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Karel Havlíček V Novější Odborné Literatuře*

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Karel Havlíček V Novější Odborné Literatuře* SBORNÍK NÁRODNÍHO MUZEA V PRAZE ACTA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE Řada C – Literární historie • sv. 61 • 2016 • č. 3–4 • s. 27–38 Series C – Historia Litterarum • vol. 61 • 2016 • no. 3–4 • pp. 27–38 KarEl HavlíčEK v NověJší oDBorNé lItEratUřE* Petr Píša (Praha) Karel Havlíček in More Recent Scientific Literature Abstract: Based on an analysis of monographs and the main scientific studies devoted to Karel Havlíček, the article aims to present the basic topics and directions of research on Karel Havlíček while drawing attention to professional desiderata. It deals with Havlíček’s monumental biography by Karel Kazbunda, which was not published until five decades after it was written, and other, smaller monographic publications on Havlíček. Among other things, the paper describes also other works analysing Havlíček’s other life, his work as a journalist and his involvement in the polemics against the book of poems České listy by Siegfried Kapper, and indicates new impulses for research brought by the editorial preparation and synoptic analysis of Havlíček’s correspondence. Keywords: Karel Havlíček – historiography – literary science – 1989–2015 – Czech history of the 19th century Pohled na knihkupecké pulty krátce po roce 1989 mohl esej Zdeňka Mahlera z roku 1969.7 O něco později se vydání vyvolat zdání, že doba Karlu Havlíčkovi přeje. Tuzemská dočkala i úvaha Vlastimila Kybala, původně publikovaná veřejnost se mohla seznámit s díly připravovanými ještě v exilu za druhé světové války, a znovu, již počtvrté, byl ve starém systému státních nakladatelství – roku 1990 vydán i Havlíčkův životopis od Tomáše Garrigua Masaryka.8 vyšel v Klubu přátel poezie Československého spisovatele S pádem železné opony získali Češi opětovnou možnost čtenářský výbor z Havlíčkova díla Stokrát plivni do moře1 podívat se na vlastní oči do Brixenu,9 kde byla roku 1995 a v královéhradeckém Kruhu pečlivý výběr Havlíčkovy odhalena druhá pamětní deska věnovaná českému exulantovi. korespondence Strmé cesty sestavený Jaroslavou Přesto se však již roku 1996 bulvární Špígl pohoršoval nad Janáčkovou.2 Ty byly obohaceny reedicemi titulů exilových tím, že dvojí havlíčkovské jubileum údajně provází nezájem anebo samizdatových – v letech 1990–1992 tak byly u nás českých periodik o tohoto velikána.10 vydány biografie posrpnového emigranta Jiřího Moravy Více než čtvrtstoletí po sametové revoluci můžeme C. k. disident Karel Havlíček,3 která navazovala na autorovy říci, že čistě z kvantitativního hlediska Karel Havlíček dřívější práce vydané v Torontu, Curychu a Vídni,4 doposud z kulturního kánonu nemizí. Bibliografické zdroje Ústavu pro samizdatové dobásnění Křtu svatého Vladimíra od Pavla českou literaturu11 registrují 620 knižních děl, časopiseckých Hořanského5 a Vaculíkovy Nové vlastenecké písně Karla i novinových článků z let 1990–2016 věnujících se jeho Havlíčka Borovského6 nebo do té doby tiskem nezveřejněná osobě. Tento jistě úctyhodný počet na jedné straně nemůže * Text vznikl v rámci grantového projektu GA ČR 406/12/0691. Při práci na publikaci byly využity zdroje výzkumné infrastruktury Česká literární bibliografie (http://clb.ucl.cas.cz). 