernier Scale
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Reading the Vernier Scale
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Reading the Vernier Scale
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Vernier inside Vernier gauge Depth gauge
Vernier outside • Range 0 – 100, 0 – 125, 0 - 200 mm gauge • Sensitivity 0.1, 0.05, 0.02 mm
Vernier long outside gauge
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Vernier Height gauge
• Range 0 – 300, 0 – 500 mm • Sensitivity 0.1, 0.05, 0.02 mm
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Examples
34 + 0.60 = 34.6 mm
37 +0.46 = 37.46 mm
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
ا و Micrometer
A tool for taking outside, inside, and height measurements. Measuring Range 0 – 25, 25 – 50, 50 – 75, ……..
Sensitivity 0.01 mm
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Reading the Micrometer
The rim of the thimble is divided into 50 parts, which gives a reading of 0.01 mm. the barrel is marked in millimetres and ½ mm divisions, so that when we take a reading we add the number of hundredth indicated on the thimble to the millimetres and ½ mm uncovered on the barrel.
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Reading the Micrometer
A = 7.00 mm B = 0 mm C = 38 x 0.01 = 0.38 mm A + B + C = 7.0 + 0 + 0.38 = 7.38 mm
A = 7.00 mm B = 0.5 mm C = 22 x 0.01 = 0.22 mm A + B + C = 7.00 + 0.50 + 0.22 = 7.72 mm
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Types of Micrometers
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Types of Micrometers
Micrometers with prismatic measuring faces
Measure test pieces with an uneven number of grooves such as milling cutters, taps, and drills as well as odd polygons
Micrometers with Small Measuring Faces
For measuring grooves, feather grooves, splines and other difficult to reach measuring points
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Types of Micrometers
Micrometers with two spherical measuring faces
Rounded measuring faces for measuring concave surfaces
Micrometers for gear pitch measurement
Flanges with ring-shaped measuring faces for root tangent lengths on gear pitches, distance between grooves and slots.
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Types of Micrometers
Micrometers for Thread Measurement
Used for pitch diameter inspection-Anvil with adjustable holder for mounting a measuring insert with prismatic faces .
Depth Micrometers
With interchangeable measuring rods provided in sets. The rods are adjusted in steps, each with a step length of 30 or 25 mm. Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Exercises
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Exercises
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Angles Measurements
ß A tool used to measure angles. ß The sliding blade is connected to a Vernier scale, ß The main scale is divided up into degrees from 0 to 90 each way. ß Range4×0-90. Degree (°) = 60 min (′60 ) ß Sensitivity = 5 min Minute (`) = 60 second (′′60 ) Degree (°) = 3600 second (′′60 )
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Angles Measurements ا ا Plate Protractor
ا ا ر ا Combination Squares
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Angles Measurements
ا ذات ا ر Vernier Bevel Protractor A tool used to measure angles. The sliding blade is connected to a Vernier scale, the main scale is divided up into degrees from 0 to 90 each way. Range 4× 0 -90 . Sensitivity 5 (minutes) = 1/12 ° × 60 = 5 minutes
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Angles Measurements
ا ذات ا ر Vernier Bevel Protractor
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Angles Measurements
Reading the Bevel Protractor
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Angles Measurements
ا ذات ا ر Vernier Bevel Protractor
Exercise
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Angles Measurements
ا ذات ا ر Vernier Bevel Protractor
Exercise
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Direct Measuring Devices
Angles Measurements
ا ذات ا ر Vernier Bevel Protractor
Exercise
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Indirect Measuring Devices
Try Square Care should be taken to ensure that its blade is perpendicular to the surface being tested.
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Indirect Measuring Devices
Try Square
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Indirect Measuring Devices
Inside and outside caliper A tool used in measuring inside and outside diameters. When the tool has been adjusted, the diameter may be read from a rule or Vernier caliper.
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Indirect Measuring Devices
Plug thread gauge
A tool used for testing the accuracy of holes. Plug gauges are usually made double-ended for checking two dimensions.
Radius gauge A tool used for testing concave and convex corners.
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Indirect Measuring Devices
Telescoping Gauges
• Used to measure inside cylinders. • Allow “T” gauge to extend to inside opening • Lock shaft • Measure with micrometer
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Indirect Measuring Devices
Feeler Gauge Wire Gauge
A tool used for testing the space between two surfaces
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Indirect Measuring Devices
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Dial Indicators The dial indicators or dial gauges are generally used for testing flatness of surfaces and parallelism of bars and rods. They are also used for testing the machine tools.
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Measuring Devices 37
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Specifications and Standardization
The primary aim of modem manufacturing is to produce product of high quality. In producing high quality products, all components must be manufactured in accordance with the specifications
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Specifications and Standardization
Specifications Specifications used in manufacturing include: ß Size, ß Location, ß Surface finish, ß Material.. etc.
If the product is used as a component in other products or by various manufacturers, the specifications become a standard for that particular item.
For example , a bolt can be manufactured having any number of threads, diameters and pitches. If a bolt’s specifications meet their particular needs, other manufacturers may want to produce it. In order for the bolt to be interchangeable with a nut, the thread sizes must be compatible. Hence, this particular thread specification becomes standardized throughout the industry
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Specifications and Standardization
Standardization
Standardization is the act of conforming to standard, which is established by authority as" a fixed rule or measure. Standards are established in the fields of products, materials, processes, equipment and procedures by National and International Organization such as: ‹ International Standards Organization (ISO). ‹ British Standards Organization (BSO). ‹ German Industria1 Standard (DIN). ‹ American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
In modem industry it is essential to follow some code of standards in order to ensure the ability to interchange products between different manufacturers on the one hand, and between different countries on the other
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Dimensions and Tolerances
An engineering drawing of a manufactured part is intended to convey information from the manufacturer and inspector. It must contain all information necessary for the part to be correctly manufactured. It must enable the inspector to make a precise determination of whether or not the parts are acceptable. Drawings must convey three essential types of information: • The materials to be used. • The dimensions of the part. • The shape of the part
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Dimensions and Tolerances
It is difficult to produce any part to an exact dimension. For example it is very difficult to produce bars having a length of exactly 80 mm. Small variations in length must take place even on the most accurate machines. Thus we specify tolerances on the dimension of the part, say 80±0.1mm. Thus all bars longer than 79 .99 mm and shorter than 80 .01 mm are acceptable
Tolerance 0.1 Tolerance 10 +0.1 - 0 2 Holes Tolerance 0.6 The tolerance on a dimension is the total permissible variation in its size, which is equal to the difference between the limits 20.0 of size 19.4
40 ±±±0.2 Tolerance 0.4
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Dimensions and Tolerances
Limits of Size
The limits of size, often referred to as the limits, are the maximum and minimum permissible sizes for a specific dimension
Limits of size High limit placed above low limit
20.0 19.4
40 ±±±0.2 Limits are 40.2 and 39.8
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh Dimensions and Tolerances
Allowance
An allowance is a prescribed difference between the maximum size of an external feature and the minimum size of a mating internal feature. It is therefore the minimum clearance or the maximum interference which exists between such features when they are assembled
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh