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La Province De Hunan LA PROVICE DE HAIA Actualisation : 13 mai 2008 © MINEFI – DGTPE « prestation réalisée sous système de management de la qualité certifié ISO9001» Doté d’un relief montagneux et de plages, Hainan est considéré comme le « paradis touristique balnéaire » de la Chine. Moins développée que La version électronique de cette fiche contient des liens actifs qui les autres provinces de l’est et du sud de la Chine, la province de peuvent être activés pour accéder Hainan vit principalement du tourisme et de l'agriculture. Elle fait aux sites Internet en version l’objet depuis quelques années d’une attention particulière des autorités française ou anglaise des centrales chinoises en raison de sa position géographique qui lui organismes cités. permettrait de lancer à moindre coût des satellites de communication et de ses réserves pétrolières et gazières offshores. Présentation générale La Zone Economique Spéciale de Hainan Population totale : 8,45 millions d’habitants Population urbaine : 45,2 % Population active : 4,0 millions Densité : 237 hab. / Km² Superficie : 35.000 Km² Présence ethnique : 18% de la population appartiennent à des minorités ethniques (Li, Miao, Hui, etc). Ressources naturelles : gaz naturel, pétrole, bauxite, minerai de fer, étain, titane, quartz, zircon, etc. Climat : tropical ; la température annuelle moyenne est de 22 à 26 ˚C. Géographie : Située à l’extrême sud de la Chine et séparée du Guangdong par le détroit de Qiongzhou au Nord, la province de Hainan comprend l’île de Hainan elle- WEI Liucheng 1er Secrétaire de la même ainsi que les îles, récifs et eaux territoriales des îles Xisha, Zhongsha province du Hainan et Nansha, toutes situées à l’extrémité sud du pays. Elle est divisée en 20 municipalités placées sous la juridiction du gouvernement provincial. Haikou (capitale provinciale) et Sanya (cité balnéaire située à son extrémité sud) sont les deux principales villes de Hainan. LUO Baoming Gouverneur de la Transport : province de Hainan • réseau routier : 17.000 Km; • deux aéroports internationaux (Haikou et Sanya); • quatre ports principaux (Haikou, Sanya, Basuo et Yangpu) ; • la voie ferroviaire Guangdong-Hainan a été ouverte en 2007, et la voie ferroviaire de 302 km entre Haikou, au nord de l’île et Sanya au sud est en Xu Tangxian Maire de Haikou construction. Elle devrait permettre de réduire le temps de trajet entre les deux villes à 80 minutes contre 3 heures et demie actuellement. AMBASSADE DE FRANCE EN CHINE MISSION ECONOMIQUE D E CANTON Le Province du Hainan – 13 mai 2008 © MINEFE - DGTPE GUAGDOG HAIKOU (Capitale provinciale) Population: 1,47 M d’habitants PIB: 30,1 Mds RMB BOAO où se tient annuellement le « Boao Forum for Asia ». SAYA Population: 524 000 habitants. PIB: 7,4 Mds RMB principale zone touristique Économie Une province en phase de rattrapage ème Avec un revenu per capita de 14631 RMB en 2007, Hainan se situe au 17 Province PIB PIB/h rang national en termes de PIB/h. Elle a enregistré un taux de croissance de Md RMB 14,5 % en 2007, supérieur au rythme national (11,4%). RMB Beijing 901 56044 Shanghai 1200 68049 Tissu économique et industriel : Guangdong 3067 32713 La province mise principalement sur le tourisme pour assurer son essor Hunan 915 12294 économique et son industrie reste encore peu développée: le secteur Fujian 916 25662 secondaire ne représente que 26 % de son PIB. Elle a trois axes de Guangxi 589 12408 développement économique : le tourisme à l’est et au sud, l’agriculture au Jiangxi 547 11222 Hainan 123 14631 centre et l’industrie manufacturière à l’ouest. Son tissu industriel se concentre au nord et à l’ouest où émergent cinq principaux secteurs : Commerce extérieur : 7,36 Mds USD en pétrochimie, automobile, papier, pharmaceutique et agroalimentaire. 2007, soit une croissance de 85,1%. Les Haikou, Yangpu et Dongfang sont les principaux « clusters » industriels. Etats-Unis, Hong Kong, le Japon et l’UE sont ses principaux partenaires commerciaux. Une forte dominante rurale et agricole : • l'agriculture demeure un secteur-clé pour l’économie de Hainan ; • productions principales : canne à sucre, légumes, fruits, caoutchouc , noix de coco et aquaculture ; Productions agricoles • abondance en ressources forestières (+50% du territoire) favorisant (Unité : millions tonnes) le développement de l’industrie du papier ; • Type Prod. Ev. Yinggehai est réputé pour sa production de sel ; ème canne à sucre 2,78 -33.3% • l’élevage et la pêche sont les deux secteurs prioritaires du 11 légumes 3,63 0,6% plan quinquennal. En 2010, leur poids devrait représenter + 70% de Fruits 1,62 13,3% l’agriculture de Hainan. aquaculture 1,5 10,4% Consommation : Haikou est le principal centre de consommation de Hainan. Exportations : 1,84 Mds USD en 2007 Enseignes présentes : Carrefour, Wal-Mart, Grand Buy (Canton), Causeway Produits principaux : gaz naturel, textiles, Bay Mall et A-best (Shenzhen). aquaculture et produits électromécaniques. Relations avec Hong Kong : intégré au projet de « Pan-Pearl River Delta », Importations : 5,52 Mds USD en 2007 le Hainan entretient des liens privilégiés avec Hong Kong qui est son premier partenaire à l’exportation et sa première source d’IDE. A ce jour, on dénombre plus de 5000 entreprises hongkongaises à Hainan. - 2 - Le Province du Hainan – 13 mai 2008 © MINEFE - DGTPE Principaux investisseurs étrangers : Entreprises clés de Hainan APP MAZDA Produits agroalimentaires : SAMSUNG FIBER OPTIC LUONIUSHAN GROUP : élevage, viande, œufs ; STARWOOD HOTELS & RESORTS CHUNGUANG FOODSTUFF ACCOR YEDAO GROUP: spiritueux, produits diététiques ; CARREFOUR TRIOMPH COCONUT PALM : boissons non alcoolisées Hainan Airlines et Hainan Automobile Transports : Group sont les deux seules entreprises HAINAN AIRLINES : transport aérien de Hainan du « Top 500 Chinois ». CHINA SHIPPING HAISHENG : transport maritime Les autres entreprises connues à Hainan: HAIMA : automobile HAINAN IRON & STEEL Co. : l’industrie métallurgique HANNAN SANYE : l’industrie pharmaceutique Principaux projets en cours Routier : Hainan a l’intention d’allouer en 2008, • « ring express way » de Haikou ; 35,4 milliards RMB à 76 projets dans le • « ring express way » de Sanya ; cadre de son plan de développement à • long terme. « express corridor » de Yangpu ; • Axes routiers desservant certains sites touristiques (Boao, Tongguling, baie de Haitang, etc) ; Ferroviaire : • Ligne reliant les villes de Haikou et de Sanya; Portuaire : • Extension des ports Yangpu, Basuo, Haikou et Sanya. La construction du nouveau centre de • l’établissement de la 1 ère zone portuaire sous douane de l’île, située lancement spatial à Wenchang devrait dans la zone de développement économique de Yangpu qui commencer à la fin de l’année 2008 et être mis en opération d’ici cinq ans. bénéficiera de politiques préférentielles pour attirer les investisseurs. Les projets touristiques du 11 ème plan : baie de Haitang à Sanya, baie de Qingshui à Lingshui, Tongguling à Wenchang, zone de Boao, etc. Tourisme - Secteur clé de Hainan Située à la pointe de l'île et avec ses belles baies (Dadonghai, Sanya et Yalong les plus En 2007, la province a attiré 18,46 millions de visiteurs dont 1,51 millions connues), la ville de Sanya est surnommée de Russes. L’industrie du tourisme a généré un chiffre d’affaires de 3 « le Hawaii de l’Orient». milliards RMB en 2007. Hainan est devenue la deuxième destination touristique du pays après le parc national de Jiuzhaigou dans le Sichuan. Le Le golf est un autre point fort du tourisme de Hainan. tourisme représente 6,4 % du PIB et reste le secteur qui offre le plus important potentiel de développement. Les parcs industriels de Hainan Haikou Free Tax Zone: industries pharmaceutique, automobile, TIC, etc. Yangpu Economic Development Zone : CNOOC entretient le projet d’y construire un terminal GNL ; SINOPEC y a inauguré une importante raffinerie en 2006. - 3 - Le Province du Hainan – 13 mai 2008 © MINEFE - DGTPE Relations avec la France Une présence qui se renforce Entreprises françaises implantées à Hainan: • CARREFOUR : grande distribution, • SERIBO : fabrication de parquets, • CMA CGM : logistique, Sept filiales françaises recensées • SOFITEL BOAO : hôtellerie, à Hainan. • EURO MONEY INTERNATIONAL / JIE DONG INDUSTRIAL : pharmaceutique, • SUEZ (SINO-FRENCH WATER DEVELOPMENT) : distribution de l’eau potable à Sanya. • VE-CGE : Veolia-Eau - Compagnie Générale des Eaux Coopération institutionnelle Jumelages : • Haikou et Saint Nazaire depuis 1992, • Sanya et Cannes depuis 1997. Pratique Sources d’information et liens utiles Il faut noter la tenue annuelle, à Boao, du « Boao Forum for Asia », qui est devenu un Principaux salons de Hainan grand forum d’affaires international où se • Hainan International Tropical Agricultural Product Expo ( décembre ) côtoient les hommes d’affaires et • Hainan International Automobile Industry Exposition responsables politiques principalement • d’Asie. Hainan Pharmaceutical & Food Machinery and Packing Equipment www.boaoforum.org/html/home-en.asp Exhibition Sites Internet utiles Gouvernement provincial de hainan : http://www.hainan.gov.cn Consulat général de France à Canton (compétent pour le Hainan) : http://www.consulfrance-canton.org/ Publications : la mission économique de Canton propose ses services aux entreprises françaises qui souhaitent prospecter la province de Hainan. Le catalogue des services et des prestations proposés aux entreprises françaises et les ouvrages de référence sont consultables sur notre site Internet : www.missioneco.org/chine/canton Copyright Auteur : Mission Economique
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