1 Havlíček BOROVSKÝ, Karel. Stokrát plivni do moře. Vybrali a uspořádali Jiří KOREJČÍK a Alexandr STICH. Praha: Československý spisovatel, 1990. 2 Havlíček BOROVSKÝ, Karel. Strmé cesty: z listáře, zápisků a vzpomínek. Sestavila Jaroslava JANÁČKOVÁ. [Hradec Králové]: Kruh, 1990. Kniha byla připravována již od roku 1981, srov. IWASHITA, Daniela – JANÁČKOVÁ, Jaroslava. „Ze své výminkářské lavičky potřebuju vědět, která bije“: s Ja- roslavou Janáčkovou o dětství v Havlíčkově Borové, o Felixi Vodičkovi a Boženě Němcové, o četbě a čítankách. Souvislosti, 2014, roč. 25, č. 3, s. 59–86, zde s. 60. 3 Morava, Jiří. C. k. disident Karel Havlíček. Praha: Panorama, 1991. 4 Morava, Jiří. C. k. disident Karel Havlíček: první velký životopis po sto letech. Toronto: Sixty-Eight Publishers, 1986; Morava, Jiří. Der k. k. Dissident Karel Havlíček: 1821-1856. Wien: österreichischer Bundesverlag, 1985; Morava, Jiří. Exilová léta Karla Havlíčka Borovského. Curych: Konfrontace, 1981. 5 Havlíček BOROVSKÝ, Karel a NOVOTNÝ, Jan. Křest svatého Vladimíra: legenda z historie ruské. Brno: Atlantis, 1991. 6 VACULÍK, Ludvík. Nové vlastenecké písně Karla Havlíčka Borovského. Praha: Scéna, 1990. 7 MAHLER, Zdeněk. Esej o Havlíčkovi. Havlíčkobrodsko 1992, zvláštní vydání, s. 1–14. Knižně jako MAHLER, Zdeněk. Kdo svůj národ miluje, nešetří ho. Aneb proč nenapíšu hru o Karlu Havlíčku Borovském. Úvaha s grafikami Vladimíra Komárka. Praha: Primus, 1995. (2. vyd. 1999.) 8 KYBAL, Vlastimil. Karel Havlíček a naše svoboda. Brno: 3K, 1997; Masaryk, Tomáš Garrigue. Karel Havlíček: snahy a tužby politického probuzení. Připravila Jana SVOBODOVÁ. Praha: Ústav Tomáše Garrigua Masaryka, 1996. 9 Morava, Jiří. Po stopách Havlíčkových v Brixenu. Brixen: Informační služba, 1991; JAREŠ, Jiří. Za c. k. disidentem. České a moravskoslezské Zeměděl- ské noviny, 1991, roč. 1, č. 95 (26. 7.), příl. Náš domov, s. 6 aj. – Nejsouvisleji se dnešnímu stavu míst spojených s Havlíčkovým transportem do Brixenu věnoval ČÁP, Josef. Tyrolské elegie po 150 letech. Praha: Janua, 2006. Jeho kniha je kombinací autorského cestopisu a turistického průvodce v Havlíčko- vých stopách, opatřeného bohatým ilustračním doprovodem. 10 Neruda [pseud.]. Havlíčku, tohle sis zasloužil? Špígl, 1996, roč. 7, č. 263, 9. 11., s. 1–2. 11 Databáze české literární vědy (od roku 1961) [online]. Praha: Ústav pro českou literaturu. Dostupné z: http://biblio.ucl.cas.cz. Údaje aktualizovány k 9. 9. 2016. 27 konkurovat četnosti knih a statí věnovaných Boženě vzaly zasvé při požáru vídeňského Justičního paláce). Němcové (1429) či Karlu Hynku Máchovi (1393), na Čtenář Kazbundova díla se postupně dovídá i o takových druhé straně však převyšuje odborný a publicistický zájem podrobnostech, jako je vzájemná rivalita učitelů na jihlavské o Jana Nerudu (450), Jaroslava Vrchlického (438), Karla hlavní škole či složení květin v Havlíčkově brixenské Jaromíra Erbena (385), Josefa Kajetána Tyla (312) či Jakuba domácnosti. Kazbunda rovněž neopomíná pojednávat Arbesa (187), máme-li tuto poněkud bizarní bibliografickou o Havlíčkových politických názorech, na druhou stranu hitparádu omezit pouze na několik příkladů českých literátů se však nepouští do literárněvědného rozboru Havlíčkovy 19. století. básnické činnosti. Nezastírá obdiv a respekt k titulní postavě Následující stať si neklade za cíl podat vyčerpávající své monografie, snaží se ovšem – v duchu pozitivistických bibliografický přehled prací o Karlu Havlíčkovi v posledních zásad – dosáhnout díla „zcela objektivního“ a nezdráhá dvou a půl desetiletích, k takovému cíli ostatně mnohem lépe se ani kritického hodnocení některých Havlíčkových poslouží již zmiňované oborové bibliografické databáze.12 kroků, jako je například lhaní rodičům ohledně výsledků Snaží se – na základě stručného rozboru monografií a hlavních učitelského konkurzu v roce 1842 či kapitulace před odborných studií věnovaných Karlu Havlíčkovi – narýsovat další novinářskou činností v souvislosti s druhou žádostí a představit základní témata a směry bádání, se zaměřením o ukončení brixenského konfinování. na odbornou literaturu posledních let, a upozorňovat přitom Hlavní editorka Jana Pražáková při přípravě textu pro na existující bílá místa a odborná deziderata. tisk volila cestu redakčních zásahů do mnohdy již příliš archaického jazyka ve prospěch větší přístupnosti pro Opožděný monument současné čtenáře. Takové rozhodnutí je třeba ocenit, je ovšem škoda, že k podobné redakční důkladnosti nebylo možné Zatímco s výše zmíněnou exilovou biografií od Jiřího přistoupit při práci s autorovými odkazy na sekundární Moravy se tuzemský čtenář mohl seznámit dva roky po literaturu, a především na archivní prameny. Kazbundův sametové revoluci, vydání životopisného opusu od Karla způsob citací, upřednostňující čísla dobových registraturních Kazbundy se protáhlo na dvě a půl desetiletí. Historik protokolů před odkazy na signatury či čísla kartonů, totiž a archivář Karel Kazbunda (1888–1982) se životu a působení mnohdy znesnadňuje efektivní vyhledání citovaných Karla Havlíčka, a to převážně na základě studia archivních pramenů. Několik desetiletí starému dílu, vydávanému pramenů institucionální povahy, intenzivně věnoval od z rukopisu, by rovněž slušel obsáhlejší komentář objasňující počátku dvacátých let, kdy vydal články objasňující otázku jeho genezi a zasazující ho do kontextu dalšího bádání – konfinování a úmrtí Karla Havlíčka i vztah předbřeznových dvoustránková redakční poznámka ani závěrečný doslov 13 policejních a cenzurních orgánů k jeho osobě. Práci na z pera Zdeňka Šambergra, který je spíše jakýmsi rozšířeným souhrnné životopisné monografii započal ve dvacátých letech encyklopedickým heslem o postavě životopisu, tuto funkci a roku 1946 bylo dílo charakterizováno jako připravené bohužel neplní. Další vadou na jinak zdařilé a potřebné edici k tisku; únorový převrat však penzionovanému archiváři je to, že se kniha nedostala do běžné distribuce, a mimo jiné Ministerstva zahraničních věcí znemožnil vyhlídky na jeho tak zcela unikla širší publicistické pozornosti. bezprostřední vydání. Rukopisný konvolut, Kazbundou Vzhledem ke své materiálové šíři bude Kazbundovo dílo nejpozději do poloviny šedesátých let pečlivě aktualizovaný povinnou pomůckou pro jakákoli další zpracování Havlíčkova o nové výsledky bádání, se pak spolu se zbytkem historikovy životopisu, která budou moci v budoucnu vedle toho čerpat osobní pozůstalosti dostal do
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